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Journal articles on the topic 'Dictionaries and Thesauruses'
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Sayakhmet, Salika S., and Ainakul B. Tumanova. "Thesaurus as a constituent of the category “language personality”." Neophilology, no. 23 (2020): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2020-6-23-439-447.
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The work is devoted to the description of the term “thesaurus” as a constituent of the category “language personality”. We present a brief overview of scientific information on the formation of the meanings and status of these terms in modern linguistics. The idea is substantiated that in the practice of society’s life there is a desire among students to identify, clarify and understand a huge number of terms related to the modern realities of life (globalization, integration, informatization, westernization, etc.). We emphasize that modern terminological dictionaries, especially special dictionaries - thesauruses, are becoming particularly relevant in the field of specialists' professional training. We emphasize the need to improve the training quality of future specialists based on the formation and improvement of their thesaurus as one of the important language personality components.
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Shimizu, Kouhei, and Masafumi Hagiwara. "A New Electronic Dictionary with Meaning Description of Case Frame." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 9, no. 3 (May 20, 2005): 304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2005.p0304.
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In this paper, we propose a new electronic dictionary that helps computers to understand languages. In the field of natural language processing, meaning analysis is a difficult problem. The research has been quite few. On the other hand, meaning comprehension is quite interesting and expected to contribute to many fields. For meaning analysis, knowledge about words is indispensable. Thesauruses provide such knowledge by classifying words by their concepts. They can be used as electronic dictionaries. However, the contents are merely the clusters of words. They have little knowledge about the relationships of multiple clusters, resulting in no capacity for grasping relative meaning of words. For this reason, thesauruses are insufficient for meaning analysis. A novel approach is presented in this paper for improving the capability of electronic dictionaries. The contents of the new electronic dictionary are set of nodes and links, the same style as thesauruses. Our method enables computers to treat concretely multiple concepts of words by deriving nodes from another node. Each node consists of a verb and some nouns. Thus, a node-itself can describe meanings as a form of sentence, which differs from thesauruses. Meaning comprehension is achieved by routing nouns through nodes connected with links. Experimental results indicate the excellent ability to analyze meaning of a whole sentence. It is concluded that such ability of the dictionary is quite useful not only as an electronic dictionary itself but also in many fields such as composition support system.
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Avery, Peter, Alexandra D’Arcy, and Keren Rice. "Introduction." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 51, no. 2-3 (November 2006): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100003996.
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The past twenty-five years have seen an enormous growth in research into World Englishes, reflecting a new recognition of the status of the many national English dialects. Canadian English has been no exception to this trend and we have witnessed a dramatic increase in the quantity and quality of research into this variety. The stature it is now accorded as a separate dialect of English is reflected in the number of dictionaries, thesauruses, usage guides, and other reference works published since the late 1990s that were devoted specifically to Canadian English (e.g., Guide to Canadian English usage; Canadian Oxford dictionary; Oxford Canadian Dictionary; Collins essential Canadian English dictionary and thesaurus; Fitzhenry and Whiteside Canadian thesaurus) as well as audio-visual productions (e.g., Dialects of Canadian English; Talking Canadian).
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Vinogradov, Sergey. "Semantic Categories in Ideographic Dictionaries." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (April 2019): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.1.2.
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The paper considers semantic categories presented in the ideographic discourse. Research material includes the information retrieval thesauruses reflecting scientific information activities and functional and ideographic dictionaries representing the discourse of training in writing school compositions and the epistolary discourse (letters of Russian writers). The author regards semantic categories as sign units (sign formations) whose content plane is general concepts, and denotation is various language (sign) means forming this general concepts. The article shows that semantic categories, as the result of categorization, reflect properties of the discourse - the functional and communicative field in which it appears, characteristics of the speech subject, character of the relation of the author of the text to its topic and to the addressee, interaction with the language code. The paper discusses the technique of semantic category choice, the formation of their list, their participation in creating the classification schemes of concepts, the opportunities of using ideographic dictionaries to solve linguistic and pedagogical tasks. The article provides the conclusions on the existence and nature of system communications of ideographic semantic categories with such cognitive aspects of the language as a problem situation in word using and understanding, classification of lexical units and concepts, psychology of thinking in language forms, specifics of extralinguistic factors in scientific and language activity in different private discourses.
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Gabrovšek, Dušan. "On Not Remembering/Knowing the Right Words: The Reverse Dictionary under Review." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 2, no. 1-2 (June 22, 2005): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.2.1-2.25-34.
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The paper focuses on the onomasiological situation in monolingual dictionary consultation: When the reference need is not the typical one of looking up the meaning of an unfamiliar word or sense, but one of knowing what you want to say/write but cannot think of or do not know the right word(s). There are several English-language reference sources available that attempt to meet this kind of reference need, notably several “reverse” dictionaries, the Longman Lexicon, the Language Activator, the Superthesaurus, and a few more, including one online reference. Such sources are typically hybrid works, in the sense that they try to provide several kinds of lexical information that we normally expect to find selectively in different sources (general dictionaries, thesauruses, dictionaries of quotations, etc.). The work analyzed in some detail is the American Flip Dictionary (Kipfer 2000), designed “for when you know what you want to say but can’t think of the word” (cover subtitle). User perspective in particular is highlighted.
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M. Ali al-Ubaidy, Sundus, and Mahdi I. Kareem Al-Utbi. "Approaches to Lexicography in English and Arabic." لارك 1, no. 7 (May 30, 2019): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol1.iss7.935.
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Lexicography, the art and craft of dictionary-making, is as old as writing. Since its very early stages several thousands of years ago, it has helped to serve basically the every-day needs of written communication among individuals in communities speaking different languages or different varieties of the same language. Two general approaches are distinguished in the craft of dictionary-making: the semasiological and the onomasiological. The former is represented by usually-alphabetical dictionaries as such, i.e. their being inventories of the lexicon, while the latter is manifested in thesauruses.
English and Arabic have made use of both approaches in the preparation of their dictionaries, each having a distinct aim ahead. Within the confines of each language, an approach may yield various trends as to, for instance, the arrangement of entries within a dictionary.
