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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diarrhoeal disease

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Academic literature on the topic 'Diarrhoeal disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Diarrhoeal disease"

1

Hodges, M. "Diarrhoeal disease in early childhood: experiences from Sierra Leone." Parasitology 107, S1 (January 1993): S37—S51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000075491.

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SUMMARYIn the Freetown area of Sierra Leone, the proportion of children under five years of age dying from diarrhoea-associated conditions has decreased since the 1970s from 4% to 3%. This reduction relates to children between 12 months and 5 years; deaths associated with diarrhoeal disease in infancy do not appear to have decreased significantly. Currently, 2% of children die in infancy and a further 1% before their fifth birthday from diarrhoeal diseases. Thirty-one percent of short-term growth-faltering in children under five years of age is attributed to diarrhoeal disease. Reasons for improvement in mortality may include the implementation of a National Diarrhoeal Diseases Control Programme and improved case management; some 55% of cases of acute diarrhoea in Freetown now receive oral rehydration therapy. Morbidity and mortality are influenced by the seasons. This is likely to be related to the fact that the nutritional status of children shows a significant deterioration in the early rainy season. At this time incidence of severe diarrhoea warranting hospital admission and diarrhoea mortality rates in hospital and at a Rehydration Center increased significantly. On the other hand, the presentation of dehydrating diarrhoea is greatest in the driest months of the year. Progress in the rural areas of Sierra Leone may not have been so evident although 60% of the population now have access to primary health units within 4 miles and efforts to increase host resistance have included the measles immunization programme which currently protects 60% of under-fives nation-wide. Efforts to reduce the transmission of pathogens have meant increasing access to safe water to 22% and to improved sanitation to 35% in rural areas of Sierra Leone. The sustainable prevention and control of diarrhoeal diseases in developing countries depends also upon increasing levels of adult literacy especially of women.

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Gupta, Ambrish, Prashant Maheshwari, and Y. K. Rao. "Role of single and mixed probiotics in acute diarrheal diseases in pediatric population." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 6, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20174772.

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Background: The objective of present study was to analyse the effect of probiotics on various parameters of acute diarrhoeal disease and to compare single and mixed probiotic preparations in context to their role in acute diarrhoeal disease in paediatric population.Methods: A double blind controlled trial was conducted in children suffering from acute diarrhoeal disease at department of paediatrics jointly with department of pharmacology, G. S. V. M. Medical college, Kanpur, U.P., India. All enrolled children were divided into three groups having similar baseline characteristics. One group was given single probiotic preparation another mixed probiotic preparation and the third one (i.e. control group) placebo plus Zinc/ORS to all three groups. Various parameters such as frequency and consistency of stool, duration of diarrhoea were measured after doing intervention over a period of one week.Results: In our study duration of diarrhoea, stool frequency and total duration of hospital stay was found significantly less in probiotic groups compared to control group. However no significant difference was found between single and mixed probiotics in curtailing the acute diarrhoeal illness.Conclusions: Probiotics should be used judiciously in acute diarrhoeal diseases. There is no additional benefit of mixed probiotics in acute diarrhoeal diseases rather than increasing the cost of treatment.

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McCORMICK, B. J. J., W. J. ALONSO, and M. A. MILLER. "An exploration of spatial patterns of seasonal diarrhoeal morbidity in Thailand." Epidemiology and Infection 140, no. 7 (September 19, 2011): 1236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268811001919.

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SUMMARYStudies of temporal and spatial patterns of diarrhoeal disease can suggest putative aetiological agents and environmental or socioeconomic drivers. Here, the seasonal patterns of monthly acute diarrhoeal morbidity in Thailand, where diarrhoeal morbidity is increasing, are explored. Climatic data (2003–2006) and Thai Ministry of Health annual reports (2003–2009) were used to construct a spatially weighted panel regression model. Seasonal patterns of diarrhoeal disease were generally bimodal with aetiological agents peaking at different times of the year. There is a strong association between daily mean temperature and precipitation and the incidence of hospitalization due to acute diarrhoea in Thailand leading to a distinct spatial pattern in the seasonal pattern of diarrhoea. Model performance varied across the country in relation toper capitaGDP and population density. While climatic factors are likely to drive the general pattern of diarrhoeal disease in Thailand, the seasonality of diarrhoeal disease is dampened in affluent urban populations.

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Kelly, Paul. "Diarrhoeal disease." Clinical Medicine 11, no. 5 (October 2011): 488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.11-5-488.

