Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diarrhoeal disease / Dissertations / Theses

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Diarrhoeal disease.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diarrhoeal disease'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Diarrhoeal disease.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Forrest, Bruce D. "The effective delivery of a bivalent vaccine against diarrhoeal disease /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdf728.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Gosling, Peter John. "Aspects of the pathogenicity of Aeromonas species in Diarrhoeal disease." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334675.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Clasen, Thomas Frank. "Household-based water treatment for the prevention of diarrhoeal disease." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2006. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682347/.

Full text

Abstract:

Unsafe drinking water, together with poor hygiene and sanitation, are the main contributors to diarrhoeal disease, a leading cause of mortality and morbidity especially among young children in low-income settings. While the Millennium Development Goals seek to halve the portion of the population without access to safe water by 2015, the high cost of piped-in supplies has led the World Health Organization to call for alternative approaches, including household water treatment. This thesis describes the results of certain research concerning the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and field implementation of household water treatment for the prevention of diarrhoeal disease. In a systematic review of interventions to improve water quality for the prevention of endemic diarrhoea, 30 studies covering 38 intervention trials were identified and meta- analyzed. The studies varied considerably in design, setting, type of intervention and point of intervention. The evidence suggests that in settings with sufficient water quantity, interventions to improve the microbiological quality of drinking water are effective in preventing diarrhoea, and that household-based interventions are about twice as effective as conventional improvements at the water source. The costs of such water quality interventions was compiled and combined with the effectiveness data from the systematic review to determine the cost-effectiveness of interventions to improve water quality. In most settings, household water treatment meets established criteria for "highly cost effective" health interventions. In a six-month pilot programme in Colombia, household-based water filters were associated with a substantial improvement in microbial water quality and a 60% reduction in the prevalence of diarrhoea (OR = 0.40,95% CI = 0.25,0.63, P<0.0001). In a study to assess the drinking water response to the Indian Ocean tsunami, household water treatment had only a limited role, suggesting the need to consider under what circumstances such interventions can contribute to the delivery of safe drinking water in the immediate aftermath of an emergency. The thesis concludes with some thoughts on the challenge of implementing household water treatment and the need for further research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Baxter, Esther. "Epidemiological and aetiological aspects of diarrhoeal disease in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004106.

Full text

Abstract:

Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of mortality in children in developing countries. It also remains a serious problem among all age groups throughout the world. Whereas studies to determine the epidemiological and aetiological factors of diarrhoeal disease have been reported for other parts of South Africa and the world, as yet no information is available for the Eastern Cape. Therefore this study was undertaken to determine the factors for this area. Enteropathogens were compared for the different ages in the various population groups and, where possible, seasonal and geographical differences were emphasised. A total of 7 278 faecal samples were examined by six laboratories in the Eastern Cape during the period November 1988 to October 1990. Data was recorded noting the age, sex and population group of the patients. The towns selected were Port Elizabeth, Uitenhage, Cradock, Grahamstown and their surrounding areas. The isolation rates for the pathogens studied in the various population groups were compared to those reported in similar studies in other countries. The seasonal incidences of the various selected pathogens were compared with those reported from elsewhere in South Africa. It was thought that the higher temperature of summer may influence the finding in the White population group, while rainfall would play a greater role for the Coloured and Black populations. The geographical distribution of the pathogens emphasised the difference in living conditions between the different population groups. For example a generally higher infestation rate of Helminths occurred in rural areas and in the groups living under poorer conditions. The low isolation rates for certain bacteria and the large percentage of samples from which no pathogens were isolated indicate the need for further research. However, the finding should be valuable for determining Public Health priorities and in the management of outbreaks of diarrhoeal disease.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Amin, Tehmina. "A novel immunological probe for investigating enterotoxin biogenesis." Thesis, University of Kent, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296722.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hoare, Simon. "Determinants of catch-up growth following diarrhoeal disease in West African children." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341780.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Grant, Andrew James. "BipA : a new ribosome accessory protein that regulates Escherichia coli virulence." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370064.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Robinson, Jayne. "The molecular biology of human enteric caliciviruses." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302313.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Knight, Paul. "Investigation of strategies to protect against harmful bacteria-mucosa interaction in Crohn's disease and other diarrhoeal diseases." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2011. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/5833/.

Full text

Abstract:

The presence and replication of E.coli within Crohn’s Disease (CD) tissue has been confirmed by multiple authors and is hypothesised to be pivotal in the development of CD. In this thesis, quantification of E.coli bacteria within endoscopic biopsies has been achieved with high efficiency, sensitivity and reproducibility using PCR plasmid technology, and the technique’s utility demonstrated by quantifying E.coli within the biopsies of CD patients in clinical relapse and remission as well as within the first lesions present in CD relapse, aphthous ulcers. These studies showed some interesting correlations with clinical, macroscopic, and histological data, obtained during a clinical trial of soluble plantain fibre supplementation for prevention of relapse in CD. These included increased quantities of E.coli in tissues from the mucosa of patients in clinical relapse whose ileum was macroscopically normal yet histologically inflamed, and significant falls in the quantities of E.coli over time in the biopsy tissues of patients who were in clinical remission. The ability of a specific group of E.coli, the adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC), to replicate within macrophages, is increasingly perceived to be fundamental in CD pathogenesis. The replication of E.coli within the phagolysosomes of macrophages is implicated in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, granuloma formation, and the consequent mucosal injury seen in CD. The pharmacological inhibition of AIEC replication in this work within murine macrophage tissue in vitro by the immunosuppressive azathioprine and its active metabolite 6-thioguanine as well as by the antibiotic ciprofloxacin at clinically relevant concentrations is supportive of this central hypothesis, and also suggests new treatment combinations that might be trialled in active CD. Interestingly and unexpectedly the steroid hydrocortisone also inhibited AIEC replication within macrophages, suggesting that sepsis-related complications seen with steroid use clinically may be related to its effects on neutrophil recruitment, rather than on phagocytic killing of bacteria. The diarrhoeal pathogens EPEC, ETEC, and C. difficile represent a large disease burden in terms of infantile, travellers’, and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea respectively with C. difficile also sometimes implicated in the exacerbation of CD. Plantain (banana) non starch polysaccharide (NSP) has previously been demonstrated to inhibit AIEC adhesion to mucosal tissues, and this work demonstrates the inhibition of the adherence of ETEC and C. difficile to intestinal cells in vitro with two different modalities, using concentrations of soluble plantain fibre that are readily achievable in the distal intestinal lumen. Previous work on AIEC inhibition with plantain was confirmed, whilst oat fibre and apple pectin did not significantly inhibit ETEC adherence. EPEC was not inhibited by plantain fibre, which may be due to its unique epithelial interaction. These foodstuffs, if prepared as suitable supplements, may offer new prophylactic therapeutic interventions for global and institutional diarrhoeal illness following appropriate clinical trials.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

McLean, Hector Alexander. "Application of phage display to the study of toxin-receptor interactions." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301779.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Boisson, Sophie. "Measuring the impact of household water treatment on diarrhoeal disease in low-income settings." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590610.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

My, Phan Vu Tra. "Diarrhoeal disease in children under the age of five in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.601170.

Full text

Abstract:

The focus of the global diarrhoeal disease burden is in low and middle-income countries, where the disease epidemiology and aetiology is highly variable and not well characterised. The aim of this thesis was to challenge the knowledge gaps regard ing diarrhoeal disease in children under the age of five in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam. Firstly, a pilot surveillance in southern Vietnam demonstrated a preponderance of enteric viruses in hospitalised diarrhoeal children and reported the first rotav irus GI2 in Vietnam; despite being geographically disproportional distributed, rotav irus (RoV) predom inated fo llowed by norovirus (NoV). On the basis of these data, a prospective multi-centre hospita lbased surveil!ance was conducted in HeMe to study diarrhoeal disease in detail and \ investigate the extent and the ep idemiology of the hypothes ized NoV emergence. Faecal , specimens from diarrhoea patients and diarrhoea-free chi ldren were screened for a panel of pathogens; RoV was again identified as the predominant agent, fo llowed by NoV. Enteric bacteria were found at smaller proportions, and exhibited excessive antim icrobial res istance. As NoV was found to be highly endemic and a major cause of hospita lisation, a risk factor analysis for NoV infections was performed. Ri sk facto rs in cluded young age, residential crowding and contact with symptomatic individ uals. Additional analys is on the phylogenetic structure of NoV stra ins demonstrated diverse genotypes circulating, most commonly belonging to the GIIA lineage. A spatioremporal analysis of 0 11.4 variants, GI1.4-2006b (Minerva) and the novel emergent GIL4-20 10 (New Orleans), suggested a strain replacement phenomenon and detected a cluster of 0 11.4-201 0 in the northeastern part of the city. These studies indicate prominent di sease dynam ics involved rapid evolution of vi ruses, necessitate studies on strain distribution and genomic analyses and potenti al source additi onally f contributing to genetic variations (animal reservoirs), and suggest considerable impact of RoV and NoV immunisation in Vietnam.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Haggerty, Patricia Ann. "Community-based hygiene education to reduce diarrhoeal disease in rural Zaire : a prospective, longitudinal study." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412227.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Said, Bengu. "Vibrio cholerae non-O1 and V. mimicus in diarrhoeal disease : a study of virulence factors." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57564/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Thompson, C. "The epidemiology of paediatric diarrhoeal disease and Shigella infections in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2016. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2572614/.

Full text

Abstract:

Shigella is an enteric pathogen that is the most common bacterial cause of dysentery globally, most frequently infecting children in developing countries. Resistance to common antimicrobials is now widespread and is beginning to make the management of this often-severe infection very challenging. Vaccination offers a realistic option for preventing and controlling shigellosis, yet several critical questions need to be answered before a successfully licensed vaccine can be introduced. Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), in Vietnam, is a rapidly industrialising urban setting with a high burden of paediatric diarrhoeal disease and is representative of many similar regions globally. Through the structure of a community cohort, the incidence of diarrhoeal disease in children under the age of five in HCMC was found to be 70/100 child years, indicating that diarrhoea remains a significant cause of paediatric morbidity in this location. Furthermore, children living at low elevation in the centre of the city were found to be at increased risk of reported diarrhoeal disease during periods of higher temperature and flooding, highlighting a particular community at risk. This work also documents Shigella as a common cause of dysentery in both hospital and the community in HCMC, with community-based incidence estimated to be 1.5/100 child years in 2-5 year olds. Resistance against a variety of antimicrobials in Shigella was detected, and organisms harbouring mutations against fluoroquinolone activity were found to survive for longer periods in the presence of ciprofloxacin in vitro, suggesting a potential epidemiological advantage against sensitive strains. Finally, the half-life of maternal immunity against the O-antigen of S. sonnei was found to 43 days and by five months of age less than half of children in HCMC have any circulating maternal protection. Work from this thesis will help inform future vaccine rollout efforts and fills important gaps in the current literature surrounding this increasingly challenging infection.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Murdock, P. R. "An investigation of solute fluxes in enterocytes and the relevance of these fluxes to diarrhoeal disease." Thesis, University of Bath, 1988. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380946.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Moshal, David Clive, and David Clive Moshal. "Single frequency whole-body impedance studies in children with diarrhoeal disease and development of a variable frequency system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/24955.