The present paper aims at distinguishing the various trends in writing dictionaries in both English and Arabic. By so doing, it is hoped that the bases on which variation has relied are arrived at in order to provide the appropriate explanations of how and why differences have followed. To achieve this aim, an expository critical account of the approaches to the compilation of monolingual dictionaries in English and Arabic is presented; reference to bi-lingual dictionaries is going to be made appropriately, however. These trends, or schools, within each approach followed a certain system in compiling its representative dictionaries.
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Zhabon, Yumzhana Zh, and Darima V. Dashibalova. "Typological Description of the Tibetan Medicine Dictionaries by Mongolian and Buryat Authors from the Tibetan Fonds of the COMX of the IMBTS SB RAS and the IOM RAS." Herald of an archivist, no. 3 (2020): 651–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2020-3-651-663.
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The paper offers an analysis and a classification of lexicographic works on Tibetan medicine compiled by Mongolian and Buryat authors in the 18-20th centuries. The analysis of main topics of these works and of their terminology allow us to distinguish three types of dictionaries: (1) specialized mngon brjod dictionaries of synonyms of Tibetan materia medica compiled for their correct identification; (2) bilingual and monolingual bsdus ming glossaries that contain explanations of words and concepts of the rgyud bzhi and commentaries; and (3) general and terminological brda yig dictionaries with medical lexicons. Particular attention is paid to distinctive features of these dictionaries. The study reveals that words in all thesauruses compiled by Mongolian authors and in the terminological dictionary dag yig mkhas pa’i ‘byung gnas (18th century) are arranged by thematic groups. The words in all bsdus ming glossaries are limited to the lexis used in one particular treatise and arranged in order in which they occur in the text. All lexicographical works compiled by Buryat authors (dictionaries of Tuguldurov, Sumatiratna, and Choidak) were organized according to Tibetan alphabetical order. In the rgyud bzhi bsdus ming and in the dictionary of Ishdorji all Mongolian equivalents are given in Tibetan letters. The study shows that dividing dictionaries of Mongolian authors in three groups (in accordance with their topic, basic terms, basic principles of compiling dictionaries of a certain genre) allows us to trace the continuity of the Indo-Tibetan lexicographic tradition in Mongolia and Buryatia, and also to demonstrate significant contribution of the Buryat scientists to the development of Tibet lexicography (concerning alphabetical principle of dictionaries compilation).
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Yarovikova, Y. V. "A Lexicographic Description of the Concept “Anger”." Язык и текст 7, no. 1 (2020): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/langt.2020070112.
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The paper seeks to outline the content of the concept “anger” as it is represented both in print and online lexicographic resources. The study is based upon the data gained directly from mono- and bilingual thesauruses, dictionaries of etymology, phraseology and idioms. The subject of the study is the semantic structure of the lexeme “anger” that names the corresponding concept in the English language. Etymological, definitional and contextual analyses revealed the lexeme’s diachronic transformations that underlie its semantics in Modern English. The data obtained in the analyses also contributed to identifying a wide range of usual cognitive characteristics that constitute the notional component of the concept. The choice of this issue is determined primarily by linguists’ continuing interest in representing a person’s interior by language means. The findings of the study make a contribution to the further development of issues relating to the linguistic expression of the human inner world in Modern Germanic languages from linguocognitive and anthropological perspectives.
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Agyepong, Edith Biamah, and Enoch Danso Okyere. "Analysis of the Concept Continuing Education in Nursing Education." Journal of Education and Educational Development 5, no. 1 (May 30, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v5i1.1598.
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<p> </p><p> <em>The term continuing education is extensively used throughout nursing education literature. This paper sought to re-examine the concept ‘continuing education’ for its meaning, relevance and appropriateness of application. The authors examined the definitions of continuing education from dictionaries, thesauruses, and current nursing education literature for meanings, usages, attributes, antecedents and consequences in line with Walker and Avant (2005) method of concept analysis. Model, borderline, and contrary cases were also presented. The paper concludes that the development of a theory of continuing education is usually preceded by a logical analysis of the concept which includes distinguishing properties, antecedents and outcomes of further education. The subsequent step in the development of the theory of lifelong education requires establishing theoretical relationships between perceptions, motivation and barriers to continuing education. It recommends that empirical studies of further education, whether qualitative or quantitative can be carried out to find out the effects of lifelong education on the nursing profession to enhance research in nursing and advance professionalism in nursing.</em></p>
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Korzeniewski, Jerzy. "A Modification of the Leacock-Chodorow Measure of the Semantic Relatedness of Concepts." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 6, no. 351 (December 15, 2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.351.06.
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The measures of the semantic relatedness of concepts can be categorised into two types: knowledge‑based methods and corpus‑based methods. Knowledge‑based techniques make use of man‑created dictionaries, thesauruses and other artefacts as a source of knowledge. Corpus‑based techniques assess the semantic similarity of two concepts making use of large corpora of text documents. Some researchers claim that knowledge‑based measures outperform corpus‑based ones, but it is much more important to observe that the latter ones are heavily corpus dependent. In this article, we propose to modify the best WordNet‑based method of assessing semantic relatedness, i.e. the Leacock‑Chodorow measure. This measure has proven to be the best in several studies and has a very simple formula. We asses our proposal on the basis of two popular benchmark sets of pairs of concepts, i.e. the Ruben‑Goodenough set of 65 pairs of concepts and the Fickelstein set of 353 pairs of terms. The results prove that our proposal outperforms the traditional Leacock‑Chodorow measure.
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Lenartowicz-Zagrodna, Anna. "O sposobie konstruowania haseł w dawnych słownikach przekładowych (na przykładzie prac Łukasza Brzezwickiego)." LingVaria 13, no. 25 (May 30, 2018): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/lv.13.2017.25.08.
