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Journal articles on the topic 'Diameter scale effects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Link, Oscar, and Bernd Ettmer. "Similitude of Scour around Bridge Piers." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003026.

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Scales involved in bridge pier scour include the Reynolds number, the Froude number, and the ratio of the pier to the sediment diameter, among others. Consequently, it is not possible to achieve perfect similitude, and thus scale effects between model and prototype arise. In fact, these scale effects distort the scour estimations typically used in hydraulic design of bridges, as scour formulas are based mainly on results from scour experiments at the laboratory scale. In this paper, proper scales of the flow, sediment, and scour are derived theoretically. The suitability of these scales to ach

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2

Zhao, D. Y., Y. F. Jin, Min Jie Wang, X. W. Sun, and M. C. Song. "Experimental Study on the Rheological Characteristics of Polymer Melts under Micro Scale Effect." Materials Science Forum 628-629 (August 2009): 429–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.628-629.429.

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The rheological characteristics of four polymer melts (PS, PMMA, PP and HDPE) are investigated by a capillary rheometer with the die diameters from 1.5mm to 0.5mm.The effects of temperature on shear viscosity and the effects of both temperature and shear rate on non-Newton exponent of melts are discussed when the die diameter is 0.5mm. The results show that the shear viscosity of four polymers decreases with the rise of shear rate. The shear viscosity of PS and PMMA increases with the decrease of die diameter, the shear viscosity of PP and HDPE decreases with die diameter and minute difference

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3

Mataram, A., Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, A. S. Mohruni, and T. Matsura. "An Investigation Effects of Electrospinning Parameters: Process Optimization by Application of Response Surface Methodology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.140.

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Effects of material and process parameters on the electrospun polyacrylonitrile fibers were experimentally investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized to design the experiments at the setting of solution concentration, voltage and the collector distance. It also imparted the evaluation of the significance of each parameter on pore size, contact angle, modulus young and clean water permeability. Effect of applied voltage in micron-scale fiber diameter was observed to be almost negligible when solution concentration and collector distance were high. However, all three factors w

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4

Gushing, Patrick, and Gerald Klingaman. "Effects of Benzyladenine, Temperature, and Bulb Diameter on Twin-scale Propagated Amaryllis." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 836A—836. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.836a.

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Four bulb sizes of Hippeastrum hybridum `Appleblossom' were twin-scale propagated, soaked in 0, 0.01, 0.1, and 0.5 g·liter–1 of benzyladenine (BA), and incubated at 15, 20, 25C and a fluctuating temperature of 31C day, 21C night. Bulbil numbers were recorded following incubation and leaf emergence after bulbils were planted. Eight weeks after bulbils were planted, bulb diameter and leaf numbers were observed. BA application had no effect on bulbil initiation. However, bulbil formation per twin-scale cutting increased as temperature (up to 25C) and mother bulb diameter increased. Bulbil diamete

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5

SIMIANO, MARCO, D. LAKEHAL, M. LANCE, and G. YADIGAROGLU. "Turbulent transport mechanisms in oscillating bubble plumes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 633 (August 25, 2009): 191–231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009006971.

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The detailed investigation of an unstable meandering bubble plume created in a 2-m-diameter vessel with a water depth of 1.5 m is reported for void fractions up to 4% and bubble size of the order of 2.5 mm. Simultaneous particle image velocity (PIV) measurements of bubble and liquid velocities and video recordings of the projection of the plume on two vertical perpendicular planes were produced in order to characterize the state of the plume by the location of its centreline and its equivalent diameter. The data were conditionally ensemble averaged using only PIV sets corresponding to plume st

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Yu, Tong Min, Hai Xin Bei, Ze Yu Yan, Bin Xu, Hua Xu, and Yu Wu. "Experimental Study on Viscous Dissipaition of Polymer Melt in Micro-Channels." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 2527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.2527.

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The polymer melts viscous dissipation effects of micro scale dimensions are different from that of macro-scale dimensions. In this paper, the temperature rises due to viscous dissipation were investigated when amorphous polymer material, PMMA, flows through several micro-channels with the diameters of 350μm, 500μm and different aspect ratios. The results indicate that, temperature rises reduce with the increase of inlet temperature of melt and increase with increasing channel’s diameter and aspect ratio at the same shear rate. The outlet temperature rises due to viscous dissipation in all micr

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7

Hao, Yuanshuo, Faris Rafi Almay Widagdo, Xin Liu, Ying Quan, Lihu Dong, and Fengri Li. "Individual Tree Diameter Estimation in Small-Scale Forest Inventory Using UAV Laser Scanning." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010024.

