Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dictature et transition démocratique'
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Campuzano, Carvajal Francisco. "L'élite franquiste et la sortie de la dictature." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995IEPP0023.
Full textThe limited pluralism of the francois regime is the basic fact to understand the interaction that occurs in the early seventies between the changing structure of the elite and the dynamics of the political change. Because of the relative capacity of the elite to integrate new members what could be observed in the last years of francoism was the appearance of new actors who, in spite of the hostility of the supporters of political status quo, tried to conduct à limited opening of the regime. Then, when the balance of power within the authoritarian camp clearly became favourable to them, they could finally come to impose an openly democratic solution. The opposition was obviously not absent from the process, but the passage from dictatorship to democracy is largely to be explained by the dynamics generated by the changes in the structure of the francoist power, as well as by the conflicts between the various sectors of the elite
Renaudet, Isabelle. "La presse d'opposition au franquisme durant la dernière decennie de la dictature et la transition démocratique." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX1A001.
Full textFrom 1966 (date when a new law on the press was adopted) to 1975, the press (legally recognized) was an instrument of fight in the hands of a left wing opposition, which strove in favour of the institution of a democratic regime in spain. Because the daily press was closely supervised by censorship, it was particularly, the periodical press which was the centre of this prostest against the establishment. The roots of democracy are, therefore, to be found in the pages of those magazines which favoured cultural forms of expression. Their fate was, nevertheless, paradoxical, although history has confirmed their fight was right, they have, in fact, nearly all disappeared, victims of the democratic transition. This story, therefore, is not a bvanal press story; it is on the one hand, the story of a political fight which was conveyed through the press, instead of through the polls; on the other hand, it is the story of a missed reconversion, soone after the death of franco
Diaz, Aravena Paola. "L'expérience publique des crimes politiques du passé : le cas du Chili post-dictature (1990-2004)." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0011.
Full textThis thesis is an empirical study about public experience of political crimes of the Chilean dictatorship (1973-1990) as a public problem for post-authoritarian Chile. We propose a restitution of public conflicts related to these crimes through interviews, analysis of presidential speeches, written press and associative and official documents. The first part of our study examines the constitution of the cause of the detained and disappeared by the relatives of the detained and disappeared at the heart of the Agrupación de familiares de detenidos desaparecidos de Chile (AFDD, Association of Relatives the Detained and Disappeared in Chile). This study shows the pre-figuration of the ethical-political problem at the heart of the democratic transition. The second part of the study analyzes a re-configuration of the issue and a new type of publicization which goes from truth for justice, denounced by the associations, to truth for reconciliation, maintained by the elected government. The third part of our study highlights the type of conflicts related to the growing judicialization of the crime issue, which competes with negotiation of a political solution to the problem. The fourth part of the study examines a new configuration of the crime problem focused on the issue of the memory and formalisation of traumatic events. The fifth and final part of the study analyzes the official acknowledgement of political prison and torture, through an extensive factualization of these repressive practices, as well as the possibilities and limits that this new publicization of the issue implies for the transmission of the memory of the events. This study constitutes a pragmatic of public experience of the crimes, which tries to show the relationships of translations between the ethical and political dimensions of these problems both for people directly involved as well as for the political community concerned. Through an account and detailed analysis of different situations of public conflict related to these crimes, this study reflects the progressive and situational determination of what has been referred to as “political transition” and “justice transition” by specialized literature
Gillier, Baptiste. "Punto de Vista (1978-2008) : politique d'une critique." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH092.
Full textIn March, 2008, the Argentine cultural journal Punto de Vista publishes its ninetieth and final issue. Beatriz Sarlo –the journal’s editor since 1981– personally signs the last editorial, in which she points out that the journal was a « way of writing about literature and politics ». Underscoring the materiality and uniqueness of the journal object, this study aims to account for this « way of writing », that is, of Punto de Vista’s critique. From a socio-historical perspective, this research reconstructs, in the first place, the trajectory of the editorial collective through its interventions in the Argentine political and intellectual field. Born in the midst of the military dictatorship, the journal becomes an important model in the Argentine cultural field and registers itself, peripherally, at the end of the century marked by the social crisis and the exhaustion of modernism. Second, this research examines the journal’s critical project, which is based on a reconfiguration of the relations between culture and politics in the light of the new democratic paradigm. Through a reinvention of the tradition, as well as an update of the critique, the journal builds a singular perspective on the present and the past, marked by the modern paradigm. Finally, by means of a « critical return », this study proposes to invert its own perspective and to account, through the politics of literature, for the contributions of the critique
En marzo de 2008 aparece el nonagésimo y último número de la revista cultural argentina Punto de Vista. Beatriz Sarlo –directora oficial de la revista desde 1981– firma el último editorial, en el cual señala que la revista fue una « manera de escribir sobre literatura y política ». Subrayando la materialidad y la singularidad del objeto revista, este estudio se propone dar cuenta de esta « manera de escribir », esto es, de la crítica de Punto de Vista. A partir de una perspectiva socio-histórica, esta investigación reconstruye, en primer lugar, la trayectoria del colectivo editorial a través de sus intervenciones en el campo político e intelectual argentino. Nacida en plena dictadura militar, la revista se vuelve un referente importante del campo cultural argentino y se inscribe, de manera periférica, en un fin de siglo marcado por la crisis social y el agotamiento del modernismo. Por otra parte, este trabajo de investigación interroga el proyecto crítico de la revista, que se fundamenta en una reconfiguración de las relaciones entre cultura y política a la luz del nuevo paradigma democrático. A través de una reinvención de la tradición, así como de una puesta al día de la crítica, la revista va construyendo una perspectiva singular sobre el presente y el pasado, marcada por el paradigma moderno. Finalmente, mediante un « retorno crítico », este estudio se propone invertir su propia perspectiva y dar cuenta, a través de la política de la literatura, de los préstamos de la crítica
Couvert, Caroline. ""Hermano Lobo" : une revue satirique à la fin de la dictature franquiste (1972-1976)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3070.
