Academic literature on the topic 'Diameter scale effects'

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Journal articles on the topic "Diameter scale effects"

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Link, Oscar, and Bernd Ettmer. "Similitude of Scour around Bridge Piers." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003026.

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Scales involved in bridge pier scour include the Reynolds number, the Froude number, and the ratio of the pier to the sediment diameter, among others. Consequently, it is not possible to achieve perfect similitude, and thus scale effects between model and prototype arise. In fact, these scale effects distort the scour estimations typically used in hydraulic design of bridges, as scour formulas are based mainly on results from scour experiments at the laboratory scale. In this paper, proper scales of the flow, sediment, and scour are derived theoretically. The suitability of these scales to ach
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Zhao, D. Y., Y. F. Jin, Min Jie Wang, X. W. Sun, and M. C. Song. "Experimental Study on the Rheological Characteristics of Polymer Melts under Micro Scale Effect." Materials Science Forum 628-629 (August 2009): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.628-629.429.

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The rheological characteristics of four polymer melts (PS, PMMA, PP and HDPE) are investigated by a capillary rheometer with the die diameters from 1.5mm to 0.5mm.The effects of temperature on shear viscosity and the effects of both temperature and shear rate on non-Newton exponent of melts are discussed when the die diameter is 0.5mm. The results show that the shear viscosity of four polymers decreases with the rise of shear rate. The shear viscosity of PS and PMMA increases with the decrease of die diameter, the shear viscosity of PP and HDPE decreases with die diameter and minute difference
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Mataram, A., Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, A. S. Mohruni, and T. Matsura. "An Investigation Effects of Electrospinning Parameters: Process Optimization by Application of Response Surface Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.140.

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Effects of material and process parameters on the electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers were experimentally investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to design the experiments at the setting of solution concentration, voltage and the collector distance. It also imparted the evaluation of the significance of each parameter on pore size, contact angle, modulus young and clean water permeability. Effect of applied voltage in micron-scale fiber diameter was observed to be almost negligible when solution concentration and collector distance were high. However, all three factors w
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Gushing, Patrick, and Gerald Klingaman. "Effects of Benzyladenine, Temperature, and Bulb Diameter on Twin-scale Propagated Amaryllis." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 836A—836. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.836a.

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Four bulb sizes of Hippeastrum hybridum `Appleblossom' were twin-scale propagated, soaked in 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 g·liter–1 of benzyladenine (BA), and incubated at 15, 20, 25C and a fluctuating temperature of 31C day, 21C night. Bulbil numbers were recorded following incubation and leaf emergence after bulbils were planted. Eight weeks after bulbils were planted, bulb diameter and leaf numbers were observed. BA application had no effect on bulbil initiation. However, bulbil formation per twin-scale cutting increased as temperature (up to 25C) and mother bulb diameter increased. Bulbil diamete
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SIMIANO, MARCO, D. LAKEHAL, M. LANCE, and G. YADIGAROGLU. "Turbulent transport mechanisms in oscillating bubble plumes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 633 (August 25, 2009): 191–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009006971.

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The detailed investigation of an unstable meandering bubble plume created in a 2-m-diameter vessel with a water depth of 1.5 m is reported for void fractions up to 4% and bubble size of the order of 2.5 mm. Simultaneous particle image velocity (PIV) measurements of bubble and liquid velocities and video recordings of the projection of the plume on two vertical perpendicular planes were produced in order to characterize the state of the plume by the location of its centreline and its equivalent diameter. The data were conditionally ensemble averaged using only PIV sets corresponding to plume st
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Yu, Tong Min, Hai Xin Bei, Ze Yu Yan, Bin Xu, Hua Xu, and Yu Wu. "Experimental Study on Viscous Dissipaition of Polymer Melt in Micro-Channels." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2527.

