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Journal articles on the topic 'Dichlorobenzene'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 June 2025

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1

Fisher, Robyn, John Barr, Charles F. Zukoski, et al. "In- Vitro Hepatotoxicity of Three Dichlorobenzene Isomers in Human Liver Slices." Human & Experimental Toxicology 10, no. 5 (1991): 357–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719101000510.

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1 The cytotoxicity of dichlorobenzenes in cultured rat liver slices has previously been shown to be strain specific and biotransformation related. 2 In order to extrapolate animal models to humans, the dichlorobenzenes were incubated with human liver slices to try to clarify their hepatotoxic potential in man. 3 The degree of hepatotoxicity observed with the dichlorobenzenes depended on whether Waymouth's or Krebs-Henseleit was used as the incubation medium. 4 All three dichlorobenzenes (1 mM) produced no significant differences from control when incubated in Waymouth's medium. However, in the Krebs-Henseleit buffer there was a substantial increase in cytotoxicity. 5 In both incubation mediums the dichlorobenzene isomers exhibited the following rank order 1,3-DCB > 1,2-DCB > 1,4-DCB. 6 1,2-dichlorobenzene hepatotoxicity was blocked by metyrapone, 1,3-dichlorobenzene toxicity was blocked by SKF 525-A and neither one of these inhibitors could block the 1,4-dichlorobenzene cytotoxicity. 7 The use of human liver tissues to evaluate potential toxicants merits consideration since the hepatotoxicity of xenobiotics and drugs in man is the ultimate question.

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2

Shofinita, Dian, Dianika Lestari, Fiorine Fiorine, Andreana Rochili, Anggit Raksajati, and Amarthya Achmadi. "Life Cycle Assessment of Decaffeinated Coffee Beans Production." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 57, no. 3 (2025): 315–26. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2025.57.3.3.

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis was conducted on the simulation of the production process of decaffeinated coffee beans using ethyl acetate (EA) and dichloromethane (DCM) solvents. The methods employed include the cradle-to-gate system, the ReCiPe 2016 midpoint method, and a hierarchic perspective on OpenLCA. The analysis used 320 kg of Robusta coffee beans per batch with the scope of analysis consisting of planting, postharvest, transportation, and decaffeination. The overall results of the hotspot analysis were human carcinogenic toxicity, marine ecotoxicity, global warming, freshwater ecotoxicity, and land use of 8 x 101 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq, 1 x 101 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq, 6 x 104 kg CO2 eq, 7 x 100 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq, and 3 x 104 m2a crop eq for both EA and DCM. Comparison of the two solvents shows that the biggest environmental impacts were marine ecotoxicity, freshwater ecotoxicity, and human carcinogenic toxicity of 8.52 x 100 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq, 5.44 x 100 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq, 7.65 x 100 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq for EA, and 8.52 x 100 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq, 5.61 x 100 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq, 8.03 x 100 kg 1,4-dichlorobenzene eq for DCM. Cultivation, extraction, and drying were the stages of considerable environmental impact. The application of agroforestry, reduction of inorganic and organic fertilizers, and the use of more environmentally friendly electricity sources serve as alternatives to reduce emissions.

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3

Bujak, Maciej, Kamil Dziubek, and Andrzej Katrusiak. "Halogen...halogen interactions in pressure-frozen ortho- and meta-dichlorobenzene isomers." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 63, no. 1 (2007): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768106046684.

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Isomers 1,2-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) and 1,3-dichlorobenzene (m-DCB) were high-pressure frozen in-situ in a Merrill–Bassett diamond–anvil cell and their structures determined at room temperature and at 0.18 (5) GPa for o-DCB, and 0.17 (5) GPa for m-DCB by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The patterns of halogen...halogen intermolecular interactions in these structures can be considered to be the main cohesive forces responsible for the molecular arrangements in these crystals. The molecular packing of dichlorobenzene isomers, including three polymorphs of 1,4-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB), have been compared and relations between their molecular symmetry, packing arrangements, intermolecular interactions and melting points discussed. The topology of the crystal packing in dichlorobenzene isomers results from the interplay of the molecular shape, steric hindrances and intermolecular interactions. The non-planar arrangement of the dichlorobenzene molecules in the crystal structures can be justified by the distributions of the electrostatic potential on molecular surfaces, which determines electrostatic intermolecular interactions.