Full textWhen the satirical magazine Hermano Lobo was released in 1972, Spain had been ruled by a dictatorship for almost forty years. At the time the press was under close surveillance and although the censorship had been relaxed since the establishment of the Fraga law in 1966, journalists had no freedom of speech. The satirical press had always had strong links with the governments and the policies of the countries where it was published. Its will and its purpose to denounce the political and social failings depended upon the current laws at the time. From the most liberal to the most restrictive, these laws have led the reporters to adopt a roundabout language in order to communicate with their readers. Hermano Lobo represented this tradition of the unsaid and of the metaphorical evocation. Thus, as a satirical magazine published under a totalitarian government. Hermano Lobo resorted to every kind of stylistic, rhetorical or thematic methods to denounce the policy of late Francoism and its anachronism within a European community that excluded it. Thanks to the linguistic codes they set up, the journalists could show then that the immobilism of the dictatorship could not match with a society undergoing massive changes any more. But, beyond political accusation and questioning inspired by the philosophy on Enlightenment, Hermano Lobo also aimed at intent to restoring the humorous Spanish press. Torn between tradition and modernity, the founders of the magazine wanted to make a newspaper in which illustrations would play a prominent part, where simplicity and attractiveness would echoe a sluggish environment that was hoping for a political change
Haddad, Kamel. "La transition constitutionnelle et démocratique en Tunisie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0590.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to analyze the right of transition in the case of Tunisia by mentioning the legitimacy of the revolution and the legality of the transition in Tunisia. The context of the transition was explained to better understand the circumstances in which it occurred and how that context will affect the entire transition process. It will be a question of putting forward, first, the originality of the process of the constitutional transition in Tunisia then a study of the new Constitution. In the same way the research explains how the progressive wishes and the respect of the Tunisian identity were reconciled through the preservation of a certain number of values and principles of conservative tendency. Finally, the object of the thesis is prolonged to analyze of concretely, the transition from the constitutional transition to the democratic transition, through the more or less effective implementation of new institutions. However, it has been necessary to show that, while the process of constitutional transition seems to have been completed, its practical implementation encounters a number of difficulties that should be resolved in order for the democratic transition phase to truly end
Benhlal, Mohamed. "Réformes économiques et transition démocratique : cas du Maroc." Perpignan, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PERP0544.
Full textMbongo, Otando Guy-Gervais. "Transition démocratique et juridictions de droit public au Gabon." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10021.
Full textDemocratic transition started in 1990 aims for building a constitutional state. Then, none constitutional state can subsist without an effective jurisdictional system just as emergence of an independent judicial authority in an authoritarian state is difficult or even impossible. In conclusion, there is an interdependence between political regim and system of justice. In Gabon, the current democratization leaded to reform judicial institution and particularly jurisdictions of public law. The latters was marginalised during the former regim and democratic opening has restored them to favour. In return, judges of public law, brough back into their traditional missions, and moreever responsible for news competences, work towards democratization's stability
Badri, Karim. "Légitimité religieuse et transition démocratique : le cas du Maroc." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4015.
Full textThe Moroccan political system is characterized by its complexity and specificity. It is a system that tries to reconcile, on the one hand, religious legitimacy and, on the other hand, modern institutions. Hassan II, dedicated craftsman of a democracy Moroccan-style, used this specificity to refute the accusations of international organizations and Western countries about violations of human rights, considering that a universal system of Government would only be possible if men and morals were similar the world over. At the end of the 1980s, pressed by internal social movements on the one hand and an international environment conducive to a democratic opening and respect for human rights on the other hand, the monarchy had undertaken an institutional and constitutional opening while still attempting to manage the design and the consequences of this process. These controlled openings finally resulted in the undermining of the Moroccan political class. Under the pressure of the protest of February 20, 2011, spurred by the Arab spring, King Mohamed VI launched a new constitutional reform. This initiative raised high hopes of a true democratic transition but disappointment was great when considering the advances and stumbling blocks which it carried with it. Indeed, the new Constitution endorsed, as usual, the primacy of the institution of the Monarchy in the Moroccan political system. Mohamed VI’s Morocco has certainly evolved toward a less authoritarian system, nevertheless, it is far from a constitutional, democratic, parliamentary or social monarchy
Couto, Ronaldo Costa. "La transition démocratique au Brésil 1974-85." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040221.
Full textIn March 1964, Brazilian president Joao Goulart was removed by means of a "coup d’état" led by the army, and military leaders stood in power for 21 years, till 1985, when the first civil president, Tancredo Neves, was finally elected. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate this period of time, but its main focus is the period from 1974 -- when the process towards democracy started with president Geisel -- to 1985, when it was achieved, with the election of president Tancredo Neves. Besides traditional bibliographic and official sources, the research carried out interviews with the main personalities of the period, including three former presidents (Geisel and Figueiredo, the two military, and Sarney), ministers, political leaders. The author of the thesis had a close inside view of the Brazilian political process during these years
Vaz, Céline. "Le franquisme et la production de la ville : politiques du logement et de l’urbanisme, mondes professionnels et savoirs urbains en Espagne des années 1930 aux années 1970." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100196.
