Academic literature on the topic 'Diclofenac'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diclofenac"
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Shumyantseva, V. V., E. V. Shich, A. A. Machova, T. V. Bulko, V. G. Kukes, O. S. Sizova, G. V. Ramenskaya, S. A. Usanov, and A. I. Archakov. "The influence of vitamin B group on monooxygenase activity of cytochrome P450 3A4: pharmacokinetics and electro analysis of catalytic properties." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 57, no. 3 (2011): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20115703343.
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It was shown that vitamin B group permit to shorten the longitude of diclofenak therapy and to reduce the daytime dose of this drug. All three schemes of diclofenac treatment - only diclofenac, diclofenac plus 2 tablets of Gitagamp (mixture of vitamin B group), and diclofenac plus 4 tablets of Gitagamp - gave maximum value of diclofenal in blood through 1 hour after treatment. In the case of diclofenak treatment without vitamins Cmax corresponds to 1137.2±82.4 ng/ml, with 2 tablets of Gitagamp - Cmax 1326.7±122.5 ng/ml, and with 4 tablets - Cmax 2200.4±111.3 ng/ml. Positive influence of vitamin B group on the decrease of pain syndrome was shown. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics data were confirmed in electrochemical experiments with cytochrome P450 3A4. For enzyme immobilization screen printed graphite electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles and synthetic membrane-like compound didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB/Au) were used. Electrochemical analysis reviled the influence of vitamin B group on metabolism of non steroid anti inflammation drug diclofenac catalyzed by cytochrome P450 3A4. Riboflavin was the most effective inhibitor of diclofenac hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 3A4 as was compared at 300 M concentration of vitamin B group (B1, B2, B6). These data confirmed the opportunity of pharmacokinetic parameters regulation and the level of pharmacodynamic effects by the influence of vitamin B group on the catalytic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4.
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Frah Razzaq Kbyeh and Ahmed N. Abedsalih. "Study the Antibacterial Mechanism of Diclofenac and its Activity Alone or Combined with Ciprofloxacin in Treating Urinary Tract Infection." Wasit Journal for Pure sciences 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 292–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/wjps.191.
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This study aimed to compare the effects of diclofenac, ciprofloxacin and their combination groups on urine tract infection (U.T.I.s) caused by resistance E coli 0157 H7 in vitro and in vivo. Two hundred urine samples were collected from adult women patients suffering from U.T.I.s from February 2022 to July 2022. The urine specimen was cultured on the blood agar and then incubated at 37°C for (1-2) days; MacConkey agar is the media used for determining the biochemistry results, and identification by Rapidchek test which was performed on typical colonies from the selective plate. The M.I.C effect of Diclofenac began at (25600µg/ml) against resistance E coli 0157H7 while M.I.C of ciprofloxacin it was at (0.96mg/ml), but M.I.C of a combination between (diclofenacn+ciprofloxacin) it was at (400+0.48) mg/ml. Resistance induction assay,with the ciprofloxacin has increased four times, while with the diclofenac has doubled, whilst the combination between (diclofenacn+ciprofloxacin) has no changed after 21 days, according to M.I.C.in the time-kill assay, it was proved that the ciprofloxacin and the combination between (diclofenacn+ciprofloxacin) works after 6 hours, compared to the diclofenac, which started to reduce bacterial counting after 40. After that, the examination was carried out by scanning electronic microscope (S.E.M.) to exam the mechanics of diclofenac,work which was found that it was works as anti-biofilm In this study, forty-eighth (48) rabbits were used and divided into six groups as follow positive control (P.C.), negative control (N.C.), diclofenac (D.C.) in 1mg/kg group, ciprofloxacin (C.I.P.)in7mg/kg group, combination (ciprofloxacin 3.5 mg/kg+diclofenac1mg/kg)COM1 group and combination (ciprofloxacin 1.75 mg/kg+diclofenac1mg/kg) com2 All animals (injected with 0.1 ml in CFU E coli 0157 H7 by urinary catheterization route excepting negative control all group excepting negative control resulted in a significant increase in pus cell, epithelium cell concentration in the urine after three days E coli 0157 H7 infection comparison with negative control while in all experimental period after (14 days) showed no significant (P < 0.05) between positive control (P.C.) and diclofenac treated groups but combination COM1 group and com2 decrease significantly (P< 0.05) after (seven and fourteen) days comparison with positive control. diclofenac can be combined with antibiotics as an anti-virulence agent, enhancing the immune system's ability to eradicate infection
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Gowtham, Dr S. E. "A Comparative Study of Diclofenac with Paracetamol versus Diclofenac with Serratiopeptidase in Pain Associated with Soft Tissue Injury." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2740–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37848.
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Abstract: The point of the executives is to ease the pain rapidly and improve practical capacity. NSAIDs are the primary line treatment. Serratiopeptidase is the proteolytic enzyme. The challenge lies in deciding whether only NSAIDs or NSAIDs with proteolytic enzyme will give more prominent indicative help, while additionally being savvy. the primary goal is to think about the adequacy of diclofenac with paracetamol and diclofenac with serratiopeptidase in the administration of delicate tisssue injury. This prospective, open label, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients over 18 years of age and presenting with soft tissue injury pain (elbow pain, knee pain, general pain, back pain ) of less than 6 weeks duration were enrolled in the study. Forty patients with soft tissue injury pain were randomized into two groups: Group A got diclofenac with paracetamol (50mg/325mg) double a day and Group B got diclofenac with serratiopeptidase (50mg/10mg) double a day for 1 week. The Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) determined the clinically significant results. The decrease in pain intensity in Group B was (MEAN= 3.76), while in Group A it was (MEAN= 3.93). The average cost-effectiveness ratio indicated that diclofenac wit paracetamol was the dominant treatment over diclofenac with serratiopeptidase. Therefore, diclofenacc with paracetamol was found to be the cost-effective option for soft tissue injury pain relief in for 1 week. Both diclofenac wit paracetamol and diclofenac with serratiopeptidase. were clinically effective in reducing the pain intensity and in improving functional ability. H owever, diclofenac wit paracetamol was found to be the cost-effective intervention. Keywords: Paracetamol, diclofenac, Serratiopeptidase, soft tissue injury, pain.
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Guzmán, Miriam Franco, Luis Humberto Mendoza Huizar, Carlos Andrés Galán Vidal, Gabriela Roa Morales, and Giaan A. Álvarez Romero. "A Box-Behnken Optimized Methodology for the Quantification of Diclofenac using a Carbon Paste-Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Electrode." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 3 (May 7, 2019): 294–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180423151749.
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Background: Diclofenac is a widely used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. Recent studies have shown that frequent consumption of this drug in high concentrations can cause heart diseases, so strict control of diclofenac’s quantity in commercial drugs is necessary. This paper presents the development of an optimized voltammetric methodology for the quantification of diclofenac, which offers some advantages over other electrochemical and accepted methods. Objective: Optimize with a Box-Behnken design the differential pulse voltammetry parameters towards the quantification of diclofenac in pharmaceutical samples. Methods: Diclofenac behavior in the working electrode was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, in order to stablish the best conditions for diclofenac’s quantification. A Box-Behnken design was then used to optimize the differential pulse voltammetry parameters and stablish the analytical behavior of the proposed methodology. Commercial tablets were prepared for analysis according to the Pharmacopeia, the DPV optimized methodology was used to quantify diclofenac in the samples, and the results were statistically compared with those obtained with the official methodology. Results: After optimization, the analytical parameters found were: correlation coefficient of 0.998, detection limit of 0.001 µM, quantification limit of 0.0033 µM and sensitivity of 0.299 µA.µM-1. The statistical analysis showed there were no significant differences between the results obtained with the proposed methodology and those obtained with the official methodology. Conclusion: The statistical analysis showed that the proposed methodology is as reliable as the official spectrophotometric one for the quantification of diclofenac in commercial drugs, with very competitive analytical parameters, and even better to others found with more complex electrodes.