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4

Young, Jay A. "o-Dichlorobenzene." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 12 (2006): 1754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p1754.

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5

Young, Jay A. "p-Dichlorobenzene." Journal of Chemical Education 83, no. 12 (2006): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ed083p1755.

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6

Yim, C. T., and D. F. R. Gilson. "The orientational behaviour of dichlorobenzenes in nematic liquid crystal solvents." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 1 (1989): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-009.

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The orientational order parameters of ortho-, meta-, and para-dichlorobenzene, dissolved in the nematic solvents EBBA and 1132, have been measured as functions of temperature and concentration, and used to determine the values of the potential energy parameters for each solute–solvent pair. These potentials have been interpreted in terms of a short-range contribution, which depends upon the shape and size of the solute molecule, plus a long-range term due to the interaction between the average electric field gradient from the solvent and the molecular quadrupole moment of the solute. Keywords: dichlorobenzenes, nematic solvents, liquid crystals, orientation, potential energy parameters.

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7

Wójcik, Aleksandra, and Adam Krajewski. "Preliminary research on mortality of wood destroying Anobiidae (Coleoptera) following the application of p-dichlorobenzene in combination with low oxygen atmosphere fumigation." Polish Journal of Entomology 87, no. 2 (2018): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjen-2018-0010.

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Abstract Experiments were undertaken in connection with the need, indicated in the literature, for the proper choice of a substance enhancing the effect of a low oxygen atmosphere used as a means of controlling wood boring insects in museum collections and historical objects. A low oxygen atmosphere itself causes the death of wood boring insects after a relatively long period of application. Thus, attempts were made to use p-dichlorobenzene to accelerate the effects of a low oxygen atmosphere in the control of wood boring insects. The experiments were performed as a continuation of preliminary research on the effect of p-dichlorobenzene on Anobiidae in an aerobic atmosphere. The paper present the results of gassing Anobium punctatum and Ptilinus pectinicornis (Coleoptera: Anobiidae) larvae with 1,4-dichlorobenzene in a low oxygen atmosphere of nitrogen and argon. The experiments were performed in laboratory conditions at a temperature of 20°C on larvae extracted from wood. The results do not show a faster elimination of larvae of either species using p-dichlorobenzene in a low oxygen atmosphere as compared to using p-dichlorobenzene in an aerobic atmosphere. Complete eradication of larvae in the test groups was obtained after 48 hours when using p-dichlorobenzene in nitrogen. The results obtained when using p-dichlorobenzene in argon appear to be worse at fumigation times shorter than 48 hours.

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8

Messner, J., P. S. Schulz, N. Taccardi, Sven Kuhlmann, and P. Wasserscheid. "Isomerisation of 1,4-dichlorobenzene using highly acidic alkali chloroaluminate melts." Chem. Commun. 50, no. 79 (2014): 11705–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc04910a.

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The isomerisation reaction of 1,4-dichlorobenzene leading to the thermodynamically favoured and technically desired 1,3-dichlorobenzene has been studied comparing highly acidic chloroaluminate melts with organic imidazolium and alkali metal ions.

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9

Herich, Peter, Marek Fronc, and Jozef Kožíšek. "New isostructural transition metal complexes with a non-innocent dithiolate ligand." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 71, no. 2 (2015): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229615001436.

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Three new complexes with 3,6-dichlorobenzene-1,2-dithiol (bdtCl2), namely methyltriphenylphosphonium bis(3,6-dichlorobenzene-1,2-dithiolato-κ2S,S′)cobaltate(1−), (C19H18P)[Co(C6H2Cl2S2)2], (I), bis(methyltriphenylphosphonium) bis(3,6-dichlorobenzene-1,2-dithiolato-κ2S,S′)cuprate(2−) dimethyl sulfoxide disolvate, (C19H18P)2[Cu(C6H2Cl2S2)2]·2C2H6OS, (II), and methyltriphenylphosphonium bis(3,6-dichlorobenzene-1,2-dithiolato-κ2S,S′)cuprate(1−), (C19H18P)[Cu(C6H2Cl2S2)2], (III), have been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The X-ray structure analyses of all three complexes confirm that the four donor S atoms form a slightly distorted square-planar coordination arrangement around the central metal atom. An interesting finding for both the CuIIand CuIIIcomplexes,i.e.(II) and (III), respectively, is that the coordination polyhedra are principally the same and differ only slightly with respect to the interatomic distances.