Full text

Abstract:

Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of infant mortality in this and other developing countries. The assessment of the degree of dehydration in these children is often based on subjective findings alone. These have been shown to be inaccurate as an assessment of the degree of dehydration. Whole-body impedance (WBI) is a method of measuring total body water which is used to assess body composition. This WBI technology, which operates at a single frequency, has been applied to the assessment of dehydration in children with diarrhoeal disease. The normal range of WBI was determined on a group of normally hydrated children and was found to have a mean of 746 Ω, a standard deviation of 85 Ω and 95 % confidence interval for the mean from 720 Ω to 772 Ω. WBI did not depend on age, mass, height or sex. The WBI of a group of children dehydrated from infantile gastroenteritis was measured both before and after rehydration. The dehydrated group had a mean WBI on admission of 1089 Ω and a standard deviation of 149 Ω with a 95 % confidence interval for the mean from 950 Ω to 1109 Ω. This value was significantly greater than that of the normal group. The WBI of the dehydrated group after rehydration was not significantly different from the normal group. In addition a variable frequency bioimpedance analyser was designed and tested. It was found to have an error of less than 1 % over the frequency range 1 to 100 kHz. The device was evaluated on 11 normal and dehydrated children. Four dehydrated children were tested before and after rehydration and this data was compared to a standard electrical model for WBI. It was found that the model could represent the measured data over this frequency range. The extracellular resistive element of the model was mainly responsible for the changes seen during rehydration, suggesting that dehydration in gastroenteritis is mainly due to fluid loss from the ECF compartment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Greenland, C. E. "Unpacking the black box : theory-based design & evaluation of a multiple behaviour change intervention to control diarrhoeal disease." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2017. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/3894562/.

Full text

Abstract:

Handwashing with soap, exclusive breastfeeding and the use of oral rehydration salts and zinc to manage diarrhoea episodes are apparently simple practices through which many child deaths from diarrhoea could be prevented. However, their success depends on caregiver behaviour, which has proved difficult to influence. This thesis describes the development and evaluation of a theory-based, multiple behaviour change intervention to improve uptake of these diarrhoea control practices in Lusaka Province, Zambia. The research was guided by a conceptual framework based on an ecological theory of behaviour and comprised three studies: formative research, outcome evaluation and process evaluation. Formative research focussed on actual practices of target behaviours and their determinants and informed the design of an intervention based on the motive affiliation. Outcome evaluation used a cluster-randomised trial to assess the effect of the intervention on handwashing with soap, exclusive breastfeeding, and use of oral rehydration salts and zinc to manage childhood diarrhoeal episodes. The intervention resulted in a small improvement in reported practice of exclusive breastfeeding. Changes in the other target behaviours were observed in areas where higher reach was achieved. The process evaluation used mixed methods and was guided by the intervention’s theory of change to explore how intervention content and delivery influenced behavioural outcomes. The process evaluation revealed that the intervention was popular and memorable, but it achieved low and variable levels of reach and did not change psychological mediators of behaviour. This research adds to the currently small evidence base in the field of multiple behaviour change for diarrhoea control. In light of the findings of low reach, further work is needed to ascertain whether delivery alone is the issue, or whether the intervention content also requires revision. The findings underscore the importance of modifying intervention delivery strategies to account for the local context.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Simpson, H. "The role of soluble plant fibres (non-starch polysaccharides, NSP) in the maintenance of intestinal health and prevention of diarrhoeal disease." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3001329/.

Full text

Abstract:

It has long been proposed that a high intake of dietary fibre promotes good intestinal health. Work performed previously by our research group suggests that soluble dietary fibre might have a particularly beneficial impact on intestinal health via its ability to inhibit potentially harmful interactions between bacterial pathogens and the gut epithelium. The aims of this thesis were to evaluate soluble plantain NSP for its ability to disrupt the epithelial interactions of diarrhoeal pathogens C. difficile and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), as well as other bacterial components implicated in diarrhoeal disease. Work was also performed to characterise the specific inhibitory fraction of plantain NSP, and in addition, to establish the molecular mechanism underlying its inhibitory activity. A range of soluble dietary fibres were shown to significantly inhibit the in vitro epithelial adhesion of C. difficile and ETEC, but out of all the fibres tested, soluble plantain NSP exhibited the highest efficacy. Plantain NSP also significantly inhibited the epithelial adhesion of eleven C. difficile clinical isolates, irrespective of their toxin expression or ribotype status. Furthermore, plantain NSP blocked the epithelial interactions of five purified C. difficile spore preparations. In addition to its anti-adhesive effects, soluble plantain NSP significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and apoptotic response induced by C. difficile and its toxins. Similar effects were also found with respect to mucosally-associated E. coli isolated from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, as well as bacterial components such as flagellin and LPS. Results demonstrated that the inhibitory activity of plantain NSP was mediated by its acidic polysaccharide fraction, which is mainly composed of pectic material. In addition, it was shown that soluble plantain disrupted bacterial-epithelial interactions via an interaction with the intestinal epithelium. Whilst plantain NSP induced increased cellular chloride secretion, this mechanism was not responsible for inhibitory activity. It was also hypothesised that plantain NSP might mimic intestinal MUC2 glycans by interacting with cell-surface galectin-3, with consequent nuclear localisation of β-catenin and down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Whilst plantain NSP was shown to induce activation of β-catenin, the knockdown of surface galectin-3 expression had no effect on inhibitory activity. Thus, the specific mechanism underlying the inhibitory activity of plantain NSP requires further investigation. This work supports the hypothesis that soluble plantain fibre can inhibit harmful interactions between bacteria and the human intestinal epithelium. Indeed, these studies provide convincing evidence to suggest that soluble plantain fibre, acting as a ‘contrabiotic’, could be developed as a potential prophylaxis or treatment against C. difficile and ETEC, which represent the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and traveller’s diarrhoea, respectively. In addition, dietary supplementation with soluble plantain NSP may also confer a therapeutic benefit in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Strauchs, Cornelia Katharina Julie [Verfasser], and Jakob [Akademischer Betreuer] Cramer. "Tropheryma whipplei in Africa study (TWAS) Tropheryma whipplei and coinfections in young infants with diarrhoeal disease in Africa / Cornelia Katharina Julie Strauchs ; Betreuer: Jakob Cramer." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1208002740/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Buge, Suzan Lami. "On the isolation and enumeration of Shigella species in faeces, sewage and water." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303583.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Netherwood, Trudy. "The association of Clostridium perfringens with foal diarrhoea." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57556/.

Full text

Abstract:

Several case reports of Clostridium perjringens involvement in equine enteric disease have not identified the prevalence and statistical association of these bacteria with foal diarrhoea. Each of five methods which favoured the recovery of C. perjringens in different physiological states were chosen to improve the sensitivity of isolation in a survey of foal diarrhoea for C. perjringens and other pathogens. C. perjringens was significantly associated with foal diarrhoea (isolated from 57% of 421 scouring anjmals but from only 33% of 222 controls; odds ratio 7.4; p < 0.001 by multivariate analysis); it was also associated with fatal diarrhoea (odds ratio 2.7; p=0.047). Rotavirus, Cryptosporidium sp. and large numbers of Strongyloides westeri were the only other pathogens associated with diarrhoea although they were less prevalent than C. perjringens; Salmonella sp. was the only other pathogen associated with fatal diarrhoea. Enterotoxin production was detected by reverse passive latex agglutination test (RPLA) amongst isolates of C. perjringens from scouring and healthy foals. The enterotoxin gene from an equine strain was cloned and its sequence was essentially identical to that published for a human isolate. Less than 5% of C. perjringen isolated from scouring foals and 0.5% from controls were positive for the enterotoxin gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (odds ratio 19.1; p<0.005). Presence of the enterotoxin gene was confirmed in representative isolates with a gene probe of chromosomal DNA and PCR product as well as neutralisation of cytotoxicity by antitoxin. Enterotoxigenicity of half ofRPLA positive isolates could not be confirmed in this way. Enterotoxigenic C. perfringens were a probable cause of foal diarrhoea. However, a greater proportion of the disease was associated with nonenterotoxigenic . perjringens. There is now a need to identify molecular differences between non-enterotoxigenic C. perjringens strains from scouring and healthy foals which might be associated with pathogenicity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Neef, N. A. "Porcine colitis syndrome : experimental models of disease and dietary influences." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241175.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Walters, Julian Roger Ford. "Intestinal malabsorption and diarrhoeal diseases : basic translational and clinical studies." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/55184.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ridha, Ghalib Swadi Abdul. "Virulence and associated factors in porcine Escherichia coli." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237528.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Saleh, Zeinab Saleh. "Diarrhoeal diseases in pre-school children in the United Arab Emirates." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341896.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Forsberg, Birger C. "Diarrhoeal diseases in low- and middle-income countries : trends, management and control /." Stockholm, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-263-7/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Nettleton, Peter Francis. "Studies on the relationship between bovine virus diarrhoea virus and border disease virus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30569.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ståhl, Karl. "Bovine viral diarrhoea virus and other reproductive pathogens : epidemiological studies in Peruvian cattle /." Uppsala : Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200653.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Reed, Stephanie J. F. "Defining the mechanisms of virulence in Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus isolates." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572478.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Abong'o, Benard Omondi. "Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in water and meat and meat products and vegetables sold in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa and its impact on the diarrhoeic conditions of HIV/AIDS patients." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/87.

