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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diarrhea in children - Thesis'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Labay, Erwin M. Bhuiyan Shafi Ullah. "Risk factors relating to the diarrheal disease occurrence among under 5 children at Samut Sakhon Province, Thailand /." Abstract, 2007. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2550/cd399/4937998.pdf.

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2

Adji, Seno Charnchudhi Chanyasanha. "Factors related to mother's behavior in order to give ORS to children under five years old at Kuma Health Center, Indonesia /." Abstract, 2005. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2548/cd375/4737944.pdf.

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3

Rocha, Myrna Santos. "Características clínicas e frequência de diarreia por norovírus em crianças hospitalizadas, vacinadas e não vacinadas contra rotavírus Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, 2004-2009." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4862.

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Os norovírus (NV) são uma importante causa de hospitalização infantil. Crianças internadas por gastroenterite por NV (GENV) são consideradas portadoras de diarreia grave. O objetivo desse estudo, realizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, é descrever as características clínicas e a frequência da diarreia por NV em crianças hospitalizadas, comparando as taxas de detecção de NV em crianças vacinadas e não vacinadas contra rotavírus (Rotarix). Foram coletadas 659 amostras de fezes de igual número de crianças e encaminhadas para análise pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase, precedida de transcrição reversa no período de janeiro de 2004 a dezembro de 2009. O percentual de amostras positivas para os NV foi de 27,3% nesse período. Das 180 amostras positivas para NV, 55% tiveram origem na comunidade (aqCo) e 45% foram de aquisição nosocomial (aqNo). O percentual de GENV nos dois anos anteriores (2004 e 2005) à introdução da vacina Rotarix foi de 28,3%, sendo 11,3% o percentual de amostras aqCo. Nos dois anos posteriores (2008 e 2009), a GENV significou 24,4%, e as amostras aqCo foram 14,9% (p<0,05). Em 647 crianças, 494 não receberam a vacina Rotarix, enquanto 151 crianças receberam, pelo menos, uma dose. O percentual de GENV foi de 23,8% e 39,7%, respectivamente (p<0,05). Apesar do comportamento sazonal dos casos de GENV aqCo, esse fato não teve significância estatística. Das 180 crianças, 61,6% tinham peso ≤ p10 do NCHS, 82,2% tinham idade ≤ 5anos. As crianças com idade ≤ 2 anos foram mais acometidas nos casos de aqCo do que àquelas de aqNo (p<0,05). Foram observados em 82 crianças: vômitos (73,2%), febre (54,9%), tosse (20,7%), coriza (2,2%), sangue nas fezes (8,5%), erupção cutânea (4,9%) e broncoespasmo (7,3%). Houve significância estatística com relação à frequência maior de febre, coriza, tosse e broncoespasmo nas crianças com GENV de aqCo do que naquelas de aqNo (p<0,05). De 69 crianças, 73,9% apresentaram desidratação e, dessas, 76,5% necessitaram de hidratação venosa. Esses dados tiveram significância estatística, representada por maiores percentuais nas crianças com GENV de aqCo do que naquelas de aqNo (p<0,05). Esse estudo demonstra que os NV foram um importante agente etiológico nos casos de gastroenterites em crianças hospitalizadas e responsável por altas taxas de infecções nosocomiais. Estatisticamente, não foi comprovada uma tendência de aumento dos casos de GENV no período do estudo, como também do aumento da frequência de GENV nos anos posteriores em relação aos anos anteriores à introdução da vacina Rotarix no