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10

Zakrzewski, V. G., and J. V. Ortiz. "Dichlorobenzene Ionization Energies." Journal of Physical Chemistry 100, no. 33 (1996): 13979–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp960978b.

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11

Nishi, Koji, Akira Hidaka, and Yoshinobu Yokomori. "Structure of toluene6.4-ZSM-5 and the toluene disproportionation reaction on ZSM-5." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 61, no. 2 (2005): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768105003186.

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The structure of a high-loading complex of ZSM-5 with 6.4 toluene molecules per unit cell has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. At least three kinds of toluene molecules were identified in the unit cell. Two disordered toluene molecules were located at the intersection of the straight and sinusoidal channels, the third in the sinusoidal channel. One (TOL1) of the two toluene orientations at the intersection was similar to that of p-dichlorobenzene at the intersection in high-loaded H-ZSM-5/p-xylene (hereafter 8PARA) and high-loaded H-ZSM-5/p-dichlorobenzene (hereafter 8PDCB) complexes, respectively. The other toluene orientation (TOL2) at the intersection was similar to those of p-xylene or p-dichlorobenzene at the intersection in the low-loaded p-dichlorobenzene complex (hereafter 2.6PDCB). A third toluene orientation (TOL3) existed in the sinusoidal channel; its orientation was similar to those of p-xylene and p-dichlorobenzene in the sinusoidal channels in 8PARA and 8PDCB complexes, respectively. If the occupancy of TOL2 at the intersection increases with temperature, TOL2 will connect with TOL3 in the sinusoidal channel and form the intermediate diphenylmethane

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12

Keussen, Ch, H. Dreizler, and I. Merke. "Quadrupole Hyperfine Structure in the Rotational Spectra of 1,2- and 1,3-Dichlorobenzene." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 45, no. 11-12 (1990): 1273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1990-11-1208.

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AbstractThe high resolution of microwave Fourier transform spectroscopy was used to investigate the 35chlorine hyperfine structure of 1,2- and 1,3-dichlorobenzene, C6H435Cl2 , very accurately in the rotational spectrum of their ground vibrational state. The careful analysis with a new evaluation program also yielded the off-diagonal element of the coupling tensor. The tensor elements are χaa= -41.1153(35) MHz,χbb = 8.3415(96) MHz, χcc = 32.7738(61) MHz, and χab = ±52.41 (58) MHz for 1,2-dichlorobenzene and χaa= -44.174(12) MHz, χbb= 10.876(12) MHz, χcc = 33.298(12) MHz, and χab= ±48.181(39) MHz for 1,3-dichlorobenzene.

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13

Deepika, Mogra, Mehta Mukesh, Ameta Ramesh, and C. Ameta Suresh. "Photochemical degradation of p-dichlorobenzene by photo-Fenton's reagent." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 79, Jul 2002 (2002): 593–95. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5844876.

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Department of Chemistry, M. L. Sukhadia University, Udaipur-313 002, India <em>Manuscript received 9 November 2001. accepted 15 February 2002</em> The photochemical degradation of p-dichlorobenzene on titanium dioxide was carried out in the presence of Fenton's reagent, and progress of the reaction was observed spectrophotometrically. The effects of the variation of various parameters, such as pH, concentration of <em>p</em>-dichlorobenzene, Fe<sup>3+</sup> ion concentration, amount of photocatalyst, amount of hydrogen peroxide, light intensity etc. on the photodegradation of <em>p</em>-dichlorobenzene were observed. A tentative mechanism for this degradation has also been proposed.

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14

Carucci, A., I. Manconi, and L. Manigas. "Use of membrane bioreactors for the bioremediation of chlorinated compounds polluted groundwater." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 10 (2007): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.324.