Full text

Abstract:

Water and food borne Escherichia coli O157:H7 could be one of the pathogens posing high health risk to patients suffering from Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) because of its incrimination in diarrhoea cases in AIDS patients. The present study, which was conducted between March 2005 and August 2006, investigated the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in water, meat and meat products and vegetables and its impact on diarrhoeic conditions of confirmed and non-confirmed HIV/AIDS patients in the Amathole District in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. The water samples used in the study were obtained from stand pipes supplying treated drinking water to communities residing in Fort Beaufort, Alice, Dimbaza and Mdantsane whereas borehole waters were sampled from Ngwenya and Kwasaki. The meat and meat products and vegetable samples were purchased from shops, butcheries, supermarkets and open air markets in Fort Beaufort, Alice and Mdantsane. The stool swabs used in the study were obtained from HIV/AIDS and outpatient clinics at Frere Hospital in East London. A total of 180 each of water, meat and meat products and vegetable samples and another 360 stool samples were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7. Presumptive E. coli O157 was isolated from the samples by culture-based methods and confirmed using Polymerase Chain Reaction techniques. Anti-biogram as well as risk assessment were also carried out using standard methods. The viable counts of presumptive E. coli O157 for water samples ranged between 3.3 × 104 and 1.71 × 105 CFU/ml, and between 1.8 × 104 and 5.04 × 106 CFU/g for meat and meat products, whereas those for vegetables ranged between 1.3 × 103 and 1.6 × 106 CFU/g. The counts of presumptive E. coli O157 for the water and vegetable samples were not significantly different whereas those for meat and meat products were found to be significantly different (P ≤ 0.05). The prevalence rates of presumptive E coli O157 in meat and meat products was 35.55 percent (64/180), and 25.55 percent (46/180) and 21.66 percent (39/180) for water and vegetables respectively. Prevalence of presumptive E. coli O157 in the stool samples of HIV/AIDS patients was 36.39 percent (131/360), of which 56.5 percent (74/131) and 43.5 percent (57/131) were from stools of confirmed and non-confirmed HIV/AIDS patients, respectively. Molecular analysis of representative presumptive E. coli O157 indicated that 10.29 percent (4/39) of vegetables; 14.81 percent (4/27) of water and 38.46 percent (5/13) of meat and meat products carried E. coli O157:H7. Also 36 percent (9/25) and 17.24 percent (5/29) of the stool samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7. Antimicrobial susceptibility profile revealed that all of the E. coli O157:H7 isolated from water, meat and meat products and vegetables as well as those isolated from stools of confirmed and non-confirmed HIV/AIDS patients were resistant (R) to gentamycin and erythromycin. However, 75 percent (20/27) of these isolates were resistant (R) to ampicillin and tetracycline whereas approximately 25 percent (6/27) were resistant (R) to nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol. All the isolates (27/27) were susceptible (S) to amikacin. Probability of risk of E. coli O157:H7 infection was high for confirmed HIV/AIDS patients than for the non-confirmed HIV/AIDS patients. Estimated probability of risk of E. coli O157:H7 due to ingestion of water was 1.00 for 100 confirmed and non-confirmed HIV/AIDS patients. Risk due to meat and meat products was estimated at 0.27 and 0.20 and for vegetables at 0.21 and 0.15 per 100 confirmed and non-confirmed HIV/AIDS patients. The findings of this study predicted a possible link between E. coli O157:H7 isolated from drinking water, meat and meat products and vegetables and diarrhoeic conditions in both confirmed and non-confirmed HIV/AIDS patients, and concludes that confirmed HIV/AIDS patients can be at higher risk of contracting water and food borne E. coli O157:H7 than nonconfirmed HIV/AIDS patients. It is thus recommended that proper water treatment and food handling, maximum food and water safety and sanitation as well as personal body hygiene should be maintained, in order to prevent E. coli O157:H7 infections. Education initiatives and active surveillance of E. coli O157:H7 should be taken by all the stake-holders working directly or indirectly towards ensuring enduring sound public health.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hill, Susan M. "Expression of immunological mediators by intestinal epithelium & mucosa in chronic diarrhoeal diseases of childhood." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242180.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Iqbal, Muhammad. "Studies on the use of DNA as an immunogen in bovine viral diarrhoea virus." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272468.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Davids, Saarah Fatoma Gadija. "The correlation between the serious diseases affecting child mortality in Sierra Leone." University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5364.

Full text

Abstract:

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil
Child mortality in Sierra Leone is the highest ranked in the world. Government officials and researchers have tried to understand how and why this has become such a big phenomenon in Sierra Leone. Researchers have come up with three main causes for child mortality in Sierra Leone: maternal factors, environmental factors and health factors. The majority of research has been carried out on maternal, as well as environmental factors. However, minimal research has been carried out on health factors in Sierra Leone. Therefore, the objective of this study is to see how maternal and environmental factors have an effect on health factors, which in turn causes child mortality. The data used was from the 2008 Sierra Leone Demographic and Household Survey (SLDHS). The child dataset was used as it contained the information required from both the mother and the child. Of the three categories that were used, the first was maternal factors, which included the mother’s age, the mother's occupation, the mother's education, the sex of the child, the birth number and religion. The second category was environmental factors, which included the source of water, type of toilet, place of residence, source of energy and the dwelling material used for the household. The final category was health factors, which included whether the child had a fever in the last 2 weeks, short rapid breaths, a cough or fever, a problem in the chest or runny nose and whether the child had Diarrhoea recently and still has Diarrhoea. The study showed that child mortality had four statistically significant factors associated with it: place of residence, birth number, religion and type of toilet facility. Furthermore, when it came to diseases affecting children, the SLDHS had not given much information, so we looked only at the effects it had on children. From our results, we concluded that ARI, Diarrhoea and Measles each had one variable that was statistically significant to it. As for Pneumonia, there were no variables associated with children contracting the disease.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Jacobson, Magdalena. "Enteric diseases in pigs from weaning to slaughter /." Uppsala : Dept. of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/v158.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Hägglund, Sara. "Epidemiology, detection and prevention of respiratory virus infections in Swedish cattle : with special reference to bovine respiratory syncytial virus /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/2005121.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Kampa, Jaruwan. "Epidemiology of bovine viral diarrhoea virus and bovine herpesvirus type1 infections in dairy cattle herds : evidence of self-clearance and detection of infection with a new atypical pestivirus /." Uppsala : Dept. of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200677.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Hassan, Taha Tariq. "Pathogens affecting the reproductive system of camels in the United Arab Emirates : with emphasis on Brucella abortus, Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus and Bovine Herpes Virus-1: a serological survey in the Al-Ain region /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/10512462.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Welsh, Michael D. "Effects of bovine viral diarrhoea virus/mucosal disease virus on the functional properties of bovine mononuclear cells." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282343.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Taori, Surabhi Kamal. "Clostridium difficile in south-east Scotland : an analysis of severe, recurrent and community-associated disease with a report on the emergence of PCR ribotype 078." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8054.