Brasil em 2006. No entanto, houve significância estatística quando foi avaliado o percentual de GENV em crianças hospitalizadas vacinadas e não vacinadas contra RV. Um aumento dos casos de GENV em crianças poderá vir a acontecer nos próximos anos, quando é esperado que um número maior de crianças será vacinado contra RV. Tosse, coriza e broncoespasmo são sintomas que devem ser mais detalhadamente investigados. Estratégias de prevenção contra a disseminação dos NV são condutas importantes em unidades de internação. Uma vacina eficaz contra norovírus pode ser um benefício significativo para reduzir o percentual de crianças hospitalizadas por diarreia.<br>Noroviruses (NV) are a major cause of infant hospitalization. Children hospitalized for gastroenteritis NV (NVGE) are considered to have severe diarrhea. The purpose of this study, conducted in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is to describe the clinical characteristics and frequency of norovirus diarrhea in hospitalized children, comparing the rates of detection of NV in vaccinated and unvaccinated children against rotavirus (RV). We collected 659 fecal samples from equal numbers of children and sent for analysis by polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription from January 2004 to December 2009. The percentage of samples positive for NV was 27.3% in this period. Of the 180 samples positive for NV, 55% meant source community (Coaq) and 45% of nosocomial acquisition (Noaq). The percentage of NVGE the previous two years (2004 and 2005) the introduction of the vaccine against RV was 28.3% and 11.3% represented the percentage of samples Coaq. In the two subsequent years (2008 and 2009), NVGE meant to 24.4%, and the samples were Coaq 14.9% (p <0.05). In 647 children, 494 received no vaccine against RV while 151 children received at least one dose. The percentage of NVGE was 23.8% and 39.7%, respectively (p <0.05). Despite the seasonal behavior of NVGE aqCo cases, this did not reach statistical significance. Of the 180 children, 61.6% had weight ≤ p10 NCHS, 82.2% were aged ≤ 5 years old. Children aged ≤ 2 years were most affected in cases of Coaq than those of Noaq (p <0.05). Were observed in 82 children: vomiting (73.2%), fever (54.9%), cough (20.7%), coryza (2.2%), blood in stools (8.5%), rash (4.9%) and bronchospasm (7.3%). There was statistical significance with respect to the higher frequency of fever, coryza, coughing and wheezing in children with NVGE of Coaq than those of Noaq (p <0.05). Of 69 children, 73.9% had dehydration and of these, 76.5% required intravenous hydration. These data were statistically significant, represented by the highest percentage of children with NVGE of Coaq than those of Noaq (p <0.05). This study demonstrates that the NV were an important etiologic agent in cases of gastroenteritis in hospitalized children and responsible for high rates of nosocomial infections. Statistically, , it was not shown a tendency to increase in cases of NVGE during the study period, as well as the increased frequency NVGE in later years relative to years prior to the introduction of RV vaccine in Brazil. However, statistical significance was assessed as the percentage of NVGE in hospitalized children vaccinated and unvaccinated against RV. An increase in cases of children in NVGE could happen in the next few years, when it is expected that a greater number of children will be vaccinated against RV. Cough, coryza and wheezing are symptoms that should be further investigated. Strategies for preventing the spread of NV are important conduits in inpatient units. An effective vaccine against norovirus can be a significant benefit to reduce the percentage of children hospitalized for diarrhea.