Full textFrancoism and urban production. Housing and urban policies, professionals and urban sciences in Spain from the 1930's to the 1970's.An urban model oriented towards growth, lack of public facilities and infrastructure, high proportion of owner-tenancy, shortage of public housing, or the relevance of real state in the national economy are some of the characteristics of Spain’s urban development during Franco’s dictatorship. It became a main social concern and way to criticize Franco’s regime at the end of the dictatorship. The aim of this PhD thesis is to study the mode of production of Spanish cities during the dictatorship and the social urban movement at the end of the regime. This research is based on the double analysis of national urban planning and housing policies and of the role of one of their principal actors: the architects. During the Franco’s era, State’s intervention was indeed reflected on housing and town-planning through a set of central institutions or bodies, of legal provisions and official measures. Theses decisions determined the mode of urban development. Owing to their privileged position in the building sector in Spain, architects play a key role in the definition and implementation of these policies. Moreover, some architects were years later the leaders of urban criticism and urban social movement. This set-up brings into light the development, if not the constitution, of the urban space as a category of public action during the Franco years, as well as its effects on the professional and scientific fields. This PhD thesis intends to constitute a social history of urban policies during the Franco’s era (1939-1975). Through this approach, it contributes to a better knowledge of the history of this period, of the history of urban social sciences and public action and of the sociology of professions
Baby, Sophie. "Violence et politique dans la transition démocratique espagnole 1975-1982." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA016612.
Full textLarbi, Hayat. "La transition démocratique en Algérie et en Espagne : étude comparée." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA083288.
Full textAmong all Arab countries. , Algeria experienced between 1989 and 1991 a democratic regime in its out most franc and agitated form. However, the democratisation process declined severely after the victory of the Islamic front ”FIS” during the first municipal election in June 1990. The chief of state at the time, Chadli Bendjedid, was forced to resigned after the party’s second victory during the first round of the legislative elections. Why has the democratisation tentative failed in Algeria while it succeeded in Spain? Are the problem of a cultural, sociological or political nature? The analysis of the Spanish model will help shedding the light on how can a dictatorship be altered smoothly into a democratic regime, at the initiatives of the state reformist. An initiative similar to the one attempted by the Algerian president Chadli Bendjedid, and overruled by the FLN party in the Algerian case
Anguelova-Lavergne, Dostena. "La "main invisible" de la transition : think tanks et transition démocratique en Bulgarie après 1989." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0341.
Full textThis doctoral thesis studies the role of "think tanks" in the process of transition and democratisation in Bulgaria after the end of the cold war in 1989. It is a pionneer research on these new political and social actors expanding their practices and discourse not only in Eastern, but also in Western Europe, thus contributing to the deep transformation of the institutions of modernity, in the political as well as in the academic field. This study analyses both the local process and historical conditions that gave birth to this new elite, close to the academic and intellectual field as well as to the NGO sector, but also situates the Bulgarian think tanks in the context of the globalisation process and its international networks of democracy makers. Thus, the thesis contritbutes to sharpen and widen the recent research in anthroplogy and political science on international poject culture, civil society and interaction between the local and the global
EL, Alaoui Saïd. "L' alternance et la problématique de la transition démocratique au Maroc." Perpignan, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PERP0984.
Full textOn the appointment of alternative government in Morocco in March 1998, political debate has developed among intellectuals, on the country’s democratic transition. If for some Moroccan and foreign observers, said the appointment was a government index of democratic transition, for some others it is not the case. The democratic transition in know that with the new reign of Mohammed VI. In our opinion, this latter current simple sin of pessimism exorbitant. At the theoretical level, this current is the victim of a confusion of concepts, such «democracy» and «democratic transition», them there in a large dissimilarity between the two. On a practical level, said current failed in his study of alternation Moroccan experience in finding a policy that is in compliance with all reforms, « the specificity of the Moroccan political system ». That is to say that is not necessary to see a photo alternating Moroccan consistent with the alternation as it is practiced in western countries. This work aims to demonstrate that the appointment of alternative government has constituted it self a factor in the democratic transition. That is to say, the life of Hassan II. The Moroccan political experience has largely responded to the general rules of rotation, with some minor differences attributable to the nature of power in Morocco. In fact, we can a "alternate government" and not an "alternation of power". In addition, to illustrate the actions taken to promote democratization by that government under the reign of King again, have established a process to strengthen a transition has already begun
Kanda, Lukunga. "Pouvoir et gouvernance au Zaïre : (du règne du parti unique à la transition)." Nice, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NICE0041.
Full textBanégas, Richard. "La démocratie "à pas de caméléon" : transition et consolidation démocratique au Bénin." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998IEPP0007.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the process of democratic transition and consolidation in Benin, from 1989 to 1996. It aims at examining the socio-cultural changes connected with the transformations of public space and scrutinizing the complex evolution of the moral economy of power. Part i is dedicated to revisiting the apparently linear process of democratization. It shows how a pluralist public space emerged in the long term of post-colonial time (chapters 1 and 2) and the short term of political transition (chapter 3). Following a "path dependency" approach, it tries to explain the "success" of the "Beninese model" by emphasizing its own historicity and the contingency of political struggles. Part ii deepens the problem of democratic consolidation which is first tackled in its contingent dimension (chapter 4). Then, i put forward the hypothesis that this consolidation process has followed the post-colonial "passive revolution" path : namely, a process of reciprocal assimilation of elites (chapters 5 and 6). But i show also that this passive revolution "by democratic design" doesn't amount to a reproduction of the same "governmentality" (Foucault). Focusing on the evolution of "structures of meaning", part iii suggests that public space's transformations have produced some important moves in the moral economy of power : in particular the incorporation of democratic temporality, the learning of "electoral civility" and the importance given to political accountability by "ordinary citizens". Nevertheless, the analysis of the "reinvention of tradition" (chapter 7), the domestication of political modernity (chapter 8) and the politics of electoral clientelism, proves that this rebuilding of the "interior architecture of civic virtue" (lonsdale) follows very paradoxical paths
Kitoko, Waleka. "Les aspects constitutionnels de la transition démocratique manquée dans l'ex-Zaïre." Bordeaux 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR40015.