Full text

Abstract:

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has proven to be a constantly evolving disease periodically posing new diagnostic and clinical dilemmas. Different regions of the world have reported specific local genomic characteristics of the infecting strains, which may be related to variation in disease presentation and outcome. This study was performed to determine the clinical and molecular features of severe, recurrent and community-associated disease in the Lothian region of Scotland, UK among patients diagnosed from August 2010-July 2011. Three hundred and thirty-five patients with laboratory confirmed CDI were studied for epidemiological features, clinical presentation, and laboratory markers. They were followed up for one year to determine recurrence and mortality. Four hundred and thirty-two episodes were recorded. Ribotypes, presence of toxin genes and MLVA subtypes of isolates from these episodes were determined. During the course of the study, PCR ribotype 078 was identified as an important emerging type and concerns of “hypervirulence” were raised when an outbreak was recorded in 2012. This ribotype was studied to compare its clinical and molecular characteristics with other endemic ribotypes and between its own outbreak-related and endemic subtypes. Asymptomatic children were also sampled to determine their role as pools of potential pathogens. Severe episodes accounted for 40.4% of total and 29.3% patients had multiple episodes on record. One-year mortality was 32.8% of which CDI was listed on 25.5% death certificates. Ribotype 078 was confirmed in 6.8% episodes. Community-associated disease was identified in 25.3% patients, which differed significantly from hospital-associated disease in the number of antibiotics and gastrointestinal manipulation prior to CDI. Endemic PCR ribotype 078 caused significantly less recurrent disease and more community- associated disease when compared to the most prevalent ribotype 001. Patients who died from ribotype 078 within 30d had a lower Charlson comorbidity index than ribotype 001 counterparts suggesting that the former may infect healthier patients. MLVA subtyping of ribotype 078 proved useful in identifying epidemiological relationships during the outbreak. CDI had contributed to the death of 50% of all patients infected with the outbreak related ribotype 078 strain compared to 14.3% of those infected with the endemic strains. This study documents the changing epidemiology of CDI in the region and demonstrates differences in epidemic and endemic disease.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Arteiro, Mariana Gutierres. "Estudo epidemiológico em localidade periurbana no município de Guarulhos, SP: acesso ao saneamento e condições de saúde de crianças." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-02102007-143701/.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: Esse estudo foi realizado em área periurbana carente do Município de Guarulhos, SP, que passa por intensa ocupação e necessita de serviços urbanos como saneamento. A localidade é atendida pela Unidade Básica de Saúde Recreio São Jorge que conta com o Programa Saúde da Família. Objetivos: Associar as condições de acesso da população aos serviços de saneamento e a ocorrência de doenças diarréicas em crianças. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal e ecológico, cujas informações provêm das fichas de acompanhamento das 817 crianças da localidade (Ficha C) e fichas de cadastro (Ficha A) das respectivas famílias (728). A ocorrência de diarréia em crianças de 0 a 2 anos foi associada às variáveis ambientais: existência de tratamento domiciliar de água, tipo de acesso à água, tipo de esgotamento sanitário. As variáveis de condições de saneamento foram correlacionadas à ocorrência de diarréia por micro-área. Resultados: A cobertura de abastecimento de água das famílias é 93,18%, embora a intermitência do serviço seja freqüente. O uso de água de poços simultaneamente à da rede pública é comum na localidade. Das famílias, 63,88% tratam água no domicílio, por meio de cloração, fervura ou filtragem e apenas 42,72% possuem sistema de coleta pública dos esgotos. A variável de interação tipo de moradia construída em outros materiais que não tijolos e destino impróprio de esgoto sanitário apresentou associação no modelo de regressão com a ocorrência de doenças diarréicas (p<0,001). O coeficiente de correlação entre a ocorrência de diarréias e o tratamento de água no domicílio foi - 0,395, confirmando a importância do tratamento de água domiciliar. Foi encontrada relação inversa entre a ocorrência de diarréia e a cobertura de coleta dos esgotos sanitários (-0,337). Os locais não servidos pela rede coletora de esgotos apresentaram maior número de fossas ou de lançamento de esgotos a céu aberto, aumentando a probabilidade de disseminação de agentes patogênicos devido às precárias condições de vida da população. O abastecimento de água não apresentou correlação significativa, pois a maioria das famílias tem sua moradia ligada à rede de abastecimento público de água. Conclusão: Embora seja área periurbana carente, a população tem boa cobertura de abastecimento de água, porém a utilização de água de poço e a intermitência do serviço estão presentes. Sendo assim, o tratamento domiciliar da água se mostrou importante como medida preventiva. Em relação aos esgotos sanitários, recomendam-se medidas como provimento da rede coletora dos esgotos quando possível, ou campanhas para promover o uso correto de fossas sépticas.
Introduction: This study was realized in needed periurban area of the City of Guarulhos, SP, which has intense occupation and lacks of urban services as sanitation. The locality is served by the Unidade Básica de Saúde Recreio de São Jorge who is inserted on the Family Health Program. Objectives: To associate conditions of access of population to the services of sanitation and the childrens health conditions. Materials and methods: Thats a transversal and ecological study, whose information come from the files of accompaniment of the 817 children of the locality (Fiche C) and files of register in cadastre (File A) of the respective families (728). The occurrence of diarrhoea disease in children of 0-2 years was associated with these environmental variables: existence of domiciliary water treatment, type of access to the water and type of sanitation. The variables of sanitation conditions had been correlated to the occurrence of diarrhoea disease for micro-area. Results: The covering of water supply of the families is 93.18%; even so the intermittent of this service is frequent. It is common the use of water of wells simultaneously to the public supplying. The families, 63.88% deal with water in the domicile, by means of chlorine, boil or filtering and only 42.72% possesses system of sewers public collection. The interaction variable type of housing constructed in other materials that bricks and improper destination of sanitary sewer are associated in the model of regression with the occurrence of diarrhoea in young children (p<0.001). The correlation coefficient among the occurrence of diarrhoea disease and the water treatment in the domicile was -0.395, confirming the importance of the domiciliary water treatment. It was found inverse relation between occurrence of diarrhoea disease in young children and the covering of collection of the sanitary sewers (-0.337). The places not served by public sewers collecting, have shown a bigger number of pits or throwing in open air increasing the probability of dissemination of pathogenic agents due the precarious life conditions of the population. The water supply did not present significant correlation; therefore the majority of the families are served by public water supplying. Conclusion: Although been a needed periurban area, the population has good covering of water supply; however the well water used and the intermittent of service are present. The domiciliary treatment of water is showed important as prevention. In relation to sanitary sewers, are recommended measured as provisions of the collecting net of sewers when possible, or campaigns to promote the correct use of septic pits.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Kabongo, Prudence Ngalula. "The isolation and characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses from cattle in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2001. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03292005-121311/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Ularamu, H. G. (Hussaini Gulak). "Genetic characterization of bovine viral diarrhoea viruses isolated from cattle in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25556.