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Unmanned aerial vehicle laser scanning (UAVLS) systems present a relatively new means of remote sensing and are increasingly applied in the field of forest ecology and management. However, one of the most essential parameters in forest inventory, tree diameter at breast height (DBH), cannot be directly extracted from aerial point cloud data due to the limitations of scanning angle and canopy obstruction. Therefore, in this study DBH-UAVLS point cloud estimation models were established using a generalized nonlinear mixed-effects (NLME) model. The experiments were conducted using Larix olgensis

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8

Wang, Xiaoda, Yongming Wang, Fan Li, et al. "Scale-up of microreactor: Effects of hydrodynamic diameter on liquid–liquid flow and mass transfer." Chemical Engineering Science 226 (November 2020): 115838. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2020.115838.

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9

Kus, Emrah, and Yildiran Yildirim. "Laboratory Scale of Seed Damage of Coarse-Grain Depending on Groove Diameter and Depth in Roller Devices." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 37, no. 3 (2021): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aea.14484.

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HighlightsThe rate of damage to the bean seed by the grooved roller planter was determinedThe effects of planting speed, seed rate, groove diameter, and groove depth on seed damageThe most suitable groove diameter and depth were determined in bean plantingAbstract. Grooved roller planters can be used in the planting of small and large seeds when they are produced in the appropriate groove diameter and groove depth depending on the seed dimensions. In this study, the rate of damage to the dry bean seeds of the grooved roller device, which was modified and placed on the bottom of the warehouse o

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10

Li, Hui, Kaoping Song, Mingguang Tang, et al. "Determination of Scale Effects on Mechanical Properties of Berea Sandstone." Geofluids 2021 (February 9, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6637371.

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The key rock mechanical parameters are strength, elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, etc., which are important in reservoir development. The accurate determination of reservoir’s mechanical properties is critical to reduce drilling risk and maximize well productivity. Precisely estimating rock mechanical properties is important in drilling and well completion design, as well as crucial for hydraulic fracturing. Rocks are heterogeneous and anisotropic materials. The mechanical properties vary not only with rock types but also with measurement methods, sample geometric dimensions (sample length to

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11

Shahzad, K., B. A. Fleck, and D. J. Wilson. "Small Scale Modeling of Vertical Surface Jets in Cross-Flow: Reynolds Number and Downwash Effects." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 3 (2006): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2427084.

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Jet-crossflow experiments were performed in a water channel to determine the Reynolds number effects on the plume trajectory and entrainment coefficient. The purpose was to establish a lower limit down to which small scale laboratory experiments are accurate models of large scale atmospheric scenarios. Two models of a turbulent vertical surface jet (diameters 3.175mm and 12.7mm) were designed and tested over a range of jet exit Reynolds numbers up to 104. The results show that from Reynolds number 200–4000 there is about a 40% increase in the entrainment coefficient, whereas from Reynolds numb

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12

Tang, Nan, Xiuting Ju, Yafan Hu, Rulong Jia, and Daocheng Tang. "Effects of Temperature and Plant Growth Regulators on the Scale Propagation of Lilium davidii var. unicolor." HortScience 55, no. 6 (2020): 870–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14916-20.

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Scale propagation is a cost-effective and time-saving reproduction method for lily bulb production. The effects of different incubation temperatures and plant growth regulators on the scale propagation of Lilium davidii var. unicolor were investigated. The results showed that temperature influences the scale rot incidence rate, speed of scale differentiation and bulblet formation, as well as the size of bulblets. The optimum temperature for scale propagation of L. davidii var. unicolor was 30 °C. Scales incubated at 30 °C showed a lower rot incidence and faster differentiation and produced lar

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13

Iwagaki, Yuichi, and Hideaki Noda. "LABORATORY STUDY OF SCALE EFFECTS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL BEACH PROCESSES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 8 (2011): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v8.14.