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Hart, C. A., and L. W. Umar. "Diarrhoeal Disease." Tropical Doctor 30, no. 3 (July 2000): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550003000321.

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Pokhrel, Damodar, and Thiruvenkatachari Viraraghavan. "Diarrhoeal diseases in Nepal vis-à-vis water supply and sanitation status." Journal of Water and Health 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2004): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2004.0007.

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Diarrhoeal diseases are still a major challenge in Nepal because of inadequate safe water supply, poor sanitation and living conditions. However, several other factors such as the literacy rate, socio-economic status, and social, religious or personal perception of the cause of disease may influence the rate of morbidity and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases. A yearly minimum death of 30,000 and morbidity of 3.3 episodes per child was estimated due to diarrhoea. An environmental health education programme, along with water supply and sanitation intervention, is an effective mitigation measure to reduce diarrhoeal diseases in Nepal.

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Chandrashekhar, Karnam. "REVIEW ON THE PLANTS REPORTED IN THE ETHNOBOTANICAL PRACTICES FOR DIARRHEAL DISEASE IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA." International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy 12, no. 2 (May 5, 2021): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4343.120245.

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No need to say that diarrhoeal disease is one of the major health concerns of the entire world. Many treatment modalities are put forth and tried to achieve the best control over the morbidity and mortality caused by the diarrhoeal disease. The resistance to the anti-microbial drugs, development of carrier state, misuse of antimicrobial drugs by the common people and change in the course of the disease after the use of antimicrobial drugs are really the worrisome issues in treating diarrhoeal disease. On the top of it, the prevalence of diarrhoea in children is so much high and severe that addressing it with a proper therapy, in some cases and in some occasions becomes very difficult. Initial approach with effective herbs, sometimes, makes wonders. Tribal people staying away from the urban areas, have their own plant remedies for treating different diarrhoeas. Uttar Pradesh is one among such states of India that possesses enormous knowledge of traditional practices such as ethno-medicine and folklore practices. Their utility needs to be brought under the ambit of the main streams of health practices. For the reason, some of them, may turn in to the remarkable source of drugs or lead compounds or the drug candidates. This study is based mainly on the data published in the articles related to ethnobotany, folklore practice and local utilization of medicinal plants by the people of different zones of Uttar Pradesh. This review reveals 117 medicinal plants belonging to 53 different botanical families utilized in the ethnobotanical practices for treating diarrhoeal disease in Uttar Pradesh.

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Pazzaglia, G., A. L. Bourgeois, K. El Diwany, N. Nour, N. Badran, and R. Hablas. "Campylobacter diarrhoea and an association of recent disease with asymptomatic shedding in Egyptian children." Epidemiology and Infection 106, no. 1 (February 1991): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800056466.

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SUMMARYA hospital-based case-control diarrhoea survey was conducted in Cairo. Egypt to determine the age-specific frequency of campylobacter infection among diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic children aged new born to 5 years. Campylobacter was the most common bacterial enteropathogen isolated from diarrhoeic stools. The overall prevalence of campylobacter isolations was 25·9% from stools of 143 diarrhoeic children compared to 15·2% of 132 non-diarrhoeic control children (P= 0·028) during the 4-month period of study. Children less than 1 year of age were at greatest risk of campylobacter infection with 32·6% of diarrhoeic patients culture positive, compared to 14·3% of controls. Asymptomatic shedding in controls was positively associated with a recent diarrhoeal episode (P= 0·019) and may be an important source of new infections.

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ZIV, T., A. D. HEYMANN, J. AZURI, M. LESHNO, and D. COHEN. "Assessment of the underestimation of childhood diarrhoeal disease burden in Israel." Epidemiology and Infection 139, no. 9 (November 19, 2010): 1379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268810002554.

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SUMMARYWe determined the extent by which mandatory reporting on isolates of Shigella and Salmonella underestimates the burden of diarrhoeal diseases in individuals aged <17 years in Israel and examined paediatricians' knowledge, attitudes and practices related to patient visits with diarrhoeal diseases. Sources of data were a nationwide population-based telephone survey for presence of diarrhoeal diseases, Maccabi Healthcare Services databases and a mail survey among its paediatricians. Monte Carlo simulation and rate estimates for all stages, from visit to physician to reporting on a culture-confirmed case of shigellosis or salmonellosis, were used to determine the underestimation factor. Of 1492 children, 5·7% reported a diarrhoeal episode during the 2 weeks prior to interview. The rate of visiting a physician with and without fever was 86% and 16%, respectively. A stool culture was performed for around 20% of patients and the isolation rates were 7·1% for Shigella and 2·1% for Salmonella. Paediatricians (n=214) ranked very young age of patient and the complaint ‘bloody diarrhoea’ as the most important determinants. We estimated that one reported isolate of Shigella or Salmonella represented 152 diarrhoeal episodes of all aetiologies. This estimate is important for further assessments of the true burden of diarrhoeal diseases.