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Chlorinated compounds are widely used in agricultural applications where they are employed as components of pesticides; this leads often to pollution of groundwater near to agricultural sites, with serious effects for human health. The aim of the present study was the development of a membrane bioreactor, a new and effective water treatment technology, for the bioremediation of water polluted by 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,2-dichlorobenzene and 2-chlorophenol. Before starting-up the MBR system, a biomass was acclimated, to simultaneously degrade the three chlorinated compounds; then the acclimated biomass was inoculated into the MBR. The results showed a higher removal rate for 1,2-dichloroethane than for 1,2-dichlorobenzene; besides, the presence of 1,2-dichlorobenzene together with 1,2-dichloroethane decreased 1,2-dichloroethane specific removal rate. 2-chlorophenol was degraded only in presence of phenol as co-substrate, and the presence of phenol and 2-chlorophenol decreased 1,2-dichloroethane specific removal rate of approximately eight times, while 1,2-dichlorobenzene specific removal rate was not affected.

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15

Pei, Guangpeng, Yuen Zhu, Xiatong Cai, Weiyu Shi, and Hua Li. "Surfactant flushing remediation of o-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene contaminated soil." Chemosphere 185 (October 2017): 1112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.098.

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16

Li, Ding Long, Xin Lei Fang, Min Da Yu, Hao Lv, and Yan Yang. "Different Chemical Oxidant of Benzene Series Pollution Site Repair Effect." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 564–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.564.

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this study intends to compare through the experiment research of potassium permanganate, Fenton reagent, sodium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, four kinds of commonly used oxidant chlorobenzene in contaminated soil, the removal effect of O-O-dichlorobenzene;, selected a typical ground soil bioremediation is the best antioxidant effect. Research under the condition of different on the dose, 4 kinds of oxidants to chlorobenzene and O-O-dichlorobenzene; removal effect. Combined pollution ground soil properties screen of chlorobenzene in contaminated soil, the highest removal rate of dichlorobenzene oxidant and best delivery dosage, to apply typical ground soil bioremediation, the results show that the effect is the best Kmno4.

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17

Liang, Hui Xing, Ai Hui Chen, Cheng Ding, and Zhao Xia Li. "Influence of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene on Anaerobic Microorganisms in Wetland Soil." Advanced Materials Research 807-809 (September 2013): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.807-809.676.

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The potential effect of 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB) on anaerobic microbial populations was investigated in a flooded wetland soil. Numbers of anaerobic fermentative bacteria (AFB), denitrifying bacteria (DNB) and hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria (HPAB) were numerated by three-tube anaerobic most-probable-number (MPN) methods with anaerobic liquid enrichment media. In anaerobic microbe groups, the changes of bacterium group were not the same. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene had the maximum influence on microbial groups of wetland soil at the initial pollution. In dealing with 14-35 days, bacterium groups in each processing soil have different amplitude bouncing back. In the experimental process, bacteria which produces hydrogen and acetic acid is most sensitive to 1,2-Dichlorobenzene. Hydrolysis fermentation bacteria second, and denitrifying bacteria was the smallest.

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18

Aitken, R. Alan, Niti Schindler, and Alexandra M. Z. Slawin. "3,6-Dichlorobenzene-1,2,4,5-tetraol." Molbank 2022, no. 3 (2022): M1415. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/m1415.

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The X-ray structure of the title compound as the monohydrate has been determined and shows a complex structure with two independent molecules each of the compound and water and eleven distinct hydrogen bonding interactions. Its melting point has also been recorded for the first time.

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19

Ahn, Paul D., Roger Bishop, Donald C. Craig, and Marcia L. Scudder. "2,3-Dichlorobenzene-1,4-diol." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 65, no. 5 (2009): o1103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536809014408.

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20

Rall, D. "Carcinogenicity of p-dichlorobenzene." Science 236, no. 4804 (1987): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3576206.

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21

RALL, D. P. "Carcinogenicity of p-Dichlorobenzene." Science 236, no. 4804 (1987): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.236.4804.897-b.

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22

Kurt, Zohre, and Jim C. Spain. "Biodegradation of Chlorobenzene, 1,2-Dichlorobenzene, and 1,4-Dichlorobenzene in the Vadose Zone." Environmental Science & Technology 47, no. 13 (2013): 6846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es3049465.

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23

Sands, W. D., and R. Moore. "Fluorescence excitation spectroscopy of jet cooled p-dichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene-d4." Journal of Physical Chemistry 93, no. 1 (1989): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100338a024.

