Academic literature on the topic 'Dictatorship'

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Journal articles on the topic "Dictatorship"

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Janković, Branimir. "Do the Dictatorships Ever End? Historians and Publishers under the Dictatorship in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia." History in flux 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/flux.2022.4.5.

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The theme of the paper are the ways in which the dictatorship of King Alexander influenced the politics of history, the educational system, historians, publishers of historical literature, and publishers in general in the late 1920s and early 1930s in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In order to put this first dictatorship in the Yugoslav area in a diachronic perspective, I will analyze the presence of certain types of continuities and discontinuities. I will also show the trajectories of historians and publishers during King Alexanderʼs dictatorship and other dictatorships which followed in the 20th century’s Age of Extremes. Moreover, all these dictatorships inevitably referred to each other. I will also explore the contemporary attitude toward the first dictatorship in the Yugoslav area, the attitude which was shaped by the stance toward Serbo-Croatian conflicts and Yugoslavism as a whole. All this contributed to the constant presence of this dictatorship in the ongoing symbolic struggles over the interpretation of national history.
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Martins, Celina. "Cortázar et Saramago : la représentation de la dictature et l’affirmation de l’engagement." Interlitteraria 22, no. 1 (September 7, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/il.2017.22.1.2.

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Abstract. Cortázar and Saramago: the Representation of Dictatorship and the Strength of Engagement. Julio Cortázar and José Saramago create the poetics of compromise focused on a critique of the Argentinian and Portuguese dictatorships as paradigms of oppression and censorship. With this study, based on a comparatist analysis approach, we intend to show how the short stories “The Second Time Around” and “The Chair” denounce the evils of dictatorship, shaping fictions that explore the experience of impoverishment of the self. Cortázar’s text explores the practice of disappearance during Videla’s dictatorship from a absurd Kafkaesque perspective whereas Saramago’s writing focuses on the decline of Salazar’s dictatorship as a carnival game. Cortázar and Saramago assume the relevance of compromise, the aim of which is political disalienation in order to shape consciences enabling reassessing the evil effects of disalienating dictatorial regimes.
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Montag, Warren. "Introduction to Louis Althusser, ‘Some Questions Concerning the Crisis of Marxist Theory and of the International Communist Movement’." Historical Materialism 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341387.

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In July 1976, Althusser delivered a lecture in Spain on the topic of the dictatorship of the proletariat. At the moment that many Western European Communist parties sought formally or informally to distance themselves from the dictatorships of both West and East, Althusser proposed to examine the emergence of the concept of the proletarian dictatorship in a specificity. The debates of the mid-seventies, he argued, obscured or repressed the concept’s corollary: the dictatorship of the bourgeoisie, a notion that made visible the forms of coercion and control characteristic of ‘bourgeois democracy’. To ignore the latter was to risk squandering the opportunities the conjuncture offered and suffer both political and theoretical regression.
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Ferguson, James. "Haiti: from dictatorship to dictatorship." Race & Class 30, no. 2 (October 1988): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030639688803000202.

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Wintrobe, Ronald. "The Tinpot and the Totalitarian: An Economic Theory of Dictatorship." American Political Science Review 84, no. 3 (September 1990): 849–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1962769.

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I use basic tools of economic theory to construct a simple model of the behavior of dictatorships. Two extreme cases are considered: a “tin-pot” dictatorship, in which the dictator wishes only to minimize the costs of remaining in power in order to collect the fruits of office (palaces, Mercedes-Benzes, Swiss bank accounts), and a “totalitarian” dictatorship, whose leader maximizes power over the population. I show that the two differ in their responses to economic change. For example, a decline in economic performance will lead a tin-pot regime to increase its repression of the population, whereas it will lead a totalitarian government to reduce repression. The model also shows why military dictatorships (a subspecies of tin-pots) tend to be short-lived and often voluntarily hand power over to a civilian regime; explains numerous features of totalitarian regimes; and suggests what policies will enable democratic regimes to deal with dictatorships effectively.
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Baturo, Alexander. "Cursus Honorum: Personal Background, Careers and Experience of Political Leaders in Democracy and Dictatorship—New Data and Analyses." Politics and Governance 4, no. 2 (June 23, 2016): 138–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v4i2.602.