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The polymer melts viscous dissipation effects of micro scale dimensions are different from that of macro-scale dimensions. In this paper, the temperature rises due to viscous dissipation were investigated when amorphous polymer material, PMMA, flows through several micro-channels with the diameters of 350μm, 500μm and different aspect ratios. The results indicate that, temperature rises reduce with the increase of inlet temperature of melt and increase with increasing channel’s diameter and aspect ratio at the same shear rate. The outlet temperature rises due to viscous dissipation in all micr
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Hao, Yuanshuo, Faris Rafi Almay Widagdo, Xin Liu, Ying Quan, Lihu Dong, and Fengri Li. "Individual Tree Diameter Estimation in Small-Scale Forest Inventory Using UAV Laser Scanning." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010024.

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Unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (UAVLS) systems present a relatively new means of remote sensing and are increasingly applied in the field of forest ecology and management. However, one of the most essential parameters in forest inventory, tree diameter at breast height (DBH), cannot be directly extracted from aerial point cloud data due to the limitations of scanning angle and canopy obstruction. Therefore, in this study DBH-UAVLS point cloud estimation models were established using a generalized nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) model. The experiments were conducted using Larix olgensis
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Wang, Xiaoda, Yongming Wang, Fan Li, et al. "Scale-up of microreactor: Effects of hydrodynamic diameter on liquid–liquid flow and mass transfer." Chemical Engineering Science 226 (November 2020): 115838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.115838.

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Kus, Emrah, and Yildiran Yildirim. "Laboratory Scale of Seed Damage of Coarse-Grain Depending on Groove Diameter and Depth in Roller Devices." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 3 (2021): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14484.

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HighlightsThe rate of damage to the bean seed by the grooved roller planter was determinedThe effects of planting speed, seed rate, groove diameter, and groove depth on seed damageThe most suitable groove diameter and depth were determined in bean plantingAbstract. Grooved roller planters can be used in the planting of small and large seeds when they are produced in the appropriate groove diameter and groove depth depending on the seed dimensions. In this study, the rate of damage to the dry bean seeds of the grooved roller device, which was modified and placed on the bottom of the warehouse o
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Li, Hui, Kaoping Song, Mingguang Tang, et al. "Determination of Scale Effects on Mechanical Properties of Berea Sandstone." Geofluids 2021 (February 9, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6637371.

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The key rock mechanical parameters are strength, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, etc., which are important in reservoir development. The accurate determination of reservoir’s mechanical properties is critical to reduce drilling risk and maximize well productivity. Precisely estimating rock mechanical properties is important in drilling and well completion design, as well as crucial for hydraulic fracturing. Rocks are heterogeneous and anisotropic materials. The mechanical properties vary not only with rock types but also with measurement methods, sample geometric dimensions (sample length to
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diameter scale effects"

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McCall, Amy Jean Taylor. "Full-Scale-Lateral-Load Test of a 1.2 m Diameter Drilled Shaft in Sand." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/403.

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The soil-structure interaction models associated with laterally loaded deep foundations have typically been based on load tests involving relatively small diameter foundations. The lateral soil resistance for larger diameter foundations has been assumed to increase linearly with diameter; however, few, if any load tests have been performed to confirm this relationship. To better understand the lateral resistance of large diameter deep foundations in sand, a series of full scale, cyclic, lateral load tests were performed on two 1.2 m diameter drilled shafts and a 0.324 m diameter steel pipe pil
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Fonseca, António Cabral Viana da. "Diameter effects of large scale monopiles - A theoretical and numerical investigation of the soil-pile interaction response." Dissertação, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/79976.

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Fonseca, António Cabral Viana da. "Diameter effects of large scale monopiles - A theoretical and numerical investigation of the soil-pile interaction response." Master's thesis, 2015. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/79976.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diameter scale effects"

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Whiteman, C. David. "Atmospheric Scales of Motion and Atmospheric Composition." In Mountain Meteorology. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132717.003.0010.