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4

Zheng, Bojian. "A prospective study of rotavirus infections /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19671672.

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5

Byers, Stacey Renee. "Bovine viral diarrhea virus : evaluation of persistent infections, acute transmission, and vaccination protection in alpacas." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/s_byers_041509.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A. in veterinary science)--Washington State University, May 2009.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on Apr. 23, 2010). "Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-89).

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6

Casswall, Thomas. "Passive immunisation as therapy for gastrointestinal infections in children /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3862-8/.

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7

Quinn, Amy Elizabeth. "Diarrhea likelihood in Ghanaian children a study of the association between diarrhea and water and sanitation infrastructure /." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2009. http://worldcat.org/oclc/449145878/viewonline.

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8

Shah, Kiran. "Molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses isolated from hospitalised children in Melbourne, Australia." Swinburne Research Bank, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/20798.

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Thesis (PhD) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2007.<br>Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology - 2007. Typescript. "September 2007". Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-204).

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9

Martinez, Teran Mercedes Leticia 1960. "MATERNAL BELIEFS AND FEEDING PRACTICES CONCERNING CHILDHOOD DIARRHEA AMONG MEXICANS." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276571.

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10

Sarker, Shafiqul Alam. "Passive immunotherpy and probiotic agents in enteric infections in children /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7357-049-4/.

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11

Chen, Ying. "Epidemiological analysis of inpatient cases of rotavirus diarrhea in a children's hospital in Guangzhou, China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42994056.

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12

Bisi-Johnson, Mary Adejumoke. "Molecular characterization, antibiograms and antibacterial activities of selected medicinal plants against some enteric pathogens." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1006643.

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Diarrhea diseases remain one of the greatest health problems in many parts of the world. In some cases, the disease is mild and self-limiting; however, the symptoms may be very severe in the elderly and young children (Smith and Cheasty, 1998), as well as in immune compromised patients such as HIV/AIDS patients. The disease is one of the hallmarks of HIV/AIDS in developing countries and is also a cardinal clinical manifestation of water borne infections (Obi et al., 2007). According to a World Health Organization report (WHO, 2004), diarrhea was rated second, after respiratory infections out of the eight deadliest diseases worldwide and was responsible for 1.8 million deaths per year. This infectious disease which can cause dehydration is primarily a symptom of gastrointestinal infection, but chemical irritation of the gut or non-infectious bowel disease can also result in diarrhoe. Studies have shown that the predominant causative agents of acute and persistent diarrhoe are Gram-negative rods such as Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, Salmonella species, Shigella species, Plesiomonas shigelloides and Yersinia enterocolitica (Obi et al., 1995, 1998, 2003; Lainson and Silva, 1999; Coker et al., 2002; Oyofo et al., 2002). Aside from bacterial agents of diarrhoea, other causative pathogens include protozoa such as Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum; viruses such as norwalk virus and rota virus. Although fungal agents such as Candida have been shown to be prevalent in children with diarrhoe (Enweani et al. 1994), a more recent study (Forbes et al., 2001), associated higher Candida counts with recent antibiotic use. Faecal concentrations of Candida were higher in patients with diarrhoe, but the study confirmed no association between faecal candida or other yeasts and diarrhoe. Norwalk viruses, calci-like viruses and rota viruses are the major viral agents of diarrhoe. According to Parashar et al., (2006), rota virus is the leading cause of diarrhoe hospitalisation among children worldwide, causing 440,000 annual deaths in children under 5 years of age.

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13

Vilchez, Rugama Bayardo Samuel. "Molecular and phenotypic characterization of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli from Nicaraguan children." Stockholm : Division of Laboratory Medecine, Karolinska Institutet, 2009. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2009/978-91-7409-718-4/.

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14

Zaghloul, Sahar Saad. "Impact of diarrhea on growth velocity in Egyptian infants." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186010.

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Weight velocity of 34 Egyptian infants aged two to thirteen months was examined before, during, and after 43 diarrheal episodes. The study was conducted in Bolaq El Dakrour, a poor neighborhood in metropolitan Cairo, during the summer of 1990. Weight measurements, food intake, morbidity, and socio-demographic-economic-sanitary data were collected. Diarrhea was reported according to mothers' definitions. A local reference population was constructed based on the criteria that: infants were from the same neighborhood, of the same age and sex, and were reported diarrhea-free when study infants were reported sick. Weight velocity during diarrheal episodes was 16 g/d lower than before illness and 15 g/d lower than reference infants. One-month post-illness weight velocity was similar to pre-illness weight velocity, with no evidence of catch-up growth. Illness severity indices, namely the number of symptoms or illnesses experienced, number of stools/day, and presence of blood in stool were strong predictors of velocity during and one-month post-illness. Breastfeeding had a positive influence on weight velocity during illness. Consumption of rice, macaroni and vegetables was negatively associated with weight velocity during and one month after illness. Weight gain in the month following the episode was positively associated with a higher level of formal education and occupation of fathers, negatively with the presence of adults above 50 years of age in the household, and a greater age difference between the parents. Percent of time sick with fever had a negative impact on long-term weight velocity. Thus in this population, the effect of diarrhea on weight gain velocity is transient, catch-up growth does not occur, and infants fed solid food suffer the most weight loss. Thus, it is possible that effective nutritional intervention will reduce growth faltering.