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24

Samukov, Konstantin, Aleksey Maksimov, Ekaterina Belova, Mikhail Bubenchikov, and Irina Uspenskaya. "Phase equilibria and thermodynamic properties in the o-dichlorobenzene — m-dichlorobenzene system." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 39, no. 12 (2022): 3412–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11814-022-1291-0.

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25

Syvitski, Raymond T., and E. Elliott Burnell. "NMR and molecular structure of partially oriented mono and para methyl- and chlorobenzenes dissolved in nematic liquid crystals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 77, no. 11 (1999): 1761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v99-144.

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Spectral parameters, order parameters, and structural parameters, including the vibrationally corrected ralpha structure of the partially oriented solutes p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, toluene, and chlorobenzene dissolved in three liquid crystal mixtures, are reported. For samples containing the three solutes p-xylene, p-dichlorobenzene, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, multiple quantum (MQ) nuclear magnetic resonance was used to aid in the analysis of the complex high-resolution spectra of the p-xylene. The high-resolution spectra of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene were easily identified and analyzed once the calculated p-xylene spectrum was subtracted from the experimental one. The methyl groups of p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, and toluene have similar geometries when the structure is determined from dipolar couplings corrected for harmonic vibrations.Key words: nematic liquid crystal, NMR, molecular structure, order parameter.

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26

Mkhize, Nomthandazo, and Viswanadha Srirama Rajasekhar Pullabhotla. "Advanced Oxidation Processes for the oxyfunctionalisation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene: a review." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 28, no. 3 (2024): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/283rjce0940103.

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Catalytic oxidation is an oxidation process that converts volatile organics and water carbon in the presence of the catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that is used to accelerate the rate of reaction at a given temperature without itself being consumed during the reaction and it can be used repeatedly. This review presents catalytic oxidation of ortho-dichlorobenzene over V2O5 loaded metal oxides (TiO2, SiO2 and Al2O3), supported transition metal oxides, ABO3- type perovskites and Ca-doped FeOx hollow microspheres. The review reveals different reaction conditions in which different catalysts were used during the degradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene. The catalytic activity performance is reviewed and compared for all the catalysts used during the degradation of 1,2-dichlorobenzene. In our previous study, catalytic oxidation of orthodichlorobenzene in the presence of ozone and the catalyst at ambient reaction conditions was studied.

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27

Fyfe, C. A., H. Strobl, H. Gies, and G. T. Kokotailo. "High-resolution solid-state NMR investigation of the nature of the interaction between organic substrates and the zeolite ZSM-5 lattice." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 66, no. 8 (1988): 1942–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v88-313.

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The compounds p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, and p-dichlorobenzene induce essentially identical changes in the 29Si MAS NMR spectrum of zeolite ZSM-5, indicating that the major contribution to the induced phase change of the lattice structure in these cases is the size and shape of the sorbed organic molecules. Based on these results, p-dichlorobenzene may be used as a model system in future diffraction studies of the sorbate/lattice structure greatly facilitating these investigations.

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28

Fisher, Robyn L., Steven J. Hasal, I. Glenn Sipes, A. Jay Gandolfi, and Klaus Brendel. "Comparative metabolism and toxicity of dichlorobenzenes in Sprague-Dawley, Fischer-344 and human liver slices." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 5 (1995): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400505.

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1 Precision-cut liver slices, prepared from Sprague- Dawley and Fischer-344 rats and donated human liver tis sue, were used to identify differences in 1,2-dichloroben zene (1,2-DCB), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (1,3-DCB) and 1,4- dichlorobenzene (1,4-DCB) metabolism and how it may relate to toxicity. 2 Rat and human liver slices were incubated with 1 mM of either dichlorobenzene to determine metabolism and toxi city, at 2 and 6 h of organ culture. 3 The human liver slices metabolised the dichloroben zenes to a greater extent than those from either of the rat strains. Liver slices from the Fischer-344 strain had a higher metabolic rate than the slices from the Sprague- Dawley rat strain. 4 The metabolic rate of dichlorobenzene isomers did not consistently correlate with its toxicity. For example, human slices did not exhibit any hepatotoxicity, even though they metabolised these compounds to a greater extent than either rat strain. 5 Cross species covalent binding did not correlate with toxicity endpoints measured in this study. 6 The phase two metabolite profiles for each of the iso mers in human and rat slices were similar in that the glu tathione-cysteine conjugate was the major metabolite. 7 The use of an in vitro system which utilises human liver slices might provide an important bridge between animal derived data and the human situation.