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On the Method of Constructing Entries in Old Translation Dictionaries (Using the Example of the Works of Łukasz Brzezwicki)The birth of Polish-Latin lexicography has usually been associated with Cnapius, the author of Thesaurus Polonolatinograecus seu Promptuarium linguae Latinae et Graecae (1621), while the two lexicographers who worked before him tend to be forgotten. In 1596 Nicholas Volckmar published Dictionarium trilingue tripartitum ad discendam linguam Latinam, Polonicam et Germanicam accommodatum, and a few years later, on the basis of Volckmar’s work, Łukasz Brzezwicki composed two dictionaries: Synonyma latina ex variis authoribus collata Polonice et Latine (Cracow 1602) and Puerilia ex variis onomasticis excerpta et in usum iuventutis Polonae publicata (Cracow 1625). Although the list of words in the dictionaries of these two authors is nearly identical, Brzezwicki introduced several changes to his lexicographic method. One of the innovative features of Synonym… and Puerilia… is the construction of entries in the form of series of synonyms. The goal of the present paper is to analyse these series and to answer the questions: What kinds of pairs of words does Brzezwicki introduce? What role do they play? In what relation are those pairs to the state of contemporary Polish? This is the basis on which this paper will attempt to evaluate the level of lexicographic and linguistic awareness of Łukasz Brzezwicki.
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Matvieieva, Svitlana. "THESAURUS MODELLING OF MODERN LEGAL METALANGUAGE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 2 (May 28, 2020): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i2.2020.188.
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The article deals with the problem of creating thesaurus for the English-Ukrainian parallel legal corpus. Such a corpus enables translators and researchers optimize their work with legal texts and their language units – legal terms, choose the best variants for translations, dictionaries, ontologies, etc. The paper describes the problem of a term conceptual structure, it’s functions, and relations within the special legal texts organized in the sentence-aligned corpus. The author of the manuscript demonstrates the main principles of work with the training parallel legal corpus created by the author.
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Kotamjani, Sedigheh Shakib, Ommehoney Fazel Razavi, and Habsah Hussin. "Online Corpus Tools in Scholarly Writing: A Case of EFL Postgraduate Student." English Language Teaching 10, no. 9 (August 5, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n9p61.
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Some studies have reported the positive outcome of using concordancers and dictionaries in (ESL) context. This study aims to examine how an EFL writer consulted with concordancers and dictionaries along with Google and Google Scholar when engaging in academic writing at university level. The researcher investigated a non-English-major postgraduate student corpus consultation over five months. The researcher provided a toolkit including corpus tools; concordancers, collocation dictionaries, thesaurus, Google, in combination with traditional reference resources such as monolingual and bilingual online dictionaries. The participant received a three-session training to consult with different resources while writing research paper. Real-time data, stimulated recall interview, participants’ writing and query logs served as the main sources of data. Results showed that the participant was aware of the applicability of each corpus tool. He could successfully solve 604 linguistic problems, and promoted his linguistic awareness. It is implied that corpus tools have the potential to assist EFL writers in proofreading and editing the surface levels of their writing.
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Oliveira, Hugo Gonçalo, and Paulo Gomes. "Towards the automatic enrichment of a thesaurus with information in dictionaries." Expert Systems 30, no. 4 (May 8, 2013): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exsy.12029.
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Chetverikov, Grigorij, and Iryna Vechirska. "Cognitive approach to the construction of three-language terminological thesaurus." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 12 (November 24, 2015): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2012.014.
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Cognitive approach to the construction of three-language terminological thesaurusThe paper is devoted to developing a lexicographic database of a three-language terminological dictionary. The detailed analysis of a relations scheme between tables and structures of tables with the help of three-layer decomposition predicate method is carried out, which has allowed to define ways of solving direct and reversible three-language electronic dictionaries creation problem.
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KUNIOKA, Takao, Yuki TAMURA, Fumie YAMAZAKI, Miho HORIUCHI, and Satoru BANNAI. "The JST thesaurus map : Finding an effective search word from visualized JST dictionaries." Journal of Information Processing and Management 55, no. 9 (2012): 662–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1241/johokanri.55.662.
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Bayekeyeva, Ainur, Saule Tazhibayeva, Zhainagul Beisenova, Aigul Shaheen, and Aisaule Bayekeyeva. "Controlled Multilingual Thesauri for Kazakh Industry-Specific Terms." Social Inclusion 9, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i1.3527.
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This article discusses the practical issues of compiling controlled multilingual thesauri for the purposes of industry-specific translation (IST). In the multilingual, transnational and globally connected Kazakhstan, IST is a much-needed translation service. IST is an interdisciplinary field between terminology, computational linguistics, translation theory and practice. Most of the professional guides, dictionaries and glossaries are systemized in alphabetical order and contain multiple variants for the terms searched. Therefore, there is an urgent need to create a systemized controlled multilingual thesaurus of industry-specific Kazakh, English and Russian terms in order to provide multilingual users with an interoperable and relevant term base. Controlled multilingual thesauri for industry-specific terms are the most effective tools for describing individual subject areas. They are designed to promote communication and interaction among professionals, translators and all Automated Information System users of specific fields irrespective of their location and health conditions. Unlike traditional dictionaries, controlled thesauri allow users to identify the meaning with the help of definitions and translations, relations of terms with other concepts, and broader and narrower terms. The purpose of this research is to unify and systematize industry-specific terms in Kazakh, to provide Russian and English equivalents, and to classify the terms into essential rubrics and subjects. Based on the Zthes data scheme to create a controlled multilingual thesaurus of industryspecific terms, the major rubrics have been formulated, and about 10,000 Kazakh mining and metal terms approved by the Terminological Committee of Kazakhstan have been structured.
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Lesnikov, Sergey V. "Formation of the hypertext corpus of educational dictionaries of the Russian language." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 4 (July 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.4-21.027.
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This article discusses the construction of the terminological code of the Russian language in the form of information-search hypertext thesaurus. The code is developed in the form of a hypertext system in a nonlinear form, taking into account the relational, hierarchical and network paradigmatic relations through the implementation of syntagmatic relations in an interactive mode on a personal computer digitized lexicographic materials of the Russian language, which will allow on the basis of digital technologies through appropriate classification and systematization, digitalization and retrodigitization of dictionaries, reference books and encyclopedias and other lexicographic materials of the Russian language to structure, to systematize and unify the lexicographical material in a single body, thus providing operational input in a scientific turn with the purpose of optimization of scientific research in modern lexicography.