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In order to disclose the essential relationship between the beach processes and wave characteristics, two dimensional model tests are often performed for beach profile changes due to incident breaking waves normal to the beach. In applying the results of such experiments to the prototype of beaches, the scale effects of waves and sediments on the beach processes with equilibrium beach profiles should necessarily be considered. In this paper, as an approach to solve this problem in two dimensional beach studies, the effects of wave height and sediment size on the shore line movement and e

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14

Ling, Zhi Yong, Ji Chang Yang, Jian Ning Ding, et al. "Experimental Study of Micro-Flowing Characteristics of Liquid Transport in Round Micro-Channels." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.29.

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Micro-flowing technique gained popular applications in microdevices of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and the performance of micro-devices is greatly determined by the properties of micro-flow. This paper studied the characteristics of different viscosity fluid flowing over microchannels with different diameters and lengths under low pressure driving, and the influence of scale effects on the flowing characteristics of low viscosity fluids was also examined. The experiments studied the flow rate–pressure characteristics of distilled water flowing over microchannels with diameter of 13

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15

Parasiz, Sunal Ahmet, Brad Kinsey, Neil Krishnan, Jian Cao, and Ming Li. "Investigation of Deformation Size Effects During Microextrusion." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 129, no. 4 (2006): 690–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2738107.

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Microextrusion has recently emerged as a feasible manufacturing process to fabricate metallic micropins having characteristic dimensions on the order of less <1mm. At this length scale, the deformation of the workpiece is dominated by the so-called size effects, e.g., material property and frictional behavior variations at small length scales. In extrusion experiments performed to produce submillimeter-sized pins having a base diameter of 0.76mm and an extruded diameter of 0.57mm, the extruded pins exhibited a curving tendency when a workpiece with a relatively coarse grain size of 211μm wa

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16

Akgün, Işık Sena, and Can Erkey. "Investigation of Hydrodynamic Behavior of Alginate Aerogel Particles in a Laboratory Scale Wurster Fluidized Bed." Molecules 24, no. 16 (2019): 2915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24162915.

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The effects of design and operating parameters on the superficial velocity at the onset of circulatory motion and the residence time of alginate aerogel particles in a laboratory scale Wurster fluidized bed were investigated. Several sets of experiments were conducted by varying Wurster tube diameter, Wurster tube length, batch volume and partition gap height. The superficial velocities for Wurster tube with 10 cm diameter were lower than the tube with 8 cm diameter. Superficial velocities increased with increasing batch volume and partition gap height. Moreover, increasing batch volume and pa

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17

Malagù, M., M. Goudarzi, A. Lyulin, E. Benvenuti, and A. Simone. "Diameter-dependent elastic properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites: Emergence of size effects from atomistic-scale simulations." Composites Part B: Engineering 131 (December 2017): 260–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.07.029.

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18

Tamura, Takahiro, and Mitsumasa Kimata. "Study on the Effects of Grinding Factor and Scaling up in Grinding Using Horizontal Dry Bead Mill." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133302015.

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Effect of grinding factor and scaling up were carried out by grinding using horizontal dry bead mill. For the experiments, 2 sizes of horizontal dry bead mills with different capacities, lab and manufacturing scale, were used to study scaling up and down. The grinding experiments were performed by changing each typical grinding factor for bead mills, including the agitator peripheral speed, bead packing density, bead diameter, and material feeding speed. This set of experiments was conducted for 3 kinds of materials, silica sand of natural inorganic materials, alumina of synthetic inorganic ma

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Tamura, Takahiro, and Mitsumasa Kimata. "Study on the Effects of Grinding Factor and Scaling up in Grinding Using Horizontal Dry Bead Mill." MATEC Web of Conferences 333 (2021): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133302015.

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Effect of grinding factor and scaling up were carried out by grinding using horizontal dry bead mill. For the experiments, 2 sizes of horizontal dry bead mills with different capacities, lab and manufacturing scale, were used to study scaling up and down. The grinding experiments were performed by changing each typical grinding factor for bead mills, including the agitator peripheral speed, bead packing density, bead diameter, and material feeding speed. This set of experiments was conducted for 3 kinds of materials, silica sand of natural inorganic materials, alumina of synthetic inorganic ma

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20

Furniss, Tucker J., Andrew J. Larson, Van R. Kane, and James A. Lutz. "Multi-scale assessment of post-fire tree mortality models." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 1 (2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18031.