Full textYoussef, Nada. "La transition démocratique et la garantie des droits fondamentaux : esquisse d'une modélisation juridique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32015.
Full textThe democratic transition is a complicated and a difficult process which is always examined from a political view. This phenomenon which constitutes topicality requires a deep legal analysis. This thesis is aiming at to set pillars and establish common foundations to every democratic transition in taking into consideration the specificity of each state. It’s not a question of a “standard” transition but rather to set the necessary “guide lines” to achieve and succeed democratic transition towards the rule of law : the ultimate target of transition. The study constitutes an easy of modelling of a new legal system aiming to set out the transitional process from the start till the end, based on the respect of the fundamental rights. The qualification of the transition, its stages, mechanisms, and results is made on the basis accorded by the transition actors to democracy, to recognition and protection of fundamental rights. Every transition getting off these criterias shall not be considered democratic. These theoretical analyses supported by practical examples allow us to evoke mutual influence between democracy and fundamental rights. These ones, only guaranteed by democratic regime, are in the heart of the transitional process. They constitute a challenge for the transition actors. The treatment of fundamental rights violations committed before the transition remain one of the most difficult stakes
Duran, Froix Jean-Stéphane. "Les professeurs d'université et la transition espagnole." Paris 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA030112.
Full textUniversity professors were one of the major groups that influenced the political transition in Spain after Franco’s death. Participating in the government as well as in Cortes, they constituted the better represented socioprofessional category within the elite, which broke up the oldest dictatorship in Western Europe and established one of its most recent democracies. Despite their small number in the cabinets, which started the first changes in Spain, their policy was determining not only for the democratization of the country, but also in the formation of a new Spanish state. Their role and their weight in the last pro-Franco Cortes turned out to be essential in order to put an end to the dictatorship from within and in order to give monarchy the legitimacy which made it acceptable by the majority of people
La, Brosse Renaud de. "Le rôle de la presse écrite dans la transition démocratique en Afrique." Bordeaux 3, 1999. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=1999BOR30004.
Full textThis research intends to assess the impact of newspapers (both private and public) into the political changes that africa south of the sahara is living since 1989-1990, marked by protests against the single party systems and by popular demands of changes towards democratic regimes. The political democratization that affected to different degrees all the african states in the french-speaking zone occurred in concomitance with the liberalization of the media framework : dozens if not thousands of private papers appeared, fenced with the single party systems and demanded the installation of democratic institutions. Their request for democracy blended with their claim for freedom of the press which african journalists - imitating their western colleagues - consider as the cornerstone of any liberal regime. This phenomenon touches as much the englishspeaking and the portuguese-speaking countries of the zone south of the sahara : while using some comparisons between the different linguistic sub-zones to illustrate the large scope of the change, the investigation concentrates on the french-speaking countries and especially on mali which can be considered as a representative case study. The democratic transition, that initiates with the questioning of the single party system and ends with the installation of institutions formally democratic, varies from one country to the other as to its form and its length : it is the role and the weight of the newspapers during that particular period that is studied. The process of democratization is still under way in some countries while it is completed in some others : after a brief reminder of the relations between political power and the press during the period that starts at the eve of the independences, and notwithstanding the difficulty of fixing the limits for the period of the transition, the investigation finally covered from 1989 to 1994
Bebe, Beshelemu Emmanuel. "Presse écrite et expériences démocratiques au Zaïre : sous la première république, 1960-1965 et pendant la transition démocratique, 1990-1995." Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020068.
Full textThe independance of the congo ( ex belge ) on june 30th 1960, as well as the end of the monopartism system in zaire on april 24th 1990, brought about a real dawning of the written press. This study intend to analyse and to compare the principal newspapers on these two periods, one interrogation be present in the center of this research : in 1960 as well as in 1990 have we been or are we face to face with one information press, or, on the contrary, in the presence of one opinion press or perhaps a masked press of politic parties ? the differents functions of the press must be determine by the classification and the analysis of the content of the newspapers, bernard voyenne warns. That's the matter of this study, and we'll do it through one comparative analysis ( quantitative and qualitative ). Out of the content, this study will be interested in the analysis of the " one ", the editorial line, the printing and the periodicity. The status , the margin of exercise and the grow of the press being linked to the nature of the politic power, to the relations that it maintains with this one and the general context of the country, we will survey again, quikly, in mains, the story of congo-zaire from 1960 up today. Memory of their times, the newspapers will serve us as reflective mirror
Doukaga, Kassa Pachely. "Football, société et politique en Espagne : du franquisme à la transition démocratique (1939-1982)." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR2013/document.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the political and social function of football in Francoist Spain and during the democratic transition, focusing particularly on two clubs: Real Madrid and FC Barcelona. One is considered the best ambassador of Spain abroad. And the other is an instrument for the mobilization of the democratic opposition, and above all a hub for ethno-social identity related claims at that time. A study about football may at first seem to not to belong within the scientific approach. Yet, beyond sport and entertainment, football is a social phenomenon, the analysis of which is essential to the understanding of contemporary societies. It deserves attention, especially when one is interested in the history of Spain, which is extremely revealing of the socio-cultural and political stakes that football has in this country
Laouel, Kader Mahamadou. "La transition démocratique au Niger : contribution à l'analyse du renouveau constitutionnel d'un État africain." Toulouse 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU10009.