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Plakhotniuk, Ye I. "Blend-dictionaries in a semiotic-cognitive perspective: an Active learner’s construction-combinatory thesaurus «TRAVELLING»." Science and Education a New Dimension VIII(241), no. 72 (November 25, 2020): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-ph2020-241viii72-10.
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Erofeeva, Irina, Valery Solovyev, and Venera Bajrasheva. "Psychosemantic Experiment as a Tool for Objectification of the Data for the Ways of Representing Synonymy in a Modern Russian Language." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (March 2020): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.1.15.
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The recently created RuWordNet thesaurus reflects hierarchical, primarily synonymous, relations in the vocabulary so that it is built from a set of synsets. In this paper, we applied the method of a comparative analysis: we compared the data of classical dictionaries of Russian language synonyms, RuWordNet thesaurus and the results of a students' poll. The students represent two areas of specialization: linguistic and nonliguistic. As a result of the psychosemantic experiment, we specified the criteria for the distribution of lexical units among synsets. We referred to them cognitive, semantic, stylistic and quantitative criteria. The quantitative method made it possible to determine the fixation frequency of synonyms for the stimulus word in the respondents' minds. The results of the experiment showed that the most adequate principle, implemented in verbal and cogitative activity by the identifying of the synonymic chains, is a pragmatic one. It reveals itself in the possibility of the interchange of similar in meaning words in different contexts. The research results contain recommendations on the systematization of linguistic information in the RuWordNet thesaurus, aimed at improving the principles of synsets' building. The performed research is aimed at verifying the reflected in RuWordNet data from the point of view of their correspondence to the real idea of native speakers of the synonymic, hyponymic and other system-based relationship in the vocabulary.
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LESNIKOV, Sergey V. "The concept of developing and creating a digital academic vocabulary corpus (AVC) of the Russian language (RL)." Neophilology, no. 19 (2019): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-19-293-305.
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We consider the academic explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language (RL) as the basis of academic (automated, archival) vocabulary (systematic) corpus (concordance, tuple, compendium) (AVC) [1–6] of the Russian language, as well as the algorithm, concept and principles of development and creation of academic vocabulary corpus of the Russian language. Academic vocabulary corpus is constructed in the form of HYSAURUS (hypertext thesaurus) [7; 8] in a nonlinear form, taking into account relational, hierarchical and network paradigmatic relations, which will allow to structurize and integrate lexicographic materials through suitable classification and systematization, digitalization and retrodigitization of academic explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language, thereby ensuring their prompt entry into scientific circulation with the aim of optimization scientific research in contemporary lexicography. Scientific significance of the academic vocabulary corpus is determined by the need for a centralized description of Russian vocabulary, since numerous developments in this area have their own tasks and direction of research, which does not allow to see the full linguistic view of the Russian Federation, which the information-retrieval academic vocabulary corpus can show. For this purpose, we suppose to simulate, develop and create a workable interactively replenished information-retrieval academic vocabulary corpus of the Russian language, allowing to combine various lexicographic sources into a single database.
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Mamontov, Alexandr S., Arina G. Zhukova, and Alexandra G. Stolyarova. "The Concept “Past” in the Russian Language Picture of the World." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 464 (2021): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/464/5.
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The article analyzes the concept “past” as a component of the Russian language picture of the world. The authors make a comprehensive conceptual description of the past based on the three-part model of the concept according to V.I. Karasik – “image, concept, value”. Addressing this topic is due to the lack of a linguocultural description of the concept of the past in Russian science, as well as the need to expand the fund of conceptual descriptions of the components of Russian linguistic culture. The aim of the research is a comprehensive description of the concept of the past focused on identifying its value characteristics, which corresponds to the linguistic cultural direction, within which culture can be understood as a set of meanings, values and norms. The research methodology is based on the structure of everyday consciousness described by O.A. Kornilov and includes an analysis of sensoryreceptive, logical-conceptual, emotional-evaluative and value-moral components of the concept. The procedures of conceptual analysis include the analysis of dictionary definitions of the keyword, the construction of a figurative semantic field based on synonyms and compatibility, the analysis of associations, the analysis of phraseological units, the analysis of proverbs and sayings. The main sources of the research are explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language edited by D.N. Ushakov, A.S. Gerd and T.F. Efremova, New Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Synonyms edited by Yu.D. Apresyan, dictionaries of synonyms edited by Z.E. Aleksandrova, Associative Thesaurus of the Modern Russian Language edited by Yu.N. Karaulov, phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language edited by E.N. Teliya and A.I. Fyodorov, dictionaries of proverbs and sayings edited by V.I. Zimin and V.P. Zhukov. The main results of the study are related to the modeling of the field structure of the conceptual field ’’past’’ with the identification of its neutral core, perinuclear and connotatively marked periphery. The final stage of the analysis suggests that the value component of the concept ’’past’’ is a bipolar zone, within which two mutually exclusive groups of behavioral norms coexist, reflecting the two value centers of the concept.
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Iniutina, Liudmila Alexandrovna, and Tatiana Sergeevna Shilnikova. "Teaching russian as a foreign language in the modern educational paradigm: training dictionaries." SHS Web of Conferences 97 (2021): 01012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219701012.
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The work is devoted to the problem of intensification of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the process of formation and development of the lexical competence of students. The role of educational dictionaries of various types is emphasized. The Experimental Electronic Multilingual Dictionary of Military Terms is presented. It is based on ABBYY Lingvo software for teaching Russian to foreign students of military universities. His vocabulary includes a special vocabulary describing various segments of military activity (weapons, equipment, commands, military life, etc.). For each word there are translations into European languages (boi - English batttle, combat; French combat (m); Portuguese combate) and Asian languages (Laos ; Arabic ; Pashto ). The potential of an electronic multilingual dictionary in the implementation of multicultural and professionally oriented teaching of Russian as a foreign language in a non-linguistic university is identified. The role of the electronic translated multilingual thesaurus in the formation of speech professional competence, which ensures the removal of language barriers in the study of military-technical sciences by foreigners, is determined. The universality of the dictionary is characterized. It was created taking into account those national languages whose speakers receive special education in Russian military universities, and provides opportunities for the redistribution of classroom and independent work of students. Its effectiveness has been proven as a tool for modern interactive, multilingual and multicultural education.