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Politics in democracy and dictatorship is markedly different; democracy and dictatorship are also associated with distinct policy outcomes. Do political regimes also select different leaders, i.e., do democratic leaders have distinct personal backgrounds to those of their peers in dictatorships, do they tend to hold different prior careers and posts while climbing the “greasy pole” of politics? The aim of this paper is to introduce the new data on leaders’ careers in democracy and dictatorship and compare their personal background, experience in politics, careers and significant posts prior to their tenure, and details about their time in office, <em>inter alia</em>. In general, democratic leaders differ from nondemocratic ones in terms of their educational, social and career background. The paper also finds significant differences among leaders in different nondemocratic regimes, and suggests possible venues for further research.
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Knutsen, Carl Henrik. "Investigating the Lee thesis: how bad is democracy for Asian economies?" European Political Science Review 2, no. 3 (November 2010): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773910000214.

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This paper discusses the hypothesis that democracy hurts economic growth and development, also known as the Lee thesis, and discusses why one could expect dictatorship to be particularly beneficial for growth in the Asian context. Three general theoretical arguments in support of the Lee thesis are then presented. However, the empirical results, based on panel data analysis on more than 20 Asian countries, do not support the hypothesis that dictatorship increases economic growth in Asia. There is no significant, average effect of democracy on growth. Asian dictatorships do invest a larger fraction of their GDP than democracies, but they are worse at generating high enrollment ratios in education after primary school.
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Anderson, Jr., Richard D. "The Colonialist Roots of Democratic Decay: Collective Action, Experimental Psychology, and Spatial Discourse." PCS – Politics, Culture and Socialization 9, no. 1 and 2-2018 (July 19, 2021): 35–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/pcs.v9i1-2.03.

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Democracy and dictatorship both depend on collective action, which humans avoid because it takes more effort than it is worth. Experimental psychology reveals that positive spatial discourse, explicit or implicit, reduces the effort that humans project a task to require. If so, dictatorships arise because explicit positive spatial cues, capable of retaining coherence only if assigning only to relatively few members of any population, generate the collective repression by a minority that establishes any dictatorship. Conversely the implicit cue to group size in a color metaphor, capable of assigning throughout a population, generates the universal franchise establishing a democracy. By supplementing spatial cues dividing Europeans with a metaphor of whiteness unifying Europeans and their settlers, colonialism made democracy possible once European withdrawal ended white dictatorship over colonial territories. But by erasing the condition that once secured the universal franchise among Europeans and their settlers, loss of colonies invigorates whites’ fears that hard won political rights have reverted to insecurity. That insecurity is responsible for the democratic decay now evident across Europe and its settler territories.
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Veronica, Valdivia. "Chile and Pinochetism, a popular dictatorship?" Latin-american Historical Almanac 28, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 186–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32608/2305-8773-2020-28-1-186-206.

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This article probes into the “popular” dimension of the Chilean dictatorship headed by General Augusto Pinochet, also branded “pino-chetista”, in its efforts to seek legitimacy among elite and middle-class groups, but especially among shantytown dwellers. In this it exhibited some peculiar traits, which set it apart from other dictatorships in Latin America’s Southern Cone. Its hypothesis suggests that the social support received by Chile’s dictatorship and “pinochetismo” was actively sought by its ruling circles, mainly on account of two factors: the urge of military officers and civilian backers to legitimize the coup d’état and the regime it set up, and the process of personalization that overtook it and eventually led to “pinochetismo”. Its aim was a re-socialization of the popular classes, turning them into adherents of its neoliberal authoritarian project. This venture implied the formation of state apparatuses capable of penetrating the popular world.
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Kamal, Assist Prof Hadel Adil. "Analisis personal del dictador en la novela la fiesta del Chivo." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 218, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 72–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v218i1.527.

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La Fiesta del Chivo is a story novel that portrays the Trujillo dictatorship in the Dominican Republic . Dictatorships have unfortunately been a constant feature in our continent This phenomenon also called Latin American caudillo has permeated the history of blood and violation of human rights . Usually of a dictatorship it is usually the result of a process of profound social upheaval and typically occurs through a military move against the power structures previously established movement that takes the form of coup. Terror and fascination of all Dominicans Trujillo and the facade of legality which is constructed to maintain an image of "democracy" against other states are observed in the novel , which is closely related to the question of the " crisis of sovereignty."
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dictatorship"

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Yawnghwe, Chao-Tzang. "Ne Win's Tatmadaw dictatorship." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29886.