Full text

Abstract:

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) has emerged as one of the economically important pathogens in cattle populations with a worldwide distribution and causing a complex of disease syndromes. It is a single-stranded RNA virus of the genus Pestivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Two genotypes (1 and 2) of BVDV exist and can be distinguished on the basis of the 5' non-coding region (5' NCR) of the genome using real-time PCR. This technique is more sensitive, specific, less time consuming and has reduced risks of cross contamination of samples compared to a conventional PCR. Limited information exists on BVDV genetic subtypes in South Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the genotypes of BVDV currently circulating in South African feedlots. A total of 279 specimens (219 tissue samples, 59 trans-tracheal aspirates and one blood sample) were collected from dead and living cattle. Pooled homogenates from the same animals were prepared and total RNA was extracted from 200 μl of the homogenates using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) as described by the manufacturer. A screening test was performed on the pooled samples and positive pools were investigated individually. The Cador BVDV Type 1/2 RT-PCR Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) was used for the real-time PCR assay. The PCR was performed on a Lightcycler® V2 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) real-time PCR machine and the amplified products were detected via fluorescent dyes. The results were read at 530 and 640 nm for BVDV 1 and 2, respectively. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus was detected in a total of 103 samples that included 91 tissue samples, one blood sample and 11 trans-tracheal aspirates. Eighty five of the strains were genotype 1 strains and 18 were genotype 2. These results represent the first documented evidence for the presence of BVDV genotype 2 in South African cattle.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Morse, Tracy Dawn. "A public health approach to reducing diarrhoea caused by infectious diseases in children less than 5 yers of age." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428859.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Ferreira, Gert Marthinus. "The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea antibodies in selected dairy herds and the use of serology in the control of the disease." Pretoria : [s.n.], 1997. http://explore.up.ac.za/record=b1411078.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Reid, Elizabeth. "The characterisation of bovine plasmacytoid dendritic cells and their interaction with Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) and Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV)." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599569.

Full text

Abstract:

Many viruses have evolved complex mechanisms to avoid or block either the induction of, or the action of interferons. Interferons (IFNs) are the main innate cytokines that are able to induce a cellular antiviral state. thereby limiting viral replication and disease pathology. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs) are specialised interferon producing cells and play a crucial role in the control of viral infections. Here we examine the interaction of plasmacytoid dendritic cells with two viruses -both of which are capable of blocking interferon in host cells. Using density gradient separation and cell sorting, we have highly enriched a population of bovine cells capable of producing high levels of biologically active IFN. These cells represented less than 0.1 % of the total lymphocyte population in blood, pseudoafferent lymph, and lymph nodes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Appleby, Richard. "Disease associations of primary bile acid diarrhoea and investigations into potential treatments and a possible metabolic syndrome of low fibroblast growth factor 19." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/44966.