Full textGhardallou, Wafa. "Développement et structure des systèmes financiers : analyse du rôle de la démocratie et de la transition démocratique." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE0504.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the relationship between the political regime and the financial system. Specifically, the empirical research conducted throughout this thesis aims to study the role of democracy in the development and structure of financial systems. To this end, we proceed in three steps. First, we examine the impact of the event of the democratic transition in the financial development of the countries that have moved towards democracy. Thus, having defined what is meant by a developed financial system and highlighted the factors that determine its evolution, we show that the transition to a democratic regime increases the size of the financial system in the medium and long term. However, it will have no short-term effect (chapter 1). In a second step, we focus on the factors that influence the effectiveness of this political regime. Indeed, since the exchange of theoretical arguments reflect a lack of consensus on the relationship between democracy and development, it seems important to otherwise understand this issue through the consideration of the role of the institutional environment in the analysis of this relationship (chapter 2). Thus, we show that democracy contributes to the development of the financial sector in the presence of good institutions while it hinders its development where institutional quality is below a certain threshold. Finally, we try to extend the existing literature by questioning the role of democracy in the explanation of the financial system architecture (chapter 3). Having reviewed the main factors influencing the shape of the financial system, we show that the political system is a determining factor in the financial structure of emerging economies. More precisely, we find that further democracy reduces the share of intermediated financing and expands the role of stock markets
Lahouij, Mohamed Anouar. "Changement politique à l'ère du numérique : fragilité et promesse dans les pays en transition démocratique." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU30144.
Full textThis study deals with the political transition and its interaction with the political transition in Tunisia in the new virtual public sphere following the abolition of internet censorship in 2011. Our inquiry revealed that the internet and in particular social networks carry different positive and liberating significances for the political participation online. The respondents showed how the Internet and especially Facebook permitted the Tunisian citizens to participate to the political life, to break the isolation of censorship, to disseminate information and to express their indignation. Despite the divides which surfaced on the public virtual sphere, the political commitment was sustained by the use of other technological platforms by cyber activists and the simultaneous adoption of two forms of political commitment online and off-line. However, it was found that a certain part of the Tunisian population is willing to create a new era of the political Islam which aims to transmit an image of the religious parties as a religious moderate and liberal force to the western audience
Landron, Michel. "Mémoire individuelle et mémoire collective de la transition démocratique à travers l'oeuvre de Francisco Candel." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT3034.
Full textAhamed, Saïd Abass. "Démocratiser en temps de guerre : l’intervention des Nations Unies et de l’Union européenne dans la transition congolaise 1996-2006." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010355.
Full textThe international intervention by the United Nations and the European Union in favor of democratic transitions in countries affected by war has known in the Democratic Repub1ic of the Congo (DRC) of new trends. These international institutions have mobi1ized enormous resources with a view to sit of democratic practices and institutions in a po1itical space caracterized by violence and instability. The stakes of power between the United Nations and the European Union, the divergence of agendas between person al strategy and collective interest have rendered difficult any coordination essentia1 to the success of this kind of enterprise. This thesis is given as objective to ana1yze the too1s and modalities of international intervention in a country whose major characteristic remains the existence of a continuum of violence and of embryonic infrastructure. The project of democratization remains by essence an unfinished project that shou1d be continuous1y refined; however, the global time of the democratization by expeditionary projects seems gone. To the extend the international intervention for democracy in Africa remains a reality
N'Sanda, Buleli Tchungu. "La mémoire et l'histoire dans les constructions politiques régionales et ethniques au Maniema pandant la transition (1990-2000), République Démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17830.
Full textRenaudet, Isabelle. "Un parlement de papier : la presse d'opposition au franquisme durant la dernière décennie de la dictature et la transition démocratique /." Madrid : Casa de Velázquez, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39155840g.
Full textEn appendice, choix de documents. Bibliogr. p. 449-482. Index. Résumés en français, espagnol et anglais.
Gayé, Fatou. "Pouvoir traditionnel, monopartisme et transition démocratique en Côte d'Ivoire : l'exemple de la chefferie Tiembara de Korhogo." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0043.
Full textThis dissertation is a political anthropological study of democratization in the ivory coast. With the democratic process started in africa at the beginning of the 90s, the traditional authorities have been shaken by more or less violent democratic claims. It became necessary to redefine locally the relationship between various political forces at work in the country. The historic necessity of the chieftaincy is being more and more questioned in favor of democratic political parties. I have attempted in this dissertation to point out the evolution of this situation with the example of the tiembara chieftaincy, headed by the gon coulibaly oligarchic family. The foundation of this family chieftaincy is the "poro", a secret circle of initiated, which has played ever since, a central function in the senoufo ethnic group. It has conferred a sacred aspect to the chieftaincy, causing in so doing a merging of the political and the religious. By propagating a culture of submission, the "poro" reinforces the tiembara chieftaincy, and makes it the main political institution of the region, in the colonial as well as post- colonial eras. During monopartism, the pdci-rda, the only political party, and the chiefaincy have collaborated to control the politically the region. But with the advent of multipartism, affiliation of gon coulibaly family members in oppositing political parties has broken up this oligarhic family, weakening thus the previous alliance of the unique party with the chieftaincy. Multipartism has therefore weakened and compeled the chieftaincy to progressively retreat from the republican political arena, henceforth occupied by political parties. There is, as a result of this process, as secularization of the political activity among the senoufo people. This reveals the major disturbances that democratization has brought into the senoufo group, yet conservatory
Leca, Marie-Christine. "Orientations de la politique culturelle au Chili : de l'autoritarisme à la transition démocratique (1973-1993)." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030119.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyse the cultural policies in Chile under Augusto Pinochet's authoritarian government between 1973 and 1989. During that period, the cultural policies were based on the regime's ideologies, namely national safety and the market economy. The enforcement of those ideologies had an effect on cultural and artistic expression, the mass media and public education, that is to say on national culture as a whole, but also on the traditional societies of which Chile is made up, such as the mapuche society. After studying the cultural directions under that authoritarian government, the thesis gives the specifications of the cultural policies which were beginning to emerge in the context of democratisation experienced by the country from 1989
Diop, El Hadji Omar. "Les partis politiques dans le processus de transition démocratique des États d'Afrique noire francophone." Bordeaux 4, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR40003.