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Post-fire tree mortality models are vital tools used by forest land managers to predict fire effects, estimate delayed mortality and develop management prescriptions. We evaluated the performance of mortality models within the First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) software, and compared their performance to locally-parameterised models based on five different forms. We evaluated all models at the individual tree and stand levels with a dataset comprising 34174 trees from a mixed-conifer forest in the Sierra Nevada, California that burned in the 2013 Rim Fire. We compared stand-level accuracy

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21

Farhat, Abbas, Li-Hua Luu, Pierre Philippe, and Pablo Cuéllar. "Multi-scale cohesion force measurements for cemented granular materials." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124908008.

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We experimentally investigated cohesion of artificially bonded granular materials made of spherical glass beads cemented by solid paraffin bonds. By means of laboratory tests designed and carried out for investigation at different scales, we measured the tensile yield strength for solid bonds both at the inter-particle micro-scale and cemented samples at the meso-scale. A parametric study has been performed by varying some of the granular material properties (bead diameter, paraffin content as well as the dimension of the sample for the meso-scale tensile tests. We finally propose a discusion

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22

Armaghani, Danial Jahed, Houman Sohaei, Eshagh Namazi, and Aminaton Marto. "Investigation of Uplift Capacity of Deep Foundation in Various Geometry Conditions." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 344–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801913010344.

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Background: Uplift resistance of deep foundations or piles is a critical factor for deep foundation design in several civil engineering applications such as electric transmission towers, communication towers and wind power generators. Therefore, the behavior of the pile under uplift load, together with its influential parameters, should be studied to provide a proper design. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of pile geometry, including diameter and embedment depth on the Maximum Uplift Resistance (MUR) of the small-scale piles. Methods: To achieve the aims of this st

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23

Nadgorny, Edward M., Dennis M. Dimiduk, and Michael D. Uchic. "Size effects in LiF micron-scale single crystals of low dislocation density." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 11 (2008): 2829–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0349.

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This study examines the size-dependent deformation response of pure LiF single crystals using microcompression testing. Microcrystals with an 〈001〉 orientation and sample diameter D ranging from 1 to 20 μm were fabricated by focused ion beam (FIB)-milling from bulk crystals having a low initial dislocation density. Both as-grown and γ-irradiated crystals were examined to characterize the effect of an increased point defect density on the size-affected plastic flow response. Similar to previously studied face-centered cubic (FCC)-derivative metals, both types of LiF microcrystals exhibit typica

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24

Di Nella, H., and G. Paturel. "Possible Connection between Large-scale Structures." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 12, no. 1 (1995): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000020002.

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AbstractFrom the Lyon-Meudon Extragalactic Database (LEDA) we constructed a sample of 27000 galaxies with radial velocities smaller than 15 000 kms−1. From this first sample we selected the 5683 largest galaxies, which constitute a sample complete up to the diameter limit D25 = 1·6′. This sub-sample has been used to search for the most populated plane. The result is that the plane defined by the pole (l = 52°; b= 16°) contains twice as many galaxies as would be found for randomly distributed galaxies. This plane is not far from the supergalactic plane. The distribution of galaxies in this plan

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25

Fraser, Jacob S., Wen J. Wang, Hong S. He, and Frank R. Thompson. "Modeling Post-Fire Tree Mortality Using a Logistic Regression Method within a Forest Landscape Model." Forests 10, no. 1 (2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10010025.

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Fire is a multi-scale process that is an important component in determining ecosystem age structures and successional trajectories across forested landscapes. In order to address questions regarding fire effects over large spatial scales and long temporal scales researchers often employ forest landscape models which can model fire as a spatially explicit disturbance. Within forest landscape models site-level fire effects are often simplified to the species, functional type, or cohort level due to time or computational resource limitations. In this study we used a subset of publicly available U

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26

Vesvikar, Mehul S., and Muthanna Al-Dahhan. "Effect of Scale on Hydrodynamics of Internal Gas-Lift Loop Reactor-Type Anaerobic Digester Using CFD." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 10, no. 3 (2015): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2015-0009.