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Cristofoli, Mirella, Gunhild Dyrberg, and Lilian Stage. "Metaphor, Meaning and Translation." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 11, no. 20 (February 14, 2017): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v11i20.25454.
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Over the last decades, metaphor has been subject to intensive research within philoso-phy, psychology, psychiatry, pedagogics, etc., whereas there has been less focus on the study of metaphor as a linguistic utterance. But to a translator metaphor is a very intriguing practical linguistic problem. How do we translate for instance the Danish metaphor blæksprutte? In this article, we will discuss to what extent ordinary dictionaries may be of use (can you look up the metaphor blæksprutte?) and will describe the data-base of metaphors that we are establishing with examples from economic and political texts in Danish, French and Italian. The database is organized as a thesaurus where metaphorical utterances are categorized under Meaning and Source domain and where translators may find inspiration when having to render metaphors in the three lan-guages.
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Furno, Martine. "À l’aube de la bibliographie : les références externes dans les dictionnaires latins, 1480–1545." Renaissance and Reformation 34, no. 3 (July 26, 2012): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v34i3.17020.
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The appearance of printed text resulted in changes to the way text is accessed, which leads to the question of whether these changes modified scholarly practice; and if so, how? The following article examines this question in a particular context—that of dictionaries and encyclopedias, referencing classical citations as guarantors and examples. The article defines the evolution of three important witnesses in this domain from the end of the fifteenth century to the first part of the sixteenth: the Cornu Copiæ by Niccolo Perotti, the Commentarii linguae latinæ by Etienne Dolet, of which two tomes appeared in 1536 and 1538, and the Thesaurus Latinae Linguae by Robert Estienne, in its three versions from 1531, 1536, and 1543. These three books represent the same type of object: language dictionaries, aimed towards a specific public of advanced learners, or the learned. In fact, the material weight of book fabrication, the difficulty from then on of collecting masses of texts, the new study conditions, the sheer quantity of texts available, and the famous temptation of universality, made the practice of regulation and of precise referencing an urgent necessity. The position of learned printers of Estienne’s generation was crucial: they helped create and then make commonplace certain material norms that are now so much part of our intellectual habit that we sometimes forget their material origin.
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Vlajic-Popovic, Jasna. "Etymology of the Serbian language: With a glance at the past and a look into the future." Juznoslovenski filolog 73, no. 3-4 (2017): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1704137v.
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After an introductory overview of previous achievements in the field, abroad and at home, during the 19th and 20th centuries, this paper deals with the present state of Serbian etymology (i.e. etymology of the Serbian language) among the Serbs which, for several decades now, has been closely related to the Etymological Department of the Serbian Language Institute of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. Following an explanation of elements of the etymological analysis, we offer a comparison of the methodologies applied in compiling the two dictionaries presently under development at the Department, a thesaurus-type Etimoloski recnik srpskoga jezika (ERSJ - Etymological Dictionary of the Serbian Language) and the concise Prirucni etimoloski recnik srpskoga jezika (PERSJ - Concise Etymological Dictionary of the Serbian Language). Finally, we present a preliminary projection of the future development of Serbian etymology with a suggested agenda.
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Beneventano, Domenico, Sonia Bergamaschi, and Riccardo Martoglia. "Exploiting semantics for searching agricultural bibliographic data." Journal of Information Science 42, no. 6 (July 11, 2016): 748–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551515606579.
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Filtering and search mechanisms which permit to identify key bibliographic references are fundamental for researchers. In this paper we propose a fully automatic and semantic method for filtering/searching bibliographic data, which allows users to look for information by specifying simple keyword queries or document queries, i.e. by simply submitting existing documents to the system. The limitations of standard techniques, based on either syntactical text search and on manually assigned descriptors, are overcome by considering the semantics intrinsically associated to the document/query terms; to this aim, we exploit different kinds of external knowledge sources (both general and specific domain dictionaries or thesauri). The proposed techniques have been developed and successfully tested for agricultural bibliographic data, which play a central role to enable researchers and policy makers to retrieve related agricultural and scientific information by using the AGROVOC thesaurus.
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Gladun, A. Y., and K. A. Khala. "Ontology-based semantic similarity to metadata analysis in the information security domain." PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING, no. 2 (June 2021): 034–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pp2021.02.034.
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It is becoming clear with growing complication of cybersecurity threats, that one of the most important resources to combat cyberattacks is the processing of large amounts of data in the cyber environment. In order to process a huge amount of data and to make decisions, there is a need to automate the tasks of searching, selecting and interpreting Big Data to solve operational information security problems. Big data analytics is complemented by semantic technology, can improve cybersecurity, and allows you to process and interpret large amounts of information in the cyber environment. Using of semantic modeling methods in Big Data analytics is necessary for the selection and combination of heterogeneous Big Data sources, recognition of the patterns of network attacks and other cyber threats, which must occur quickly to implement countermeasures. Therefore to analyze Big Data metadata, the authors propose pre-processing of metadata at the semantic level. As analysis tools, it is proposed to create a thesaurus of the problem based on the domain ontology, which should provide a terminological basis for the integration of ontologies of different levels. To build a thesaurus of the problem, it is proposed to use the standards of open information resources, dictionaries, encyclopedias. The development of an ontology hierarchy formalizes the relationships between data elements that will be used in future for machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to adapt to changes in the environment, which in turn will increase the efficiency of big data analytics for the cybersecurity domain.
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Kavalir, Monika. "Teaching Reference Skills: Does it really Matter?" ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 7, no. 2 (May 28, 2010): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.7.2.113-122.
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The article discusses the results of a study at the core of which is the question of whether teaching reference skills really matters – i.e. how useful it is to train students to work with dictionaries. To answer this query, two issues are investigated: firstly, how effective the particular methodology developed here is with regard to using thesauri; and secondly, whether it makes a difference if some specific hands-on exercises are included or excluded. By the end of the project, the students felt that thesauri, a previously unknown language tool, would be quite useful for their work in the future; on average, they were planning to use a thesaurus several times a month. The analysis of the student questionnaires and a comparison of lexical variation in the first and second drafts of the essays also showed that the experimental group, which received more practical training, generally found thesauri more useful and, accordingly, used them more than the control group did.