Full textFila, Eugène. "Les partis politiques dans la transition démocratique au Congo-Brazzaville : ethnicité et enjeux du pouvoir, 1990-1997." Amiens, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AMIE0054.
Full textBraconnier, Céline. "Improbable cité : Paris et la transition démocratique au début de la troisième république : étude de morphologie politique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010254.
Full textThis dissertation queries the processes at work in the political construction of the capital and assesses their impact on the local configuration of paris. It gives an account of the conflict which at the start of the third republic opposed the Parisians, led by the groupe d'autonomie communale to those who, increasingly greater in number as democratisation gradually set in, claimed to have a leading national role in the destiny of the city : state representatives, elected members of the nation, but also men of letters or members of associations. It sets out to show how the nationalisation of paris, whose achievement ousts the urban democracy of legitimate political interests, gradually becomes acceptable to parisians when, at the turn of the century, the local cultural and political arena itself became the relay for identity proposals founded upon the rejection of citizenship. Through exclusion in the form of a refusal to take a part, the general self-overestimation of Parisians learning to draw benefit from the identification of paris with France made up for the frustrations caused by their political end
Brik, Mokni Hedia. "L'exercice des libertés publiques en période de transition démocratique : le cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR0020/document.
Full textCivil liberties have always meet difficulties to their real exercise in Tunisia. Democratic transitions which are often put forward by political leaders reveal themselves as the most critical periods for freedoms exercise. During each period, priorities are invoked in order to justify delaying the freedom exercise. Political organization and legal rules does not allow affirming that they offer a favorable environment and conditions for freedom exercise. The civil liberties are evolving in a unfavorable ideological and politic context. Confrontations between modernists and conservatives are most of the time avoided by the resort to the agreement in order to reconcile tradition and modernity. Let us underline that at each opening of a transitional period that the debates get harder and the fear losing the rights collectively acquired grows
Salcedo, Cécile. "La transition démocratique sud-africaine : essai sur l'émergence d'un droit public de la reconstruction de l'Etat." Aix-Marseille 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX32050.
Full textIn 1994, South Africa knew its first democratic elections. Sixteen years later, and four general elections, the country seems to have made a success of its bet of a democratic South Africa. The strong tensions which remained at the end of the apartheid regime let not at all augur a democratic and peaceful transition. The will of the negotiating parties to reach an optimal compromise and confidence in the rule of law guided the country in its choices. South Africa chose to supervise the slightest details of its transformation by the law. The Republic of South Africa demonstrated the importance that the law can take on the reconstruction of the State, by appealing to characteristic elements of the democratic transitions, such as constitutionalism, more specific instruments, such as a Truth Commission and egalitarian policies. This last one is mainly registered in two constitutions, "temporary" and "definitive". These not only allowed the passage of the apartheid regime towards a democratic one, but they also registered the bases of a new transitional justice, through a Truth and reconciliation commission of a new kind. They also began a reparation policy, with egalitarian aims, and registered in a global project of State building. Choices made by South Africa in transition and in State building can be source of inspiration for number of States in transition
Rousseau, Marie-Hélène. "Les réformes démocratiques et la liberté de presse au Myanmar." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8196.
Full textNatielse, Kouléga Julien. "Le Burkina Faso depuis 1991 : entre stabilite politique et illusionnisme démocratique." Phd thesis, Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux IV, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957659.
Full textMourot, Marine. "Madrid en guerre dans la littérature de la transition démocratique : Juan Iturralde et Juan Eduardo Zúñiga, témoins du conflit." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL022.
