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1
Tandon, Ankita, Sushma Dubey, and Surender Kumar Pal. "Identification of diatoms from different rivers in Chhattisgarh." Indian Journal of Forensic and Community Medicine 10, no. 2 (2023): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijfcm.2023.014.
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Diatoms are unique microalgae found in almost all water bodies. They are the only single-celled organisms with a siliceous cell wall or frustules and are ubiquitous in water bodies. Their presence and diversity make them valuable in forensic investigations, particularly in cases of drowning. Diatoms can serve as trace evidence by linking suspects to crime scene. The diversity of diatom species varies across different areas influenced by environmental factors and seasonal variations. Extensive research has been conducted on diatoms in various states of India, but the diversity of diatoms was not studied in the major rivers of the Chhattisgarh region. In this study, we aimed to address this gap by conducting a taxonomic analysis of diatoms and adding them to a new database. Samples were collected from different rivers in Chhattisgarh resulting in the identification of 34 diatom species. This study contributes to understanding diatom diversity in the region and enhances the forensic potential of diatoms in future investigations.
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Prahardika, Bayu Agung, and Widi Muhammad Lutsfi Dwi Styawan. "The Epilithic Diatom Community as a Bioindicator of water quality Brangkal Subwatershed in the Mojokerto Area." Jurnal Biodjati 7, no. 2 (2022): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15575/biodjati.v7i2.20439.
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Diatoms are widely used as bioindicators of water quality because of their short life cycle and sensitivity to changes of environmental conditions in waters. One type of diatom that is used as a bioindicator is an epilithic diatom. Epilithic diatoms are one of the diatom microalgae communities attached to rock, so they are difficult to be carried away by currents. This study aimed to determine the type, composition, abundance, diversity, and dominance of epilithic diatoms found in the waters of the Brangkal subwatershed, and to determine the quality of water in the Brangkal subwatershed based on the epilithic diatom tropic index. Epilithic diatom samples were taken from 4 stations in the Brangkal subwatershed, Mojokerto Regency at the beginning of the dry season (July-August). The analysis carried out includes abundance, diversity index, dominance index, and Diatom Trophic Index (TDI). Based on the results of the study, 17 genera of epilithic diatoms were found, with the highest abundance of epilithic diatoms, including Navicula, Cocconeis, Nitszchia, and Gomphonema. The diversity index of all stations was in the medium category, with a value between 1.206 to 1.882. The lowest dominance index at station 1 was 0.167 and the highest was at station 4 with 0.373. In addition, the observed water quality is based on the Diatom Trophic Index (TDI), stations 1 to 3 are in a good category, and stations 4 are in a bad category.
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Dianto, Aan, Taofik Jasalesmana, Luki Subehi, Ahmad Yusuf Afandi, and Ardo Ramdhani. "Surface Sediment Diatom as A Water Quality Indicator: Case Study: Cilalay and Cibuntu Ponds, Cibinong." Indonesian Journal of Limnology 1, no. 1 (2021): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.51264/inajl.v1i1.1.
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Diatom is classified as algae within the Division of Bacillariophyta. They are unicellular eukaryotic organisms characterized by siliceous cell walls that can be long preserved in sediments. Therefore, diatom analysis in sediment records is a potential water quality indicator for present or paleo studies. The current knowledge on the distribution and diversity of diatoms in the sediment in the urban pond is poorly known. This study aimed to identify the distribution and diversity of diatoms from the sediments of the pond. We expect to obtain a primary database of a variety of diatoms. The sediment samples were taken from Cibuntu and Cilalay Ponds in Cibinong Botanical Garden. Sediments were digested using HCL and H2O2. The resulting diatom solution was dried and transferred onto glass coverslip, which subsequently mounted onto microscope slides using Naphrax (Refraction index 1.7). Diatom identification was examined using a light microscope at 1,000x magnification. Diatom communities in Cibuntu Pond were dominated by species Aulacoseria ambigua, Eunotia bilunaris, Cymbopleura sp, Discostella stelligera, and Rossithidium sp with diversity index of 2.4 and species evenness of 0.8. Whereas, species Fragilaria sp, Eunotia monodon, Navicymbula pusilla, Eunotia bilunaris, and Pinnularia viridis were predominant in Cilalay Pond with diversity index of 1.6 and species evenness of 0.5. Based on the diatom community, Cibuntu Pond is eutrophic indicated by the occurrence of Aulacoseria ambigua, whereas Cilalay Pond is meso-eutrophic indicated by the dominance of Fragillaria. This exploratory survey provides the first inventory of diatom assemblage in Cibuntu and Cilalay Ponds for roughly inferring the environmental changes in a shallow lake ecosystem.
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Ritter, Catarina, Pedro Raposeiro, and Vítor Gonçalves. "Diatom diversity and distribution in Madeira Island streams (Portugal)." Biodiversity Data Journal 8 (December 16, 2020): e59813. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e59813.
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Here we present the data obtained from the samples collected in a field campaign during the spring of 2015 which aims for a better understanding of the diversity and distribution patterns of freshwater diatoms in Madeira Island. Following European and Portuguese standards and recommendations for routine diatom sampling and analysis, we collected samples in 40 sites distributed in 27 permanent streams and identified the diatom species present using general diatom floras and studies in Portuguese freshwater diatoms.Little is known about the diversity and distribution of freshwater diatoms assemblages from Madeira Archipelago. This study reports a survey in 40 sites in Madeira Island distributed in 27 permanent streams. A total of 965 diatom (Bacillariophyta) occurences were recorded, beloging to 130 different taxa from 44 genera and 27 families. The families with the highest number of occurrences were Bacillariaceae (176), Achnanthidiaceae (135) and Naviculaceae (133). The two diatom endemisms described previously in Madeira Island (Lange-Bertalot, 1993), <em>Nitzschia macaronesica</em> Lange-Bertalot and <em>Navicula madeirensis </em>Lange-Bertalot, were only observed in a small number of sites located mostly at Laurissilva forest. Sixty species are newly recorded, not only to Madeira Island, but also to the Madeira Archipelago.
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Ananingtyas, Yesie Rahayu, I. Gede Hendrawan, and Yulianto Suteja. "Diatom Epipelik sebagai Bioindikator Pencemaran di Estuari Suwung." Journal of Marine and Aquatic Sciences 4, no. 1 (2017): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jmas.2018.v4.i01.120-128.
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Epiphelic diatoms are the living diatoms adhere to the bottom substrate of the waters. Epiphelic diatoms ware used as bioindicators because sensivity of enviromental change, widely distributed, and ware not affected by currents. Epiphelic diatom research as a bioindicator of pollution in the Suwung estuary was conducted in December 2016 and January 2017. The sampling of epiphelic diatom using the method of "Lens tissue trapping method". The results of research in December 2016 found 34 species of epiphelic diatoms, while in January 2017 found 24 species of epiphelic diatom. Species that are often found in this study are Pleurosigma clavei, Rhabdonema arcuatum, Synedra gailloni and Gomphonema angustatum. The highst of epipelic diatom abundance in estuari suwung in January 2017 was 8.82 Ind/and the lowest epiphelic diatom abundance of 0.41 Ind/. The assessment of contamination using epiphelic diatom using two methods such as diversity index and saprobik index. The pollution assessment based on the diversity index shows that in December 2016 it was varied, not contaminated, mildly polluted, moderately polluted while the saprobic index-based valuation was varied ie clean, moderately polluted and heavily polluted. Assessment of pollution with saprobik index is used to know the contamination of organic matter. Diversity index in January 2017 and the saprobic index had the same pattern that almost of station research in Suwung estuary research stations were moderately polluted and there was an increase in pollution
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Kamberović, Jasmina, Marija Gligora Udovič, Antonija Kulaš, et al. "The Diatom Diversity and Ecological Status of a Tufa-Depositing River through eDNA Metabarcoding vs. a Morphological Approach—A Case Study of the Una River (Bosnia and Herzegovina)." Microorganisms 12, no. 8 (2024): 1722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081722.