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SYLVESTER, LOUISE. "Contact effects on the technical lexis of Middle English: a semantic hierarchic approach." English Language and Linguistics 22, no. 2 (July 2018): 249–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674318000126.
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In the context of multilingualism in later medieval Britain, the influx of French terminology into the emerging technical vocabulary of Middle English is likely to have produced synchronous synonyms. For functional reasons, some native terms are expected to be dropped from the language, others to undergo differentiation through semantic shift. A significant proportion of the French borrowings are often seen as having been new technical terms, but earlier historical research on the nature of technical vocabulary in English has not clearly characterized this lexical domain; ways are therefore explored here of identifying technical terminology in this period. Definitions contained in historical dictionaries, principally theMiddle English Dictionary, provide the main diagnostic, specificity of meaning. As a case study, borrowings in a technical register are examined using the terms contained in the subdomain ‘Instruments’ within the Middle English vocabulary for Building (extracted from theBilingual Thesaurus of Everyday Life in Medieval Englandproject) supplemented with lexis from theHistorical Thesaurus. Utilizing the components of meaning in theMiddle English Dictionaryand theOxford English Dictionarydefinitions, the lexical items are classified into semantic hierarchies as was done for theHistorical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary. In addition to dates of first usage, etymological information about the lexical items is included in the semantic hierarchies, allowing analysis of patterns of replacement by borrowed terms at different levels of the lexicon. It is found that the impact of French on the native lexicon in this dataset is most evident at the superordinate and basic levels of the lexicon, where we find almost equal numbers of native and borrowed terms, while at the hyponymic level native terms are in the vast majority. The study provides an insight into the vocabulary of speakers of the Middle English period with a high level of experience and expertise in technical fields and the findings suggest a resistance to borrowed vocabulary not at the lowest section of the social stratum, but rather by the class of skilled workers.
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Castaño, Emilia Castaño, and Isabel Verdaguer Clavera. "Metonymies and metaphors of sadness in the Old English vocabulary." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 5, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 282–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00022.cas.
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Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the predominant metonymic and metaphoric conceptualizations of sadness in the Old English period. To this end, the Old English expressions for emotional distress recorded in The Old English Thesaurus and old English dictionaries have been analyzed. Taking as a starting point the experiential grounding of emotion conceptualization, we first present experimental evidence in support of the role of somato-behavioral reactions in emotion recognition, affective state induction and emotional information processing and interpretation, and review the most common metonymic and metaphoric expressions for sadness in Modern English. Next, we analyze the Old English vocabulary for sadness and the interplay between embodiment and culture in the conceptualization and linguistic description of emotional distress. Such analysis makes it clear that in ancient times, as in present day English, sadness and psychological distress were also conceptualized in terms of unpleasant physical conditions such as illness, cold, darkness or heaviness. Consequently, a long-term diachronic trend in the conceptualization of sadness can be traced even though its linguistic realization and motivation have varied through time.
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Yan, Kai, and Yuxuan Jiang. "Ways of Expressing РАДОСТЬ (Happiness / Joy) in Russian Advertising Text." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 18, no. 4 (2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2020-18-4-69-84.
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The article analyzes the ways of expressing the emotion of РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in modern Russian advertising texts. The purpose of the article is to identify the main ways of conveying the emotions and emotional states of РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) and their cultural specificity in the selected Russian advertising texts. To achieve this goal we have formulated the following objectives: 1) To build a lexical and semantic field of the lexeme РАДОСТЬ (“happiness” / “joy”) in Russian; 2) to build an associative field of the lexeme РАДОСТЬ (“happiness” / “joy”) in the Russian language speakers’ consciousness; 3) to identify the main ways of conveying РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in the analyzed advertising texts. The sources of materials are: 1) Russian explanatory dictionaries, Russian associative thesauri, and dictionaries of Russian synonyms; 2) a selection of 100 Russian advertising items made by native Russian speakers dating from 11.2019 to 02.2020. In order to create a lexical and semantic field of the lexeme “радость” (happiness / joy), a number of Russian language dictionaries gave been used, for example: the “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” by V. I. Dahl, “Explanatory dictionary of Russian language” edited by D. N. Ushakov, “Dictionary of Russian language” by S. I. Ozhegov and N. Yu. Shvedova, etc. Then we checked on the semantic structure of the lexeme “радость” (happiness / joy) in explanatory monolingual dictionaries of the Russian language as well as in the Dictionary of Synonyms. The Russian associative thesaurus (hereinafter RACES?) was used to build an associative field of the lexeme “радость” (happiness / joy) in the Russian language speakers’consciousness. Based on the analysis, 100 advertising contexts were selected and described with regard to the images conveying the emotion and emotional states of “РАДОСТЬ” (HAPPINESS / JOY), such as facial expression, people’s behaviour, the colour of images). We used descriptive and statistical methods, as well as the methods of semantic analysis and linguo-cultural interpretation. The novelty of the research is that it is by far the first to attempt: 1) To build a semantic field of the lexeme “радость” (happiness / joy) based on the lexicographic analysis; 2) to build an associative field of the given lexeme in the Russian language speakers’ consciousness based on the RACES; 3) to identify the main ways of conveying the emotion РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in selected Russian advertising texts; 4) to show cultural specificity of the manifestation of the emotion РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in the selected Russian advertising texts. In our opinion, the results obtained during the analysis are relevant to the development of text linguistics and linguoculturology. We hope this work will reveal cultural specificity of the emotion РАДОСТЬ (HAPPINESS / JOY) in Russian linguo-culture, and will contribute to efficient intercultural communication between the speakers of Russian and Chinese languages.
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Keselman, Iosif. "A New Type of Lexicographic Product: Thesaurus of Text Strings. Field of EFL/ESL." Journal of Language and Education 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2411-7390-2016-2-3-82-89.