Full textNovels or short stories published in Spanish over the last twenty years have revealed a keen interest in what can be considered as a subgenre of the historical novel, the novel for the memory. This subgenre stages the recent History of Spain, particularly the Civil War. Its authors were born in the 50s or 60s, and have no direct memory of the events. It is usual to consider that Luna de lobos (1985) and Beatus Ille (1986) are the novels showing early signs of this phenomenon, which only became widespread ten years later and peaked at the turning point of the 21st century, in particular after the publication of Soldados de Salamina by Javier Cercas in 2001. Nevertheless, between the end of the Francoism in 1975 which led to the disappearance of censorship in 1977 and 1985, several fictional narrative texts relating the war and the Francoism were written and published. Días de llamas by Juan Iturralde was edited in 1979 and Juan Eduardo Zúñiga published Largo noviembre de Madrid in 1980. The study of these two books will question the often expressed idea that the literature from the first years of the Transition period did not favor the theme of war. It will also focus on the narrative strategies that these authors, who were direct witnesses of the events, chose in order to fictionalize this period from the History of Spain. Indeed, their literary approach to the facts was inevitably different from that taken by the writers who accepted being restricted by censorship and that taken by the following generations who only indirectly experienced the war. The particular treatment which Juan Iturralde and Juan Eduardo Zúñiga reserved to the referent, in particular the setting of an illusion of reality, denotes them both as dissidents compared to the narratives about the conflict published during the same period, and as heirs of the realistic tradition which they exploited and surpassed in order to relate a plausible but limited version of the events taking place from 1936 to 1939, due to their subjective perspective. In spite of the intrigues being anchored within a precise historical context, the reality is not necessarily self-evident in these narratives. In the extreme circumstances of war, the reality becomes a motive for questioning rather than an object of unequivocal and irrevocable knowledge. A single element is never questioned: the horror of the civil conflict whose fictionalization is fully able to translate the problematic dimension of reality. By the theme addressed by these books and the way they distanced themselves from the will of collective amnesia which has perniciously settled in Spain, they both have become “commemorative sites”, leaning toward the claim for the importance of the “duty of remembrance”, the rehabilitation of marginal memories which has been silenced too long, and the resilience of various traumas through fictionalizing psychic disorders caused by the horror of this conflict
Oc̆ková-Boivin, Jana. "La dynamique représentationnelle dans l'enseignement des langues étrangères en République tchèque avant et après 1989 : la transition démocratique et l'image de l'Autre." Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30015.
Full textThis research aims to analyse social representations on foreign languages and their speakers in the field of language teaching. We analysed how the democratic transition of the Czech society impacted on the foreign language didactics and the national stereotypes. First, we pointed out the historical context of the Czech identity as well as the shaping of the stereotypes of other nations. The second part deals with the theoretical implications of the following concepts: representation, nation and democratic transition. This enabled us to proceed to the issue of the implication of politics within the language teaching domain during the second half of 20th century. Follows the analysis of language textbooks (English, German and French) published in Czech Republic since the 60ies that demonstrates the evolutions of the representations of the Other and its relationship with the representations of the Czech identity. Last, the field research between foreign language students gives us data about the representations of young generation
Decante-Araya, Stéphanie. "Horizon d'attente et stratégies d'écriture dans le Chili de la Transition Démocratique : Diamela Eltit, Gonzalo Contreras, Alberto Fuguet (1988-1997)." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030171.
Full textThis thesis proposes an analysis of the works of three contemporary chilean writers : Diamela Eltit, Alberto Fuguet and Gonzalo Contreras, published between 1988 and 1997, in the context of the Democratic Transition. This analysis is based on the theoretical principles developed by Hans Robert Jauss, known as "Reception Aesthetics". After a close study of contemporary chilean literary field, this thesis defines the horizon of readers in which the works of these authors are inscribed. This, in order to identify the normative tensions from which the autors develop writing strategies, that are at the base of their particular poetics. Finally, the literary analysis concentrates itself on the metatextual and intertextual dimensions of the novels studied
Rimbot, Emmanuelle. "L'articulation entre discours sur l'identité et idéologie politique dans la nouvelle chanson chilienne de l'Unité populaire à la transition démocratique." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030138.
Full textNueva Canción Chilena (Chilean New Song) and subsequent Canto Nuevo (songs critical of the Pinochet regime produced within Chile during the military dictatorship) constitute two successive processes of artistic and militant commitment in the fields of popular culture and political action. This dissertation examines a broad corpus of songs written and performed over a period of 25 years: from the “Revolution in Liberty” undertaken by Christian Democrat President Eduardo Frei (1964-1970) to the democratic transition ushered by the Concertation of Parties for Democracy through the 1989 referendum. The time period covered by this study thus includes the one thousand days of Salvador Allende’s popular government (1970-1973), during which the “Chilean Way to Socialism” was initiated, as well as the seventeen-year-long military regime headed by General Augusto Pinochet (1973-1989). Through an analysis of the songs written and performed during this period of upheavals, this study attempts to elucidate the meaning of texts as it is produced by the interaction of the artist’s creative project with the forms of reception of that project. This analysis is based on interviews with the artists and on press archives from the period. I propose a reflection that focuses, on one hand, on the specificities of Nueva Canción Chilena and Canto Nuevo and, on the other hand, on the social function of popular song, construed both as a discourse on national identity and as the process of formation of a collective political front of action through culture. The palimpsest of a still vital memory, these songs contributed to the crystallization of an opposition to the military regime. Chilean popular song partook in the conscious and intuitive construction of memory, against a political apparatus that strove to neutralize it
Escobar, David. "Mémoire et édition pendant la transition démocratique espagnole : la collection "Espejo de España" des Editions Planeta de 1973 à 1978." Bordeaux 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR30044.
Full textThe collection entitled “Espejo de España”, which was created in 1973 by literary director Rafael Borràs Betriu on behalf of Planeta Publishings, came up to the specific expectations of the readership of that time. This collection was issued in the publishing market while the Francoist dictatorship was drawing to a close and major political events were about to emerge. Within this context, in the aftermath of a dictatorship whose main concern had been the preservation of a one-sided official memory, the volumes of the collection “Espejo de España” shed a more balanced light on the immediate history of the country, which was made possible both by a less severe censorship and by force of circumstances. In this respect, these books provide the reader with a real insight into the democratic transition and allow a better grasp of its historical scope. However, this collection is the outcome of an intellectual path initiated by Rafael Borràs in the book world in the middle of the fifties. He first created “La Jirafa”, a cultural review with an open-minded outlook, and then went on to work successively within several publishing houses, which allowed him to refine his projects focused on the recuperation of a past proscribed by the dictatorship. Furthermore, the outcome of “Espejo de España” can only be fully grasped through the objective alliance of two complementary dynamics. The collection came to light in Planeta Publishing and was therefore furthered by a publishing house which was economically prosperous. What is more, this collection was supported in a relatively autonomous way by his director Rafael Borràs who was then able to issue it on a fairly large scale
Guardiola, Elsa. "Les élections présidentielles mexicaines de 2006 : enjeux socio-politiques et stratégies discursives d'Andrés Manuel López Obrador et Felipe Calderón Hinojosa." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30031.