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This thesis examines the nature of Burma's military regime which came to power in March 1962, and which has portrayed itself, somewhat successfully until 1988, as a regime which has constructed a "Burmese" socialist political order in Burma. Though this self-image was more or less accepted by many observers, there nonetheless could be detected in writings on the regime some degree of scholarly unease regarding the nature of the regime stemming from its many glaring failures not only in economic management, but also in arresting political decay which has transformed Burma into a poverty-stricken, debt-ridden, and almost pre-modern authoritarian polity. This thesis is an attempt to provide a less particularistic explanation of the regime, to show that such a regime is not unique, and that the downward slide of Burma can be understood with reference to existing theories and concepts derived from the study of Third World politics and conditions. Accordingly, the anti-colonial "nationalist" movement in Burma, the Dobama Asiayone of the Thakins, and the various Dobama "armies" which became the national armed forces, the Tatmadaw, and the underlying historical and socio-economic and political conditions are re-examined and analysed within the theoretical framework of comparative Third World politics. The thesis argues that the leaders who led the Tatmadaw to the summit of power in 1962 were not modernizing military leaders, but were foremostly politicians in military garb whose agenda was shaped by parochial Burman ethnonationalism, a peculiar kind of anti-foreign "Burmese" socialism, and the myth of their triumph over powerful foreign opponents — the British and the Japanese. The thesis examines the military regime -- Ne Win's Tatmadaw dictatorship -- and endeavors to explain the paradoxical configuration, subsequent to the military seizure of power, of a strongly autonomous and highly coercive state in Burma, on the one hand, and the clear evidence of political and economic decay (stemming from the regime's poor performance and/or capacity), on the other hand, from the perspective of Third World politics. The explanation is framed in terms of Ne Win's personal rulership; the transformation of the Tatmadaw, on which the state and the regime is based, into a patrimonialized personal instrument of the patrimonial ruler, Ne Win; the subsequent general and widespread erosion of the integrity of various institutions; the undermining of legal-rational norms; and the increasing reliance of Ne Win and the regime on the use of terror to maintain power as its legitimacy waned over time, and the corresponding greater degree of disengagement of society from the control and perview of the state.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Medina, Bustos Ayeray Mirta. "Seeking Justice after a Dictatorship: Ethical Dilemmas." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6823.

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The meaning that Justice has after a conflict in a society might vary regarding the political development and cultural and shared values of a certain society.

Rawls, in his Theory of Justice gives his idea of what justice is and presents two principles of justice that he argues are required to live in a good society: a first principle that secures equal rights and liberties for all individuals and a second egalitarian principle that restrains the consequences of economic inequalities within societies. He also introduces the concept of “overlapping consensus” which I will use regarding the idea of Reconciliation, at the end of this paper.

In the cases presented in this paper (i.e. Argentina and South Africa), essential human rights were violated, therefore wrongdoers made the society unjust.

The aim of this thesis is to elucidate the conditions that are necessary to re-establish justice when a society goes through a conflict. I will introduce some ideas concerning that issue: ideas of retribution, reparation and reconciliation. These are seen as different paths for several countries when trying to tackle to the matter of achieving justice.

In my view, this question can be answered appealing first to an intuitive conception of moral justice that may exist at an individual and collective level, as well.

The ethical dilemmas both levels have are in relation to the harm done, punishments and how to balance them, limiting, for instance, the punishment in order to accomplish a just and a better society. I will also present how shared values can result from a process of reconciliation, which is considered as the ideal alternative to achieve justice.

However, when the equilibrium between members of a community is broken, some people claim that punishment can restore that lost equilibrium that existed before in the community.

Nevertheless, peace, reconciliation and justice cannot be constructed under the basis of silence. One way to keep memory alive is to let survivors, for instance, narrate what they have lived through; telling stories also creates a new space to share with others their experiences, revealing their fears and emotions. Regarding this theme, I will present the NUNCA MAS (Never Again) report, which is fundamental as it gives some testimonies, facts and proposals that will help to reach a consensus and therefore, future reconciliations.

Why is important to achieve justice? Because then members of a certain community will be able to interact in the present with common shared values and thus, deal with the past.