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Rao, Varsha, Vidya Patil, Anusha Suntan, and Shivanand LK. "The Efficacy of Transdermal Diclofenac Patch for Postoperative Analgesia in Comparison with Intramuscular Diclofenac in Patients Undergoing Lower Abdominal and Perineal Surgeries Under Sub-Arachnoid Block A Randomised Comparative." Indian Journal of Anesthesia and Analgesia 8, no. 5 (October 15, 2021): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijaa.2349.8471.8521.78.
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Background: Although, postoperative pain is a distinctive and most common form of pain, it remains poorly treated. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Transdermal diclofenac patch versus IM diclofen patients undergoing lower abdominal and perineal surgeries under Subarachnoid during postoperative period. Methodology: This randomised comparative study included 90 ASA I and II patien either sex aged 18 – 60 years. Patients were randomly divided by computer generated into two groups of 45 patients each. Group A was applied with a Transdermal Diclofenac (100mg) at the beginning of surgery after subarachnoid block. In groupB 75mg of Diclofenac sodium was given intramuscularly half an hour befo end of surgery. Data was analysed using Chi-square test and Mann Whitney U test Results: The mean difference in the time of administration of rescue analgesia in grou 8hr 37 mins ± 1 hr 4.2 mins and group B is 6hrs 19 mins ±58.6 mins ( P value is < 0.0001 ) effects in group A were very minimal. Conclusion: Thus transdermal diclofenac patch is effective, non- invasive and safer w treating postoperative pain. Keywords: Transdermal Diclofenac Patch, Im Diclofenac, Postoperative Analgesia.
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Zapata-Morales, Ana Laura, Sarai Vega-Rodriguez, Ma Catalina Alfaro de la Torre, Alejandro Hernández-Morales, Socorro Leyva-Ramos, and Ruth Elena Soria-Guerra. "Efficiency of Cattail to Remove a Mixture of Pharmaceuticals in a Constructed Wetland." Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i1.1848.
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Reducing the risk of the aquatic ecosystem’s contamination with organic substances such as pharmaceuticals is of great importance due to the toxicological effect of these substances on aquatic organisms. Therefore, the removal of pharmaceuticals and/or their metabolites frequently reported in industrial or municipal wastewaters require efficient processes that complement the conventional treatment systems; the constructed wetlands are an option. In this work, the removal efficiency of mixed diclofenac and naproxen was evaluated using a subsurface flow constructed wetland planted with cattail (Typha latifolia), operated during 100 days at a hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 3 days. Under these conditions, the diclofenac and naproxen removal efficiencies were 82.0% and 74.5%, respectively. The interaction between diclofenac and naproxen with cellulose, which is the major cell wall compound of higher plants, was computationally modeled at the PM6 semi-empirical level of theory and it was found that diclofenac and naproxen interact with cellulose via hydrogen bonds. Resumen. Reducir el riesgo de contaminación de los ecosistemas acuáticos con sustancias orgánicas como los fármacos es de gran importancia debido al efecto toxicológico de estas sustancias para los organismos acuáticos. Por ello, la remoción de los fármacos y/o sus metabolitos frecuentemente reportados en aguas residuales industriales o municipales requiere de procesos eficientes que complementen los sistemas convencionales de tratamiento; los humedales construidos son una opción. En este trabajo, se evaluó la eficiencia de remoción de diclofenaco y de naproxeno en mezcla utilizando un humedal construido de flujo subsuperficial con plantas de tule (Typha latifolia), operado durante 100 días con un tiempo de residencia hidráulica (TRH) de 3 días. En estas condiciones, las eficiencias de remoción de diclofenaco y de naproxeno fueron de 82.0 % y 74.5 % respectivamente. La interacción entre diclofenaco y naproxeno con celulosa, que es el componente mayoritario de la pared celular de las plantas superiores, se modeló computacionalmente al nivel de teoría semiempírico con el método PM6, y se encontró que diclofenaco y naproxeno interactúan con celulosa mediante puentes de hidrógeno.
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Barrros Gomes, Paulo Roberto, Victor Elias Mouchrek Filho, Rayone Wesly Santos de Oliveira, Adriana Pereira Everton, Jonas Batista Reis, Hilton Costa Louzeiro, Wellington Da Silva Lyra, Maria Alves Fontenele, and Danila Teresa Valeriano Alves. "Utilização dos métodos automáticos em fluxos com detecção espectrofotométrica na determinação de diclofenaco de sódio em formulações farmacêuticas e fluidos corporais." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rcciquifa.v48n1.80063.
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Este trabalho descreveu e comparou quatro estudos entre si que utilizaram métodos automáticos em fluxo com detecção espectrofotométrica e a reação de oxidação do diclofenaco para determinar diclofenaco em formulações farmacêuticas e fluidos corporais. Para isso, utilizamos os seguintes artigos: Versatility of a multicommuted flow system in the spectrometric determination of three analytes, Sequential injection spectrophotometric method for the assay of anti-inflammatory diclofenac sodium in pharmaceutical preparations, Screening of conditions controlling spectrophotometric sequential injection analysis e Sequential injection spectrophotometric determination of diclofenac in urine and pharmaceutical formulations e detalhamos as metodologias empregadas, os resultados, conclusões obtidas e comparamos entre eles os limites de detecção, desvio padrão relativo e a frequência analítica. Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre métodos empregados e a utilização do Sistema automático do tipo Análise por Injeção Sequencial, apesar deste possuir menor frequência analítica.
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&NA;. "Diclofenac see Aspirin/diclofenac." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 355 (June 1991): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-199103550-00026.
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&NA;. "Diclofenac." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1379 (November 2011): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201113790-00048.
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&NA;. "Diclofenac." Reactions Weekly &NA;, no. 1388 (February 2012): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00128415-201213880-00048.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Diclofenac"
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Pinto, Leydy Katherine Ardila. "Estudo da degradação do diclofenaco em meio aquoso: fotólise vs. fotocatálise heterogênea (TiO2/UV)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75135/tde-27112013-142729/.
