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Academic literature on the topic 'Diaphragme (anatomie) – Exploration fonctionnelle'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diaphragme (anatomie) – Exploration fonctionnelle"
Jutand, Luce. "Fatigue et contrôle des muscles inspiratoires à l'exercice." Poitiers, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT2276.
Full textThis work aimed firstly to determine the duration and intensity of the exercice inducing diaphragmatic central fatigue. We tested the presence of the diaphragmatic central fatigue for three exercice durations (5,15 and 40 minutes) keeping the same intensity of exercice (55% of V̇O2max). The diaphragmatic central fatigue was present for a duration of 40 minutes. This fatigue would settle in progressively with time. On a second time, we checked if the exercice intensity influenced this fatigue. We checked the presence of diaphragmatic central fatigue for different intensities of exercice (40%, 55%, 75% of V̇O2max) keeping the same duration (15 minutes). The central diaphragmatic fatigue was absent, whatever the intensity of exercice. In a third work, we studied the ventilatory control during exercice. We checked if premotor potentials, which are evidences of the premotor cortex activation, were present during exercices of different intensities (40% et 70% of V̇O2max) and during a moderate exercice with resistive inspiratory load (40% de V̇O2max with a load of 5cmH2O). We did not observe any premotor preinspiratory activity, suggestive of an absence of cortical contribution of human ventilation during exercise
Vinit, Stéphane. "Plasticité post-lésionnelle du réseau nerveux respiratoire : analyse fonctionnelle et moléculaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX30073.
Full textThis doctoral work focuses on anatomo-functional and/or molecular plasticity processes after unilateral high spinal cord injury leading to respiratory deficit. A spinal cord injury restricted to the lateral area was sufficient to abolish hemidiaphragm activity. However, after short post-lesional time-lapse (7 days), an ipsilateral phrenic activity was detected that depends on crossed spinal pathways located laterally in the contralateral spinal cord and on ipsilateral afferents. After 3 months post-injury, this phrenic activity was reinforced by new active median bulbospinal pathways. At the molecular level, the respiratory axotomized neurons (and some non-axotomized neurons) express c-Jun after a spinal cord injury, revealing an intrinsic plasticity potential. Around the spinal injury, the levels of plasticity associated proteins (GAP-43 and BDNF) decreased. These results demonstrate that the respiratory system is endowed with an important plasticity potential after spinal cord injury with interesting potentialities for testing repair strategies
DESCAMPS, CHRISTINE. "Exploration echo-urodynamique du bas appareil urinaire feminin normal : etude anatomique et fonctionnelle chez vingt-cinq sujets temoins." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CLF11032.
Full textHilt, Benoit. "Acquisition et traitement automatique de la pression buccale lors d'une interruption du débit respiratoire : estimation de la pression alvéolaire pour la mesure de la résistance des voies aériennes." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL054N.
Full textAmong others, investigation on hum an respiratory function involves the evaluation of its mechanical features. We built up a device for the measurement of the airway resistance and we integrated it ioto a device designed to investigate most mechanical parameters of the respiratory system. An evaluation of the alveolar pressure IS necessary to the determination of the aIrway resistance (Raw = (P Avl-P Mouth) / Airflow). Measurement of the airflow is rather easy but the evaluation of the alveolar pressure requires the use of an indirect method. One of these indirect methods consists in an sudden short airflow interruption. After the alveolar-mouth pressure equilibration, the alveolar pressure is evaluated from the mouth pressure. The present work deals, first, with the transitionnal perturbation accuracy after the airway occlusion. After words, we observed the alveolar-mouth pressure equilibration during interruptions on a lung simulator. The transitory perturbation was modelized by the thoery of the "coup de bélier". It recieved partial confirmation through altering the length of the alveolo-mouth connection, the elastance of trus walls and density of the gaz put into the simulator. Later on, we demonstrated that alveolo-mouth equilibration results from the transfer of a smalI amount of gaz (usually few milliliters which requires less th an 2 ms). It result from this work and its theoretical background (dynamic vs static analysis) that the alveoIar pressure can be measured whatever the physioIogical or pathologicaI onditions. The final exhibition of the measurements (mouth barograms) should allow easy access to pathoIogicaI resistance. This method is fillally iocluded into a precommercial device for the measurement of severaI other mechanical parameters of the respiratory system. We concluded about the possibilities on further research about the measurement of the alrway resistance through trus method and its use for clinical purposes
Meric, Henri. "Exploration de la fonction respiratoire des patients neuromusculaires à partir d’une analyse en trois dimensions (3D) du mouvement de la paroi thoracoabdominale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV095/document.
Full textThis work is divided into two parts : the first part is to developand validate a technical exploration of respiratory function using motioncapturetools of the chest and abdomen in three dimensions. Innovation isthe application of a method of calculation of underlying lung volumes notyet used with this technique. The second part is to highlight the medicalinterest of this technique for clinical use in targeted respiratory pathologiesand/or specific medical conditions.First and following a literature review of methods of exploration of respiratoryfunction by optoelectronics measure we have proposed a new methodto compute respiratory volumes of motion capture of thoracoabdominalwall. This method takes into account the movements of the thoracoabdominalsurface of the wall. A comparison between this new method, optoelectronicstandard approach and spirometry (Reference method) showsthat this new method allows an accurate assessment of respiratory volumes.Secondly, once the issue of metrological sufficiently accurate measurementof volumes validated, we looked at the clinical interest of enhancing thecontribution of the different compartments of the thoracoabdominal wallin the breakdown of muscular dystrophy patients and mechanically ventilatedsubjects. An initial study on a population of patients with acid maltasedeficiency, for the identification of the diaphragmatic dysfunction was performed.Thus we have demonstrated that the contribution of the abdominalarea for ventilation is correlated with invasive indices transdiaphragmaticpressures. This now allows us to follow the evolution of diaphragmaticfunction of these patients noninvasively. A second study was the analysis ofthe abdominal contribution to the ventilation when the latter is mechanicallyassisted. Thus we have seen that mechanical ventilation decreased abdominalcontribution, whatever the method of ventilatory assistance used,suggesting a decrease in diaphragmatic activity under mechanical ventilationand thus confirm a mechanical ventilation efficiency. A third studyon the patient with Duchenne de Boulogne has quantified the short-termeffects of blowing maneuvers and exsufflation on unassisted mobility ofthe rib cage. Thus we observed immediately after these maneuvers, betterexpansion and balancing this thoracoabdominal expansion during inspirationand maximum expiration. This calls for a more systematic use of thesetechniques every day in the care of this population, particularly for thosewith disharmony of thoracoabdominal movement.This work allows us to offer this new exploration to follow evolving diseasesaffecting the respiratory mechanics and impact of specific treatmentsand to envisage an industrial application of this new measurementtool
Mertens, Patrick. "Étude de l'anatomie de la corne dorsale de la moëlle spinale chez l'homme "in vivo" : mise au point de techniques d'exploration morphologique par imagerie en résonance magnétique et d'exploration fonctionnelle par microdialyse." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T229.
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