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Lohakpure, Vishesh R., and Vinod L. Vedpathak. "Study of diarrheal disease among under five children in a rural community: telephone based follow up study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 6 (May 27, 2019): 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192317.

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Background: Acute diarrhoeal diseases are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries and a major contribution of malnutrition especially among infants and children under 5 years of age. Approximately two-thirds of the world population live in the developing countries characterized by a lack of potable drinking water, improper means of disposal of human faecal waste, intense crowding in houses and often primitive standards of personal hygiene. In India, diarrhoeal diseases are a major public health problem among children under 5 years. The objective of the study was to estimate number of episodes of diarrhoea in children under five years in a rural area.Methods: Community based longitudinal study conducted among 622 children.Results: The overall incidence of diarrhoeal disease was found to be 2.11 episode/child/year. It was observed that the diarrhoeal disease morbidity decreased with the increasing age of the child. Diarrhoeal disease morbidity increased in children from lower socioeconomic status 2.32 episodes/child/year.Conclusions: The lower incidence rate has been found in those children who were better nourished, had received immunization and had been breast fed. Hence there is a need to make efforts to still further improve and sustain immunization coverage, give importance to the nutrition of the children, encourage the mothers to breast feed their children for at least 2 years.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diarrhoeal disease"

1

Forrest, Bruce D. "The effective delivery of a bivalent vaccine against diarrhoeal disease /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdf728.pdf.

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Gosling, Peter John. "Aspects of the pathogenicity of Aeromonas species in Diarrhoeal disease." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334675.

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Clasen, Thomas Frank. "Household-based water treatment for the prevention of diarrhoeal disease." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682347/.

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Unsafe drinking water, together with poor hygiene and sanitation, are the main contributors to diarrhoeal disease, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity especially among young children in low-income settings. While the Millennium Development Goals seek to halve the portion of the population without access to safe water by 2015, the high cost of piped-in supplies has led the World Health Organization to call for alternative approaches, including household water treatment. This thesis describes the results of certain research concerning the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and field implementation of household water treatment for the prevention of diarrhoeal disease. In a systematic review of interventions to improve water quality for the prevention of endemic diarrhoea, 30 studies covering 38 intervention trials were identified and meta- analyzed. The studies varied considerably in design, setting, type of intervention and point of intervention. The evidence suggests that in settings with sufficient water quantity, interventions to improve the microbiological quality of drinking water are effective in preventing diarrhoea, and that household-based interventions are about twice as effective as conventional improvements at the water source. The costs of such water quality interventions was compiled and combined with the effectiveness data from the systematic review to determine the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve water quality. In most settings, household water treatment meets established criteria for "highly cost effective" health interventions. In a six-month pilot programme in Colombia, household-based water filters were associated with a substantial improvement in microbial water quality and a 60% reduction in the prevalence of diarrhoea (OR = 0.40,95% CI = 0.25,0.63, P<0.0001). In a study to assess the drinking water response to the Indian Ocean tsunami, household water treatment had only a limited role, suggesting the need to consider under what circumstances such interventions can contribute to the delivery of safe drinking water in the immediate aftermath of an emergency. The thesis concludes with some thoughts on the challenge of implementing household water treatment and the need for further research.

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Baxter, Esther. "Epidemiological and aetiological aspects of diarrhoeal disease in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004106.