Not to consider reconciliation as one important step to achieve justice, and only think in terms of punishment, instead of giving way to peace and justice, could perhaps promote the possibility of further conflicts. To consider both punishment and reconciliation might just be one possible blueprint in the long and difficult way of searching for a just society.

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Walker, Ben. "Demanding dictatorship? : US-Philippine relations, 1946-1972." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/demanding-dictatorship-usphilippine-relations-19461972(d5aa59b7-a3b7-4472-8bf4-78805c40bb52).html.

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In 1898 the Philippines became a colony of the United States, the result of American economic expansion throughout the nineteenth century. Having been granted independence in 1946, the nominally sovereign Republic of the Philippines remained inextricably linked to the US through restrictive legislation, military bases, and decades of political and socio-economic patronage. In America’s closest developing world ally, and showcase of democratic values, Filipino President Ferdinand Marcos installed a brutal dictatorship in 1972, dramatically marking the end of democracy there. US foreign policy, from the inception of the US-Philippine partnership, failed to substantially resolve endemic poverty and elite political domination. During the Cold War, the discourse through which State Department policy was conceived helped perpetuate these unequal conditions, whilst also at times explicitly encouraging authoritarian solutions to domestic problems. As the Cold War escalated through the 1960s, especially in Vietnam, US officials insisted the Philippines provide military and ideological solidarity with US Cold War objectives at the expense of effectively addressing the roots of domestic instability. The Philippine example serves as the clearest case of the outcomes and impact of US foreign policy across the developing world, and thus must be considered an essential starting point when considering the United States’ Cold War experience. Based on extensive primary research from across the United Kingdom and the United States, this thesis re-examines and re-connects the historiography of colonialism, neo-colonialism, Southeast Asia, and Cold War studies. Nowhere did the US have such a long and intimate history of influence and partnerships than in the Philippines, and yet Marcos’s regime emerged there; this dissertation presents an analytical lens through which to measure the role of US foreign policy in creating a dictatorship.
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Lagos, Katerina. "The Metaxas dictatorship and Greek Jewry, 1936-1941'." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419039.

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Yocelevzky, R. "Chile : political parties, democracy and dictatorship, 1970-1990." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2321/.

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Kellner, Roger Yvon. "The Mapuche during the Pinochet dictatorship (1973-1990)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272662.

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Doerre, Jason J. "The Post-Reunification Aufarbeitung of the SED-Dictatorship." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1210612137.

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Petrakis, Marina. "The Metaxas myth : dictatorship and propaganda in Greece /." London : Tauris academic studies, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40159340x.

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Stillman, Lauren A. "Cold war dictatorship : racism in the German Democratic Republic /." Connect to online version, 2006. http://ada.mtholyoke.edu/setr/websrc/pdfs/www/2006/171.pdf.

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Moreno, Peracaula Xavier. "Nuevo flamenco : re-imaging flamenco in post-dictatorship Spain." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3231.

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This thesis is concerned with the study of nuevo flamenco (new flamenco) as a genre characterised by the incorporation within flamenco of elements from music genres of the African-American musical traditions. A great deal of emphasis is placed on purity and its loss, relating nuevo flamenco with the whole history of flamenco and its discourses, as well as tracing its relationship to other musical genres, mainly jazz. While centred on the process of fusion and crossover it also explores through music the characteristics and implications that nuevo flamenco and its discourses have impinged on related issues as Gypsy identity and cultural authenticity. Even though this project is rooted in popular music studies it also attempts to think through the issues covered in relation to concepts and methodologies of other disciplines such as postcolonial studies, anthropology, and cultural theory. The aim is to create a dialogue between these disciplines and explore the ways they can bring a new focus and a set of analytical tools to bear on the material of study.
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Books on the topic "Dictatorship"

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Sean, Connolly. Dictatorship. Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2013.

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Tames, Richard. Dictatorship. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2008.

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Kivotidis, Dimitrios. Dictatorship. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: New: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145974.

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Fridell, Ron. Dictatorship. New York: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark, 2008.

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Michael, Rawcliffe John, ed. Dictatorship. London: Evans, 2009.

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Quirk, William J. Judicial dictatorship. New Brunswick, U.S.A: Transaction Publishers, 1995.

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Liedtke, Boris N. Embracing a Dictatorship. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26112-3.

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Pack, Sasha D. Tourism and Dictatorship. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230601161.

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Galaty, Michael L., and Charles Watkinson, eds. Archaeology Under Dictatorship. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-36214-2.