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Tufa deposits in karst rivers are unique habitats created by mutual interactions between specific environmental and biotope features and inhabited by diatoms as a highly abundant and diverse algal group. This pilot study aimed to investigate the diversity of diatom communities on tufa depositing habitats and assess the Una River’s ecological status using a comparative molecular and morphological approach for diatom identification. The 312 base pairs of the rbcL gene were barcoded and analyzed using MiSeq reads and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) obtained by the DADA2 pipeline. The reference database Diat.barcode v7 was used for taxonomic assignment. The morphological identification of the diatoms was carried out in parallel. In total, the combined dataset revealed 46 taxa identified at genus rank, 125 on the subgenus, and 145 on combined taxonomy rank. The metabarcoding approach mostly leads to a lower number of identified taxa at species rank (58 in molecular vs. 119 in optical inventory), resulting in higher values of beta diversity and heterogeneity in diatom assemblages in samples obtained by morphological approach. Despite the high percentage of taxonomically not assigned diatom ASVs to the species rank, high Shannon diversity index values and a similar number of taxa per locations compared to the morphological approach were obtained. Taxa Achnanthidium minutissimum (Kützing) Czarnecki, Achnanthidium pyrenaicum (Hustedt) H.Kobayasi, Amphora pediculus (Kützing) Grunow, Diatoma vulgaris Bory, Navicula cryptotenella Lange-Bertalot, and Navicula tripunctata (O.F.Müller) Bory were identified at all locations in both inventories. Although limited consistency in the diatom abundances between the two inventory datasets was found, a similar grouping of samples was observed connected to the river’s longitudinal gradient. The data obtained using molecular approach in most sites indicated a mostly lower ecological status (good or moderate) compared to the data obtained from the morphological approach (high, good, and moderate). The potential of environmental DNA (eDNA) diatom metabarcoding for water monitoring and diversity studies is undeniable, but to fully realize the benefits of these methods in the future, it is essential to standardize protocols and expand the reference database for species found in specific habitats, such as tufa deposits.
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Trbojevic, Ivana, Dragana Predojevic, Gordana Subakov-Simic, and Jelena Krizmanic. "Periphytic diatoms in the presence of a cyanobacterial bloom: A case study of the Vrutci Reservoir in Serbia." Archives of Biological Sciences 71, no. 2 (2019): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs181120003t.
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Despite their unique ecology and implications for ecological assessment, diatoms in lentic ecosystems are still insufficiently studied in both scientific research and operational monitoring. In particular, the ecology of periphytic diatoms relative to the global expansion of cyanobacterial blooms in lakes has not been described at all. This study aims to describe the diversity and dynamics of a periphytic diatom community in the Vrutci Reservoir during Planktothrix rubescens bloom, and to evaluate the adequacy of standard diatom index implementation in lentic ecosystems relative to the diatom index adapted for lakes ? the Trophic Diatom Index for Lakes (TDIL). The study was conducted in the Vrutci Reservoir in western Serbia. Periphyton was developed on an artificial glass substrate during the summer of 2015, following a depth gradient of a stratified water column. Diatom diversity and abundance, as well as diatom indices were estimated. Discounting the cyanobacterial bloom, 79 taxa of diatoms were recorded and among them the species Aneumastus stroesei as the first representative of the entire genus Aneumastus ever to be detected in Serbia. Diatom distribution along the depth gradient was clearly associated with shifts in environmental conditions. TDIL showed an advantage over standard diatom indices in terms of stability during experimental period and uniformity along the depth gradient, indicating the necessity for further testing of this index performance in lakes, and consequently local water-quality legislation update.
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Sukma, Ayu Maulida, and Noverita Dian Takarina. "Relationship of diatom phytoplankton (Bacillariophyceae) diversity with water quality and heavy metal in Angke and Grogol Rivers, Jakarta City." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1083, no. 1 (2022): 012071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1083/1/012071.
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Abstract Jakarta City is passing by 2 rivers, they are Angke and Grogol Rivers. These rivers are a source of phytoplankton including diatom Bacillariophyceae. Whereas recently, those rivers have received heavy metal inputs that may affect the water quality and also the diatom diversity. Then this study aims to assess the relationship of diatom phytoplankton belonging to Bacillariophyceae diversity with water quality and heavy metal in Angke and Grogol Rivers, Jakarta City. The diversity was quantified using the Shannon-Wiener index (H’) and the relationships were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results show the diversity of diatoms in both rivers were significantly different (P < 0.05) with the diatom diversity in Grogol (H’ = 1.175) being higher than in Angke (H’ = 0.8175). Mean heavy metal values in Grogol River were recorded higher (P < 0.05) than in Angke as observed in Cu (0.61 mg/L) and Pb. According to the PCA results, water turbidity along with Zn and Cu were the limiting factors for the diversity of diatom Bacillariophyceae.
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Chattová, Barbora. "Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) associated with lichens from Ulu Peninsula (James Ross Island, NE Antarctic Peninsula)." Czech Polar Reports 8, no. 2 (2018): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2018-2-12.
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Since 2000, the entire Antarctic diatom flora is being revised using a more fine-grained taxonomy based on a better analysis and interpretation of the morphological and molecular observations. Despite the increased diatom research and efforts, the diversity and ecology of diatoms of lichen inhabiting flora of James Ross Island weren’t studied yet. To reveal the actual diatom diversity, samples were collected during February and March 2018 from lichens on the Ulu Peninsula, James Ross Island, a 2,450 km2 large island, situated in the north-western part of the Weddell Sea, close to the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. The analysis of 29 lichen samples revealed the presence of 56 diatom taxa belonging to 17 genera. The most abundant species were Luticola muticopsis, Hantzschia amphioxys f. muelleri, Pinnularia borealisvar.scalaris, Luticola aff. pusilla and Achnanthes muelleri. Biogeographically, the lichen-inhabiting diatom flora of the Ulu Peninsula is composed of cosmopolitan, Antarctic and endemic elements. The present study is the first focusing on the diversity of lichen-inhabiting diatom communities on James Ross Island, revealing the presence of a rather species rich diatom flora.
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Kanjer, Lucija, Roksana Majewska, Bart Van de Vijver, Romana Gračan, Bojan Lazar, and Sunčica Bosak. "Diatom Diversity on the Skin of Frozen Historic Loggerhead Sea Turtle Specimens." Diversity 12, no. 10 (2020): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12100383.
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In recent years, biofilm-forming diatoms have received increased attention as sea turtle epibionts. However, most of the research has focused on carapace-associated taxa and communities, while less is known about diatoms growing on sea turtle skin. The current study investigated diatom diversity on the skin of loggerhead sea turtle heads detached from the carcasses found along the Adriatic coast between 1995 and 2004 and stored frozen for a prolonged period of time. By using both light and scanning electron microscopy we have found diatom frustules in 7 out of 14 analysed sea turtle samples. Altogether, 113 diatom taxa were recorded, with a minimum of seven and a maximum of 35 taxa per sample. Eight taxa, Achnanthes elongata, Berkeleya cf. fennica, Chelonicola sp., Licmophora hyalina, Nagumoea sp., Navicula sp., Nitzschia cf. lanceolata, and Poulinea lepidochelicola exceeded 5% of relative abundance in any one sample. The presumably obligately epizoic diatom taxa, A. elongata, Chelonicola sp., and P. lepidochelicola, dominated in six loggerhead samples, contributing up to 97.1% of the total diatom abundance. These observations suggest that on the sea turtle skin highly specialised taxa gain even greater ecological advantage and dominance over the co-occurring benthic forms than in the carapace biofilms. The suitability of frozen sea turtle skin specimens for diatom analysis and limitations of this approach are discussed.
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Đukić, Nikola, Tatjana Jakšić, Olivera Papović, and Predrag Vasić. "Diatom species composition and their seasonal dynamics in the Timok River basin." Bulletin of Natural Sciences Research 11, no. 2 (2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bnsr11-25709.
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The aim of this paper was to present the composition and seasonal dynamics of epilthic diatoms in the Timok River basin. The diatom samples were collected along the Timok River basin in March, May, August and November 2017. Permanent diatom slides were prepared after oxidizing the organic material by the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The cleaned diatom materials were mounted on permanent slides using ZRAX glue. A total of 85 taxa were identified in the Timok River Basin. The benthic diatom taxa belong to 31 genera with the highest diversity observed within Navicula Bory (15), Nitzschia Hassall (12) and Gomphonema Ehrenberg (8). Quantitative analysis showed that in all seasons, Achnanthidium minutissimum and Amphora pediculus were dominant taxa. In May, they were joined by the Achnanthidium pyrenaicum, Gomphonema olivaceum and Ulnaria ulna; in August by the Cocconeis placentula, Denticula kuetzingii, Melosira varians, Navicula metareichardtiana, Nitzschia capitellata, N. fonticola and N. palea; in November by the D. kuetzingii, G. olivaceum, G. pumilum, N. metareichardtiana, N. veneta, Nitzschia capitellata and N. palea and in March by A. pyrenaicum, Diatoma moniliformis, G. olivaceum, N. palea and U. ulna. Our research is the floristical and ecological study of benthic diatoms in this basin and can form the groundwork for further research work.
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Dawson, H. M., K. R. Heal, A. Torstensson, L. T. Carlson, A. E. Ingalls, and J. N. Young. "Large Diversity in Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Containing Compatible Solute Profiles in Polar and Temperate Diatoms." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 6 (2020): 1401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa133.