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15

Vaca, Tanya. "Relacion del estado nutricional con las enfermedades diarreicas agudas de los niños menores de cinco años de las etnias ind'igena, negra y mestiza del area rural de la provincia de Imbabura 1998-1999 /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1999. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/Benson,4194.

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16

Nguyen, Kieu Uyen Sombat Treeprasertsuk. "Clinical manifestations of patients admitted with acute diarrhea at Samut Sakhon provincial hospital : a prospective study /." Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/4538031.pdf.

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17

Phung, Duc Thuan Yupaporn Wattanagoon. "Clinical manifestations of patients admitted with acute diarrhea at Samut Sakhon Provincial Hospital : a retrospective study /." Abstract, 2003. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2546/4538030.pdf.

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18

McMenamy, Carol J. "Decreasing nighttime fears in children: a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 1987. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2137.

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The purpose of the study was to find out if children ages 4- 5 who were experiencing nighttime fears could be taught coping behaviors to decrease their fears. Five children and their parents participated in the study. A treatment package consisting of teaching the children brave self- statements, relaxation exercises, and the introduction of a token economy was used. Results indicate a reduction in fear behavior at post treatment, and further decreases in fear related measures at follow- up.

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19

Dahl, Helena. "Mothers’ treatment seeking behavior for children with diarrhea: a cross-sectional study in Zambia." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41720.

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According to WHO, diarrhea disease is the second leading cause of death worldwide for children under five. Around 525 000 children under five are killed every year by diarrhea. Most deaths from diarrhea occur among children less than 2 years of age living in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. With a comprehensive strategy that ensures all children in need receive critical prevention and treatment measures it is possible to save the lives of millions of children at risk of death from diarrhea. The aim of this study was to identify what kind of treatment has been given to under-five children with symptoms of diarrhea and what kind of care the respondent sought in Zambia, a low-income country. Method: A cross-sectional study with secondary data from Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS). The first-born child under five with diarrhea the last two weeks was selected in this study, to analyze what kind of treatment was given when showing symptoms of diarrhea. Out of the first-born children (n=7048) we found that 1 289 children had diarrhea during the last two weeks before the survey. Result: Of children having diarrhea 80% received some kind of treatment. Thirty eight percent of the children with diarrhea symptoms was given zinc and 67% was given pre-packaged Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS). The first place to seek treatment for the child’s diarrhea was at the Government Health Center (66%)followed by 18% that sought treatment at the Government Health Post. Conclusion: This study showed that the treatment and care seeking behavior for caregivers to under-5 children with diarrhea is of public health concern. Less than half of the children receives zinc as a treatment and 67% receives prepacked ORS. There is a need for education and awareness on the efficacy of ORS and especially zinc in preventing diarrhoea mortality and contribute to the UN Sustainable Development Goals target 3.2.<br><p>Betyg i Ladok 210314.</p>

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20

Chen, Ying, and 陈英. "Epidemiological analysis of inpatient cases of rotavirus diarrhea in achildren's hospital in Guangzhou, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42994056.

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21

Roongrasamee, Soisangwan Wanpen Chaicumpa. "Rapid diagnosis of shigellosis /." Abstract, 1999. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2542/42E-RoongrasameeS.pdf.

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22

Zheng, Bojian, and 鄭伯建. "A prospective study of rotavirus infections." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3123401X.

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23

Moshal, David Clive, and David Clive Moshal. "Single frequency whole-body impedance studies in children with diarrhoeal disease and development of a variable frequency system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24955.