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The “Thesaurus of Text Strings: The field of EFL/ESL” (TTS) is a structured collection of text fragments extracted from various texts, both printed and digital, that deal with teaching and learning English as a foreign or second language. While the sublanguage of ELF/ESL has been vastly discussed in literature, the TTS is a radically new type of dictionary due to the nature of its constituent objects, the text strings. A text string (TS) is a lexicographic object of unique status; as such, it has not been used before. It is different from all other objects traditionally treated in dictionaries of various types, such as words, collocations, idioms, proverbs and other reproducible linguistic units. TSs have been extracted from specialized texts, they are supposed to reflect the various aspects, even the minute ones, of the referential situations presented in the texts. The TSs in the Thesaurus are arranged mostly according to the conceptual structure of the Foreign Languages Teaching Methodology (a deductive logical procedure, ‘head – bottom’), but on the lower, more concrete, levels of analysis the TSs have to be grouped following the opposite logical direction, ‘bottom – up’ as the Teaching Methodology concepts prove to be too general to differentiate between finer meaning distinctions of numerous TSs. The TTS supplies a considerable amount of carefully structured professional information in language form. It is aimed primarily at teachers of English who are not native speakers of the language and who wish to make their professional communication in English more authentic. It can also be used in classroom activities with students who are preparing for teaching careers. Thus, a conclusion may be justified that the TTS has both the theoretical significance for lexicography and the practical value as a good professional teaching material. The TTS may also be meaningfully considered against the background of today’s Corpus Linguistics. Though not a ‘true’ corpus per se, it has certain features that are essentially similar to those of contemporary linguistic corpora.
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Lavagnino, Alessandra C. "A Chinese regard oblique." Asiatische Studien - Études Asiatiques 71, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 1003–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asia-2017-0026.
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Abstract The wealth of topics and the vast range of themes dealt during the Zurich Workshop have stimulated me to propose some preliminary remarks coming from a Chinese point of view. The difficulty of dealing with different set of words and different way of classifying things makes it necessary to provide some basic information, sources and insights into how such fundamental issues as the power of writing, the categorisation of knowledge, and the preeminence of the role of the traditional Classic texts in intellectual, political and administrative life were developed in ancient China. The written language was an empowering language. The privilege of mastering the Classical texts and the ability to write elegantly made success in the imperial exams possible, allowing the scholar to become a member of the powerful élite. This explains the close link established in China between the exercice of power and the literary language. The need to provide the necessary tools to acquire this ability became the main incentive for the production of a set of texts such as dictionaries, glossaries, thesaurus, and encyclopaedias or “books according to categories”. In these texts the world of knowledge was ordered according to categories which were functional and useful for the preservation of imperial power in the hands of loyal bureaucrats, carefully selected through the perfect machinery of the examinations, to perpetuate the “mandate of heaven” throughout the centuries.
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Mendesheva, M. M. "Lexical-Semantic Analysis of the Adjective Poor in English: Definitions, Synonyms, and Antonyms." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 23, no. 1 (April 10, 2021): 256–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-1-256-264.
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The article introduces the lexical-semantic aspect of the adjective poor in English, its synonyms, and antonyms. The analysis featured five English dictionaries: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary & Thesaurus, Cobuild Advanced English Dictionary, The Free Dictionary, Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, and Merriam-Webster Dictionary. The author analyzed the lexical-semantic variants of the adjective and determined its meanings. The component analysis allocated 46 semes and sememes, which were combined into eight thematic groups: 1. People: (poor) people / a group, poverty, emaciated, not very skilful (in a particular activity), needy, humble, meek; 2. Animal: (hungry) animal; 3. Material means: having, material, possessions, mean, petty / (little) money / insufficient wealth, used of land, barren (land), unproductive (land); 4. Lack / shortage: lacking / deficient; 5. Something material: very little of the substance, (little of a particular) substance, (poor) food; 6. Resources: supply (of something specified – resources, materials), (poor) country; 7. Evaluation: bad / not good, (being of a very low) quality, (being of a very low) quantity, (being of a very low) standard, inferior / very little (in quality), inferior (in value), (less) amount, (less) rate, (less) number, little / few, (in bad) condition, not normal, less (than adequate) / scanty / inadequate, negative, small (in worth), quality; 8. Emotional attitude: exciting , pity, (deserving) sympathy, unlucky, disappointing , disagreeable, indifferent, unfavorable, no pleasure. The adjective poor appeared to have 37 synonyms and 13 antonyms.
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Yu. Ivanchenko, Mariia. "The National Specifics of Betrayal Metaphors Actualization in English Language Consciousness." Arab World English Journal, no. 3 (November 15, 2020): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24093/awej/elt3.18.
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The article deals with metaphors of betrayal in English. The concept of betrayal studied concerning the peculiarities of its national and cultural actualization. The main issue of the work is to identify the principles of knowledge and ideas about the extra lingual reality presentation in English language consciousness. The significance of the study lies in identifying the axiological dominants of the researched concept cognitive structure, its ethnocultural specificity. The research data includes 543 examples naming betrayal inventoried through the complete selection from dictionaries, the thesaurus of English metaphors, fiction texts, etc. The method applied in this research corresponds to the objectives and data. The semantic and contextual analysis provided in lexicographical sources and fiction texts helps sort out the data collected. All examples divided into blocks: to betray- to scam, to deceive, to betray – to reveal the secret, to betray relations, to betray yourself. The analysis showed that betrayal actualized with the verbs, which contain semes to send a beep, to move in space, to remove, to leave, to put something over something, to leave; nouns – somatics; fauna; geographical objects; artifacts; adjectives with the semantic imperfect; adverbs – out, away. The result of the study shows that to respect confidentiality, personal life, ability to keep the secrets, to be honest, decent, to respect private interests are of primary importance for the English. They mostly appreciate loyalty, devotion, reliability, respect, tolerance in human relationships.
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Savina, E. S. "Stylistic functioning of legal vocabulary in the second volume of Marcel Proust’s novel “In Search of Lost Time”." NSU Vestnik. Series: Linguistics and Intercultural Communication 17, no. 2 (2019): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7935-2019-17-2-65-76.