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Synopsis Intense bottom-ice algal blooms, often dominated by diatoms, are an important source of food for grazers, organic matter for export during sea ice melt, and dissolved organic carbon. Sea-ice diatoms have a number of adaptations, including accumulation of compatible solutes, that allows them to inhabit this highly variable environment characterized by extremes in temperature, salinity, and light. In addition to protecting them from extreme conditions, these compounds present a labile, nutrient-rich source of organic matter, and include precursors to climate active compounds (e.g., dimethyl sulfide [DMS]), which are likely regulated with environmental change. Here, intracellular concentrations of 45 metabolites were quantified in three sea-ice diatom species and were compared to two temperate diatom species, with a focus on compatible solutes and free amino acid pools. There was a large diversity of metabolite concentrations between diatoms with no clear pattern identifiable for sea-ice species. Concentrations of some compatible solutes (isethionic acid, homarine) approached 1 M in the sea-ice diatoms, Fragilariopsis cylindrus and Navicula cf. perminuta, but not in the larger sea-ice diatom, Nitzschia lecointei or in the temperate diatom species. The differential use of compatible solutes in sea-ice diatoms suggests different adaptive strategies and highlights which small organic compounds may be important in polar biogeochemical cycles.
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Eliasz-Kowalska, Monika, Agata Z. Wojtal та Sophia Barinova. "Influence of Selected Environmental Factors on Diatom β Diversity (Bacillariophyta) and the Value of Diatom Indices and Sampling Issues". Water 14, № 15 (2022): 2315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14152315.
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Human impacts and environmental climate changes have led to a progressive decline in the diversity of diatoms in lakes in the recent past. The components of β diversity (e.g., species turnover and nestedness) and underlying factors are still poorly understood. Here, we report an investigation of two alternative approaches—beta diversity (β diversity) partitioning and local contribution to β diversity (LCBD)—including their responses to selected environmental factors and representativeness of samples in estimating the ecological fitness of a lake. The β diversity of diatoms and their local contributions could be explained by the effects of environmental variables (p < 0.01). The random forest method showed the most contribution to the variance for NO3−, Cl−, and SO42−. PERMANOVA as well as a network analysis in JASP (Jeffrey’s Amazing Statistics Program) showed significant differences between the seasons in diatom assemblages and in the diatom index for Polish lakes (IOJ). Our findings provide insights into the mechanisms responsible for community organizations along environmental gradients from the perspective of β diversity components, and mechanisms of the indication value of diatoms for lakes; the results could be used especially by countries implementing ecological assessments.
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Arena, Christopher M., John L. Galebach, Thomas M. Mandichak, J. Michael Engle, and Merrilee G. Anderson. "Identification of diatoms in a healthy Pennsylvania stream compared to three downstream sites impacted by Abandoned Mine Drainage." Fine Focus 1, no. 1 (2014): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/ff.1.1.29-38.
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Life in a healthy stream can be severely impacted by changes in pH and other water quality parameters. This study reveals differences in diatom diversity and water quality characteristics in a central Pennsylvania stream. One healthy site was compared to three nearby sites affected by abandoned mine drainage during a July sampling in 2013. Permanent slides were made and microscopically assessed for diatom identification. The healthy stream contained eleven diatom genera while the site most impacted by mine drainage showed only one diatom, Eunotia exigua. Data were analyzed for Shannon diversity index and species richness. Water samples showed differences in pH, aluminum, sulfate, and iron. This work demonstrates the use of diatoms as bioindicators of stream health.
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El Rahimi, Sayyid Afdhal, Adryan Kryk, Sulastri Arsad, Oktiyas Muzaky Luthfi, Andik Isdianto, and M. Azurea Bahri Luthfi. "Identification coral reef diatom using scanning electron microscope at Nature Reserve Pulau Sempu (NRPS), East Java." Depik 13, no. 1 (2024): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.13.1.29516.
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Diatom, Bacillariophyceae, has an important role in environmental support because these algae contribute to 25% of the oxygen supply globally and each year represent 40% of primary production by fixed carbon using photosynthesis. Diatom samples were obtained from 3 different sites in around NRPS. Cleaning diatoms analyzed using SEM for describe ultrastructure in diatom valves. Three dominant diatoms Cocconeidaceae and Bacillariaceae from the south Java Sea (Indian Ocean). Basic information regarding the diversity of diatoms, and the success of photoautotrophic micro-algae that can be found both in marine and freshwater habitats, is very important to describe the role of each taxon from an ecology perspective in the future. Samples are taken from the substrate of 3 stations in Nature Reserve Pulau Sempu and prepared in the laboratory for scanning electron microscopy photographs. Clear and detailed features diatom frustule of SEM photograph reveal a schild diatom (Cocconeis) and panduriform diatom (Psammodictyon) are dominating taxa in NRSP areas.Keywords:Hard coralCocconeisPsammodictyonPulau SempuDiatom
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Ludikova, Anna V. "Diatoms in the Early Valdai (Weichselian) sediments in Lake Ladoga basin." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 2(20) (2019): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2019-2(20)-225-228.
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The pioneer diatom study of the Early Weichselian (Valdai) sediments in Lake Ladoga basin was performed. The specifics of the diatom assemblages (co-occurrence of ecologically incompatible taxa, poor species diversity, low diatom concentration and selective preservation) suggest that during the Early Weichselian time intense erosion of previously deposited marine Eemian (Mikulino) sediments prevailed, which resulted in re-deposition of marine diatoms. The sedimentation took place in high-energy environments unfavorable for diatom accumulation and preservation.
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Okito, Alain Mosindo, René Woto Oleko, Zoë Madder, and Christine Cocquyt. "Epiphytic diatoms on herbarium material from the Central Forest phytogeographic region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Plant Ecology and Evolution 154, no. 2 (2021): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1763.
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Background and aims – Epiphytic diatoms are excellent bio-indicators of the present and past ecological condition of aquatic ecosystems. In order to reconstruct the diatom history and to evaluate its diversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, epiphytic diatoms were sampled from herbarium specimens of aquatic plants deposited at the National Herbarium of the Congo at Yangambi (YBI) and at the herbarium of Meise Botanic Garden (BR).Material and methods – In YBI, nine specimens belonging to the Nymphaeaceae, three to the Ceratophyllaceae, and 12 to the Lentibulariaceae collected in the Central Forest phytogeographic region were sampled for diatom investigation. In addition, nine Nymphaea lotus specimens were sampled in BR. Semi-quantitative analyses were performed by light microscopy on permanent diatom slides.Key results – Analyses of the epiphytic diatom communities on YBI and BR materials showed a large diversity of 132 species belonging to 44 genera. Taxa belonging to the genus Eunotia were relatively the most abundant in all studied samples followed by Frustulia saxonica and a Desmogonium sp. The diatom communities on Nymphaea were as varied as on Ceratophyllum, while on Utricularia, a significant lower diversity was observed. The Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Generic Diatom Index (GDI) showed that the water quality in the Central Forest phytogeographic region was overall good during the 20th century. They point to oligotrophic conditions for the running waters with a slight increase towards more mesotrophic conditions from the 1950s onwards. The only sample in the present study indicating mesotrophic condition was from a swamp.Conclusions – The results on the epiphytic diatoms present on herbarium material can serve as a basis for sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems in D.R. Congo. In absence of an in-depth knowledge of the species and their ecological preferences, a genus-based TDI and IDG have proven to be valuable tools for water quality monitoring in tropical Africa.
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Malviya, Shruti, Eleonora Scalco, Stéphane Audic, et al. "Insights into global diatom distribution and diversity in the world’s ocean." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 11 (2016): E1516—E1525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509523113.
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Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) constitute one of the most diverse and ecologically important groups of phytoplankton. They are considered to be particularly important in nutrient-rich coastal ecosystems and at high latitudes, but considerably less so in the oligotrophic open ocean. The Tara Oceans circumnavigation collected samples from a wide range of oceanic regions using a standardized sampling procedure. Here, a total of ∼12 million diatom V9-18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ribotypes, derived from 293 size-fractionated plankton communities collected at 46 sampling sites across the global ocean euphotic zone, have been analyzed to explore diatom global diversity and community composition. We provide a new estimate of diversity of marine planktonic diatoms at 4,748 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Based on the total assigned ribotypes, Chaetoceros was the most abundant and diverse genus, followed by Fragilariopsis, Thalassiosira, and Corethron. We found only a few cosmopolitan ribotypes displaying an even distribution across stations and high abundance, many of which could not be assigned with confidence to any known genus. Three distinct communities from South Pacific, Mediterranean, and Southern Ocean waters were identified that share a substantial percentage of ribotypes within them. Sudden drops in diversity were observed at Cape Agulhas, which separates the Indian and Atlantic Oceans, and across the Drake Passage between the Atlantic and Southern Oceans, indicating the importance of these ocean circulation choke points in constraining diatom distribution and diversity. We also observed high diatom diversity in the open ocean, suggesting that diatoms may be more relevant in these oceanic systems than generally considered.