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Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of mortality in children in developing countries. It also remains a serious problem among all age groups throughout the world. Whereas studies to determine the epidemiological and aetiological factors of diarrhoeal disease have been reported for other parts of South Africa and the world, as yet no information is available for the Eastern Cape. Therefore this study was undertaken to determine the factors for this area. Enteropathogens were compared for the different ages in the various population groups and, where possible, seasonal and geographical differences were emphasised. A total of 7 278 faecal samples were examined by six laboratories in the Eastern Cape during the period November 1988 to October 1990. Data was recorded noting the age, sex and population group of the patients. The towns selected were Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage, Cradock, Grahamstown and their surrounding areas. The isolation rates for the pathogens studied in the various population groups were compared to those reported in similar studies in other countries. The seasonal incidences of the various selected pathogens were compared with those reported from elsewhere in South Africa. It was thought that the higher temperature of summer may influence the finding in the White population group, while rainfall would play a greater role for the Coloured and Black populations. The geographical distribution of the pathogens emphasised the difference in living conditions between the different population groups. For example a generally higher infestation rate of Helminths occurred in rural areas and in the groups living under poorer conditions. The low isolation rates for certain bacteria and the large percentage of samples from which no pathogens were isolated indicate the need for further research. However, the finding should be valuable for determining Public Health priorities and in the management of outbreaks of diarrhoeal disease.

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Amin, Tehmina. "A novel immunological probe for investigating enterotoxin biogenesis." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296722.

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Hoare, Simon. "Determinants of catch-up growth following diarrhoeal disease in West African children." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341780.

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Grant, Andrew James. "BipA : a new ribosome accessory protein that regulates Escherichia coli virulence." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370064.

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Robinson, Jayne. "The molecular biology of human enteric caliciviruses." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302313.

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Knight, Paul. "Investigation of strategies to protect against harmful bacteria-mucosa interaction in Crohn's disease and other diarrhoeal diseases." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/5833/.

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The presence and replication of E.coli within Crohn’s Disease (CD) tissue has been confirmed by multiple authors and is hypothesised to be pivotal in the development of CD. In this thesis, quantification of E.coli bacteria within endoscopic biopsies has been achieved with high efficiency, sensitivity and reproducibility using PCR plasmid technology, and the technique’s utility demonstrated by quantifying E.coli within the biopsies of CD patients in clinical relapse and remission as well as within the first lesions present in CD relapse, aphthous ulcers. These studies showed some interesting correlations with clinical, macroscopic, and histological data, obtained during a clinical trial of soluble plantain fibre supplementation for prevention of relapse in CD. These included increased quantities of E.coli in tissues from the mucosa of patients in clinical relapse whose ileum was macroscopically normal yet histologically inflamed, and significant falls in the quantities of E.coli over time in the biopsy tissues of patients who were in clinical remission. The ability of a specific group of E.coli, the adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC), to replicate within macrophages, is increasingly perceived to be fundamental in CD pathogenesis. The replication of E.coli within the phagolysosomes of macrophages is implicated in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, granuloma formation, and the consequent mucosal injury seen in CD. The pharmacological inhibition of AIEC replication in this work within murine macrophage tissue in vitro by the immunosuppressive azathioprine and its active metabolite 6-thioguanine as well as by the antibiotic ciprofloxacin at clinically relevant concentrations is supportive of this central hypothesis, and also suggests new treatment combinations that might be trialled in active CD. Interestingly and unexpectedly the steroid hydrocortisone also inhibited AIEC replication within macrophages, suggesting that sepsis-related complications seen with steroid use clinically may be related to its effects on neutrophil recruitment, rather than on phagocytic killing of bacteria. The diarrhoeal pathogens EPEC, ETEC, and C. difficile represent a large disease burden in terms of infantile, travellers’, and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea respectively with C. difficile also sometimes implicated in the exacerbation of CD. Plantain (banana) non starch polysaccharide (NSP) has previously been demonstrated to inhibit AIEC adhesion to mucosal tissues, and this work demonstrates the inhibition of the adherence of ETEC and C. difficile to intestinal cells in vitro with two different modalities, using concentrations of soluble plantain fibre that are readily achievable in the distal intestinal lumen. Previous work on AIEC inhibition with plantain was confirmed, whilst oat fibre and apple pectin did not significantly inhibit ETEC adherence. EPEC was not inhibited by plantain fibre, which may be due to its unique epithelial interaction. These foodstuffs, if prepared as suitable supplements, may offer new prophylactic therapeutic interventions for global and institutional diarrhoeal illness following appropriate clinical trials.

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McLean, Hector Alexander. "Application of phage display to the study of toxin-receptor interactions." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301779.

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Books on the topic "Diarrhoeal disease"

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Evered, David, and Julie Whelan, eds. Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.

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Control of Diarrhoeal Disease Programme (Namibia). Control of Diarrhoeal Disease Programme: Plan of operation (1992-1996). [Windhoek]: The Ministry, 1991.

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Health, Malawi Ministry of. Malawi national control of diarrhoeal disease programme: Five year implementation plan, 1985-1989. [Lilongwe] Malawi: The Ministry, 1985.