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Os produtos farmacêuticos têm sido considerados como um problema ambiental devido à sua entrada contínua e persistência no ecossistema aquático, mesmo em baixas concentrações (µg L-1 e ng L-1). Muitos fármacos têm sido frequentemente determinados em Estações de Tratamento de Esgoto (ETEs), águas superficiais, subterrâneas e de abastecimento, devido à baixa eficiência dos sistemas convencionais de tratamento na eliminação destes compostos. O diclofenaco (DCF), é um Anti-Inflamatório Não Esteróide (AINE) comumente utilizado como analgésico, antiartrítico e antirreumático. Possui uma baixa biodegradabilidade e tem a capacidade de bioacumulação nos tecidos de seres vivos, podendo apresentar efeitos ecotóxicos. Como o DCF pode não ser eficientemente removido pelos tratamentos convencionais de água e esgoto, novos processos têm sido pesquisados para a sua remoção, entre eles os processos oxidativos avançados (POAs). O objetivo deste trabalho foi tratar o DCF sódico aquoso por fotocatálise heterogênea (TiO2/UV). Para isso foi realizado um planejamento fatorial 25 com a finalidade de se determinar os efeitos dos parâmetros reacionais -- dosagem e tipo de fotocatalisador, concentração inicial do fármaco, tipo de aceptor de elétrons e pH -- sobre o desempenho do tratamento. A variável-resposta observada foi a redução da área sob o espectro de absorção no UV. A condição ótima de tratamento foi: pH = 5; dosagem de TiO2 = 0,5 g L-1; concentração inicial de DCF = 20 mg L-1; aceptor de elétrons = oxigênio; e tipo de catalisador = P25 (Evonik). No estudo da cinética, a degradação do fármaco foi acompanhada por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Para a amostra tratada por fotocatálise heterogênea, a concentração de DCF foi reduzida a aproximadamente 40 µg L-1 em 30 min de irradiação e a degradação seguiu o modelo cinético de Langmuir-Hinshelwood (R2 = 0,95) com constante de velocidade k = (2,3 ± 0,070) × 103 µg L-1 min-1 e uma constante de adsorção K = (2,1 ± 0,17) × 10-4 L µg-1. No ensaio de fotólise a concentração foi reduzida a aproximadamente 70 µg L-1 em 12,5 min de tratamento e observou-se uma cinética de ordem zero (R2 = 0,96) com k = (2,7 ± 0,070) × 103 µg L-1 min-1. Foram identificados alguns intermediários de oxidação por cromatografia líquida acoplada a espectroscopia de massas (LC/MS-MS) e foram realizados ensaios ecotoxicológicos (Daphnia similis e Lactuca sativa) das amostras tratadas. Nenhum dos tratamentos (fotocatálise e fotólise) estudados gerou ecotoxidade nos organismos-teste. Indica-se a fotólise, nas condições deste trabalho, como mais eficiente para a degradação do diclofenaco.Pharmaceuticals are considered an environmental problem due to their continuous input and persistence in aquatic ecosystems, even at low concentrations (µg L-1 e ng L-1). Many drugs are often detected in Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), surface water, groundwater and drinking water due to the low efficiency of conventional treatment systems in removing those compounds. Diclofenac (DCF) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used as an analgesic, antiarthritic and antirheumatic. It has low biodegradability and can bioaccumulate in the tissues of organisms, and may have ecotoxicological effects. Since DCF cannot be efficiently removed by conventional water and sewage treatments, new processes have been studied for its removal, including the advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). The aim of this study was to treat aqueous diclofenac by heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2/UV). For this purpose, a factorial design 25 was performed in order to determine the effects of the reaction parameters -- dosage and type of photocatalyst, initial concentration of the drug, type of electron acceptor and pH -- on the treatment performance. The response variable observed was the reduction in the area under the UV absorption spectrum. The optimal treatment condition was: pH = 5; TiO2 dosage = 0,5 g L-1; DCF initial concentration = 20 mg L-1; electron acceptor = oxygen; and type of catalyst = P25 (Evonik). In the kinetic study, the drug degradation was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). For the sample treated by heterogeneous photocatalysis, DCF initial concentration was reduced to approximately 40 µg L-1 in 30 min of irradiation, and the degradation followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model (R2 = 0,95) with rate constant k = (2,3 ± 0,070) × 103 µg L-1 min-1 and adsorption constant K = (2,1 ± 0,17) × 10-4 L µg -1. During photolysis, DCF initial concentration was reduced to approximately 70 µg L-1 in 12,5 min of treatment and followed a zero-order kinetics (R2 = 0,96) with k = (2,7 ± 0,070) × 103 µg L-1 min-1. Some oxidation intermediates were identified by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (LC/MS-MS) and ecotoxicological tests performed (Daphnia similis and Lactuca sativa) for the treated samples. None of the studied treatments (photocatalysis and photolysis) produced ecotoxicity to the test-organisms. Photolysis is preferable, within the present studied conditions, to degrade aqueous diclofenac.
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Reque, Maria Lucia. "Uso da papaina como potencializadora da penetração cutanea de diclofenaco dietilamonio em pomada." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310081.
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Orientador: Jose Luiz DonatoDissertação (mestrado] - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Facu.dade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A barreira dérmica é representada por uma estrutura lipoprotéica e constitui um ambiente bioquímico altamente complexo. Trata-se de uma barreira muito eficiente ao ingresso de agentes químicos. Não há na literatura nenhum relato do uso de enzimas proteolíticas como agente potencializador da permeação de fármacos presentes em formulações para uso tópico. Neste trabalho desenvolvemos uma formulação de pomada contendo a enzima para potencializar a penetração de diclofenaco dietilamônio na pele, sendo realizado também o estudo da sua estabilidade na formulação através do acompanhamento da sua atividade catalítica, bem como a avaliação in vivo do seu potencial de alergenicidade cutânea. A atividade da papaína como potencializadora da penetração cutânea de diclofenaco dietilamônio em pomada foi avaliada in vitro através de células de difusão de Franz utilizando pele de porco, e in vivo, por meio de testes clínicos com voluntários humanos. O estudo de estabilidade, revelou que a atividade catalítica da papaina permaneceu estável na formulação quando a mesma foi armazenada a temperatura ambiente por pelo menos 24 meses, porém, sob condição acelerada (45°C e 70% U.R.), a enzima perdeu a sua atividade catalítica após seis meses de armazenamento. Não foi observada nos voluntários humanos, nenhuma reação adversa como eritema, pápulas ou vesículas durante o período de avaliação da alergenicidade cutânea da papaína, sendo a enzima aprovada para uso tópico. No teste de permeabilidade in vitro, foi observado um aumento de 50% no acúmulo de diclofenaco após quatro horas de permeação, quando a papaína esteve presente na formulação de diclofenaco dietilamônio em pomada. O teste de permeabilidade in vivo mostrou que a papaína aumentou a penetração de diclofenaco na pele quando a mesma foi tratada anteriormente com pomada contendo papaína e não quando a enzima foi administrada juntamente com o diclofenaco. Foi demonstrado o potencial da papaína como potencializadora da penetração de antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais (AINEs) em formulações de uso tópico, melhorando consideravelmente a eficiência das mesmas
Abstract: The skin barrier is represented by a lipoprotein structure and is a very complex biochemical environmental. It is considered a very efficient barrier to the absorption of many chemical compounds. There is no report about the use of proteolytic enzymes as a penetration enhancer of therapeutic drugs in topic formulations. In this study, an ointment formulation containing papain was developed to increase the diclofenac diethylammonium skin penetration. Stability studies were performed to verify the enzymatic activity after incorporation in the formulation. It was also evaluated the in vivo allergenecity potential of the papain. The penetration enhancing activity of this enzyme was investigated in vitro through Franz-type diffusion cell using porcine skin, and in vivo, through clinical tests with human volunteers. The stability study showed that papain remained stable in the formulation when it was stored at room temperature during 24 months, however, at accelerated condition ( 45°C and 70% of humidity) the enzyme lost its catalytic activity after 6 month of storage. Regarding in vivo allergenicity studies, the human volunteers no observed adverse reactions as eritema, papulas or vesicle during the period of evaluation, being the papain approved to topical use. On in vitro skin permeation study, an increase of about 50% in the diclofenac accumulation was observed after four hours of permeation when the papain was present in the formulation. The in vivo skin permeation study showed that papain increased diclofenac skin penetration when it was treated previously with ointment containing papain and no when the enzyme was administrated together diclofenac. It was demonstrated the papain potential as penetration enhancer in NSAIDs (non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) formulation for topical use improving its efficiency
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
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Costa, Elisa Maria Monteiro da. "Permeação de emulsões comerciais de diclofenac." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/3974.