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Weather phenomena occur over a very broad range of scales of space and time, from the global circulation systems that extend around the earth’s circumference to the small eddies that cause cigarette smoke to swirl and mix with clear air. Each circulation can be described in terms of its approximate horizontal diameter and lifetime. Large-scale weather systems, such as hemispheric wave patterns called Rossby waves, monsoons, high and low pressure centers, and fronts, are called synopticscale weather systems. Temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind measurements collected simultaneously all over the world are used to analyze and forecast the evolution of these systems, which have diameters greater than 200 km (125 mi) and lifetimes of days to months. Mesoscale weather events include diurnal wind systems such as mountain wind systems, like breezes, sea breezes, thunderstorms, and other phenomena with horizontal scales that range from 2 to 200 km (1 to 125 mi) and lifetimes that range from hours to days. Mesoscale meteorologists use networks of surface- based instruments, balloon-borne sounding systems, remote sensing systems (e.g., radar, lidar, and sodar), and aircraft to make observations on these scales. Microscale meteorology focuses on local or small-scale atmospheric phenomena with diameters below 2 km (1 mi) and lifetimes from seconds to hours, including gusts and turbulence, dust devils, thermals, and certain cloud types. Microscale studies are usually confined to the layer of air from the earth’s surface to an altitude where surface effects become negligible (approximately 1000 feet or 300 m at night and 5000 feet or 1500 m during the day). A fourth and less rigorously defined term, the regional scale, denotes circulations and weather events occurring on horizontal scales from 500 to 5000 km (310 to 3100 mi). The regional scale is thus smaller than synoptic scale, but larger than mesoscale. The term is often used to describe events that occur within more or less homogeneous physiographic provinces (e.g., the Pacific Northwest region). Major mountain ranges impact the weather on the synoptic scale. They anchor large-scale pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere, cause low and high pressure weather systems to form, and produce large-scale seasonal wind systems in Asia and North America.
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Manescau, Brady, Khaled Chetehouna, Ilyas Sellami, Rachid Nait-Said, and Fatiha Zidani. "BLEVE Fireball Effects in a Gas Industry: A Numerical Modeling Applied to the Case of an Algeria Gas Industry." In Fire Safety and Management Awareness. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92990.

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This chapter presents the numerical modeling of the BLEVE (Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion) thermal effects. The goal is to highlight the possibility to use numerical data in order to estimate the potential damage that would be caused by the BLEVE, based on quantitative risk analysis (QRA). The numerical modeling is carried out using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) version 6. The BLEVE is defined as a fireball, and in this work, its source is modeled as a vertical release of hot fuel in a short time. Moreover, the fireball dynamics is based on a single-step combustion using an eddy dissipation concept (EDC) model coupled with the default large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model. Fireball characteristics (diameter, height, heat flux and lifetime) issued from a large-scale experiment are used to demonstrate the ability of FDS to simulate the various steps of the BLEVE phenomenon from ignition up to total burnout. A comparison between BAM (Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung, Allemagne) experiment data and predictions highlights the ability of FDS to model BLEVE effects. From this, a numerical study of the thermal effects of BLEVE in the largest gas field in Algeria was carried out.
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Sniezhkin, Yurii, Raisa Shapar, and Olena Husarova. "GRINDING AND FRACTIONATION OF DRIED PLANT MATERIALS." In Priority areas for development of scientific research: domestic and foreign experience. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-049-0-35.