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Abstract This work evaluates the ability of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the flow and predict the hydrodynamics of internal gas-lift loop reactor (IGLR)-type anaerobic digester. In addition, it also analyzes if CFD can account for the effects of operating conditions, geometry as well as scale of the reactor. For this purpose, three-dimensional two-phase CFD simulations were performed using CFX for laboratory-scale and pilot-scale IGLR. The CFD predictions were evaluated against experimental data obtained from computer automated radioactive particle tracking (CARPT). The CFD p

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27

Vergani, C., M. Schwarz, D. Cohen, J. J. Thormann, and G. B. Bischetti. "Effects of root tensile force and diameter distribution variability on root reinforcement in the Swiss and Italian Alps." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 11 (2014): 1426–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0095.

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Root reinforcement is considered to be one of the most important factors contributing to the stability of vegetated hillslopes; however, its estimation is still challenging because of the spatial variability of root distribution and root mechanical properties. This work uses the root bundle model to assess the sensitivity of root-reinforcement estimation to the variability in both root mechanical properties and root distribution. We used a large data set of root tensile tests and root distributions of an important alpine species, Picea abies (L.) Karst., collected in a wide range of altitudina

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28

Sato, Hideki, Kenichi Manabe, Tsuyoshi Furushima, Dong Bin Wei, Zheng Yi Jiang, and Sergei Alexandrov. "On the Scale Dependence of Micro Hydromechanical Deep Drawing." Key Engineering Materials 725 (December 2016): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.725.689.

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Tooling feature size to minimum thickness becomes small in micro scale products and its ratio affects the deformation behavior in micro sheet forming significantly. In this study, the effect of this relative tooling feature size on drawing characteristics and effects to improve the drawability, such as friction holding effect, hydrodynamic lubrication effect and compression effect by blank edge radial pressure, in micro hydromechanical deep drawing (MHDD) are investigated using plasticity theory and numerical simulation. The results show that the micro drawing characteristics in MHDD can be im

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29

Zongo, Floriane, Antoine Tahan, and Vladimir Brailovski. "Scale, Material Concentration, Stress Relief and Part Removal Effects on the Dimensional Behaviour of Selected AlSi10Mg Components Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 3, no. 2 (2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp3020049.

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Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is a predominant Additive Manufacturing (AM) process. While metallic LPBF is gaining popularity, one of the barriers facing its wider industrial use is the current relatively limited knowledge with respect to its dimensional and geometrical performance, as well as the inability to predict it. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the geometrical and dimensional deviations of selected LPBF-manufactured components according to the ASME Y14.5 (2009) standard. In this study, two types of axisymmetric parts (cylinder and cylindrical pyramid) were design

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30

Saeki, Masato, Takahiro Mizoguchi, and Mika Bitoh. "Particle damping: Noise characteristics and large-scale simulation." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 17 (2017): 3920–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546317716345.

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The performance of a large-scale particle damper in a vertical vibrating system was investigated experimentally and theoretically. To use particle dampers on an industrial scale, their noise characteristics must be clarified and a large-scale simulation is essential. This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of the effects of the particle material, mass ratio and diameter on the amount of noise generated by a particle damper. In the theoretical analysis, two computational methods for conducting large-scale simulations of particle damping are proposed. The validity of the

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Wang, Chun Hong, and Frank K. Ko. "Effects of Nanoclays on the Biodegradable Nanocomposite." Advanced Materials Research 148-149 (October 2010): 1722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.148-149.1722.

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Nanoclay/polylactide(PLA) nanocomposite was produced by the electrospinning process. The influences of nanoclays on the morphology and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite were investigated. The morphology and mechanical property of the nanocomposite were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microtensile testing. SEM images revealed that submicron scale nanoclay/PLA nanocomposite fibers were fabricated and the introduction of nanoclay reduced the diameter of the nanofibers and improved the uniformity of the fibers. The addition of 1% nanoclay in PLA nanofibers leaded to si

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Ziegler, Justin P., Chad M. Hoffman, Brandon M. Collins, Jonathan W. Long, Christa M. Dagley, and William Mell. "Simulated Fire Behavior and Fine-Scale Forest Structure Following Conifer Removal in Aspen-Conifer Forests in the Lake Tahoe Basin, USA." Fire 3, no. 3 (2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire3030051.