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Mestrado em Química Analítica e Controlo de QualidadeO diclofenac de sódio é um composto utilizado pela indústria farmacêutica devido às suas propriedades anti-inflamatórias, analgésicas e anti-reumáticas. Em muitos casos o diclofenac é aplicado por via transdérmica, sendo necessário o seu controlo nas formulações, o que acontece pelo conhecimento da permeação do medicamento através da pele. Vários métodos são utilizados para estudar a permeação, mas estes necessitam da recolha da amostra da câmara receptora ao longo da experiência, alterando as condições de permeação. O objectivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um método analítico utilizando uma microbalança de cristais de quartzo para estudar a permeação através da pele, em tempo real. Para a realização do presente trabalho foram utilizadas membranas de celofane e pele humana, e foi estudada a permeação de duas emulsões comerciais: o Voltaren Emulgel® e o Diclofenac Gel Cinfa®. Para ambas, foram determinados o coeficiente de difusão e o fluxo do diclofenac de sódio, tendo-se obtido para a membrana de celofane, valores de D=3,63x10-7cm2/h e J=4,37x10-3mg/cm2.h, para o Voltaren Emulgel® e de D=4,53x10-7cm2/h e J=9,65x10-3mg/cm2.h para o Diclofenac Gel Cinfa®. Para a pele, obteve-se com o Voltaren Emulgel um coeficiente de difusão D=7,84x 10-7cm2/h e um fluxo J=2,36x10-3mg/cm2.h. Os coeficientes de difusão para ambas as membranas são da mesma ordem de grandeza (10-7), o que confirma a utilidade do celofane nestes estudos, como membrana modelo sempre que não é possível a utilização da pele. Quanto à média dos valores do fluxo obtida para a pele, e com o Voltaren Emulgel®, ela é igual ao valor encontrado na literatura, o que permite concluir que o novo método baseado na microbalança de cristais de quartzo conduz a resultados exactos e mesmo mais precisos do que os reportados com a célula de Franz na realização dos estudos de permeação.
Sodium diclofenac is a compound used by the pharmaceutical industry because of its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and anti-rheumatic properties. In many cases, the diclofenac is applied transdermally, being necessary its control in the formulations, what happens upon the knowledge of the drug permeation through the skin. Several methods are used to study the permeation, but they require the collection of the sample of the receiving chamber throughout the experiment, what changes the conditions of permeation. The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical method using a quartz crystal microbalance to study the permeation through the skin in real time. In the realization of this work, were used cellophane and human skin as membranes, and the permeation of two commercial emulsions, Voltaren Emulgel® and Diclofenac Gel Cinfa®, were studied For both, we determined the diffusion coefficient and the flux of sodium diclofenac. For the cellophane membrane, the values were D=3,63x10-7cm2/h and J=4,37x10-3mg/cm2.h for Voltaren Emulgel®, and D=4,53x10-7cm2/h and J=9,65x 10-3mg/cm2.h for Diclofenac Gel Cinfa®. For the skin a diffusion coefficient of D=7,84x10-7cm2/h and a flux of J=2,36x10-3mg/cm2.h were obtained with Voltaren Emulgel®. The diffusion coefficients found are all in the 10-7 range, which confirms the usefulness of the studies in cellophane as a model membrane, whenever the use skin in not available. The average of the flux values obtained for the skin, with the Voltaren Emulgel®, is equal to the value found in the literature, which proves that the new method based on quartz crystal microbalance leads to accurate results. I fact the results were even more precise than those reported with the Franz cell.
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Kretz-Rommel, Anke. "Molecular characterization of diclofenac-induced hepatic injury /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1994. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=10834.
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Santos, Telma Alexandra Neves dos. "Estudo da fotodegradação de diclofenac e citalopram." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17085.
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Mestrado em Química - Química Analítica e QualidadeNa última década, os fármacos têm sido apontados como importantes poluentes ambientais. Estes são compostos biologicamente ativos, podendo ser persistentes e portanto reconhecidos como uma ameaça contínua para o ambiente. Os compostos originais e/ou os respetivos metabolitos estão constantemente a ser depositados no ambiente, sendo a excreção pelo ser humano (urina e fezes) a principal forma de entrada, uma vez que as Estações de Tratamento de Águas Residuais (ETARs) não são, na generalidade, eficazes na sua eliminação. A fotodegradação é uma das principais vias de degradação abiótica de contaminantes nas águas naturais. Neste trabalho, irão ser abordados dois fármacos de classes diferentes, o diclofenac (anti-inflamatório) e o citalopram (antidepressivo). Estes fármacos foram submetidos a fotodegradação direta, através de radiação solar simulada, por forma a estudar a sua persistência no ambiente. Este estudo demonstrou que a velocidade de degradação do diclofenac é maior comparativamente com a velocidade de degradação do citalopram, sendo o tempo de meia vida de 0,057 SSD e 17 SSD, respetivamente. Adicionalmente aos estudos de fotodegradação direta, para o citalopram foi também efetuado o estudo do efeito do oxigénio dissolvido em solução aquosa. Estes estudos foram seguidos pela técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) e alguns produtos de fotodegradação foram identificados por espetrometria de massa (MS). Para este fármaco foi também efetuado o estudo com a porfirina H2TDMImP como fotossensibilizador por forma a avaliar o seu efeito na velocidade de degradação do citalopram, tendo esta aumentado em cerca de 6 vezes na presença de H2TDMImP.
During the last decade, pharmaceuticals have been identified as severe environmental pollutants. These are biologically active substances that can be persistent and are recognized as a continuous threat to the environment. The original substances and/or their metabolites are constantly thrown into the environment, being human excretions (urine and faeces) the main form of insertion, since Waste Water Treatment Plants (WWTP's) are, in general, not efficient in their elimination. Photodegradation is one of the main processes of abiotic degradation of contaminants in mineral water. This work will approach two pharmaceuticals of different classes: diclofenac (anti-inflammatory) and citalopram (antidepressive). These pharmaceuticals were subjected to direct photodegradation, through simulated solar irradiation, in order to assess their persistence in the environment. It was verified that the degradation rate of diclofenac is higher than that of citalopram, being their half lifetime of about 0.057 SSD and 17 SSD, respectively. Besides these direct photodegradation experiments with both pharmaceuticals, the effect of dissolved oxygen in the aqueous solution was also studied with citalopram. These tests were followed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and some of the products of photodegradation were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Moreover, an experiment with the H2TDMImP porphyrin as a photosensitizer was also performed, in order to assess its effect on the degradation rate of citalopram, which increased over 6 times in the presence of the H2TDMImP.
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Barroso, MÃrcia Vieira Barreira. "EficÃcia e seguranÃa dos inibidores da ciclooxigenase celecoxibe e diclofenaco na periodontite induzida em ratos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1538.