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Richard, Bjornson, ed. Dictatorship and oppression. Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dictatorship"

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Wintrobe, Ronald. "Dictatorship." In Readings in Public Choice and Constitutional Political Economy, 345–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-75870-1_21.

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Kronenberg, Volker. "Dictatorship." In The Bonn Handbook of Globality, 1017–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90382-8_24.

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Kivotidis, Dimitrios. "Introduction." In Dictatorship, 1–7. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: New: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145974-1.

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Kivotidis, Dimitrios. "Historical and theoretical foundations." In Dictatorship, 8–28. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: New: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145974-2.

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Kivotidis, Dimitrios. "Dictatorship and consolidation of bourgeois power." In Dictatorship, 29–46. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: New: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145974-3.

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Kivotidis, Dimitrios. "Dictatorship and reproduction of bourgeois power." In Dictatorship, 47–72. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: New: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145974-4.

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Kivotidis, Dimitrios. "Dictatorship and the supersession of the bourgeois state." In Dictatorship, 73–100. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: New: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145974-5.

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Kivotidis, Dimitrios. "Contribution to the theory of dictatorship." In Dictatorship, 101–19. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: New: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145974-6.

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Kivotidis, Dimitrios. "Theses on the concept of dictatorship." In Dictatorship, 120–23. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: New: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145974-7.

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Tzortzis, Ioannis. "From Dictatorship to Dictatorship: Greece 1973." In Global Political Transitions, 73–127. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04620-9_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dictatorship"

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"Free Composition Instead of Language Dictatorship." In 7th International Conference on Software Paradigm Trends. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004082603880393.

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Navarro, Daniel de Moraes, and Ronaldo Cristiano Prati. "Mining DEOPS Records: Big Data's Insights into Dictatorship." In 2014 IEEE 10th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escience.2014.34.

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Dieb, Eduardo A. "ALBUM COVERS: DISCOVERING BRAZILIAN LIFE UNDER MILITARY DICTATORSHIP." In New Semiotics. Between Tradition and Innovation. IASS Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.24308/iass-2014-029.

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Chetry, Moon K., and Dipti Deodhare. "Multi Agent Resource Allocation — Serial dictatorship with ties." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Computing Research (ICCIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccic.2012.6510221.

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Wang, Xianyang. "Dictatorship in the Paris Commune and the Russian Revolution." In 2021 International Conference on Public Relations and Social Sciences (ICPRSS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211020.284.

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Shilovskiy, Mikhail V. "Political positions of Siberian entrepreneurs in the late 1917 – December, 1919." In Торговля, купечество и таможенное дело в России в XVI–XX веках. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/tktdr-35-2023-31.

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The paper analyzes the attitudes demonstrated by the Siberian entrepreneurs and their groups to the significant political phenomena in the social and political life of the region during the period of the 1917 social cataclysm and the Civil War of 1918–1922. The idea of regional autonomy was supported by the bourgeois and Kadets circles in 1917 – the first half of 1918. The position of “tsenzoviki” radically changed after the overthrow of Soviet power and manifested itself in the demand for the establishment of non-partisan dictatorship. The commercial and entrepreneurial circles supported the dictatorship of A. V. Kolchak.
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Obukhov, L. A. "Perm University under the military dictatorship of Admiral A.V. Kolchak." In Civil War in the East of Russia (November 1917 – December 1922). FUE «Publishing House SB RAS», 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31518/978-5-7692-1664-0-290-298.

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Papaioannou, Katerina. "The Cultural Policy of Spain After the End of The Dictatorship." In 4th International Conference on Future of Social Sciences and Humanities. GLOBALKS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/4th.fshconf.2022.05.020.

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"The African Writer as a Counter-Force to Dictatorship: An Overview." In International Conference on Humanities, Literature and Economics. International Centre of Economics, Humanities and Management, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/icehm.ed0114007.

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Doyle, Michael W. "Ideologies and Polities: Liberal Democracy and National Dictatorship in Peace and War." In The Conflicts of the 20th Century and the Solutions for the 21st Century. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812795496_0004.

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Reports on the topic "Dictatorship"

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Watmough, Simon P. Jair Bolsonaro: Far-Right Firebrand and Cheerleader for Dictatorship. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/lp0008.

