Academic literature on the topic 'Dian ying'

Abstract Background Molnupiravir (MOV), (MK-4482, EIDD-2801) is being clinically developed for the treatment of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. MOV is the orally administered 5′-isobutyrate prodrug of the active, antiviral ribonucleoside analogue, N-hydroxycytidine (NHC, EIDD-1931) which inhibits viral replication by induction of mutations in the viral genome, leading to viral error catastrophe. In 2 clinical studies, hospitalized (MOVe-In) and non-hospitalized (MOVe-Out) participants were treated for 5 days with MOV and followed up to Day 29. Viral RNA isolated from nasal swab samples were sequenced to determine the rate, distribution and type of viral mutations observed after MOV treatment. Methods RNA isolated from nasopharangeal swab samples collected during study conduct was quantified by RT-PCR. Samples containing >22,000 copies/mL of RNA underwent complete genome NGS using the Ion AmpliSeq SARS-CoV-2 research panel and Ion Torrent sequencing. Mutation rates were calculated by determining the number of nucleotide changes observed across the entire genome at Day 3 and/or Day 5 compared to baseline. Results Combined data from both studies showed an increase of ~2-4 fold in the viral mutation rate post-baseline in MOV treated compared with placebo. Mutations were distributed across the entire genome with only a minority being observed in more than one sample. The most frequent mutations were transitions of C to U observed in the highest MOV dose group (800 mg/BID). Conclusion Consistent with the proposed mechanism of action of MOV, an increase in the rate of transition mutations in the virus was observed in post-baseline nasal swab samples from participants treated with MOV compared with placebo. Disclosures Julie Strizki, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Jay Grobler, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Ying Zhang, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Jiejun Du, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Shunbing Zhao, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Diane Levitan, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Alex Therien, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Joan R. Butterton, MD, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. (Employee, Shareholder) Nicholas Murgolo, PhD, Merck & Co., Inc. (Employee, Shareholder)

Nanomaterials hold great potential in the development of lithium-ion microbatteries and could assist in developing ever smaller and more reliable power sources to facilitate 21st Century life. Professor Kuan-Jiuh Lin is based in the Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taiwan, and runs the Interfacial Optical-Electronic (IOE) Lab. He and his team leader Dr Wen-Yin Ko are working to address gaps in nanotechnology, including how to conquer the strong interfacial coupling between the porous semiconductor membrane and the electro-plasmon metal-surface film. Their research is expected to have broad applications across electronics and optoelectronics. In a recent project, the researchers are working to develop more efficient lithium-ion microbatteries (micro-LIBs) using active nanostructured anode materials such as carbon nanomaterials composed of porous carbon, graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The researchers have developed a lightweight and high-rate CNT-based anode system that holds great potential for fast-charging batteries. The team has also created metal-doped MnO2 nanowalls with inter-networked vertically-oriented three-dimensional (3D) porous frameworks directly onto a AgCNT modified current collector, resulting in a superior performance anode material for LIBs. The researchers also created a novel 3D porous scaffold anode material of silicon–porphyrin pearl-chain-like nanowires which was placed onto the surface of a bundled titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowire. In a world first, Lin and the team were able to achieve dial functionalities of antireflective and electrochemical properties-based anatase TiO2 nanowire devices with a high-porosity cross-linked geometry directly grown onto transparent conductive glass.