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FundaÃÃo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
A periodontite à definida como uma doenÃa inflamatÃria dos tecidos de suporte dos dentes, causada por microorganismos, caracterizada por infiltraÃÃo de leucÃcitos, destruiÃÃo progressiva dos ligamentos periodontais e osso alveolar. O esclarecimento do papel de prostaglandinas na reabsorÃÃo Ãssea periodontal tem contribuÃdo para a utilizaÃÃo mais racional de fÃrmacos inibidores das ciclooxigenases disponÃveis no mercado. Nesse sentido, torna-se necessÃrio o estudo da seguranÃa, nÃo obstante sua eficÃcia, destes agentes antiinflamatÃrios nÃo esteroidais, como celecoxib ou diclofenaco potÃssico. No presente estudo, utilizou-se um modelo de periodontite induzida por corpo estranho em ratos descrito na literatura, com o objetivo de avaliar a capacidade do celecoxib e do diclofenaco potÃssico. Observou-se que a inserÃÃo cirÃrgica do fio de nÃilon no modelo estudado induziu a perda Ãssea alveolar de forma significante aos 11 dias. Celecoxib nas doses diÃrias de 3, 9 e 27 mg/kg foi capaz de inibir a perda Ãssea alveolar de forma significante e dose-dependente (64%, 53% e 75,4%, respectivamente). O resultado com diclofenaco nas doses de 1 e 5 mg/kg tambÃm reduziu de forma significante, a perda Ãssea alveolar (41% e 54,5%, respectivamente). A anÃlise macroscÃpica dos estÃmagos mostrou que celecoxib e diclofenaco nÃo promoveram lesÃes gÃstricas de forma significante quando comparados aos animais nÃo tratados. O uso de celecoxib nÃo causou alteraÃÃes, de forma significante, no hemograma dos animais submetidos à periodontite. Com diclofenaco, verificou-se uma leucocitose em decorrÃncia do aumento do nÃmero de neutrÃfilos, com maior pico no perÃodo compreendido entre o 7 e 11 dia apÃs o procedimento cirÃrgico. A nÃo alteraÃÃo do nÃmero de plaquetas do sangue dos animais submetidos à periodontite, inclusive nos animais que receberam celecoxib ou diclofenaco pode sugerir que as doses utilizadas foram relativamente seguras sob o ponto de vista cardiovascular ou ainda, possivelmente, tais alteraÃÃes nÃo foram vistas por nÃo se tratar de um estudo prolongado. Tanto o celecoxib como o diclofenaco nÃo foram capazes de reverter, de forma significante, a perda de massa corpÃrea. As maiores doses de diclofenaco (10 e 25 mg/kg) causaram reduÃÃo significante da taxa de sobrevida dos animais a partir do primeiro dia pÃs-operatÃrio e atingindo 50% dos animais no terceiro dia. Os resultados mostraram que a induÃÃo da periodontite em ratos no grupo controle e no grupo tratado com celecoxib, nÃo alterou as funÃÃes renais ou hepÃticas avaliadas (urÃia e creatinina ou AST). Contudo, o uso de diclofenaco, tanto na dose de 1 mg/kg como tambÃm na dose de 5 mg/kg determinou alteraÃÃes em ambas as funÃÃes consideradas, induzindo um aumento significativo nos nÃveis sÃricos de creatinina e AST. O diclofenaco e o celecoxib apresentaram efeitos protetores semelhantes na perda Ãssea. O celecoxib, utilizado na periodontite induzida durante 11 dias, foi menos tÃxico que o diclofenaco, uma vez que este causou maior mortalidade de forma dose-dependente, e alteraÃÃes ao nÃvel de leucograma e das funÃÃes renal e hepÃtica
Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the tissue that supports the teeth. It is caused by microorganisms and is characterized by leukocyte infiltration, progressive destruction of the periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone. The clear role of prostaglandins on periodontal bone resorption has contributed to the rational use of the cyclooxygenase inhibitors drugs available. In this sense, it becomes necessary to bare safety and efficacy studies of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, such as celecoxib and potassium diclofenac. For the present study, a foreign object induced periodontitis model in rats was used, such as described on specific literature, to evaluate the activity of celecoxib and potassium and diclofenac. A surgical insertion of a nylon tread induced significant alveolar bone loss after 11 days. Celecoxib, given daily at 3, 9 and 27 mg/kg, significantly reduced this loss in a dose-dependent manner (64%, 53% and 75.4%, respectively). Diclofenac produced a similar effect at 1 and 5 mg/kg, reducing the loss by 41% and 54.5%, respectively. Macroscopic analyses of stomachs indicated that neither celecoxib nor diclofenac promoted gastric lesions when compared with non-treated animals. Celecoxib-treated rats did not show significant hemogram parameters alterations when subjected to periodontitis. For diclofenac-treated animals, it was verified a leukocytosis due to the augmentation of neutrophil count, which peaked between the 7th and the 11th day post-surgery. Platelet number of periodontitis-subjected animals, including those that received celecoxib or diclofenac treatment, was not altered, which may suggest that the doses used are relatively safe from the cardiovascular point of view, or that this alterations was not seen due to the short period of the study. Celecoxib and diclofenac were not able to significantly reverse the loss of body mass. The higher doses of diclofenac (10 and 25 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the survival rate since the first day after surgery, reaching 50% at day 3. The induction of periodontitis in control and celecoxib-treated rats did not alter renal or hepatic function according to the biochemical parameters evaluated (urea and creatinine or AST). However, diclofenac, at 1 and 5 mg/kg/day, determined alterations in both kidney and liver functions, with a significant increase of seric levels of creatinine and AST. Diclofenac and celecoxib presented similar effects on bone loss prevention. Celecoxib, used for 11 days to induce periodontitis, was less toxic than diclofenac, which caused a dose-dependent mortality and leukogram alterations along with disruption of renal and hepatic functions
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Lucena, Camilla Aquino Azevedo de. "Desenvolvimento e caracterização de filmes de xilana e gelatina para obtenção de formulações farmacêuticas transdérmicas." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2245.
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Biodegradable films prepared from biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, lipids or combinations of those components have received great interest in recent years. Xylan is the major hemicellulose in the plant kingdom and it accounts for onethird of renewable biomass available on earth. The aim of this work was to develop and characterize biodegradable films of xylan from corn cobs with potential use as transdermal formulations. Films were produced by casting the film-forming dispersions with different concentrations of xylan and glycerol. In addition, the gelatin was incorporated to xylan films. According to macroscopic characterization, three films were selected to evaluate the thickness, solubility, biodegradability, opacity, water content and microscopic morphology of the films. The best formulation was selected to study the incorporation of the drug (drug content and release profile). The results show that the macroscopic aspect of xylan/gelatin films was better than films containing only xylan, probably due the high solubility of the gelatin in the films. The increase in the polysaccharide concentration affected the films solubility, opacity, water content and thickness of films. The drug content was 87.88% and the drug release occurred mainly in the first 4h, followed by a slow release until the end of the study.
Filmes biodegradáveis desenvolvidos a partir de biopolímeros como polissacarídeos, proteínas, lipídeos ou através da combinação destes polímeros tem recebido grande interesse nos últimos anos. A xilana é a principal hemicelulose presente no reino vegetal e é responsável por um terço da biomassa renovável disponível na terra. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar filmes biodegradáveis à base xilana de sabugo de milho com potencial uso em formulações transdérmicas. Os filmes foram produzidos através da secagem das dispersões filmogênicas com diferentes concentrações de xilana e glicerol. Adicionalmente, a gelatina foi incorporada aos filmes. De acordo com a caracterização macroscópica foram escolhidas três formulações para caracterização de espessura, solubilidade, biodegradabilidade, opacidade, conteúdo de água e análise microscópica. Com base nestes resultados foi escolhido o filme para os estudos de incorporação do fármaco (teor e perfil de liberação). Os resultados mostraram que o aspecto macroscópico dos filmes de xilana/gelatina foi melhor que o dos filmes de xilana, isso ocorreu provavelmente devido à alta solubilidade da gelatina. O aumento da concentração de xilana afetou a solubilidade, conteúdo de água, espessura e opacidade dos filmes. O teor de diclofenaco sódico presente no filme foi de 87,88% e a liberação do fármaco se deu principalmente nas primeiras 4 horas, seguida de uma liberação lenta até o final do estudo.