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Quaking aspen is found in western forests of the United States and is currently at risk of loss due to conifer competition at within-stand scales. Wildfires in these forests are impactful owing to conifer infilling during prolonged fire suppression post-Euro-American settlement. Here, restoration cuttings seek to impact wildfire behavior and aspen growing conditions. In this study, we explored how actual and hypothetical cuttings with a range of conifer removal intensity altered surface fuel and overstory structure at stand and fine scales. We then simulated wildfires, examining fire behavior

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Zhang, Xin, Yajuan Xing, Guoyong Yan, Shijie Han, and Qinggui Wang. "Effects of precipitation change on fine root morphology and dynamics at a global scale: a meta-analysis." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 1 (2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2018-0114.

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We compiled data from 495 observations and 103 papers and carried out a meta-analysis of the responses of fine root biomass, production, decomposition, and morphology to precipitation increases and decreases. In addition, we evaluated the effects of plant life form, soil depth, and experiment duration on the responses of fine roots to precipitation changes. Our results confirmed that decreased precipitation limited fine root diameter and accelerated turnover. Increased precipitation stimulated fine root elongation and enhanced the fine root accumulation. The responses of fine roots to precipit

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Hosseinalipour, Seyed, and Mohammadmehdi Namazi. "Study of geometrical characteristics effects on radiation properties in high porosity fibrous porous media using the pore-scale simulation and two-flux model." Thermal Science 24, no. 2 Part B (2020): 1299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180722009h.

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In the present study, the radiation properties of a high porosity fibrous medium which is used in catalytic heaters were estimated. The calculation process was based on an inverse method using pore scale simulation and two-flux model. The results showed a good agreement with available experimental results. The effects of geometrical parameters including the solid volume fraction, fibers orientation, and diameter on the radiation properties were investigated. By increasing the solid share in the fibrous porous medium, the extinction coefficient increased, in which the absorption growth rate was

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Tsaoulidis, Dimitrios, Milan Mamtora, Marta Mayals Gañet, Eduardo Garciadiego-Ortega, and Panagiota Angeli. "Scale-Up Studies for Co/Ni Separations in Intensified Reactors." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (2020): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121106.

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In this paper, the effect of the scalability of small-scale devices on the separation of Co(II) from a binary Co(II)/Ni(II) mixture in a nitric acid solution by an organic Cyanex 272/TBP/kerosene (Exxsol D80) phase is studied. In particular, circular channels with diameters of 1, 2, and 3.2 mm are considered. The results were compared against those from a confined impinging-jets (CIJ) cell with a main channel diameter of 3.2 mm. The effects of total flowrate, residence time, Cyanex 272 concentration, and flowrate ratio on the mass transfer performance were investigated. It was found that at in

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Hong, Yung Shan, Cho Sen Wu, and Chiang Sen Sun. "Geosynthetic-Encased Sand Column Behavior under Triaxial Test Simulation." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 581–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.581.

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Encasing a cylindrical granular column with tensile resistant material is proven an effective practice to improve granular column strength. Laboratory triaxial compression tests were conducted on encased granular columns to study the tensile resistant material reinforcing effects. This study explores the behavior of geosynthetic-encased sand columns using a converted approach to reduce laborious efforts. The encased column behavior is simulated by applying persistently increased chamber pressure to unreinforced sand column specimens. Three column specimen diameters, 5, 7 and 10 cm, were employ

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Zhang, Duzhou, Zhiguo Tian, Zhiqiang Chen, et al. "Compaction effects on permeability of spherical packing." Engineering Computations 37, no. 9 (2020): 3079–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-01-2020-0015.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the evolution of the permeability of spherical packing during cold compaction by pore-scale modeling. Design/methodology/approach The discrete element method (DEM) is used to generate spherical packing structure under different compressive pressures and the Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is adopted to calculate the permeability of each spherical assembly. Findings It is found that the decrease of the porosity is the main reason of the reduction in permeability in the initial compression stage, but its influence becomes insufficient in the lat

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Feldpausch, T. R., L. Banin, O. L. Phillips, et al. "Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees." Biogeosciences 8, no. 5 (2011): 1081–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1081-2011.

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Abstract. Tropical tree height-diameter (H:D) relationships may vary by forest type and region making large-scale estimates of above-ground biomass subject to bias if they ignore these differences in stem allometry. We have therefore developed a new global tropical forest database consisting of 39 955 concurrent H and D measurements encompassing 283 sites in 22 tropical countries. Utilising this database, our objectives were: 1. to determine if H:D relationships differ by geographic region and forest type (wet to dry forests, including zones of tension where forest and savanna overlap). 2. to

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Feldpausch, T. R., L. Banin, O. L. Phillips, et al. "Height-diameter allometry of tropical forest trees." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 5 (2010): 7727–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-7727-2010.