Full text

Abstract:

The endocrine growth factor Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) controls bile acid (BA) synthesis and contributes to lipid and glucose metabolism. FGF19 is released in the terminal Ileum (TI) in response to BA stimulation of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). Low levels are associated with bile acid diarrhoea (BAD), high serum triglycerides and obesity raising the possibility of metabolic syndrome incorporating chronic diarrhoea. The pathogenesis of low FGF19 in individuals is not known and treatments are currently not available. BAD can be reliably diagnosed with a 75Selenium–homocholic acid taurine (SeHCAT) 7 day retention < 15%, a serum FGF19 < 145pg/L or a serum level of the BA precursor; Hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) >28 ng/mL (70nmol/L). Bile acid sequestrants are the only available treatment for BAD but may lower FGF19 further. I hypothesise that low serum FGF19 is caused by reduced ileal production, is associated with non-alcoholic liver disease (NALFD) and that treatment of BAD with BA sequestrants could lower FGF19 further. Three areas of investigation were planned: disease associations of BAD and low FGF19, FGF19 response to FXR agonist in TI explants and FGF19 response to traditional BA sequestrants and a novel colonic release cholestyramine preparation. Disease associations of BAD were studied with a retrospective database of 578 patients with known SeHCAT values and revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 2.5 for BAD and NAFLD. This finding was explored further in a prospective series of 127 patients with NAFLD that showed an OR of 6.2 for BAD. This was associated with increased BA synthesis but with normal FGF19, possibly indicating hepatic FGF19 resistance. Next, a terminal ileal (TI) explant model was used to measure FGF19 mRNA response to FXR stimulation with different compounds. Ten TI explants from patients with low SeHCAT values were stimulated with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and FGF19 mRNA measured by qPCR. Patients with BAD had lower median FGF19 mRNA fold change (16 (range 8-204)) compared to controls (185 (73-416)). Using similar methods, TI explants from asymptomatic patients were incubated. With stimulation with 50mM Cafestol these showed a 3.4 fold increase in FGF19 and the addition of 100mM ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) to 5mM obeticholic acid (OCA) increased FGF19 expression by 2.5 times that of OCA alone. Finally a placebo controlled trial showed that administering cholestyramine in colonic release capsules can ameliorate the FGF19 lowering effect of bile acid sequestrants. I conclude that although there are significant disease associations of primary BAD (NAFLD, gallstones, hypertriglyceridaemia), this association can’t be explained by low FGF19 alone. Since all groups appear to have dysregulated BA metabolism, it appears that there are multiple pathophysiological mechanisms underlying BAD, including reduced ileal FGF19 expression and hepatic FGF19 resistance. The novel binding mechanism of UDCA to ileal BA-binding protein may be useful therapeutic adjunct to increase the potency of OCA and colonic release BA sequestrants are a viable treatment for patients with BAD and increase FGF19 compared to traditional sequestrants.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Lindberg, Ann. "Epidemiology and eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus infections : studies on transmission and prenatal diagnosis of persistent infection /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ruminant Medicine and Veterinary Epidemiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences ([Institutionen för idisslarmedicin och epidemiologi], Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/v132.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Lundborg, Karin. "Housing, management and health in Swedish dairy calves /." Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/v168.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Rahman, Anisur. "Prenatal Arsenic Exposure and Consequences for Pregnancy Outcome and Infant Health : Epidemiological Studies in Bangladesh." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-100770.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this thesis was to analyse possible effects of prenatal arsenic exposure on foetal and infant health. The setting is Bangladesh, where two cohorts were studied, both part of a health and demographic surveillance system in Matlab. A historical cohort 1991-2000 included 29,134 pregnant women with information on drinking water sources and arsenic testing of tube well water. A prospective cohort study included pregnant women 2002 - 2003 where urinary arsenic concentrations were assessed twice during pregnancy; 2,924 women and their pregnancy outcomes were evaluated for foetal loss, perinatal and infant mortality; 1,578 mother-infant pairs were analysed for size at birth; and 1,552 were analysed for morbidity during infancy. Women exposed to arsenic levels ≥ 50 µg/L in water had an increased risk of foetal loss and infant death in comparison with women exposed to arsenic levels < 50 µg/L. These findings were confirmed in the prospective cohort study. Women with urine arsenic concentrations at the 5th quintile had 62% increased risk of spontaneous abortion (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.04 - 2.55) in comparison with women who had arsenic concentrations at the 1st quintile level. Increased risks of perinatal morality (RR 3.01, 95% CI 1.07 - 8.45) and infant mortality (RR 5.01; 95% CI: 1.41 - 17.84) were also observed at the 5th quintile of exposure. Significant negative dose-effect associations were found between arsenic exposure and birth weight, head and chest circumferences at a relatively low level of exposure (<100 µg/L in urine). In this range of exposure birth weight decreased by 1.68 g (SE 0.62) for each 1 µg/L increase of arsenic in urine. In comparison with exposure at the 1st quintile level the risk of lower respiratory tract infection was significantly increased (RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.35-2.07) for women who had urinary arsenic concentrations at the 5th quintile level. The risk was also increased for diarrhoeal diseases. The study findings highlight the negative effects of arsenic exposures on pregnancy outcomes and infant health. Mitigation programs need to be strengthened and women of reproductive ages should be prioritized in arsenic affected regions worldwide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!