Abstract Background Remdesivir (RDV), a RNA polymerase inhibitor with potent in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2, is the only treatment with demonstrated efficacy in shortening the duration of COVID-19. Here we report regional differences in clinical outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients treated with RDV, as part of an open-label, randomized phase-3 trial establishing RDV treatment duration. Methods Hospitalized patients with oxygen saturation ≤94%, a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR in the past 4 days and radiographic evidence of pneumonia were randomized 1:1 to receive 5d or 10d of intravenous RDV. We compared d14 clinical outcomes of patients from different geographical areas, as measured by mortality rates, change in clinical status from baseline (BL) on a 7-point ordinal scale and change in O2 requirements from BL. Based on previous analyses in compassionate use data showing region as an important predictor of outcome, Italy was examined separately from other regions. Results 397 patients were treated with RDV, of which 229 (58%) were in the US, 77 (19%) Italy, 61 (15% in Spain), 12 (3%) Republic of Korea, 9 (2%) Singapore, 4 (1%) Germany, 4 (1%) Hong Kong and 1 (< 1%) Taiwan. BL clinical status was worse in Italy compared to other regions (72% vs 17% requiring high-flow oxygen delivery or higher), and Italian patients were more likely to be male than patients from other regions (69% vs 63%). Overall results showed 5d RDV was as effective as 10d. Mortality at d14 was higher in Italy (18%) compared to all other countries except Italy (7%). Similarly, clinical improvement at d14, measured as ≥2-point increase in the ordinal scale, was lower in Italian patients (39%) compared to all other countries combined (64%). (Fig.1). Figure 1. Change from Baseline in Clinical Status (measured on a 7-point Ordinal Scale) at d14. Conclusion Overall, our results demonstrate significant geographical differences in the clinical course of severe COVID-19 patients treated with RDV. We observed worse outcomes, such as increased mortality and lower rate of clinical improvement, in patients from Italy compared to other regions. Disclosures George Diaz, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Jose Ramon Arribas, MD, Alexa (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees)Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees)Janssen (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees)Merck (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees)Viiv Healthcare (Advisor or Review Panel member, Speaker’s Bureau, Other Financial or Material Support, Personal fees) Jose Ramon Arribas, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Philip A. Robinson, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Anna Maria Cattelan, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Karen T. Tashima, MD, Bristol-Myers Squibb (Research Grant or Support)Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)GlaxoSmithKline (Research Grant or Support)Merck (Research Grant or Support)Tibotec (Research Grant or Support)Viiv Healthcare (Research Grant or Support) Owen Tak-Yin Tsang, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Owen Tak-Yin Tsang, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Yao-Shen Chen, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Yao-Shen Chen, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Devi SenGupta, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Elena Vendrame, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Christiana Blair, MS, Gilead Sciences (Employee, Shareholder) Anand Chokkalingam, PhD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Anu Osinusi, MD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Diana M. Brainard, MD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Bum Sik Chin, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Bum Sik Chin, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Christoph Spinner, MD, AbbVie (Advisor or Review Panel member, Other Financial or Material Support, Travel)Bristol-Myers Squibb (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member, Other Financial or Material Support, Travel)Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator, Advisor or Review Panel member, Other Financial or Material Support, Travel)Janssen (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member, Other Financial or Material Support, Travel)MSD (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member, Other Financial or Material Support, Travel)Viiv Healthcare (Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member, Other Financial or Material Support, Travel) Gerard J. Criner, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Regeneron (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Gerard J. Criner, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Jose Muñoz, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA David Chien Boon Lye, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) David Chien Boon Lye, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Robert L. Gottlieb, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator)

Abstract Background Remdesivir (RDV) has been shown to shorten recovery time and was well tolerated in patients with severe COVID-19. Here we report safety of RDV in patients with moderate COVID-19. Methods We conducted an open-label, phase 3 trial (NCT04252664) in hospitalized patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, evidence of pulmonary infiltrates, and oxygen saturation >94% on room air. Patients were randomly assigned to receive RDV (5 or 10 days) or standard of care (SOC). RDV was dosed intravenously at 200 mg on day 1, 100 mg daily thereafter. Adverse events (AEs) and laboratory abnormalities were evaluated through the day 11 data cut; safety data through day 28 will be presented at the meeting. Results 584 patients were randomized and treated (5d RDV: n=191; 10d RDV, n=193; SOC: n=200). Baseline characteristics were balanced among groups; median (range) age was 57y (12-95y), 39% were female and 19% Black, 39% had arterial hypertension, 15% hyperlipidemia, 11% asthma. Briefly, across both the 5d and 10d arms, RDV was well tolerated with a similar rate of Grade 3 or 4 AEs and fewer SAEs compared to SOC (Table). AEs more common with RDV vs SOC included nausea, headache, and hypokalemia. Overall, across the 3 arms, incidence of AEs leading to discontinuation and death were low and no clinically relevant changes in laboratory parameters were observed. In addition, median changes in renal and liver function tests from baseline were not statistically significant between the RDV 5d and RDV 10d groups compared to the SOC only group at d14 (Table 1). Table 1. Conclusion RDV given for 5d or 10d was well tolerated in patients with moderate COVID-19. No clinically significant safety signals were observed with RDV vs SOC. Disclosures Gerard J. Criner, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator)Regeneron (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Gerard J. Criner, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Mi Young Ahn, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Gregory Huhn, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Grant/Research Support, Scientific Research Study Investigator)Janssen (Grant/Research Support)Proteus (Grant/Research Support)US National Institutes of Health (Grant/Research Support)Viiv Healthcare (Grant/Research Support) Aruna Subramanian, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Carlos Lumbreras, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Stefan Schmiedel, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Robert H. Hyland, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Vithika Suri, PhD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Huyen Cao, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Hongyuan Wang, PhD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Devi SenGupta, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Employee, Shareholder) Anand Chokkalingam, PhD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Anu Osinusi, MD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Diana M. Brainard, MD, Gilead Sciences (Employee) Yao-Shen Chen, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Yao-Shen Chen, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA Huldrych Günthard, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) D Jose Sanz-Moreno, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Judith A. Aberg, MD, Theratechnology (Consultant) Emanuele Nicastri, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Owen Tak-Yin Tsang, MD, Gilead Sciences Inc. (Scientific Research Study Investigator) Owen Tak-Yin Tsang, MD, NO DISCLOSURE DATA