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Abstract. Tropical tree height-diameter (H:D) relationships may vary by forest type and region making large-scale estimates of above-ground biomass subject to bias if they ignore these differences in stem allometry. We have therefore developed a new global tropical forest database consisting of 39 955 concurrent H and D measurements encompassing 283 sites in 22 tropical countries. Utilising this database, our objectives were: 1. to determine if H:D relationships differ by geographic region and forest type (wet to dry forests, including zones of tension where forest and savanna overlap). 2. to

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Kang, Sung-Yong, Deokhee Won, Jong-Sup Park, Young-Jong Kang, and Seungjun Kim. "Structural Behavior of Large-Diameter Cylindrical Shell with Stiffened Opening." Metals 11, no. 9 (2021): 1413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11091413.

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In recent years, there has been a growing demand for renewable energy that is free of power generation by products to address the global climate and resource limitation crises. Wind power generation is maximizing efficiency through constant research and development, and as the use of large capacity turbines increases, the scale of supporting structure also increases. The structural maintenance of hollow towers, the supporting structure of wind turbines, requires the installation of an opening through which workers can access the tower to check corrosion, cracks, and damage to the tower body. H

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M. Malik, K., M. Q. Shiekh, I. T. Nazki, and S. A. Mir. "Influence of Storage Temperature, Storage Duration and Disbudding on Bulb Production in Asiatic Lilium cv. ‘Royal Trinity’." Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia 14, no. 2 (2017): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/2481.

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ABSTRACT: The main focus in lily cultivation has been on flowering attributes and bulb programming has not got a due attention Thus the experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different storage temperatures and durations along with the two stages of disbudding on bulb development of Asiatic lilium at AICRP floriculture research unit Regional research station Wadura. (SKUAST-K). Freshly harvested bulbs were subjected to four storage temperatures (Ambient, 40C, 00C,-40C) three durations (2, 4 and 6 weeks) and plants were disbudded at first bud appearance and third bud appearance

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Weltsch, Daniel, Calvin Chan, Kevin M. Dale, et al. "Reduction in Diameter of Hamstring Autograft With Additional Circumferential Preconditioning During ACL Reconstruction in a Pediatric Population." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 8 (2021): 232596712110254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211025497.

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Background: Over 130,000 anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions (ACLRs) are performed annually in the United States. Previous studies have shown that circumferential preconditioning reduces the diameter of fresh-frozen allografts, but no studies have described the effect in ACL autografts used during ACLR. Purpose: To characterize the changes in the hamstring autograft diameter as a result of preparatory circumferential preconditioning. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 135 patients with ACLR, with a median age of 15 years (interquartile range, 14-1

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Zou, Zhixiang, Zhongning Guo, Qinming Huang, Taiman Yue, Jiangwen Liu, and Xiaolei Chen. "Precision EDM of Micron-Scale Diameter Hole Array Using in-Process Wire Electro-Discharge Grinding High-Aspect-Ratio Microelectrodes." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010017.

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Micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) is a good candidate for processing micro-hole arrays, which are critical features of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), diesel injector nozzles, inkjet printheads and turbine blades, etc. In this study, the wire vibration of the wire electro-discharge grinding (WEDG) system has been analyzed theoretically, and, accordingly, an improved WEDG method was developed to fabricate micron-scale diameter and high-aspect-ratio microelectrodes for the in-process micro-EDM of hole array with hole diameter smaller than 20 μm. The improved method has a

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Walkden, Gordon, and Julian Parker. "The biotic effects of large bolide impacts: size versus time and place." International Journal of Astrobiology 7, no. 3-4 (2008): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1473550408004266.

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AbstractIn estimating the biotic effects of large terrestrial impacts we are reliant upon apparent crater diameter as a proxy for impact magnitude. This underlies the ‘kill-curve’ approach which graphs crater diameter directly against likely percentage losses of taxa. However, crater diameter is a complex product of syn- and post-impact processes that can be site-dependent. Furthermore, location (global positioning) and timing (moment in geological history) also strongly influence biotic effects. We examine four of our largest and best-documented Phanerozoic impacts to explore this more holist

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Singha, A. "Small-scale isotropy of orificed, perforated plate turbulence." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, no. 4 (2010): 889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1894.