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International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. Scientific achievements of the ICDDR, B, 1979-1990. Dhaka, Bangladesh: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 1991.

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Kapininga, John. Manual: Monitoring of malnutrition, diarrhoeal disease & market prices, 1994/95 : final draft (first revision). Blantyre [Malawi]: Council for Nongovernmental Organisations in Malawi, 1995.

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Mbomena, John. UNICEF/WHO report into the investigation of the March-May, 1990 diarrhoeal disease outbreak in Northern Namibia: 23rd May-23rd July 1990. [Windhoek]: UNICEF, 1990.

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Saul, Tzipori, ed. Infectious diarrhoea in the young: Strategies for control in humans and animals : proceedings of an International Seminar on Diarrhoeal Disease in South East Asia and the Western Pacific Region, Geelong, Australia, 10-15 February 1985. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1985.

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International Low Birthweight Symposium and Workshop (1999 Dhaka, Bangladesh). Low birthweight: A report based on the International Low Birthweight Symposium and Workshop held on 14-17 June 1999 at the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Geneva: United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination, Sub-Committee on Nutrition, 2000.

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India) Sir Dorabji Tata Symposium (3rd 2002 Bangalore. Diarrhoeal diseases: Current status, research trends, and field studies. Edited by Raghunath D. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co., 2003.

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Aziz, K. M. Ashraful. Community participation in the management of diarrhoeal diseases: A review. Dhaka, Bangladesh: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diarrhoeal disease"

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Guerrant, R. L. "Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Diseases: Introduction and Overview." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 1–13. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch1.

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Stephen, J., T. S. Wallis, W. G. Starkey, D. C. A. Candy, M. P. Osborne, and S. Haddon. "Salmonellosis: In Retrospect and Prospect." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 177–92. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch10.

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Keusch, Gerald T., Arthur Donohue-Rolfe, and Mary Jacewicz. "Shigella Toxin and the Pathogenesis of Shigellosis." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 193–214. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch11.

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Kapral, Frank A. "Staphylococcus aureusDelta Toxin as an Entero Toxin." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 215–29. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch12.

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Wilkins, Tracy, Howard Krivan, Bradley Stiles, Robert Carman, and David Lyerly. "Clostridial Toxins Active Locally in the Gastrointestinal Tract." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 230–41. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch13.

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Holmgren, Jan, and Ann-Mari Svennerholm. "Vaccine Development for the Control of Cholera and Related Toxin-Induced Diarrhoeal Diseases." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 242–70. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch14.

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Guerrant, Richard L. "Chairman's Summing-Up." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 271–74. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch15.

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Powell, Don W., Helen M. Berschneider, Larry D. Lawson, and Holger Martenst. "Regulation of Water and Ion Movement in Intestine." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 14–33. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch2.

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Walker, W. Allan. "Role of the Mucosal Barrier in Toxin/Microbial Attachment to the Gastrointestinal Tract." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 34–56. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch3.

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Gill, D. Michael, and Marilyn Woolkalis. "Toxins which Activate Adenylate Cyclase." In Ciba Foundation Symposium 112 - Microbial Toxins and Diarrhoeal Disease, 57–73. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470720936.ch4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Diarrhoeal disease"

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Dewan, Pooja, Dhano Mardi, Sunil Gomber, and Rumpa Saha. "IDDF2018-ABS-0044 Enteric pathogens and predictors for acute diarrhoea in children living with human immunodeficiency virus infection." In International Digestive Disease Forum (IDDF) 2018, Hong Kong, 9–10 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Society of Gastroenterology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-iddfabstracts.80.

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Herbst, S., T. Kistemann, and D. Fayzieva. "Comparison of the incidence of diarrhoeal diseases in two regions of the Aral Sea area, Uzbekistan." In Environmental Health Risk 2003. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr030161.

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Gupta, Vikas, Ashok Kumar Chauhan, Paramjeet Kaur, Anil Khurana, Yashpal Verma, and Nupur Bansal. "Comparative evaluation of concomitant chemoradiation with weekly cisplatin and gemcitabine versus weekly cisplatin in the management of locally advanced carcinoma of uterine cervix." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685264.