Full textThis dissertation aims to show the sociopolitical issues that characterized the 2006 presidential campaign in Mexico, as well as the discursive strategies used by the two main contenders, Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Felipe Calderón Hinojosa. By putting the election back into the context of the authoritarian regime ending and the democratic transition in Mexico, we will show up to what point the 2006 election is part of the continuous political and social changes that have been happening since the 1970’s and can be defined at the same time as a particular case in this process. The particularity of this election results from the very uncertain result of the ballot, the first confrontation in the contemporary Mexican history between a right-wing party and a left-wing coalition and the discursive strategies the contenders resorted to in order to make their supporters join them and to appeal to the floating voters. This conflictive election breaks off the way political power was passed on during the authoritarian regime, and takes shape through the candidates’speeches, particularly the political massive events. They reflect the Mexican situation and contribute to create some representation of Mexico and his political players as a result of language twists. The study of the contenders’ discursive strategies brings to the light the persuasion and legitimation processes that characterize their speeches and make clear their linkswith the political and ideological stance of each one of the contenders within the framework of the increasing media coverage of political discourse
Xiberras, Valérie. "Analyse du concept d'intellectuel à travers la figure sociale de l'"évolué" du Congo belge, 1945-1960 : de l'"évolué" à l'intellectuel : transition impossible." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28762.
Full textEspaña, Ruiz Rodrigo. "La consolidation démocratique au Chili. Ou comment surmonter les enclaves autoritaires." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030107.
Full textMarch 11th of 1990 marks the end of Pinochet´s authoritarian regime, which lasted about 17 years. That day the new democratic authorities took office thereby initiating the process of democratic consolidation. Before the change of regime, during the process of transition to democracy, it became clear that one of the main challenges of the democratic government would be the elimination of authoritarian enclaves. These erode and undermine a democratic regime allowing certain institutions and/or stakeholders to determine the limits of democratic consolidation.In this research we analyze what happened with two types of authoritarian enclaves, institutional and stakeholder. Regarding the first type of enclave we decided to analyze the Constitution of 1980, the binominal electoral system and the Amnesty Law of 1978. We were particularly interested in seeing how these were suppressed, unarticulated, neutralized or canceled during the democratic consolidation. As for the second type of enclave we chose to analyze the behavior of the judges of the Supreme Court, the Army and some sectors within the political parties of the Chilean right. Our attention was aimed at determining if these stakeholders had undergone a process of change that allowed them to get rid of the connotation of the authoritarian enclave
Serrano, Moreno Juan Enrique. "Mémoires de vainqueurs, mémoires de vaincus. : La construction démocratique à l'épreuve des conflits autour des mémoires de la Guerre Civile et du franquisme." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010325.
Full textThis PhD thesis analyzes the role of conflict in relation to the memories of the Spanish Civil War and Francoism in the context of democracy building in the long-term and the local, regional and national levels. The socio-historical study of practices, discourses and intercations between agents such as the statee, the church, the political parties, historiography, victims' associations or families, elucidates how the memory of the Cicil War ceased to be a manichean story, being depoliticized during the transition, and finally becam, once democracy was consolidated, a policy field and a militant cause. The intersectorial circulation of political, religious, historical and legal knwledges, actions and agents-bearing dibergent and little reflexive interpretations of history-involved the establishment of cultural matrices by which ordinary citizens translate contemporary politics. The conflicts between the victors'memories and the vanquished's ones are both the cause and the effect of the policization of memory and the memorization of politics, thus participating in the undermining of the initial legitimacy of the Spanish democratic regime
Joignant, Alfredo. "La démocratie représentée : les dimensions symboliques de la construction démocratique au Chili." Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010302.
Full textThe objective of this research is the analysis of the political symbolism and the representations of reality which were set to work during the first years of the transition to democracy in Chile, in this frame, the research bears less on the history of the landmarks of the period 1987-1990, than on the underiying social logics of the symbolic building of a new political order. The representations or reality are thus systematically connected with the struggles that oppose political actors, the logics of situation in which they get involved and the resources that they invest in a game turned competitive
Totozani, Igli. "L'indépendance du pouvoir judiciaire à l'épreuve de la transition démocratique en Albanie : le rôle de la Cour Constitutionnelle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAA034.
Full textWhen, as part of the constitutional reforms, after the fall of the communism, the Council of Europe and the European Commission require from Albania the independence of the judiciary, as a guarantee for the rule of law, a constitutional court, as a defender of the guarantees of this principle, is demanded simultaneously. Nevertheless, during the years of the democratic transition, these principles and institutions of the rule of law will be confronted with a political culture that makes difficult both their transposition and their implementation in the Albanian reality. The reasons lie in the influence that the constitutional tradition and the communist ideology still exert on the political class and its political culture. They grow towards the control rather than the independence of the judiciary. In these circumstances, it is up to the constitutional court to be active in the game of separation and balance of powers and in the identification and formalization of an independent judiciary. At the same time and as often as necessary, it will directly defend the constitutional guarantees of independence and will do so according to its own independence