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SUPONO, SUPONO, and SITI HUDAIDAH. "Short Communication: The diversity of epipelic diatoms as an indicator of shrimp pond environmental quality in Lampung Province, Indonesia." Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity 19, no. 4 (2018): 1220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190406.
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Supono, Hudaidah S. 2018. Short Communication: The diversity of epipelic diatoms as an indicator of shrimp pondenvironmental quality in Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1220-1226. Epipelic diatoms live by attaching to sediment.Their existence is strongly affected by water and sediment quality. The purpose of this research was to analyze the structure ofepipelic diatom populations on the bottom of shrimp ponds and to determine the correlation between epipelic diatom diversityand the quality of water and of pond bottom sediment. This exploratory research was conducted on twelve shrimp ponds during thewater preparation period (pre-stocking). Data were collected to analyze the correlation between water and sediment qualities. The resultsshowed that Nitzschia and Pleurosigma were the dominant epipelic diatoms in the shrimp ponds. Epipelic diatom diversity in shrimpponds was affected by water quality parameters (namely total alkalinity, organic matter and nitrate) as well as sediment qualityparameters (namely cation exchange capacity, clay content and organic matter content).
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Rai, Shiva Kumar, and Sudip Khadka. "Diversity and distribution of diatoms in Bagmati River, Kathmandu, Nepal." Himalayan Biodiversity 6 (December 2, 2018): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hebids.v6i0.33527.
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Diversity and distribution of diatoms in different seasons from different localities and habitats of Bagmati River, Kathmandu was studied. Samples were collected as epilithic forms using a toothbrush, epipelic forms using a dropper, and epiphytic forms by squeezing aquatic macrophytes and were preserved in FAA solution. The dominant diatom taxa of Bagmati river were Achnanthes crenulata, Gomphonema pseudoaugur, Nitzschia linearis, N. palea, Pinnularia cf divergens and Surirella linearis. Out of 48 taxa reported, maximum taxa (87.5%) were found at Mulkharka site whereas taxa were minimum (39.58%) at Pashupati-Guheshwori site. The sizes of diatom cell, from largest to smallest, also followed the same pattern as above. Ten diatom taxa were common in all three sites. Seasonal and habitat diversity of diatom studied in Mulkharka site showed that the maximum number of taxa was reported during summer (92.85%) and least during winter (23.8%), and maximum taxa were found as epilithic (85.71%) followed by epipelic (38.09%) and epiphytic (33.33%).
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Meenakshi, Singh, and Parikh Punita. "Freshwater diatoms as bio-indicators in urban wetlands of Central Gujarat, India. Indian." Indian Journal of Ecology 47, no. 1 (2020): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3961445.
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<strong>Abstract: </strong>The current study attempts to understand the diatom community structure and their role as bio-indicator in the urban wetlands of central Gujarat. The remarkable variation in the composition and distribution of various diatom species were observed. A total of 26 diatom species distributed among 16 genera, highlights rich biodiversity of the region. Among all, high count of certain diatom species namely Nitzschia palea, N. amphibia, N. gracilis, Pinnularia biceps, Navicula radiosa, N. lanceolata, N. cryptocephala, N. obtusa, Gomphonema parvulum, G. olivaceum, Synedra ulna, S. acus, Amphora ovalis, Eunotia lunaris and Stephanodiscus hantzschii were key indicator diatom species. Only pennate diatoms were present at Manjalpur wetland which is highly polluted and eutrophic in nature. Mesotrophic conditions at Harni wetland and Gotri wetland represented dominance of pollution tolerant species. Bhaily wetland is the least polluted among studied wetlands and showed highest diversity of pollution sensitive diatoms. These results provided insights into the ecological importance of endemic diatoms found in urban ecosystems.
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Valieva, Elvira A., Gulnara R. Nigamatzyanova, Niyaz M. Nigmatullin, Danis K. Nurgaliev, and Larisa A. Frolova. "Detailed results of diatom analysis of bottom sediments from lake Big Miassovo (Chelyabinsk region, Russia)." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 1(28) (2022): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2022-2(29)-110-116.
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Diatoms are good indicators of a variety of lake water conditions including salinity, pH, light availability, temperature and nutrient levels, but diatoms as palaeoindicators are relatively poorly studied in the Chelyabinsk region. The diatom results of analysis a 498 cm long continuous sediments core from the Lake Big Miassovo (Southern Urals, Russia) are presented. The core was collected in July 2018 from central part of the lake from a depth of 24 m. Diatom analysis of 51 samples revealed 124 taxa, belonging to 47 genera. Diatom diagram has been divided into two diatom zones and five subzones on the basis on changing diatom abundances and taxa composition. The predominance of cosmopolitan, alkaliphilic benthic, oligogalobic species with the growth under the moderate temperatures is noted. The prevalence of Handmannia comta diatom in sediments have been established. The first period reflected the stage of an oligotrophic-mesotrophic lake with a low water level. The second period is characterized by an increase in the number of planktonic species and diversity of diatoms communities, the formation of a deep water body in a warm climate.
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Bukhchuluun, Tsegmid, and Tuulaikhuu Baigal-Amar. "Diatom diversity of Western Khentey Mountain area, Mongolia." Проблемы ботаники южной сибири и монголии 19, no. 2 (2020): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/pbssm.2020114.
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The main objective of this study was to quantify the diatom flora richness and analyze the diversitystructure in the aquatic habitats in Western Khentey Mountain area. During the diatom study of some streams andrivers namely Barchuluut, Huder, Ichleg, Shariin gol, and Sharlan rivers, which are located in western part of Khenteymountains, 98 species of diatoms were registered and the result compared with literature sources. In the water bodies inthe western part of Khentey mountains totally 673 species and subspecies of algae were registered (Bacillariophyceae(640), Coscinodiscophyceae (20), Mediophyceae (13)). They represent 35 percent of Mongolian algae flora.
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Andrews, George W. "Miocene diatoms from Richmond, Virginia." Journal of Paleontology 60, no. 2 (1986): 497–538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000022010.
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In downtown Richmond, Va., a highly diatomaceous deposit contains a diatom assemblage in which 87 taxa have been identified. The diatoms indicate that this sedimentary unit is correlative with Lithologic Unit 19 of the Choptank Formation of middle Miocene age. Also in Richmond, a sedimentary unit correlated with the Eastover Formation overlies the Choptank Formation and contains a sparse diatom assemblage in which 24 taxa have been identified. The diatoms in this upper deposit form an assemblage that is distinctive from that of the Choptank Formation and is of late Miocene age. Both diatom assemblages are dominated by taxa indicating deposition in a littoral or shallow neritic marine environment. Although reasons for differences in diatom diversity and abundance between the two formations are obscure, these differences appear to reflect the greater primary productivity of diatoms in middle Miocene than in later Tertiary time.
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Letáková, Markéta, Marco Cantonati, Petr Hašler, Angeli Nicola, and Aloisie Poulíčková. "Substrate specificity and fine-scale distribution of epiphytic diatoms in a shallow tarn in the Brenta Dolomites (south-eastern Alps)." Plant Ecology and Evolution 149, no. (2) (2016): 144–56. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2016.1206.
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<b>Background and aims</b> – The host-specificity of epiphytic diatom species has long been debated. Scuba divers sampled epiphytic diatoms in the shallow Alpine Lake Valagola (average depth c. 2 m) along seven transects (length: 30–144 m) in West-East direction. The bottom of the tarn was covered by macrophytes dominated by <i>Chara aspera</i> and <i>Potamogeton gramineus.</i> Factors affecting epiphytic-diatom spatial distribution at a fine scale were tested.<b>Methods</b> – Dataset was tested using Redundancy Analysis (CANOCO package) and one-way ANOVA (NCSS package).<b>Key results</b> – The analysis separated sampling sites into two groups: the tarn shore dominated by <i>Potamogeton gramineus</i>, and the central area dominated by <i>Chara aspera</i>. Diatom species richness, diversity, and composition differed significantly between the two main host plants. <i>Potamogeton gramineus</i> assemblages were characterized by higher species richness and diversity, and by the large-celled, adnate diatom species <i>Epithemia adnata, Rhopalodia gibba, Eunotia arcus</i> and <i>E. arcubus. Chara aspera</i> was preferred by the small-celled, motile diatom species <i>Brachysira neoexilis</i> and <i>Encyonopsis cesatii</i>.<b>Conclusions</b> – The spatial distribution of epiphytic diatoms in the shallow, oligo-mesotrophic Lake Valagola is influenced by host plant composition and distribution. Epiphyton size structure suggests that <i>Chara</i> represents a less appropriate substrate for long diatoms.