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29

UEDA, Masaru. "p-Dichlorobenzene (C6 H4 Cl2)." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 44, no. 2 (1986): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.44.167.

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30

de Bont, J. A., M. J. Vorage, S. Hartmans, and W. J. van den Tweel. "Microbial degradation of 1,3-dichlorobenzene." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 52, no. 4 (1986): 677–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.52.4.677-680.1986.

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31

YUAN, Liwei. "Dynamics of excited m-dichlorobenzene." Science in China Series B 47, no. 4 (2004): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/03yb0251.

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32

Estop, E., A. Alvarez-Larena, A. Belaaraj, X. Solans та M. Labrador. "α-Phasep-Dichlorobenzene at 293K". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 53, № 12 (1997): 1932–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270197007737.

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33

Sun, Yongling. "Dimethyl 4,5-dichlorobenzene-1,2-dicarboxylate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 68, no. 3 (2012): o834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536812007167.

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34

DALHA ABUBAKAR, KABIRU, and LAWAN SANI ABDU. "EFFECTS OF PARA-DICHLOROBENZENE AND SODIUM AZIDE ON GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF SESAME ( Sesamum indicum L.)." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 2 (2021): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0501-555.

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ABSTRACT Sesame is an important source of income and edible oil particularly in sub-saharan Africa. Its cultivation is constrains by many factors including lack of improved varietiess, pests and disease and abiotic stresses. Creating genetic variability could provide a base upon which improvement could made. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of Sodium Azide and Para-dichlorobenzene on Germination and Seedlings growth of three sesame varieties (Ex-sudan, E-8 and JAN-IRI). Pot experiments were conducted during 2017 and 2018 seasons using completely randomized design (CRD). The treated seeds were planted and resulting plants (M0) were allowed to produce seeds. The seeds of the M0 were used in generating M1 plants which were used to evaluate the effect of the mutagens. Few days to germination were recorded in seeds treated with 3.0 mM So dium azide (3.0 days) or 3.0 mM Para-dichlorobenzene (3.0 days) in EX-SUDAN as well as seeds treated with 3.0 mM Sodium azide (3.0 days) in E-8. Percentage germination was significantly increased The highest shoot length was obtained when EX-SUDAN was treated with 2.0 mM (19.3cm) or 3.0 mM Sodium azide (18.2cm while highest root length was obtained when JAN-IRI and EX-SUDAN were treated with either 1.0 mM Para-dichlorobenzene (4.2cm) or 3.0 mM Sodium azide (3.8cm). The mutagens (Sodium azide and Para-dichlorobenzene) could be used to create variability for genetic improvement of Sesame.

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35

van Koningsveld, H., J. C. Jansen, and H. van Bekkum. "The location of p-dichlorobenzene in a single crystal of zeolite H-ZSM-5 at high sorbate loading." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 52, no. 1 (1996): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768195008524.

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The crystal structure of a high-loaded complex of H-ZSM-5 with eight molecules of p-dichlorobenzene per unit cell has been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The orthorhombic space group P212121 with a = 20.102 (6), b = 19.797 (9), c = 13.436 (3) Å and V = 5347 (3) Å3 has four Si23.92Al0.08O48.2C6H4Cl2 units per unit cell. Dx = 2.164 Mg m−3, λ(MoKα) = 0.71073 Å and μ(Mo Kα) = 0.876 mm−1. The final R(wR) = 0.046 (0.039), w = 1/σ 2(F), for 6090 observed reflections with I > 1.0σ(I) measured at 293 K. The straight channel parallel to [010] is slightly corrugated. The elliptical cross sections have limiting apertures of 6.0 × 4.9 Å (r oxygen = 1.35 Å). The sinusoidal channel parallel to [100] is elliptical with major and minor axes of 6.1 × 4.8 Å, respectively. One of the two independent p-dichlorobenzene molecule lies at the intersection of the straight and sinusoidal channels with its long molecular axis almost parallel to (100) and deviating ~8° from [010]. The second p-dichlorobenzene molecule is in the sinusoidal channel. Its long molecular axis deviates almost 7° from [100] and is practically parallel to (010). The structural aspects are in all details comparable to those in the high-loaded H-ZSM-5/p-xylene complex [van Koningsveld, Tuinstra, van Bekkum & Jansen (1989). Acta Cryst. B45, 423–431] , except for the main interaction forces between the p-dichlorobenzene molecules at the channel intersection.