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Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of infant mortality in this and other developing countries. The assessment of the degree of dehydration in these children is often based on subjective findings alone. These have been shown to be inaccurate as an assessment of the degree of dehydration. Whole-body impedance (WBI) is a method of measuring total body water which is used to assess body composition. This WBI technology, which operates at a single frequency, has been applied to the assessment of dehydration in children with diarrhoeal disease. The normal range of WBI was determined on a group of normally hydrated children and was found to have a mean of 746 Ω, a standard deviation of 85 Ω and 95 % confidence interval for the mean from 720 Ω to 772 Ω. WBI did not depend on age, mass, height or sex. The WBI of a group of children dehydrated from infantile gastroenteritis was measured both before and after rehydration. The dehydrated group had a mean WBI on admission of 1089 Ω and a standard deviation of 149 Ω with a 95 % confidence interval for the mean from 950 Ω to 1109 Ω. This value was significantly greater than that of the normal group. The WBI of the dehydrated group after rehydration was not significantly different from the normal group. In addition a variable frequency bioimpedance analyser was designed and tested. It was found to have an error of less than 1 % over the frequency range 1 to 100 kHz. The device was evaluated on 11 normal and dehydrated children. Four dehydrated children were tested before and after rehydration and this data was compared to a standard electrical model for WBI. It was found that the model could represent the measured data over this frequency range. The extracellular resistive element of the model was mainly responsible for the changes seen during rehydration, suggesting that dehydration in gastroenteritis is mainly due to fluid loss from the ECF compartment.

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24

Brom-Pierzina, Jane. "Bias in children." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999brompierzinaj.pdf.

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25

Schilling, Katharine A. "Characteristics and Etiology of Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea of Acute, Prolonged Acute, and Persistent Duration among Children Less than 5 Years Old in Rural Western Kenya, 2008-2010." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/146.

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Worldwide, diarrheal disease is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years old. Data on diarrhea of extended duration is limited. We described the characteristics associated with acute, prolonged acute and persistent diarrhea in Kenyan children less than 5 years of age participating in the Global Enterics Multicenter Study. Children presenting at a clinic were enrolled if they met the case definition for acute moderate-to-severe diarrhea defined as >3 loose stools in the last 24 hrs, within 7 days of illness onset, with >1 of the following: sunken eyes, skin tenting, dysentery, IV rehydration, or hospitalization. To determine diarrhea duration, the child’s caretaker was asked to recall the number of days the child had diarrhea in the 7 days pre-enrollment, and to record each day of diarrhea post-enrollment on a form for 14 days. Stool specimens were collected at enrollment, and the post-enrollment form was collected during a home visit. We defined acute diarrhea (AD) as <6 days>duration, prolonged acute diarrhea (ProD) as 7-13 days, and persistent diarrhea (PD) as >14 days. From January 31, 2008 to January 24, 2010, 557 children with acute moderate-to-severe diarrhea were enrolled. Using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Cox Proportional Hazards Model we examined the relationship between the duration of diarrhea by gender, age, and various etiologic agents. We found no association between gender and the duration of diarrhea. Age was associated with diarrhea of extended duration; children less than or equal to 11 months of age were 1.3 times more likely to experience diarrhea of longer duration than their counterparts. We found Cryptosporidium to be more associated with ProAD and PD. Children infected with Cryptosporidium were 1.5 to 1.7 times more likely to have diarrhea with a longer duration than their counterparts. Based on these results, interventions related to diarrhea and diarrhea of extended duration should focus more closely on young children, especially children less than 24 months of age.

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26

Sanborn, Kimberly M. "Nocturnal enuresis in children." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002sanbornk.pdf.

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27

Liando, T. Grace Wassana Im-em. "Exclusive breastfeeding and infant morbidity in Indonesia /." Abstract, 2004. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2547/cd369/4638503.pdf.

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28

Rasmussen, Diane. "Nutrition, physical activity and health assessment of school age children in Menomonie, Wisconsin." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007rasmussend.pdf.

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29

Brewer, Brenda. "Children growing up with biases." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000brewerb.pdf.