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Afifah, Jihan, Riche Hariyati, and Tri Retnaningsih Soeprobowati. "Epilithic Diatoms Diversity in The Reservoir of Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang." Indonesian Journal of Limnology 2, no. 1 (2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.51264/inajl.v2i1.8.
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Diatom biodiversity is an increasing concern due to growing human impact, the study was carried out in one of the most important water storage reservoirs of Tembalang Region. The anthropogenic activity influence of diatom diversity in the UNDIP Reservoir. The reservoir of Universitas Diponegoro (UNDIP) Semarang was an area of 1.24 km2, with the deepest part of 15 meters, and able to accommodate water up to 13500 m3. This study aims to determine the relative abundance, diversity, evenness, dominance of diatoms and is expected to provide information about the condition of the waters in the Diponegoro University Reservoir, Semarang. Littoral benthic diatoms of five locations were sampled. Diatoms slides were prepared from scraping the rock surface with an area of 3x3 cm, dilute in 50 ml distilled water, and identification under the microscope with 1000 magnification. Analysis of the physical characteristics of the waters includes Temperature, pH, DO, TDS, Conductivity, and Turbidity. The diatom composition in UNDIP Reservoir consists of 72 species that belong to 20 genera. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranges from 2-3. The dominance index (D) ranges from 0.05-0.17. The Evenness index (E) ranges from 0.54-0.90. Water quality parameters showed a fairly good value in the growth of diatoms. Dominated by periphytic taxa such as Cyclotella meneghiniana (15.72%), Brachysira microcephala (9.93%), and Achnanthidium minutissima (6.84%) which are widely distributed and live at temperatures of 20-30?C and pH >6.
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Denisov, Dmitrii B., and Anna L. Kosova. "Perspective of the diatom research in the Arctic." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 2(20) (2019): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2019-2(20)-45-49.
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Large-scale diatom communities and diatom complexes of lake sediments researches in the Euro-Arctic region have been carried out. The high efficiency of bioindication of water quality and the state of ecosystems based on diatoms have been shown for the water quality assessment and anthropogenic loads rationing on water resources of high latitudes. Diatom assemblages from lake sediments of different types of aquatic ecosystems reflect the present-day warming of the Arctic climate and the effects of aerotechnogenic pollution. Diatom assemblages of surface (0–1 cm) layers of lake sediments could well serve for the integral assessment of the state of ecosystems and water quality. Diatoms diversity of the Green Belt of Fennoscandia in the territory of the Murmansk region has been investigated.
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Okito, Alain, René Oleko, Zoë Madder, and Christine Cocquyt. "Epiphytic diatoms on herbarium material from the Central Forest phytogeographic region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Plant Ecology and Evolution 154, no. (2) (2021): 245–56. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2021.1763.
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<b>Background and aims</b> – Epiphytic diatoms are excellent bio-indicators of the present and past ecological condition of aquatic ecosystems. In order to reconstruct the diatom history and to evaluate its diversity in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, epiphytic diatoms were sampled from herbarium specimens of aquatic plants deposited at the National Herbarium of the Congo at Yangambi (YBI) and at the herbarium of Meise Botanic Garden (BR).<b>Material and methods</b> – In YBI, nine specimens belonging to the Nymphaeaceae, three to the Ceratophyllaceae, and 12 to the Lentibulariaceae collected in the Central Forest phytogeographic region were sampled for diatom investigation. In addition, nine <em>Nymphaea lotus</em> specimens were sampled in BR. Semi-quantitative analyses were performed by light microscopy on permanent diatom slides.<b>Key results</b> – Analyses of the epiphytic diatom communities on YBI and BR materials showed a large diversity of 132 species belonging to 44 genera. Taxa belonging to the genus <em>Eunotia</em> were relatively the most abundant in all studied samples followed by <em>Frustulia saxonica</em> and a <em>Desmogonium</em> sp. The diatom communities on <em>Nymphaea</em> were as varied as on <em>Ceratophyllum</em>, while on <em>Utricularia</em>, a significant lower diversity was observed. The Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) and Generic Diatom Index (GDI) showed that the water quality in the Central Forest phytogeographic region was overall good during the 20th century. They point to oligotrophic conditions for the running waters with a slight increase towards more mesotrophic conditions from the 1950s onwards. The only sample in the present study indicating mesotrophic condition was from a swamp.<b>Conclusions</b> – The results on the epiphytic diatoms present on herbarium material can serve as a basis for sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems in D.R. Congo. In absence of an in-depth knowledge of the species and their ecological preferences, a genus-based TDI and IDG have proven to be valuable tools for water quality monitoring in tropical Africa.
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Zidarova, Ralitsa, Plamen Ivanov, Elitsa Hineva, and Nina Dzhembekova. "Diversity and habitat preferences of benthic diatoms from South Bay (Livingston Island, Antarctica)." Plant Ecology and Evolution 155, no. 1 (2022): 70–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84534.
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Background and aims – Despite a long research history, knowledge of Antarctic marine benthic diatoms is fragmentary. This study reports on marine benthic diatoms from South Bay, Livingston Island, focusing on diatoms living on hard substrata, and species distribution across different coastal habitats.Material and methods – Samples were collected from tidal pools (19), intertidal cobbles (9), artificial substrata installed at various depths (10), coastal rocks (2), and bottom sediments at depths > 20 m (2). Species identifications and community analyses were done using LM with additional information obtained using SEM. nMDS based on diatom abundance data was applied to display differences between the samples by habitat/substratum type and sampling month. The significance of the habitat/substratum type and sampling month on diatom communities was checked with PERMANOVA. Similarity/dissimilarity within and between sample groups and their contributing species were explored with SIMPER.Key results – In total, 133 diatom taxa were recorded, of which 110 are benthic. A large number of taxa could not be certainly identified. Taxonomic remarks and ecology and distribution data for some rarely reported species with convoluted taxonomic and nomenclatural histories are given. One new combination is proposed. Diatom communities were influenced by the habitat/substratum type, but not by seasonality. Significant differences existed between communities in tidal pools and those on cobbles, artificial substrata, and sediments, and between those on sediments and artificial substrata. Navicula aff. perminuta dominated on cobbles and often on artificial substrata. Species forming mucilage tubes, tree-like colonies, and chains of cells embedded in mucilage were restricted to tidal pools.Conclusion – Benthic diatom communities from South Bay are highly diverse and species show distinct distributions in the coastal habitats, but the scarce studies and often confusing nomenclature history of the taxa make their identification challenging, and potentially common species for the region remain unknown.
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Pavan Kumar, Polam Lakshmi, M Vinisha, and Nischitha H. S. "Comparative Analysis of Diatoms Assemblages in Different Water Bodies of Northern Districts of Chhattisgarh." International Journal of All Research Education and Scientific Methods 12, no. 12 (2024): 4501–9. https://doi.org/10.56025/ijaresm.2024.1212244501.
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Diatoms, a group of single-celled algae, play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems and have garnered significant attention in various scientific disciplines. This study aimed to investigate diatoms and identify different genera based on their distinct morphological features. Diatom analysis was conducted on samples collected from diverse aquatic environments, including ponds, rivers, and lakes, to capture a wide range of diatom species. The research involved microscopic examination of diatom samples, focusing on their size, shape, and structural characteristics. By employing established taxonomic keys and reference materials, diatoms were classified into specific genera. The identification process involved meticulous observation and comparison of diatom features, such as valve shape, structure, and the presence of unique characteristics like raphe systems and striae patterns. The study revealed a rich diversity of diatom genera. This information contributes to our understanding of diatom ecology and their distribution in different aquatic habitats. Furthermore, the findings provide valuable insights for future ecological assessments, water quality monitoring, and forensic investigations. Identifying diatom genera through morphological analysis aids in recognizing specific species and understanding their ecological roles. Additionally, it facilitates the construction of comprehensive databases that serve as important references for forensic scientists investigating drowning incidents. By comparing diatom assemblages in potential drowning sites with reference samples, the diatom database assists in determining the geographical origin of the incident, providing crucial evidence for forensic investigations.
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Luís, Ana T., Alexa C. Alexander, Salomé F. P. Almeida, Eduardo Ferreira da Silva, and Joseph M. Culp. "Benthic diatom communities in streams from zinc mining areas in continental (Canada) and Mediterranean climates (Portugal)." Water Quality Research Journal 48, no. 2 (2013): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2013.043.