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Sun, Jian Qi, Bo Qiao, and Jun Dai. "Determination of Chlorobenzenes in Wastewater by Single-Drop Microextraction Coupled to Capillary Gas Chromatography." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 2566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.2566.

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This study describes an analytical method employing capillary gas chromatography (GC) using flame ionization detection (FID) that has been developed for the simultaneous determination of chlorobenzenes (m-dichlorobenzene (m-DCB),p-dichlorobenzene (p-DCB),o-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (1,2,4-TCB)) in wastewater. For this purpose, single-drop microextraction (SDME) was applied as a sample preparation technique. The SDME parameters such as types of extractants, volume of the microdroplet size, extraction time, stir rate and immersion depth of needle point were studyed and optimized. The method was linear in the ranges from 4.0×10-3to 40.0 μg·mL-1form-DCB,p-DCB ando-DCB, and 4.0×10-3to 30.0 μg·mL-1for 1,2,4-TCB withR2≥0.9955. The SDME procedure allowed efficient recovery of the investigated chlorobenzenes ranging between 80 % and 105 % with a relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤6.5 for actual wastewater sampes spiked with 2, 5 and 10 μg·mL-1of chlorobenzes, respectively. These results showed the potential of this technique for chlorobenzenes monitoring in wastewater samples. Furthermore, the investigated methods are simple, reliable, reproducible, and not expensive.

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Sumathi, R*and Anuradha R. "PROTECTIVE ROLE OF METHANOLIC FLOWER EXTRACT OF ALLAMANDA NERIIFOLIA HOOK AGAINST 1, 4 DICHLOROBENZENE (DCB)-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY." Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 04, no. 12 (2018): 4804–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1134386.

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective role of methanolic flower extract of Allamanda neriifolia on 1, 4 dichlorobenzene (DCB)-induced hepatotoxicity in rat model. 1,4 DCB administered rats (300mg/kg/b.wt which was dissolved in 1ml of corn oil by intraperitonial injection for 45 days) were pre treated with methanolic flower extract of Allamanda neriifolia (300 mg / kg body weight) for 45 days and sacrificed after 1,4 DCB intoxication. Results showed that 1,4 DCB caused a marked rise in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), as well as marked decrease in serum total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), PCV, WBC, RBC, Hemoglobin and platelet compared to controls. However pre treatment with A.neriifolia methanolic flower extract produced a significant decrease in the ALT and total cholesterol level and an increase in total protein, albumin and hematological parameters compared to DCB alone group. Taken these data together, it can be concluded that natural plant components such as A.neriifolia flowers could protect the liver against dichlorobenzene (DCB)-induced liver toxicity. Keywords: Allamanda neriifolia, 1, 4 Dichlorobenzene, methanolic extract, Hepatotoxicity

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38

Dongre, Yogesh Kumar, and Sanjay Tiwari. "Inverted Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) Polymer (PCDTBT-PC70BM) Solar Photovoltaic Technology." Journal of Ravishankar University (PART-B) 35, no. 1 (2022): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52228/jrub.2022-35-1-3.

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Inverted Bulk heterojunctions (Ag/MoO3/PCDTBT-PC70BM/ZnO/ITO) Organic Solar cells, based on Organic (Polymer) materials is fabricated and characterized in this work. PCDTBT-PC70BM was synthesized by chloroform, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene (organic solvent). Surface morphology of ZnO and PCDTBT-PC70BM were studied. Bulk heterojunctions of active material are formed by the mixture of PCDTBT donor and PC70BM an acceptor in a random manner. For Sufficient transportation of charge carrier (electron and hole), hole transport (HT) and electron transport (ET) layers was deposited. ZnO is used as an ETM and synthesized by using Sol-Gel technique. MoO3 thin film deposited over the active material, enhances hole transformation because of band gap tuning with Ag and active materials. Absorbance and Photoluminescence spectra of polymer material with different organic solvents were studied and results were discussed in this work. o-dichlorobenzene enhance the absorption of PCDTBT/PC70BM. At 400 nm, 90% of sun light is absorbed, and 70% absorption is figure out in 500- 550nm wavelength. The Photo-luminescence of PCDTBT/PC70BM thin film in different organic solvents is ranging from 650nm to 750nm. At 700nm, 20% is shown for chloroform, 40% for chlorobenzene and highest 80% is achieved by o-dichlorobenzene. J-V value is obtained from a solar simulator which irradiates the sun spectrum 1.5 AM, for all the devices having cell area 0.045 cm2. For concentration (1:1) ratio in different organic solvents like chloroform, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene, (3.5, 4.2, and 5.8) %, PCE were obtained respectively.