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In the absence of large-scale pectin production in Ukraine, pectin-containing powders are an alternative source. They are used as natural additives in the manufacture of health products, due primarily to the presence of pectin, as well as other useful natural components of raw materials. The purpose of the work is to conduct research on the dispersion and fractionation of dried plant materials and to determine the energy-saving regimes of these processes. The task of the research is to develop optimal modes of dispersion of dried plant materials; determine the depend-ence of the micromill performance and power consumption on the rotation speed of the dispersant rotor; to establish the influence of the load on the sieve and the scattering time on the fractionation process. Objects, equipment and research methods. Dried pectin-containing apples and table beets were used as research objects. Studies of the dispersion process were performed on an micromill (8-MM), the coarse part was ground on a disintegrator (ДЕЗІ), the study of the dispersed composition of powders was carried out on the device 029. The paper analyzes the existing methods of grinding and equipment for its implementation. The analysis showed that percussion mills are the most suitable for grinding dried pectin-containing apples and table beets. The dispersed composition of pectin-containing powders is determined in the article. The influence of material loading on the sieve and scattering time on the yield of the fine fraction was investigated. It is proved that the scattering process is more influenced by the scattering time. The paper graphically shows the effect of rotor speed on the equivalent particle diameter and powder dispersion; differential and integral particle distribution curves depending on rotor speed and scattering time for apple and beet powders; the dependence of micromill productivity and power consumption on the speed of the disperser rotor, etc. The optimal operating speed of the rotor is 50 m/s. At this speed, energy consumption for grinding dried materials is minimal. It is proved that the fractionation process almost does not depend on the load on the sieve, but depends on the scattering time. It is impractical to increase the process duration over 3 minutes. Increasing the time to 4 minutes increases the mass of the fine fraction by only 2…5%. The yield of the fine fraction of powders according to the optimal modes of dispersion and separation is: apple – 65...68%, beet – 62...65%. The possibility of re-grinding in order to increase the fine fraction yield is shown. Conclusions. According to the results of the research, the optimal dispersion regimes, the dependence of micromill productivity and power consumption on the dispersant rotor speed, as well as the effect of load on the sieve and scattering time of apple and beet powders on the fractionation process are determined. On the basis of the conducted researches energy-saving conditions of processes of dispersion and fractionation of pectin-containing powders and proper work of the corresponding equipment are defined.
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Conference papers on the topic "Diameter scale effects"

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Lesny, K., S. G. Paikowsky, and A. Gurbuz. "Scale Effects in Lateral Load Response of Large Diameter Monopiles." In Geo-Denver 2007. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40902(221)40.

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Alteraifi, Abdullatif M. "Dimensional Effects in Interfacial Tension Micro-Scale Measurements." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45145.

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Three different experimental configurations to measure oilwater interfacial tension (IFT) are developed using micropipet manipulation technique. By applying the minimum suction pressure required for the interface to flow in a micro-size pipet, IFT is calculated using Young-Laplace equation by achieving mechanical equilibrium condition for the two liquids separated by an interface. The three different configurations produced similar results for critical pressure measurements versus pipet diameter. IFT measurements using micropipet technique found to fall within two regimes: geometry-dependent r
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Hosseini, Mahmoud Reza, Nader Jalili, and Rebecca M. Alway-Cooper. "Atomic Scale Investigation of Nanoparticle and Fabrication Temperature Effects on Carbon Nanotube Diameter and Chirality." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68890.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the best candidates for utilizing in the future nanoelectronic devices. However, the semiconductivity property of CNTs varies as diameter and chirality number change. Several nanoelectronic applications require semiconductivity to be of a certain value with little variability. Therefore, it is necessary to reliably produce uniform CNTs with unique diameter and chirality. However, this still remains one of the challenging problems in the large scale production and application of CNTs. In this paper, the effect of fabrication temperature change on CNTs diameter
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Zhao, Xu, Ming Zhao, and Liang Cheng. "Numerical Investigation of Scale Effects in Modelling Scour Below Offshore Pipelines Under Steady Currents." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49635.

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Scale effects must be considered when results of small-scale laboratory tests on scour below offshore pipelines are extrapolated to real-life situations. In the present study, a 2D Finite Element Method (FEM) numerical model for scour simulation was employed to evaluate scale effects in modelling scour below a single pipeline subjected to steady currents. In the model, the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with a k-ω turbulence closure are supplemented by a morphological model with both suspended load and bedload sediment transport rates included. Scour simulations were conducte
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Wu, D., and X. F. Peng. "Scale Effects on Liquid Emission Phenomena During Boiling Nucleation in Mini/Micro Tubes." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2008-62226.