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This study compares regional differences in benthic diatom communities exposed to similar stresses in Canada and Portugal. Diatoms were sampled in the Água Forte Stream, Aljustrel (SW Portugal) and in the Little River, New Brunswick (SE Canada), both streams surround the respective zinc mine and are subject to similar metal (e.g. Cd, Cu, Fe, Zn) and acidic (Água Forte pH = 1.9–2.9 vs. Little River pH = 2.2–5.5) stresses. In this kind of extreme environment, diatoms are frequently the main algae group in the streams, widely used as bioindicators. Diatom communities in the Água Forte Stream were dominated mostly by Pinnularia aljustrelica and Eunotia exigua (5% teratological forms), whereas communities in the Little River were more diverse (e.g. Achnanthidium minutissimum, Nitzschia palea, Eunotia sp.). Shannon-Wiener Index (H′) and percentage of taxa relative abundance were used to characterize the diversity and species composition of the diatom communities. Using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), it was found that regional variation in acceptable in-stream concentrations of metals, conductivity and pH were the primary drivers of benthic diatom community. Mine remediation to decrease metal concentrations and increase pH in streams will increase diatom diversity even in highly impacted streams such as Água Forte.
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Zidarova, Ralitsa, Plamen Ivanov, Elitsa Hineva, and Nina Dzhembekova. "Diversity and habitat preferences of benthic diatoms from South Bay (Livingston Island, Antarctica)." Plant Ecology and Evolution 155, no. (1) (2022): 70–106. https://doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.84534.
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<strong>Background and aims</strong> – Despite a long research history, knowledge of Antarctic marine benthic diatoms is fragmentary. This study reports on marine benthic diatoms from South Bay, Livingston Island, focusing on diatoms living on hard substrata, and species distribution across different coastal habitats.<strong>Material and methods</strong> – Samples were collected from tidal pools (19), intertidal cobbles (9), artificial substrata installed at various depths (10), coastal rocks (2), and bottom sediments at depths > 20 m (2). Species identifications and community analyses were done using LM with additional information obtained using SEM. nMDS based on diatom abundance data was applied to display differences between the samples by habitat/substratum type and sampling month. The significance of the habitat/substratum type and sampling month on diatom communities was checked with PERMANOVA. Similarity/dissimilarity within and between sample groups and their contributing species were explored with SIMPER.<strong>Key results</strong> – In total, 133 diatom taxa were recorded, of which 110 are benthic. A large number of taxa could not be certainly identified. Taxonomic remarks and ecology and distribution data for some rarely reported species with convoluted taxonomic and nomenclatural histories are given. One new combination is proposed. Diatom communities were influenced by the habitat/substratum type, but not by seasonality. Significant differences existed between communities in tidal pools and those on cobbles, artificial substrata, and sediments, and between those on sediments and artificial substrata. <em>Navicula</em> aff. <em>perminuta</em> dominated on cobbles and often on artificial substrata. Species forming mucilage tubes, tree-like colonies, and chains of cells embedded in mucilage were restricted to tidal pools.<strong>Conclusion</strong> – Benthic diatom communities from South Bay are highly diverse and species show distinct distributions in the coastal habitats, but the scarce studies and often confusing nomenclature history of the taxa make their identification challenging, and potentially common species for the region remain unknown.
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Hermawati, Selia, Hawis Madduppa, Mohammad Mukhlis Kamal, Rahmat Kurnia, and Rita Rachmawati. "Diatom communities in marine protected areas in the coral reefs in Lombok, Indonesia, using aqueous and sedimentary environmental DNA (eDNA)." E3S Web of Conferences 442 (2023): 01023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344201023.
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Diatom has a specific response to particular ecological conditions. They live both planktonic and benthic, which is usually the diversity that has only been documented by microscopic. The information about the diversity of Diatoms is critical as a baseline study for biomonitoring. Thus, in this study, we applied environmental DNA through a next-generation sequencing method to analyze planktonic and benthic communities of Diatom in marine protected areas in Lombok Waters, Indonesia. The result shows that benthic Diatom has more richness than planktonic but lacks significance between spatial. In our study, we detected 25 species of Diatom in West and East Lombok. Diatom from sediment samples has more richness than water, with four species only found in the Water samples and 18 species in the sediment samples. Three species were found both in the water and sediment samples. The highest abundance in the Stramenopiles clades is Diatom. Relative abundance of diatom about 12% to 23.91% from total micro eukaryotic or about 85.71%tol 86.14% from total Stramenopiles clades for East Lombok and West Lombok, respectively. Limitations of the genetic reference database, especially for tropical causes, restricted the determination of genetically identified sequence types at both genus and species levels.
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Hetko, Dominika, Małgorzata Witak, and Magdalena Bełdowska. "The Relationship between Total Mercury, Its Fractions and Species Diversity of Diatom Taphocoenoses Deposited in Surface Sediments (Southern Baltic Sea)." Water 15, no. 22 (2023): 3907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15223907.
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Mercury is a toxic metal that in excessive amounts negatively affects the human nervous system. It can biomagnify to enrich successive levels of the trophic web with higher and higher concentrations of Hg. Diatoms are cosmopolitan microalgae that represent the base of the trophic web. The objective of this study was to determine the importance of diatoms in the accumulation of Hg in surface sediments in the example of Puck Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea). The study verified the relationship of mercury forms with diatoms’ characteristic salinity groups and individual diatom species. The identified diatom flora permitted the distinguishment of three regions with different salinity preferences. The obtained results suggest that, together with organic matter and fine sediment fraction, diatoms are an important element of the marine environment in accumulating Hg. Area I, dominated by euhalobous and mesohalobous diatom species, was characterized by a high statistically significant correlation of mesohalobous with HgSO4, Hg in complexes with organic matter and HgS. In Area II, associated with the highest Hg concentrations (ca. 100 ng g−1), euhalobous showed a statistically significant linear correlation with HgSO4. In contrast, in Area III, the freshwater diatom community was associated with stable Hg forms. The identified species showed a connection with labile forms of Hg that can undergo biomagnification.
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Khabudaev, Kirill V., Darya P. Petrova, Yekaterina D. Bedoshvili, Yelena V. Likhoshway, and Mikhail A. Grachev. "Molecular Evolution of Tubulins in Diatoms." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 2 (2022): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020618.
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Microtubules are formed by α- and β-tubulin heterodimers nucleated with γ-tubulin. Tubulins are conserved eukaryotic proteins. Previously, it was shown that microtubules are involved in diatom silica frustule morphogenesis. Diatom frustules are varied, and their morphology is species-specific. Despite the attractiveness of the problem of elucidating the molecular mechanisms of genetically programmed morphogenesis, the structure and evolution of diatom tubulins have not been studied previously. Based on available genomic and transcriptome data, we analyzed the phylogeny of the predicted amino acid sequences of diatom α-, β- and γ-tubulins and identified five groups for α-tubulins, six for β-tubulins and four for γ-tubulins. We identified characteristic amino acids of each of these groups and also analyzed possible posttranslational modification sites of diatom tubulins. According to our results, we assumed what changes occurred in the diatom tubulin structures during their evolution. We also identified which tubulin groups are inherent in large diatom taxa. The similarity between the evolution of diatom tubulins and the evolution of diatoms suggests that molecular changes in α-, β- and γ-tubulins could be one of the factors in the formation of a high morphological diversity of diatoms.
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Jensen, Erik L., Karen Yangüez, Frédéric Carrière, and Brigitte Gontero. "Storage Compound Accumulation in Diatoms as Response to Elevated CO2 Concentration." Biology 9, no. 1 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9010005.
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Accumulation of reserve compounds (i.e., lipids and chrysolaminarin) in diatoms depends on the environmental conditions, and is often triggered by stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Manipulation of CO2 supply can also be used to improve both lipids and carbohydrates accumulation. Given the high diversity among diatoms, we studied the two marine model diatoms—Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a freshwater diatom, Asterionella formosa, and Navicula pelliculosa—found in fresh- and sea-water environments. We measured the accumulation of reserve compounds and the activity of enzymes involved in carbon metabolism in these diatoms grown at high and atmospheric CO2. We observed that biomass and lipid accumulation in cells grown at high CO2 differ among the diatoms. Lipid accumulation increased only in P. tricornutum and N. pelliculosa grown in seawater in response to elevated CO2. Moreover, accumulation of lipids was also accompanied by an increased activity of the enzymes tested. However, lipid accumulation and enzyme activity decreased in N. pelliculosa cultured in fresh water. Chrysolaminarin accumulation was also affected by CO2 concentration; however, there was no clear relation with lipids accumulation. Our results are relevant to understand better the ecological role of the environment in the diatom adaptation to CO2 and the mechanisms underpinning the production of storage compounds considering diatom diversity.
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Martínez, Yuriko Jocselin, David Alfaro Siqueiros-Beltrones, and Ana Judith Marmolejo-Rodríguez. "Response of Benthic Diatom Assemblages to Contamination by Metals in a Marine Environment." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (2021): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040443.