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Jair Bolsonaro has become notorious for his incendiary comments on women and minority rights, and his misogynistic and homophobic views are well-known. His caustic views and “macho swagger” have been amplified by his social media presence and distinctive approach to self-representation. He is without a doubt Brazil’s first “social media president,” echoing in many ways Trump in his use of such platforms. He is often compared to other strongmen — most famously as the “Tropical Trump” — however, his most obvious likeness is President Rodrigo Duterte of the Philippines.
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Prudnikov, Andrei. Democracy and dictatorship in 'Neo-Eurasianism': synthesis or homonymy? DOI CODE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2023.244.

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Terzyan, Aram. Europe’s Last Dictatorship: The State of Civil Liberties in Belarus. Eurasia Institutes, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/ceers-2-2019.

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Hardi, Choman. The Kurdish referendum: Dream of independence and fear of dictatorship. The middle East Eye, September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26598/auis_ug_eng_2017_09_25.

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Lylo, Taras. THE IDEOLOGEME «DICTATORSHIP OF RELATIVISM» IN THE ROBERTO DE MATTEI’S ESSAYS: POSTMODERN AND POST-COMMUNIST CONTEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11100.

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The article considers relativism as a philosophical principle and the moral standpoint of a journalist. In particular, the main argumentation of Roberto de Mattei’s work «Dictatorship of Relativism» is analyzed. Like Ratzinger, the Italian publicist describes modern life as ruled by a dictatorship of relativism which does not recognize anything as definitive and whose ultimate goal consists solely of satisfying «the desires of one’s own ego». In his view, the boundaries of the main conflict of modernity lie between two visions of the world: one that believes in the existence of immutable, absolute values, and one that argues that there is nothing stable, that everything is conditional, time-dependent and can be discussed in the media. The markers of this conflict are our attitude to the famous statement of Protagoras about «man as a measure of all things: of the things that are, that they are, of the things that are not, that they are not», as well as to the non-debatable values, the status of natural and positive law, the worldview neutrality, the dehierarchization and multiplicity of truths, the equalization of all worldviews and axiological standpoint in foreign and Ukrainian media. A special attention in the article is paid to the ideological program of media-relativism, as well as to the postmodern and post-communist contexts of the issue of the penetration of relativism into the journalistic values.
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Terzyan, Aram. State-Building in Belarus: The Politics of Repression Under Lukashenko’s Rule. Eurasia Institutes, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/psprp-2-2019.

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This paper explores the politics of repression and coercion in Belarus, with a focus on the Belarusian authorities’ brutal responses to dissident activities. While repressions are seen to be a backbone of authoritarian rule, there is a lack of case studies of repressions and repressive policies in different kinds of authoritarian regimes and their interaction with other mechanisms of authoritarian sustainability. As Belarus has demonstrated, Lukashenko’s effort’s at perpetuating his power have prompted his regime into increasing the role of repressions. Coercion and repression have been critical to suppressing dissent and pluralism across the country. Essentially, successful, mass-based opposition to the ruling elites, that led to 2014 Maidan Revolution in Ukraine and the 2018 “Velvet Revolution” in Armenia served as examples to discontented elements in Belarus. Meanwhile, to shield itself from the diffusion effects of ‘color revolutions’, the Belarusian regime has tended to reinforce its repressive toolkit through suppressing the civil society, coercing the opposition, and preventing the latter from challenging Lukashenko’s rule. This study enquires into the anatomy of repressive governance in Europe’s “last dictatorship.”
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Acemoglu, Daron, Davide Ticchi, and Andrea Vindigni. A Theory of Military Dictatorships. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w13915.

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Terzyan, Aram. Belarus in the Wake of a Revolution: Domestic and International Factors. Eurasia Institutes, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/eea-3-2020.

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This paper explores the political landscape of Belarus in the aftermath of the 2020 presidential elections, with a focus on both domestic and international factors behind the ongoing crisis. Lukashenko’s regime has a long record of sustaining its power by preserving elite unity, controlling elections, and/or using force against opponents. Therefore, massive fraud characterizing the 2020 presidential elections and brutal suppression of peaceful protests in its aftermath came as no surprise. Against this backdrop, the anti-government protests following the presidential elections raised a series of unanswered questions regarding both their domestic and foreign policy implications. The biggest question is whether the Belarusian civil society and opposition will prove powerful enough to overcome state repression and change the status quo in Europe’s “last dictatorship”. Worries remain about the Belarusian opposition’s emphasis on foreign policy continuity, meaning that Belarus is bound to remain in the orbit of the Russian authoritarian influence. The total fiasco of post-Velvet Revolution Armenian government both in terms of domestic and foreign policies, among others, further reveals the excruciating difficulties of a democratic state-building within the Russia-led socio-political order.
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Tcha, MoonJoong. From Potato Chips to Computer Chips: Features of Korea's Economic Development: Knowledge Sharing Forum on Development Experiences: Comparative Experiences of Korea and Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007002.