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Aguiar, Fernando Armani. "Caracterização das propriedades do estado sólido do diclofenaco de sódio e avaliação destas propriedades no perfil in vitro de dissolução e no efeito farmacológico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60137/tde-13052009-133219/.
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Para se garantir a eficácia, a segurança e a qualidade de um produto farmacêutico é necessário o conhecimento das propriedades físicas e físico-químicas do fármaco e dos excipientes empregados nas formulações, bem como dos procedimentos relacionados aos processos de produção. Conhecer as propriedades do estado sólido é de fundamental importância e relevância na área farmacêutica uma vez que estas propriedades têm um impacto profundo sobre a solubilidade, biodisponibilidade e estabilidade química dos fármacos. Os dados de difração de raio-X, ressonância quadrupolar nuclear, espectroscopia de infravermelho, análise térmica e microscopia foram usados para a caracterização e identificação das diferentes amostras de diclofenaco de sódio, duas comercializadas no Brasil (DPB1 e DPB3) e uma na Argentina (DPA2). Foi observada a presença das formas anidro, pentahidrato e desconhecida nas formulações comerciais DPB3, DPA2 e DPB1, respectivamente. A análise quantitativa do diclofenaco de sódio para os estudos in vitro de dissolução foi realizada por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência empregando uma coluna de fase reversa C-18 e acetonitrila:ácido acético 0,7 mol/L (1:1, v/v) como fase móvel. No meio de dissolução composto por tampão fosfato de sódio 0,2 mol/L, pH 6,8 foi observada uma dissolução de 100% para as três formulações de diclofenaco de sódio em 1 hora. Para o meio de dissolução composto por tampão fosfato de sódio 0,2 mol/L, pH 4,5 a porcentagem do fármaco dissolvido foi de apenas 4% nas formulações avaliadas. Entretanto, diferenças na solubilidade entre as formulações avaliadas foram observadas, o que pode ser devido às diferenças na estrutura cristalina do diclofenaco de sódio. Também foram realizados estudos de dissolução apenas nas amostras anidro e hidrato, sem a interferência de revestimentos ou excipientes, nos meios de dissolução descritos acima e em solução de HCl 0,1 mol/L pH 1,2. Foi observado que a amostra anidra apresentou uma diferença estatisticamente significativa no perfil in vitro de dissolução comparada a forma hidratada em solução de pH 6,8. Para os demais valores de pH não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos perfis de dissolução. Também foi desenvolvido e validado um método para análise do diclofenaco de sódio em plasma, empregando a coluna RP-18 (125x4,6 mm, partículas de 5 m) protegida por uma coluna de guarda RP-18 (4,0x4,0 mm) e fase móvel composta por acetonitrila:ácido acético 0,7 mol/L (1:1, v/v). Foi realizada a extração líquido-líquido como procedimento de preparação da amostra usando uma mistura de hexano:éter (1:1, v/v) como solvente extrator. O método foi validado avaliando os parâmetros linearidade, recuperação, precisão e exatidão, limite de quantificação e estabilidade. Todos os parâmetros avaliados apresentaram resultados adequados e aceitos pela literatura. Posteriormente, o método desenvolvido e validado foi aplicado em um estudo piloto para avaliar a concentração plasmática do diclofenaco de sódio em coelhos. Também foi avaliada a influência das diferentes formas cristalinas do diclofenaco de sódio na resposta febril induzida por LPS em coelhos. Neste estudo não foi observada nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa na redução da resposta febril para as diferentes amostras avaliadas.To assure effectiveness, security and quality of pharmaceutical products, the knowledge of the physical and chemical-physical properties of the drugs and the excipients used in formulations are necessary, as well as the proceeding related to the production processes. To know the properties of the solid state is important and relevant in the pharmaceutical area because they have a deep impact on the solubility, bioavailability and chemical stability of the drugs. Data of X-ray diffraction, nuclear quadrupole resonance, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy have been used for the characterization and identification of the different samples of diclofenac sodium. The presence of anhydrous, pentahydrate and unknown forms were observed in commercial formulations DPB3, DPA2 and DPB1, respectively. Quantitative analysis of the diclofenac sodium for studies in vitro of dissolution was carried out by high performance liquid chromatography using the column reverse phase C-18 and acetonitrila:acetic acid 0,7 mol/L (1:1, v/v) as mobile phase. Release profiles in vitro of dissolution of commercial diclofenac sodium formulations were evaluated using different dissolution medium. In the phosphate buffer solution 0.2 mol/L pH 6.8, it was observed dissolution of 100% for the three formulations of diclofenac sodium in 1 hour while in the phosphate buffer solution 0.2 mol/L pH 4.5, the percentage of drug dissolved was only 4%. However, differences in the solubility between the formulations evaluated were observed, which can be due to the differences in the crystalline structure of diclofenac sodium. Dissolution studies in the samples anhydrous and hydrate were carried out, without the interference of coverings or excipients, in the dissolution medium described above and in the solution 0.1 HCl mol/L pH 1.2. It was observed that the anhydrous sample showed a significant statistical difference in the in vitro dissolution profile when compared with hydrate form (pH 6.8). For the others values of pH, significant statistical differences in the dissolution profiles were not observed. It was also developed and validated a method of analysis of diclofenac sodium in plasma using the column RP-18 (125x4.6mm, particle size 5 µm) protected by a column of guard RP-18 (4.0x4.0 mm) and acetonitrila:acetic acid 0,7 mol/L (1:1, v/v) as mobile phase. Sample preparation was performed by liquidliquid extraction using hexano:ether as extracting solvent after acidification with 2.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid. The method was validated by evaluation of parameters such as linearity, recovery, precision and accuracy, limit of quantification and stability. All the evaluated parameters had presented results adequate and accepted in the literature. Subsequently, the developed and validated method was applied in a pilot study to evaluate the plasmatic concentration of the diclofenac sodium in rabbits. It was also evaluated the influence of the different crystalline forms of the diclofenac sodium in the LPS induced fever in rabbits. In this study no significant statistical difference was observed in the reduction of the febrile response within the different samples evaluated.
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Peron, Keila Angélica. "\"Validação da metodologia analítica para a determinação do diclofenaco sódico em amostras de esgoto da estação de tratamento da cidade de Araraquara-SP\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75132/tde-04062007-172635/.