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A series of experiments was conducted to visually observe the fundamental features of the scale effect on boiling nucleation in mini/micro tubes. Boiling nucleation and/or bubble generation was observed in mini tubes of 1.5 to 2.5 mm and micro tubes of 50 to 200 μm in inner diameter. As heat flux was increased, bubbles were normally observed generating and growing inside the tubes of 2.5 mm. As tube diameter decreased from 1.5 to 0.05 mm, or in mini and micro tubes, the liquid was emitted instantaneously rather than generating bubbles and bubble growth, which is referred as liquid exploding em
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Ghobadi, M., and Y. S. Muzychka. "Pressure Drop in Mini-Scale Coiled Tubing." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63348.

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In the present study, laminar, steady state flow in mini-scale coiled tubes was studied experimentally. Three different tube diameters: 1.6 mm, 1.27 mm and 1.016 mm with different lengths of 1 m and 0.5 m were coiled with different radius of curvature to provide data over a wide range of Reynolds numbers from 5 to 2300. A simple empirical model is developed based on the experimental results to predict the pressure drop increase based on Dean number. The results and simple model are also compared to a well-known existing model for circular tubing. The coiled tube lengths used in this study were
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Höhler, Susanne, Hossein Karbasian, Alexander Gering, Christoph Kalwa, and Brahim Ouaissa. "Strain Capacity of Large Diameter Pipes: Full Scale Investigation With Influence of Girth Weld, Strip End Weld and Ageing Effects." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64151.

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The strain capacity of pipes under combined loading is a significant research topic if the pipes are provided for Strain Based Design scenarios. Displacement controlled scenarios such as ground movements may significantly affect transmission pipelines by inducing large amounts of plastic axial strains, which need to be considered in the design process. For these combined loading cases with internal pressure combined with pronounced longitudinal strains from environmental conditions it is essential to evaluate critical deformations on the one hand and to conclude the required structural perform
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Gandavarapu, P., and F. E. Ames. "The Influence of Leading Edge Diameter on Stagnation Region Heat Transfer Augmentation Including Effects of Turbulence Level, Scale, and Reynolds Number." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-45735.

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Stagnation region heat transfer measurements have been acquired on two large cylindrical leading edge test surfaces having a four to one range in leading edge diameter. Heat transfer measurements have been acquired for six turbulence conditions including three grid conditions, two aero-combustor conditions, and a low turbulence condition. The data have been run over an eight to one range in Reynolds numbers for each test surface with Reynolds numbers ranging from 62,500 to 500,000 for the large leading edge and 15,625 to 125,000 for the smaller leading edge. The data show augmentation levels o
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Swan, Colby C., and HyungJoo Kim. "Finite Deformation Micromechanical Analysis of Textile-Reinforced Plastics." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55182.

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Nonlinear elastic stiffness behaviors of plain-weave textile-reinforced composites are considered in this work by modeling finite deformation effects at two scales: (1) at the fiber diameter scale within yarns (~10 microns); (2) at the yarn diameter scale within woven textiles (~1000 microns). To capture the effect of heterogeneous microscale stress and strain fields, symmetric, conjugate, stress and strain measures are first established. A transversely isotropic hyperelasticity model is then presented for modeling finite deformation behaviors of yarns. After the free parameters of this model
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Isomura, Kousuke, Susumu Teramoto, Shin-Ichi Togo, Kousuke Hikichi, Yuki Endo, and Shuji Tanaka. "Effects of Reynolds Number and Tip Clearances on the Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor at Micro Scale." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90637.

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The performance of a centrifugal compressor at micro-scale has been assessed by a combination of experiments and numerical calculations. A micro-compressor of 10mm diameter has been fabricated and tested at the condition of 75μm tip clearance. The test results showed higher adiabatic efficiencies than the target value for the compressor to realize a 100W class gas turbine generator. However, this is due to the heat leakage, and a heat leakage model is proposed to be added in the numerical simulations. After matching the calculation results to the experimental results by modeling the heat loss
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