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Studies on marine benthic diatoms in environments contaminated by metals are scarce. The typical structure of benthic diatom assemblages (species richness, diversity, dominance, dominant taxa) from undisturbed environments may be used as reference for contrasting with contaminated environments in order to observe how said assemblages respond to such disturbance. Thus, the Ho that the structure of benthic diatom associations and morphology of their frustules under contamination by metals would be normal, as in unpolluted environments was tested. To do this, concentrations of 24 metals were surveyed in a coastal zone impacted by mining residues, and the structure of benthic local diatom assemblages was described. Metal concentrations measurements for 15 metals surpassed the normal values of the upper earth cortex, seven were under the low range effect, and three (Cd, Cu, Zn) surpassed the medium range effect values. At a control site no element concentration was above the reference values for low range effect (LRE) or medium range effect (MRE) standards. There, diatom species richness (S) was high, particularly on seaweeds; where, 397 diatom taxa were recorded. In contrast, at the contaminated area 217 diatom taxa were recorded, but diversity (H’) ranged from 2.4 to 4.3. Relative high frequencies of deformed diatom valves mainly of Achnanthes spp. were recorded in contaminated sediments. In general, diatom taxocenoses presented a typical structure for non-contaminated environments. However, scarceness of specimens, lower S, and frequency of deformed valves suggest responses to metal contamination. For marine environments, the latter values corresponding to A. longipes may be considered a reliable reference to the response of benthic diatoms to metal contamination.
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Blanco, Saúl, Adriana Olenici, Fernando Ortega, Francisco Jiménez-Gómez, and Francisco Guerrero. "Identifying environmental drivers of benthic diatom diversity: the case of Mediterranean mountain ponds." PeerJ 8 (March 24, 2020): e8825. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8825.
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This study aims at elucidating the environmental factors controlling benthic diatom diversity and uniqueness in Mediterranean mountain ponds. Samples of periphytic diatoms were collected in 45 ponds in Andalusia, south of Spain, and analysed by standard methods. Data analysis reveals that diatom diversity is mainly controlled by elevation and hydroperiod. Contrary to the usual findings in the literature, the highest scores on Shannon’s diversity index were found in high-elevation temporary ponds, but this effect is hidden by lake clustering in the analysed dataset. Significant distance-decay similarity (DDS) trends were detected in the analysis of floristic composition among the samples, stressing the importance of spatial factors that may override the effect of other abiotic factors. These findings highlight the role of isolation and dispersal limitation in the configuration of the biogeographical patterns of benthic diatoms.
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Fazlutdinova, Alfiya, Yunir Gabidullin, Rezeda Allaguvatova, and Lira Gaysina. "Diatoms in Kamchatka’s Hot Spring Soils." Diversity 12, no. 11 (2020): 435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12110435.
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Diatoms inhabiting terrestrial habitats that are affected by thermal activity remain poorly studied, despite significant interest in the biodiversity of hot springs. The Kamchatka peninsula is characterized by the presence of 30 active volcanoes associated with hydrotherms. Our study involved a survey of diatom diversity in soils around the Malki, Upper Paratunka, and Dachnie thermal springs on the Kamchatka peninsula. A total of 49 diatom taxa were found. The genera Pinnularia, Planothidium, Fragilariforma, Epithemia, Halamphora, Gomphonema, Nitzschia, Aulocoseira, Sellaphora, Surirella, and Navicula were the most common. Pinnularia cf. subcapitata and Planothidium lanceolatum were dominant in all springs. Diatom communities in the soils near the thermal springs included both aquatic and terrestrial species, which may reflect the transitional nature of habitats at the borders of hot springs and soils. To gain a better understanding of the diversity of diatom communities in soils near thermal springs, broader worldwide studies are necessary.
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Skriptsova, A. V., and I. V. Stonik. "Diatoms as Endophytes of Marine Macroalgae: Diversity and Relationships with Basiphyte." Biologiya Morya 50, no. 5 (2024): 329–36. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0134347524050014.
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In this review, all known information on endophytic diatom species and their macrophytic hosts is summarized and a history of studies of endophytic diatoms is provided. The mechanism by which endophytic diatoms penetrate into the thallus of macroalgae and the effect that the symbionts have on each other are discussed. The possible patterns of relationships between endophytic diatoms and basiphytes are analyzed based on literature data.
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Siqueiros Beltrones, David Alfaro, Erisbel Echevarría Herrera, Francisco Omar López-Fuerte, and Yuriko Jocselin Martínez. "Species Diversity of Benthic Marine Diatoms from a Natural Protected Area in Cuba." Diversity 17, no. 3 (2025): 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/d17030181.
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For the Cuban littorals in the Caribbean Sea, information on benthic diatoms is scarce, and hitherto non-existent for natural protected areas. Thus, to describe the structure of benthic diatom associations (BDAs) from a marine protected area in Cuba, sediment samples were collected in Playa Las Gaviotas (Refugio de Vida Silvestre Cayo Santa María) during dry (November) and rainy (July) seasons. Diatoms were separated, mounted in synthetic resin and identified under light microscopy. Species diversity of the BDA was estimated using Shannon (H′), Simpson (1 − λ) and Pielou evenness (J′) indices. We identified 354 taxa including 200 new records for Cuba; the nomenclature of 45 previously recorded taxa was updated. The currently recorded species richness of marine benthic diatoms for Cuba is 595. The most abundant taxa were Amphora cf. copulata, A. proteus, Diploneis smith var. pumila, Halamphora turgida, H. coffeiformis, Navicula zostereti, Nitzschia marginulata var. didyma and Psammodictyon panduriforme. The best-represented genus was Mastogloia with 70 taxa. Similarity values indicated homogeneous distribution of epipelic diatom taxa along the sandy bottom, suggesting a single diatom association. Mean values of H′ ranged from 4.91 bit/taxon in November to 4.95 bit/taxon in July. Structure analysis suggests a stable BDA with high species diversity characteristic of productive, pristine environments.
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Nurbaya, Tresia Siti. "Struktur Komunitas Diatom di Perairan Pantai Cemara Kabupaten Lombok Barat sebagai Dasar Penyusunan Modul Sistematika Cryptogamae." Panthera : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains dan Terapan 3, no. 2 (2023): 94–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/panthera.v3i2.168.
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The waters of Cemara Beach, Lembar District, West Lombok Regency, have extraordinary marine potential. One of Indonesia's marine biodiversity is Diatom microalgae. The aims of this study were: 1) to find out the types of Diatoms in Cemara Beach, West Lombok Regency; 2) to determine the level of Diatom abundance in Cemara Beach, West Lombok Regency; 3) to determine the diversity index of Diatoms in Cemara Beach, West Lombok Regency; 4) to determine the evenness of Diatoms in Cemara Beach, West Lombok Regency; 5) to determine the species population that dominates the Diatom community in Cemara Beach, West Lombok Regency; and 6) to determine the validity of the Cryptogamae systematics module developed based on research results. This type of research is descriptive research and development research using the 4D model from Thiagarajan which is modified into 3D. Descriptive research is a form of research aimed at describing existing phenomena, both natural phenomena and man-made phenomena, while development research is research consisting of define, design, and develop. From the results of the study it can be seen that there are 12 species of Diatoms found, namely Diatoma Hyalina kutzing numbering 6, Chaetoceros didinum Enhenberg varanglica numbering 3, Chaetoceros subsecundum Hustedt numbering 18, Chaetoceros pendulum Karsten numbering 2, Chaetoceros compressum Lauder numbering 37, Skeletonema costatum Cleve totaling 20 , Pseudo nitzhia seriata numbered 7, Nitzhia pungen numbered 4, Thalassionema nitzchiodes Grunov numbered 40, Biddulphia mobiliensis Bailey numbered 1, Hemiaulus sinensis Greville numbered 20, Euchampia comuta Grunow numbered 7. In the data on the abundance of Diatom species at station I there were 65 species, station II totaling 45 species, and station III totaling 55 species. In the analysis of the diversity index, the number of species at station I was 0.967 species, station II was 0.965, station III was 0.998 species, in the evenness analysis the number of species at station I was 0.998, station II was 0.335, station III was 0.998 species, while in the dominance analysis Diatoms The number of Diatoms at station I was 26.5063, station II was 24.2886, and station III was 15.2543. While the development research obtained the results from the validators: content/material expert on average 4, linguist on average 3.9, and display expert on average 4.3 with a good category and no need for revision. So it can be concluded that the module is feasible to use.
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Patova, Elena N., Evgeniy S. Gusev, Julia N. Shabalina, Irina V. Novakovskaya, and Michail D. Sivkov. "Diversity of diatoms in biological soil crusts of the northern region of the Urals on the basis of morphological and metagenomic approaches." Issues of modern algology (Вопросы современной альгологии), no. 2(32) (2023): 58–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33624/2311-0147-2023-2(32)-58-59.