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Os resíduos de fármacos presentes em matrizes ambientais têm sido foco em pesquisas no mundo todo. Este tema tem sido bastante discutido devido ao fato de que fármacos são freqüentemente encontrados em efluentes de estações de tratamento de esgotos (ETE´s), águas de abastecimento público e em outras matrizes ambientais, tais como solos, sedimentos e águas naturais em concentrações na faixa de µg L-1 e ng L-1. A grande preocupação da presença de resíduos de fármacos na água são os potenciais efeitos adversos para a saúde humana, animal e de organismos aquáticos. Neste trabalho estudou-se o diclofenaco sódico, por ser um dos antiinflamatórios mais prescritos pelos médicos. O método utilizado para a extração do diclofenaco sódico de amostras de efluentes domésticos da ETE de Araraquara-SP foi à extração em fase sólida, e subseqüentemente a determinação por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector UV. O método foi validado e a recuperação foi de 94-105%. Constatou-se a presença do diclofenaco sódico nas amostras do efluente doméstico da cidade de Araraquara-SP antes e após o tratamento e as concentrações foram 2,12 e 3,52 µg L-1 na coleta feita em março e 18,0 e 22,0µg L-1 na coleta feita em setembro.The pharmacos residues that are present in the environmental matrices has been a focus of research all over the world. This subject has been discussed because the fact that pharmacos are frequently found in effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs), public water supply and in others environmental matrices, such as the soil, sediments and water springs in concentrations between µg L-1 and ng L-1. The biggest concern of pharmacos residues in the water are the adverse effects for the human health and the other species too. So, in this research the sodium diclofenac was studied for being the most prescribed anti-inflammatory by the doctors. The method used for the extraction of the sodium diclofenac of samples from the domestic effluent at STP-Araraquara (SP) was the extraction in solid phase, and subsequently the determination by liquid chromatography of high efficiency with UV detector. The method was validated and the recovery was of 94 to 105%. The results of the research have shown the presence of sodium diclofenac in the samples of Araraquara\'s domestic effluent before and after the treatment and the concentrations were 2,12 and 3,52 µg L-1 in the collection made in March and 18,0 and 22,0µg L-1 in the collection made in September.
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Burke, John W. "Diclofenac salts : their synthesis, characterization and lyophilization cake characteristic /." Electronic version (PDF), 2007. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2007-3/burkej/johnburke.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "Diclofenac"
1
Pharmakopöekommission, Switzerland. Pharmacopoea Helvetica.: Diclofenac. Bern: Stämpfli & Cie., 2003.
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2
SEAPAL Congress of Rheumatology (5th 1984 Bangkok, Thailand). Further experience with Voltaren: Presented at the 5th SEAPAL Congress of Rheumatology, Bangkok, 1984. Edited by Birdwood G. F. B and Gantmacher J. V. Berne: H. Huber, 1985.
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3
Todd, Peter A. Diclofenac sodium: A reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. Lamghorne, Pa: ADIS, 1988.
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W, Moskowitz Roland, Hirohata Kazushi, and SEAPAL Congress of Rheumatology (6th : 1988 : Tokyo, Japan), eds. Diclofenac (Voltaren) and cartilage in osteoarthritis: An international symposium held during the 6th SEAPAL Congress of Rheumatology, Tokyo, Japan, September 1988. Toronto: Hogrefe & Huber Publishers, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Diclofenac"
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Beyer, Karl-Heinz. "Diclofenac." In Biotransformation der Arzneimittel, 196–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74386-3_104.
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Vidal, C., and W. R. Külpmann. "Diclofenac." In Springer Reference Medizin, 697. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-48986-4_884.
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Vidal, C., and W. R. Külpmann. "Diclofenac." In Lexikon der Medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-49054-9_884-1.
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de Groot, Anton C. "Diclofenac." In Monographs In Contact Allergy, 370–71. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003158004-176.
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Geilen, Christoph C. "Diclofenac/Hyaluronsäure bei aktinischen Keratosen." In Fortschritte der praktischen Dermatologie und Venerologie, 544–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28691-8_83.
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Moorthy, H. K., N. E. Thomas, S. V. Roshni, S. Jayadevan, and Y. M. Fazil Marickar. "Diclofenac Sodium in Acute Ureteric Colic." In Urolithiasis 2, 662. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2556-1_262.
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Lettko, M. "Ergebnisse einer Doppelblindstudie, Diclofenac und B-Vitamine gegen Diclofenac, zur Prüfung der additiven Wirksamkeit der B-Vitamine." In Klinische Bedeutung von Vitamin B1, B6, B12 in der Schmerztherapie, 131–51. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72427-5_14.
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Ku, E. C., H. Kothari, W. Lee, E. F. Kimble, and L. H. Liauw. "Effects of Diclofenac Sodium on Arachidonic Acid Metabolism." In Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Basis for Variability in Response, 189–93. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7720-6_23.
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Rolando, M., S. Barabino, S. Alongi, and G. Calabria. "Topical Non-Preserved Diclofenac Therapy for Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1237–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0717-8_177.
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Degen, P. H. "The Assay of Diclofenac and Metabolites: A Review." In Bioanalysis of Drugs and Metabolites, Especially Anti-Inflammatory and Cardiovascular, 107–14. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9424-3_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Diclofenac"
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Nikkola, Lila, Petrus Viitanen, Nureddin Ashammakhi, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, Robert H. Dodds, Fernando A. Rochinha, Eshan Dave, and Linfeng Chen. "Diclofenac Sodium Loaded Multicomponent Implant." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896878.
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Nikkola, L., K. Vapalahti, A. Harlin, J. Seppälä, N. Ashammakhi, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, et al. "Nanostructured Diclofenac Sodium Releasing Material." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896902.
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Castañeda-Hernandez, G., BE Zazueta-Montiel, V. Granados-Soto, JE Torres-Lopez, JT Perez-Urizar, and R. Rosas-Ramos. "AB0068 Analgesic efficacy and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bases of diclofenac cholestyramine, an improved diclofenac formulation." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, Annals of the rheumatic diseases ARD July 2001. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2001.1129.
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Baylan, Deniz, and Seda Gunesdogdu Sagdinc. "Hirshfeld surface analysis of diclofenac acid." In TURKISH PHYSICAL SOCIETY 35TH INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CONGRESS (TPS35). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5135427.
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kun, Zhang, and Liu Yanjie. "RESEARCH PROGRESS OF SYNTHESIS OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM." In International Conference on New Materials and Intelligent Manufacturing (ICNMIM). Volkson Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icnmim.01.2018.276.279.
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Asare, Eric, Song Gao, Shalom Emmanuel, and Ting Du. "Species and tissue differences in Diclofenac Glucuronidation." In ASPET 2024 Annual Meeting Abstract. American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/jpet.232.957260.
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Kudsi, Sabrina Qader, and Gabriela Trevisan. "Characterisation of nociception and inflammation observed in a traumatic muscle injury model in rats." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.437.
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Introduction: Muscle pain is the most prevalent type of pain in the world, but treatment remains ineffective. Objective: Therefore, this study characterised the nociception and inflammation in a traumatic muscle injury model in rats Methods: A single blunt trauma impact on the right gastrocnemius muscle of male Wistar rats. Procedures were approved by the Institutional Committee for Animal Use of the Federal University of Santa Maria (#6579280218/2018). Animals were divided into four groups (sham/no treatment; sham/diclofenac 1%; injury/no treatment; injury/diclofenac 1%) and the topical treatment with cream of 1% monosodium diclofenac (applied at 2, 6, 12, 24, and 46 h after muscle injury; 200 mg/muscle) was used as an anti-inflammatory control. Nociception (mechanical and cold allodynia, or nociceptive score) and locomotor activity were evaluated at 26 and 48 h after injury. Also, inflammatory and oxidative parameters were evaluated in gastrocnemius muscle and the creatine kinase (CK) activity and lactate levels in plasma and serum, respectively. Results: Muscle injury caused mechanical and cold allodynia, and increased nociceptive scores, without inducing locomotor impairment. This model also increased the inflammatory cells infiltration (seen by myeloperoxidase and Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase activities and histological procedure), nitric oxide, IL- 1β, IL-6, and dichlorofluorescein levels in muscle samples; and CK activity and lactate levels in serum. The treatment with 1% monosodium diclofenac reduced inflammatory cells infiltration, dichlorofluorescein, and lactate levels. Conclusion: In this view, we characterised the traumatic muscle injury as a reproducible model of muscle pain, which make it possible to evaluate promising antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory therapies.