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30

DeLap, Hilary. "Personal readiness for marriage in adult children of alcoholics and adult children of non-alcoholics." Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000delaph.pdf.

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31

Burton, Colia Christine Danyelle. "Resource manual for parents of Black biracial children and/or parents of Black adopted children." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999burton.pdf.

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32

OriÃ, Reinaldo Barreto. "APOE genotyping and its association with cognitive deficits in children with diarrhea and malnutrition in the Northeast-Brazil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2004. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=20.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>Polymorphisms in the apolipoprotein E (APOE) have constituted the major rationale to identify potential risk groups for developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease and help to predict recovery of cognitive function after brain injury. However, the APOE impact on cognitive development in children living in poor areas of the developing world, where we have discovered profound significant associations of early childhood diarrhea (at 0-2 yo) with lasting impairments of growth, cognition and school performance, is not known. Therefore, we conducted APOE genotyping in 72 Brazilian shantytown children under active surveillance since birth, using purified DNA extracted from buccal cell samples. We found a high frequency of APOE4 alleles (18% vs 9-11% expected) in children with lower diarrhea burdens. When we examined the children who experienced the heavier diarrhea burdens (+/- median of 7 illnesses in the first 2 years of life), those with APOE4 did significantly better in the coding subtest (39 +/- 9.9; n=7, p=0.01), when compared with APOE4 negative children with similar diarrhea burdens (25 +/- 12.7; n=27). Positive correlations between the APOE4 occurrence and coding scores remained even after adjusting for family income, maternal education and breast-feeding (p<0.05). Moreover, the APOE4 positive group, under heavy burdens of diarrhea, preserved semantic fluency and the mean difference in fluency scores (DIFF), n=73, p=0.025, a standardized coefficient for disproportional verbal fluency impairment. Our findings show that APOE4 is relatively common in children from the GonÃalves Dias Community in the Northeast Brazil and suggest a protective role of APOE4 allele in children with a history of heavy burdens of diarrhea in their first 2 years of life.<br>Os polimorfismos da apolipoproteÃna E (APOE) tÃm se constituÃdo no principal mÃtodo para identificar grupos de risco para desenvolver a doenÃa de Alzheimer de inÃcio tardio e para servir de prognÃstico da recuperaÃÃo da funÃÃo cognitiva apÃs traumatismo craniano. Entretanto, o impacto da APOE no desenvolvimento cognitivo de crianÃas de Ãreas pobres do Brasil, onde nÃs jÃ temos encontrado associaÃÃes profundas e significativas entre os eventos de diarrÃia infantil precoce (aos 0-2 anos de idade) com o comprometimento duradouro do crescimento, cogniÃÃo e performance escolar, nÃo Ã ainda conhecido. Portanto, nÃs conduzimos um estudo da genotipagem da APOE em 72 crianÃas da Comunidade GonÃalves Dias, em Fortaleza, Nordeste do Brasil, acompanhadas por um projeto coorte desde o nascimento, utilizando DNA extraÃdo de amostras de cÃlulas bucais. Nesse trabalho, encontramos uma elevada freqÃÃncia dos alelos da APOE4 (18% vs 9-11% esperada) em crianÃas com baixa morbidade de diarrÃia. Quando avaliamos as crianÃas que apresentaram elevada morbidade de diarrÃia (+/- mediana de 7 episÃdios nos primeiros 2 anos de vida), Ãquelas portadores do alelo APOE4 mostraram uma melhor performance cognitiva no subteste de coding (39 +/- 9,9; n=7, p=0,01), quando comparadas com crianÃas negativas para o alelo APOE4 com similar morbidade de diarrÃia (25 +/- 12,7; n=27). CorrelaÃÃes positivas entre a ocorrÃncia do alelo APOE4 e os escores de coding permaneceram, mesmo apÃs controlar para renda familiar, educaÃÃo materna e aleitamento materno (p<0,05). AlÃm disso, o grupo positivo para APOE4, com elevada morbidade de diarrÃia, preservou a fluÃncia semÃntica e a diferenÃa mÃdia dos escores de fluÃncia semÃntica (DIFF), n=73, p=0,025, um coeficiente padrÃo para avaliar o impedimento desproporcional da fluÃncia verbal. Nossos achados, portanto, mostram que o alelo APOE4 Ã relativamente comum em crianÃas da Comunidade GonÃalves Dias, no Nordeste do Brasil, e sugerem um papel protetor do alelo APOE4 em crianÃas com histÃria de alta morbidade de diarrÃia nos primeiros dois anos de idade.