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Friedman, Ronald S., and Lester Andrews. "Photochemical rearrangements of o- and m-dichlorobenzene cations to p-dichlorobenzene cation in solid argon." Journal of the American Chemical Society 107, no. 4 (1985): 822–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00290a015.

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40

Hong, William D., Christopher N. Lam, Yangyang Wang, et al. "Influence of side chain isomerism on the rigidity of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) in solutions revealed by neutron scattering." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 21, no. 15 (2019): 7745–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp07520d.

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Panchal, Ashutosh, Sushant Kumar Behera, Bidisha Nath, and Praveen C. Ramamurthy. "Influence of thin-film processing on the performance of organic field-effect transistors." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 5 (2022): 055501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0098943.

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Due to their functional and processing versatility, organic semiconductors have gained much interest in recent years. Tailoring the charge transport in a polymeric semiconductor system is imperative for developing optimized devices. Factors such as selection of solvent species and annealing temperature play a significant role in deciding the morphology of the polymer semiconductor and hence the device performance. Bottom-gate bottom-contact organic field-effect transistors were fabricated with regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the active material. The effects of using chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene as the solvents for P3HT and annealing temperatures on the device performance were evaluated. The devices made using chlorobenzene showed greater field-effect mobility compared to those fabricated with o-dichlorobenzene. This behavior can be attributed to the disentanglement of polymer chains in a solvent with better matching solubility parameters and subsequent ease of arranging in ordered structures during processing. Furthermore, annealing the o-dichlorobenzene devices at temperatures closer to the crystallization temperature of P3HT showed an increase in field-effect mobility. At temperatures closer to the crystallization temperature, a polymer film in a semidry state can allow increased ordering of the chains leading to enhanced charge transportation.

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42

Huang, Peng-Mian, and Dao-Wu Yang. "N-(2,6-Dichlorobenzyl)phthalimide." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 63, no. 3 (2007): o1251—o1252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536807006411.

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Wykrota, A., M. Bazarnik, R. Czajka, and K. Morgenstern. "A molecular switch based on the manipulation of 1,3-dichlorobenzene on Ge(001) between two adsorption sites by inelastic tunneling electrons." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 43 (2015): 28830–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp04001a.

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44

Rall, David P. "Carcinogenicity of p -Dichlorobenzene." Science 236, no. 4804 (1987): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.236.4804.897.c.

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Rall, David P. "Carcinogenicity of p -Dichlorobenzene." Science 236, no. 4804 (1987): 897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.236.4804.897-c.

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46

Böyük, U., K. Keşlioğlu, and N. Maraşli. "Solid–liquid interfacial energy of dichlorobenzene." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 19, no. 11 (2007): 116202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/19/11/116202.

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47

Bull, R., and G. Roberts. "An intake of C14-labelled dichlorobenzene." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 163, no. 1 (2014): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncu049.

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48

Coq, B., J. Pardillos, and F. Figueras. "Isomerization of o-dichlorobenzene over zeolites." Applied Catalysis 62, no. 1 (1990): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0166-9834(00)82252-6.

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49

Fagan, Solange B., A. G. Souza Filho, J. O. G. Lima, et al. "1,2-Dichlorobenzene Interacting with Carbon Nanotubes." Nano Letters 4, no. 7 (2004): 1285–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl0493895.

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50

Singh, I. B., S. B. Rai, and D. K. Rai. "Two photon absorption spectrum ofp-dichlorobenzene." Pramana 45, no. 3 (1995): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02848419.

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