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Aim: To evaluate feasibility of concomitant chemoradiation with weekly cisplatin and gemcitabine, and comparing the advantage of using this regimen over cisplatin alone in terms of disease control and toxicities in management of locally advanced carcinoma cervix. Materials and Methods: The study has been conducted on fifty previously untreated, histopathologically proven FIGO stage II B - IV A patients of carcinoma cervix, attending the Department of Radiotherapy, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak for definitive treatment by radiation therapy. The patients were divided randomly in two groups of 25 patients each. Group I received cisplatin 40 mg/m2 and gemcitabine 125 mg/m2 with concomitant external beam radiotherapy 50 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks, followed by intracavitary high dose rate brachytherapy 7 Gy to point A, for 3 times, once in a week. Group II received concomitant chemotherapy with cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly alone while radiotherapy schedule were same as in group I. Results: Total treatment duration in group I and II were 9-11 and 8-10 weeks respectively. Complete response rate in group I and II were 92% and 80%. Grade III skin and mucosal reactions was 20% in group I and none in group II. Diarrhoea was 24% in group I & 8% in group II. Grade II & III leucopenia was seen in 28% and 4% cases of group I & group II respectively. Upper gastrointestinal and renal toxicities were comparable in both arms. After six month of follow up, no evidence of disease was seen in 92% and 80% cases of group I and group II. Conclusion: If the toxicity is managed adequately in platinum based doublet group, it may produce improvement in response. Study is ongoing.

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Rana, S. V., A. Bhansali, S. K. Bhadada, S. Sharma, J. Sharma, and K. Singh. "Orocecal Transit Time and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth in Diabetic Patients With Hypertension." In ASME 2009 4th Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2009-83019.

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Hypertension is a perplexing multiorgan disease involving renal primary pathology and enhanced angiotensin II vascular reactivity. Hypertension is more common and severe in diabetic patients, placing them at increased risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke and end-stage renal disease. Diarrhoea, constipation & epigastric pain are common complaints in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension. Delayed gastric emptying and disturbance of intestinal motility are frequent findings in type 2 diabetic patients. Impaired intestinal motility is often followed by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). The prevalence of SIBO & its association with orocecal transit time has not yet been studied in diabetic patients with hypertension. Gastrointestinal abnormalities in diabetic patients with hypertension may disturb gastrointestinal (GI) motility and as a result SIBO. Therefore, this study was planned. In this study, 57 diabetic patients with hypertension and 72 diabetic patients (who had GI symptoms) between the age range 30–70 years were enrolled. One hundred age and sex matched healthy volunteers with normal bowel habits were also taken for this study. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth & orocecal transit time were studied by using non-invasive glucose and lactulose hydrogen breath tests respectively. Out of 57 patients of type 2 diabetic mellitus with hypertension, 30 (52.6%) were the males while 27 out of 57 (47.4%) females. 39 out of 72 (54.2%) were the males while 33 out of 72 (45.8%) females. In control group, 56 out of 100 (56%) were males while 44 out of 100 (44%) females. Glucose hydrogen breath test was suggestive of SIBO in 7 out of 57 (12.3%) in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus with hypertension and in 8 out of 72 (11.1%) in type 2 diabetic patients while in 1 out of 100 (1%) in controls. The difference was statistically significant between diabetic patients with hypertension vs controls and diabetic patients vs controls. Range of orocecal transit time was 150 to 255 minutes in patients of type 2 diabetic mellitus with hypertension, who were suggestive of bacterial overgrowth while 75–180 minutes in patients of type 2 diabetic mellitus with hypertension, who were negative for glucose H2BT. Range of orocecal transit time was 135 to 240 minutes in patients of type 2 diabetic mellitus, who were suggestive of bacterial overgrowth while 60–180 minutes in patients of type 2 diabetic mellitus, who were negative for glucose H2BT. In control group, the range of orocecal transit time was 60–120 minutes. It appears from the results obtained in this study that the orocecal transit time was delayed in patients of type 2 diabetic mellitus with hypertension, and patients with diabetic mellitus (who were suggestive of bacterial overgrowth) as compared to the patients of type 2 diabetic mellitus with hypertension and patients with diabetic mellitus, who have negative glucose H2BT. When the mean ± SD (145.26 ± 47.21 minutes) of orocecal transit time of all type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension and mean ± SD (136.32 ± 52.37 minutes) of type 2 diabetic patients was compared with the mean ± SD (90.41 ± 15.36 minutes) of controls, it was significantly delayed. It appears that the orocecal transit time in type 2 diabetic patients with hypertension, and patients with diabetic mellitus was significantly delayed (resulting to SIBO) as compared to controls. Thus these patients should be treated with prokinetic agents and antibiotics.

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