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When considering countries of phenomenal economic development and growth, Korea is among the top tiers. While there are other economies with similar economic growth, including those of Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, the economic growth of Korea is exceptional considering that the country lacked basic economic foundation in the past. R. Lucas Jr. (1993), a Nobel Laureate in economics and also a renowned scholar of the respective field, praised the country's economic success, by stating that "I do not think it is in any way an exaggeration to refer to this continuing transformation of Korean society as a miracle". As an evidence for his argument, he asserted "Never before have the lives of so many people undergone so rapid an improvement over so long a period, nor is there any sign that this progress is near its end". Yet, the history of Korea is more than just its outcome; it is the history of continuous national ordeal, a series of challenges and crisis that required people to toil night and day to overcome the situation. If it were not for today's splendid economic success, it would have been more appropriate to describe the history of Korea as that of wretchedness and misery. The fact that South Korea became one of the leading nations in the world is nothing less than a miracle, considering that it underwent many hardships after its independence such as fratricidal Korean War, a long period of dictatorship, 4.19 revolution as a reactionary to the dictatorship, 5.16 military coup, the engagement in the Vietnam War, two oil crises, another military coup afterwards, civil revolutions, a foreign exchange crisis, and the global economic crisis. Economic growth means value-added increase in a certain period of time. To boost this value-added increase, the elements of production such as labor, capital, and land must be both accumulated and invested. Furthermore, it requires the effective use of these elements by combining them when necessary, so that the best value can be drawn out. In other words, the vital factor in economic growth is raising productivity. Then, given similar situations, how come some countries show different performance in factor accumulation or productivity improvement? The accumulation of resources and increase of productivity depend on economic incentive. Proper institution in an economy that provides incentives for economic agents enables factors to flow and to be accumulated where productivity is high. It also gives motivation for innovation and improvement of productivity. Competition in product markets and acquisition of resources and raw materials with low cost through an open-door policy can induce the accumulation of elements and improvement of technology, where in a broader perspective, open-door policy can also be considered as a part of institution.The growth of the Korean economy is unique since only a few economies could demonstrate compatibly high growth rates for a long period. However, at the same time, Korea's case is never unique as its success story is based on factor accumulation, productivity enhancement and, most of all, a fundamental called institution. Its growth was possible due to the fact that there was a proper functioning of market backed by the establishment of proper institutions. The Korean government indeed worked favorably towards the establishment of institution and running of economy in a market-friendly manner. Some features of its growth pattern are worthwhile to be illustrated as there are still a large number of developing countries and high income countries with unstable institutions worldwide, which could gain from a part of Korea's story, at least, and collect substantial knowledge for their future growth.
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Andersen, Martin Edwin. Keeping It Covered. Inter-American Development Bank, June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006874.

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This conference discusses the responsibility of media when reporting on crime and the hidden purposes coverage may pursue. The interpretation of crime phenomenon by the press has become a two-edged sword for policymakers and the public. The return to democratic rule throughout the region has meant journalists can report on an endless number of topics extensively; dictatorships frequently were able to suppress the unwelcome news of social turmoil, such as crime, through censorship. However, the "cronica roja"--gripping bloodsoaked true crime tales--carried by many newspapers and magazines can and sometimes do transform individual crimes into misleading characterizations about the threats faced, and about the efficacy of the forces of order in meeting those threats. Crime news is a curious mirror of public mood, which it also helps to generate. Perceptions of threat to personal safety can influence our outlook on the rest of the world, our willingness to be open to others, and our ability to interact in ways that strengthen neighborhoods and communities. This lecture was read in the Conference: Convivencia y Seguridad Cuidadana en el Istmo Centroamericano y la Isla Española, San Salvador, El Salvador, in June of 1998.
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