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The small-scale statistics of orificed, perforated plate (OPP) turbulence was studied over a range of Reynolds numbers based on Taylor microscale, Reλ, from 23 to 108. The streamwise velocity skewness, flatness, and the velocity spectra, deduced from hot-wire measurements taken at 70 D (where D is the diameter of the holes of the OPP) downstream of the OPP confirmed the turbulence to be quasi-isotropic. Application of the extended self-similarity concept enabled the analysis of the velocity structure functions of the small-scale statistics up to the sixth order. The ESS analysis revealed a lar

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Gibb, Heloise, Jon Andersson, and Therese Johansson. "Foraging loads of red wood ants:Formica aquilonia(Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in relation to tree characteristics and stand age." PeerJ 4 (May 18, 2016): e2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2049.

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Background.Foraging efficiency is critical in determining the success of organisms and may be affected by a range of factors, including resource distance and quality. For social insects such as ants, outcomes must be considered at the level of both the individual and the colony. It is important to understand whether anthropogenic disturbances, such as forestry, affect foraging loads, independent of effects on the quality and distribution of resources. We asked if ants harvest greater loads from more distant and higher quality resources, how individual efforts scale to the colony level, and whe

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Menanzala Miambam, Eymard, Grace Jopaul Loubota Panzou, Yannick Enock Bocko, and Jean Joël Loumeto. "Fine-scale altitudinal gradients influence the relationships between structural attributes and aboveground biomass in Central Africa." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 51, no. 9 (2021): 1368–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2021-0019.

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There is increasing interest in altitude effects on structural attributes and aboveground biomass (AGB) in tropical forests. However, we continue to lack a clear understanding of relationships between structural attributes and AGB along altitudinal gradients in Central Africa. Using a new network of 76 permanent plots of 0.5 ha, the relationships between structural attributes and AGB were explored along fine-scale altitudinal gradients in the Republic of Congo. We chose four fine-scale altitudinal gradients (71–350 m, 350–550 m, 550–650 m, and 650–853 m) and measured the diameter and heights o

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Kim, Kyoungyul, Jungjoo Kim, Heehwan Ryu, et al. "Estimation Method for TBM Cutterhead Drive Design Based on Full-Scale Tunneling Tests for Application in Utility Tunnels." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155187.

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The utility tunnels used for electricity transmission are in high demand these days. The literature presents many limitations in the currently used cutterhead drive design procedure while using a shield tunnel boring machine (TBM) for the excavation of these relatively small diameter tunnels. In order to develop an appropriate design method specially for cutterhead drive, experimental data obtained through the operation of a 3560 mm diameter shield TBM were used in this research work. For experimental purpose, an earth pressure balance (EPB) shield TBM was manufactured and a facility was estab

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Coulombe-Pontbriand, M., and Michel Lapointe. "Landscape controls on boulder-rich, winter habitat availability and their effects on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr abundance in two fifth-order mountain streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 4 (2004): 648–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-023.

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We test the effect at river reach and segment scales of landscape controls on the distribution of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr densities, as well as associated variations in boulder (diameter ≥ 256 mm) abundance and potential overwintering habitat. This study encompasses data from 45 km of fifth-order mainstem channels along two neighbouring river catchments in the Gaspé region, Québec. At both scales, winter habitat availability was correlated with boulder availability. At the river segment scale (15 km), parr densities significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with boulder availability a

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Humphreys, C. J., T. J. Bullough, R. W. Devenish, D. M. Maher, and P. S. Turner. "The interaction of electron beams with solids - Some new effects." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 788–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100177076.

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It has recently been found that electron beams, of energy typically 100 keV, can damage a very wide range of solids, many of which are normally thought to be stable to electron irradiation. For example, metals, semiconductors and ceramics can all be damaged by electrons having energy less than that required for direct displacement damage. Radiation damage effects are particularly apparent when using intense electron beams from field emission guns in STEM's, TEM's and SEM's, but damage also occurs in materials thought to be stable when using electrons from LaB6, or heated W filaments. Considera

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