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Piras, M., F. Chiellini, L. Nikkola, N. Ashammakhi, E. Chiellini, Glaucio H. Paulino, Marek-Jerzy Pindera, et al. "Diclofenac sodium (DS) loaded bioerodible polymer based constructs." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896915.
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Ciocanea, Adrian, Eugeniu Vasile, Gabriela Elena Dumitran, Liana Ioana Vuta, Mihaela Amalia Diminescu, and Cornelia Nichita. "Diclofenac Degradation Under High Pressure Hydrodynamic Cavitation Field." In 2021 10th International Conference on ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT (CIEM). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ciem52821.2021.9614723.
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Zhou, Nianqing, Nianqing Zhou, Wen Liang, Wen Liang, Chaomeng Dai, Chaomeng Dai, Yanping Duan, and Yanping Duan. "Application of Zero-Valent Iron Nanoparticles for Diclofenac Removal." In International Workshop on Environment and Geoscience. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007426200870091.
Full textReports on the topic "Diclofenac"
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Du, Fei, Hengxin Shi, Yongxuan Zhang, and Li Ren. Is indomethacin and diclofenac combined with other drugs more effective in preventing pancreatitis after endoscopic cholangiopancreatography? Answers from a Bayesian network meta analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0086.
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Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7592117.bard.
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Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.
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Chefetz, Benny, and Jon Chorover. Sorption and Mobility of Pharmaceutical Compounds in Soils Irrigated with Treated Wastewater. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7709883.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Research into the fate of pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) in the environment has focused on aspects of removal efficiency during sewage treatment, degradation in surface water and accumulation in soils and sediments. However, very little information is available on the binding interactions of pharmaceuticals with dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from wastewater treatment. Such interactions can significantly affect the transport potential of PCs in soils by altering compound affinity for soil particle surfaces. Our primary hypothesis is that the transport potential of PCs in soils is strongly impacted by the type and strength of interaction with DOM and the stability of resulting DOM-PC complexes. The overarching goal of the proposed work is to develop a better understanding of the risk associated with introduction of PCs into the environment with treated wastewater. This goal has been achieved by elucidating the mechanisms of the interaction of selected pharmaceuticals (that have shown to be widespread wastewater contaminants) with DOM constituents; by determining the stability and fate of DOM-PC complexes introduced to soils and soil constituents; and by evaluating the potential uptake of these compounds by plants. Based on the results obtained in this study (column and batch sorption-desorption experiments), we suggest that PCs can be classified as slow-mobile compounds in SOM-rich soil layers. When these compounds pass this layer and/or are introduced into SOM-poor soils, their mobility increases significantly. Our data suggest that in semiarid soils (consisting of low SOM), PCs can potentially be transported to the groundwater in fields irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Moreover, the higher mobility of the acid PCs (i.e., naproxen and diclofenac) in freshwater column systems suggests that their residues in soils irrigated with reclaimed wastewater can leach from the root zone and be transported to the groundwater after rain events. Our data obtained from the binding experiments of PCs with DOM demonstrate that the hydrophobic DOM fractions were more efficient at sorbing PCs than the more polar hydrophilic fractions at a pH near the pKa of the analytes. At the pH of natural semiarid water and soil systems, including that of reclaimed wastewater and biosolids, the role of the hydrophobic fractions as sorption domains is less important than the contribution of the hydrophilic fractions. We also hypothesize that the DOM fractions interact with each other at the molecular level and do not act as independent sorption domains. In summary, our data collected in the BARD project demonstrate that the sorption abilities of the DOM fractions can also significantly affect the mobility of pharmaceutical compounds in soils influenced by intensive irrigation with treated wastewater or amended with biosolids.
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Halker Singh, Rashmi B., Juliana H. VanderPluym, Allison S. Morrow, Meritxell Urtecho, Tarek Nayfeh, Victor D. Torres Roldan, Magdoleen H. Farah, et al. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer239.
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Objectives. To evaluate the effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for the acute treatment of episodic migraine in adults. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PsycINFO®, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to July 24, 2020. Comparative effectiveness evidence about triptans and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was extracted from existing systematic reviews. Review methods. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and comparative observational studies that enrolled adults who received an intervention to acutely treat episodic migraine. Pairs of independent reviewers selected and appraised studies. Results. Data on triptans were derived from 186 RCTs summarized in nine systematic reviews (101,276 patients; most studied was sumatriptan, followed by zolmitriptan, eletriptan, naratriptan, almotriptan, rizatriptan, and frovatriptan). Compared with placebo, triptans resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (high strength of the body of evidence [SOE]). Data on NSAIDs were derived from five systematic reviews (13,214 patients; most studied was ibuprofen, followed by diclofenac and ketorolac). Compared with placebo, NSAIDs probably resolved pain at 2 hours and 1 day, and increased the risk of mild and transient adverse events (moderate SOE). For other interventions, we included 135 RCTs and 6 comparative observational studies (37,653 patients). Compared with placebo, antiemetics (low SOE), dihydroergotamine (moderate to high SOE), ergotamine plus caffeine (moderate SOE), and acetaminophen (moderate SOE) reduced acute pain. Opioids were evaluated in 15 studies (2,208 patients).Butorphanol, meperidine, morphine, hydromorphone, and tramadol in combination with acetaminophen may reduce pain at 2 hours and 1 day, compared with placebo (low SOE). Some opioids may be less effective than some antiemetics or dexamethasone (low SOE). No studies evaluated instruments for predicting risk of opioid misuse, opioid use disorder, or overdose, or evaluated risk mitigation strategies to be used when prescribing opioids for the acute treatment of episodic migraine. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists improved headache relief at 2 hours and increased the likelihood of being headache-free at 2 hours, at 1 day, and at 1 week (low to high SOE). Lasmiditan (the first approved 5-HT1F receptor agonist) restored function at 2 hours and resolved pain at 2 hours, 1 day, and 1 week (moderate to high SOE). Sparse and low SOE suggested possible effectiveness of dexamethasone, dipyrone, magnesium sulfate, and octreotide. Compared with placebo, several nonpharmacologic treatments may improve various measures of pain, including remote electrical neuromodulation (moderate SOE), magnetic stimulation (low SOE), acupuncture (low SOE), chamomile oil (low SOE), external trigeminal nerve stimulation (low SOE), and eye movement desensitization re-processing (low SOE). However, these interventions, including the noninvasive neuromodulation devices, have been evaluated only by single or very few trials. Conclusions. A number of acute treatments for episodic migraine exist with varying degrees of evidence for effectiveness and harms. Use of triptans, NSAIDs, antiemetics, dihydroergotamine, CGRP antagonists, and lasmiditan is associated with improved pain and function. The evidence base for many other interventions for acute treatment, including opioids, remains limited.
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A single dose of diclofenac potassium is more effective for postoperative pain than the more commonly used diclofenac sodium. National Institute for Health Research, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000120.
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Diclofenac or etoricoxib, but not paracetamol, is effective for treating osteoarthritis. National Institute for Health Research, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000245.
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