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Phan, Tung Gia, Costa Antonio Charlys da, Valle Mendoza Juana Del, et al. "The fecal virome of South and Central American children with diarrhea includes small circular DNA viral genomes of unknown origin." Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/604552.

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Viral metagenomics of feces collected from 58 Peruvian children with unexplained diarrhea revealed several small circular ssDNA genomes. Two genomes related to sequences previously reported in feces from chimpanzees and other mammals and recently named smacoviruses were characterized and then detected by PCR in 1.7 % (1/58) and 19 % (11/58) of diarrheal samples, respectively. Another three genomes from a distinct small circular ssDNA viral group provisionally called pecoviruses encoded Cap and Rep proteins with <35 % identity to those in related genomes reported in human, seal, porcine and dromedary feces. Pecovirus DNA was detected in 15.5 % (9/58), 5.9 % (3/51) and 3 % (3/100) of fecal samples from unexplained diarrhea in Peru, Nicaragua and Chile, respectively. Feces containing these ssDNA genomes also contained known human enteric viral pathogens. The cellular origins of these circular ssDNA viruses, whether human cells, ingested plants, animals or fungal foods, or residents of the gut microbiome, are currently unknown.

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Kabongo, Prudence Ngalula. "The isolation and characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from cattle in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03292005-121311/.

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Nelson, Angela. "School professionals' role in diagnosing children." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005nelsona.pdf.

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Preusse, Kathy A. "Fostering prosocial behavior in young children." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005preussek.pdf.

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Gilbey, Rachel J. "Teachers' awareness of children of alcoholics." Online version, 2001. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2001/2001gilbeyr.pdf.

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Wolf, Katie D. "Self-esteem in at risk children." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2004. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2004/2004wolfk.pdf.

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Cunico, Brea. "Meeting the needs of mulit/biracial children in school and at home." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009cunicob.pdf.

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Fedie, Judy. "Outcome assessment of nutrition screening for children with special health care needs as a best practice recommendation in the Wisconsin Birth-to-3 Program." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007fediej.pdf.

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Huset, Crystal. "Understanding the effectiveness of the functional behavior assessment process." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008husetc.pdf.

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Ebner, Jessica. "Raising awareness of school counselors regarding issues of childhood obesity." Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008ebnerj.pdf.

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Jueneman, Mara Beth. "A descriptive study of the current level of involvement of school psychologists in school-based services and programs for maltreated children." Online version, 1999. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1999/1999juenemanm.pdf.

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Huepenbecker, Valerie Anne. "A time to grieve children and loss /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2005. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2005/2005huepenbeckerv.pdf.

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Barnhart, Lindsay J. "Development of sign language for young children." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006barnhartl.pdf.

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Van, Sistine Andrew J. "Negative self-talk in school-aged children." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008vansistinea.pdf.

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Marmion, Julia. "Fear and positive affectivity in infancy convergence/discrepancy between parent-report and laboratory-based indicators /." Online access for everyone, 2004. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2004/j%5Fmarmion%5F072904.pdf.

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Fitzpatrick, Robert J. "The effects of metacognitive strategy instruction on children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998fitzpatrickr.pdf.

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Beckel, Jane R. "Supporting parentally bereaved students the school counselor's role /." Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2006. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2006/2006beckelj.pdf.

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Smith, Loni A. "Children and parental death effects and school-based interventions /." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009smithl.pdf.

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