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We studied the diversity of diatoms in biological soil crusts which formed on cryogenic soils in the mountain tundras of the Polar, Subpolar and Northern Urals. We used the permanent Elyashev's medium and DNA metabarcoding for diatom species diversity. In total, 58 diatoms taxa (rank below the genus) identified based on morphological and metagenomic data analysis. The most diverse genera are Pinnularia, Eunotia, and Nitzschia.
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Bilous, Olena P., Sergey I. Genkal, Jonas Zimmermann, Wolf-Henning Kusber, and Regine Jahn. "Centric diatom diversity in the lower part of the Southern Bug river (Ukraine): the transitional zone at Mykolaiv city." PhytoKeys 178 (May 20, 2021): 31–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.178.64426.
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The diversity of centric diatoms is documented for the transitional zone of the lower part of the Southern Bug River (Ukraine) just before entering the Dnipro-Bug Estuary and compared to earlier results from the upstream sampling sites of the same river system. Benthic samples of the following sites were investigated: north of Mykolaiv City (approximately 5 km), in Mykolaiv City (near Varvarivskyi Bridge), and 5 km south of the city. Twenty-four centric diatom taxa belonging to 11 genera were identified, analysed, and documented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). Among them, Aulacoseira nivalis is the first report for Ukraine, A. islandica and is the first confirmed record for the studied area since the 1930s. The maximum number of centric diatom taxa found in one station was 21, the minimum 10. Melosira subglobosa was the most common (documented in 57–80% of sites with centric diatoms) and abundant species 7.3–15.7% in relative abundance to all diatom taxa. The discovered diversity of taxa and its comparison with previous results is discussed with regard to the relevance of estuary zones in the research of diatoms.
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Bilous, Olena P., Sergey I. Genkal, Jonas Zimmermann, Wolf-Henning Kusber, and Regine Jahn. "Centric diatom diversity in the lower part of the Southern Bug river (Ukraine): the transitional zone at Mykolaiv city." PhytoKeys 178 (May 20, 2021): 31–69. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.178.64426.
Full textAbstract:
The diversity of centric diatoms is documented for the transitional zone of the lower part of the Southern Bug River (Ukraine) just before entering the Dnipro-Bug Estuary and compared to earlier results from the upstream sampling sites of the same river system. Benthic samples of the following sites were investigated: north of Mykolaiv City (approximately 5 km), in Mykolaiv City (near Varvarivskyi Bridge), and 5 km south of the city. Twenty-four centric diatom taxa belonging to 11 genera were identified, analysed, and documented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and light microscopy (LM). Among them, Aulacoseira nivalis is the first report for Ukraine, A. islandica and is the first confirmed record for the studied area since the 1930s. The maximum number of centric diatom taxa found in one station was 21, the minimum 10. Melosira subglobosa was the most common (documented in 57–80% of sites with centric diatoms) and abundant species 7.3–15.7% in relative abundance to all diatom taxa. The discovered diversity of taxa and its comparison with previous results is discussed with regard to the relevance of estuary zones in the research of diatoms.
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Negadi, Mohamed, Ait Hammou Mohamed, Mohamed Djamel, Miara, Hamid Bendif, and Petulia Blake. "Floristic diversity and Ecology of EpilithicDiatoms of the ChottChergui wetland (North-West of Algeria)." GABJ 5, no. 2 (2021): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v5i2.85.
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 This study is a phytoecological approach aimed to improve the knowledge on diatoms and their ecology in the wetland of ChottChergui in the northwesternregionof Algeria.For this work, 60 samples of solid substrates containing the epilithic diatom flora were collected in the field using a subjective method. The identification of diatom taxa was carried out according to a standard protocol while using pertinentliteraturethat specialized guides. At the level of the 5 sampling sites, water physicochemical parameters that could influence the distribution of diatoms were measured. The results obtained made it possible to recognize 36 diatom taxa belonging to 12 families, of which, the most dominant were Naviculaceae, Surirellaceae and Bacillariaceae. The calculated biodiversity indices (Shannon’s H and equitability revealed a low taxonomic richness which will probably be explained by the dominance of the typical brackish water taxa such as Mastogloiabraunii, Campylodiscusclypeus ,and Navicymbulapusilla. We were also able to characterize the distribution of identified taxa according to the physicochemical parameters of each site. Furthermore, the attraction of the diatomic communities to saprobia shows the predominance of the two classes: α-mesosaprobic and β-mesosaprobe during the two seasons of fall and spring. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the distribution of diatom communities is positively correlated with conductivity and temperature. Some species like Navicymbulapusilla, show a significant resistance to anthropogenic eutrophication.
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Douglas, Marianne S. V. "Environmental Change at High Latitudes." Paleontological Society Papers 13 (October 2007): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001522.
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Paleolimnological techniques have been used successfully to reconstruct environmental change in the Arctic and Antarctic. Diatoms are powerful indicators of environmental change because their community composition responds to changes in environmental conditions. As more regional diatom calibrations throughout the high latitude regions are achieved, the autecology of diatom taxa can be quantified and transfer functions for the driving environmental variables developed. In most instances, environmental variables related to physical, chemical, and climate-related characteristics are the main drivers affecting diatom distribution across polar aquatic bodies. A decline in ice cover and increase in growing season length results in an increase in diatom diversity as well as increased productivity, and increased thermal stratification in lakes (vs. shallow ponds). Because the siliceous cell wall preserves well in sediments, diatoms are among the most commonly used organisms used in paleolimnological analyses. Polar latitudes are experiencing amplification of the current global warming trend and as such, analyses of diatoms from high latitude lake and pond sediments are revealing the timing and extent of these trends. Diatom-based paleolimnological analyses are also being used to track the environmental impact of excess nutrient additions to lakes. Similar findings have also been reported from marine ecosystems.
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Jaramillo-Madrid, Ana Cristina, Justin Ashworth, and Peter J. Ralph. "Levels of Diatom Minor Sterols Respond to Changes in Temperature and Salinity." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2 (2020): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020085.
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Diatoms are a broadly distributed and evolutionarily diversified group of microalgae that produce a diverse range of sterol compounds. Sterols are triterpenoids that play essential roles in membrane-related processes in eukaryotic cells. Some sterol compounds possess bioactivities that promote human health and are currently used as nutraceuticals. The relationship between sterol diversity in diatoms and their acclimation to different environments is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of different sterol types across twelve diatom species, as well as the effect of temperature reduction and changes in salinity on the sterol contents of three model diatom species. In the diatoms Thalassiosira pseudonana, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chaetoceros muelleri, we found that changes in the relative contents of minor sterols accompanied shifts in temperature and salinity. This may be indicative of acquired adaptive traits in diatom metabolism.
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Siregar, S. H., and M. Mubarak. "Diversity of Planktonik Diatom at Bengkalis Waters, Riau Province." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 934, no. 1 (2021): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/934/1/012074.
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Abstract This research was carried out in August to September 2019 at Bengkalis Waters, Riau Province. This study goals to describe the water quality statues and to determine the species composition, abundance and biological index of planktonic diatom in the Bengkalis waters. Survey method was applied in this research which are 5 stations established, with 3 sampling points in each station. The stations were determined purposively based on antrophogenic activities conducted in that area. Diatom samples were filtered from surface water as much as 100 liters by using plankton net number 25, and the samples were then observed using an Olympus CX 21 microscope (magnification 10 x 10 and 10 x 40) and were identified. The value of water quality at each station indicates that the water is in normal range and it may support the growth of diatoms. There were 20 spesies of planktonic diatoms recorded in the Bengkalis waters. There were 2 species, namely Coscinodiscus sp. and Navicula sp. that were found in each station. Meanwhile, the abundance of plankatonic diatoms ranged from 23,041.80 to 286,693.18 ind/l. The average of biological indices values are as follows: diversity index 1.39-2.32, dominance index 0.24 to 0,48 ind / l, and the uniformity index 0.55 to 0.87 ind / l. The biological indices values indicated that the Bengkalis Waters can be categorized as moderate polluted water and there is no dominant species.
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Vidakovic, Danijela, Olga Jakovljevic, Dragana Predojevic, et al. "An updated list of Serbian diatom flora: New recorded taxa." Archives of Biological Sciences 70, no. 2 (2018): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs170606043v.
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Diatoms are a widespread group of organisms with well-known ecological preferences. Knowledge of their diversity is of great importance for assessing the environmental status of different aquatic ecosystems. The present study was based on 55 different localities that included rivers, streams, channels, accumulations and salt marshes throughout Serbia. The results of this study expanded the diatom checklist by 80 taxa, including two new recorded genera (Fistulifera and Microfissurata) for Serbia. The data were obtained by combining light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that provided reliable identification, which is very important in diatom diversity studies.