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The present article deals with the stylistic functioning of legal vocabulary in the second volume of Marcel Proust’s novel “In Search of Lost Time” (“À la recherche du temps perdu”) “In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower” (“À l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs”). The current interest in the problem lies in the fact that, as far as we know, though Marcel Proust’s texts have been studied from different viewpoints, no research has been done on the author’s use of stylistic figures based on legal vocabulary. It would be reasonable to examine in detail how Marcel Proust resorts to the legal vocabulary from the point of view of stylistics at the end of the first and at the beginning of the second part of the second volume of his novel. What we are aiming at is revealing, classification, and stylistic analysis of such figures. We use the methods of semantic, linguistic and contextual analyses. We have verified the meaning of the legal terms under study in monolingual and bilingual dictionaries, in the general vocabulary Thesaurus as well as in the dictionaries of legal terms; we have consulted the Internet to check their usage in contemporary French. We have also found out, wherever it was possible, what other stylistic figures those based on legal vocabulary correlate to. Our analysis shows that Marcel Proust employs general legal vocabulary (“article de loi”, “compétence et juridiction”, “coutumier”, “police particulière”) as well as legal vocabulary from different branches of Law, namely Constitutional Law (“Chambre”), Criminal Law (“geôlier”, “prison”, “voleur”), International Law (“chef d’État pendant les toasts officiels”, “exterritorialité”) and Financial Law (“livre de comptes”, “avance”, “solde créditeur”, “débit”) in order to describe different domains of life (such as relations in high society, those among the bourgeoisie as well as relations between friends and those of a teenager in love). “Legal” similes and metaphors can be combined with those from other domains of life, particularly with stylistic figures referring to art (namely, one of La Fontaine’s fables), medicine and war. This narrative technique makes the author’s text more expressive. More detailed analysis of such figures, as well as the fact of establishing their textual connections within all Marcel Proust’s texts, will contribute to revealing the specificity of the author’s language and style.
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Dilay, Iryna. "HYPONYMY OF ENGLISH COGNITIVE VERBS." Naukovì zapiski Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu «Ostrozʹka akademìâ». Serìâ «Fìlologìâ» 1, no. 10(78) (February 27, 2020): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2519-2558-2020-10(78)-107-110.
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The paper provides the analysis of the hyponymic relations in terms of the onomasiological approach to the lexico-semantic fields and endocentric series. Lexicometric properties of the hyponymic relations of English cognitive verbs are studied based on WordNet Vocabulary Helper heuristic resource. It enables conducting the analysis in the direction from a hyperonym to its hyponyms, which echoes with the reconstruction of the conceptual structure. In this respect, further application and elaboration of the suggested methodology appears topical. Hyponymy of verbs is scarcely studied in linguistics. It has been observed that the nature of verbal hyponymy proves to be different from the nominal one, as verbal hyponymy, or troponymy after C. Fellbaum and G. Miller, is based on the manner of action relation between the lexemes. Thus, it requires special attention and novel methods and sources apart from traditional dictionaries. WordNet as a conceptual thesaurus and a large lexical database has been designed to assist multiple applications involving vocabulary as a system and is well applicable to the study of paradigmatic lexical relations. Among the advantages of the methodology based on WordNet is taking into consideration vast polysemy of the lexical items. It enables tracing narrowing of the categorial cognitive verbal meaning without getting sidetracked. As a result of this study, the ways of endocentric series modelling are suggested, the peculiarities of the verbal hyponymy are defined, the quotient of the hyponymy of English cognitive verbs is calculated, the cases of autohyponymy are identified, as well as the future prospects are delineated.
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Григорьева, Елена Яковлевна, and Наталья Андреевна Холдеева. "PRINCIPLES OF THE ORGANIZATION OF THE LEXICAL MATERIALWHEN USING INTERNET TERMS IN TEACHING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE." Вестник Тверского государственного университета. Серия: Педагогика и психология, no. 4(53) (December 21, 2020): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtpsyped/2020.4.132.
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Обосновано использование терминов интернета, связанных с ситуациями реальной коммуникации в процессе обучения иностранному языку в средней школе. Определены принципы организации лексического материала с использованием интернет-терминов при формировании лексической компетенции обучающихся иностранному (английскому) языку. Рассматривается возможность использования словарей тезаурусного типа, составленных на основе интернет-терминологии, для формирования лексических навыков учащихся. Предложены принципы отбора словообразовательного минимума и словообразовательных моделей, предлагается комплекс упражнений по обучению приемам узнавания и понимания сложных и производных слов в области интернета. Задачей обучения английскому языку с использованием отобранного лексического материала является усвоение учащимися связи семантических отношений лексических единиц в общеразговорном языке и их значений в специфической предметной области интернет-технологий. В статье приведены примеры лексических единиц - терминов интернет-лексики, которые обучающиеся используют в реальной коммуникации в разных контекстах. The article substantiates the use of Internet terms associated with situations of real communication in the process of teaching a foreign language in secondary school. The principles of organizing lexical material using Internet terms in the formation of the lexical competence of students in a foreign (English) language have been determined. The possibility of using dictionaries of the thesaurus type compiled on the basis of Internet terminology for the formation of lexical skills of students is considered. The article proposes the principles of selection of the word-formation minimum and word-formation models, a set of exercises for teaching the techniques of recognition and understanding of complex and derivative words in the field of the Internet. The task of teaching English using the selected lexical material is the assimilation by students of the connection between the semantic relations of lexical units in the general spoken language and their meanings in a specific subject area of Internet technologies. The article provides examples of lexical units - Internet vocabulary terms that students use in real communication in different contexts
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Taran, Alla. "Semantic ratio between terms in search for the iSybislaw system: grounds for forming equivalent classes." Terminological Bulletin, no. 5 (2019): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2019-5-14.
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The article analyzes the terminology of speech dynamics, in particular the semantic relation between the terms in the language of the search of the iSybislaw system: the names of the varieties of secondary nomination and semantic derivation. The specificity of semantic neologisms is that they express different types of derivative meanings, the development of which may occur primarily in a non-morphological way of word formation, which does not involve changing the form of the word. We classify semantic innovations as a new meaning in the semantics of an already existing word. Researchers of dynamic processes in lexicon, a new meaning of the present word, as a consequence of its semantic derivation, are distinguished as a kind of neologism. N. Z. Kottelova points to the existence of “neologisms-values” as emerging as a result of semantic derivations on the basis of metaphor and other transfers of nomination or verbal derivation, when the semantic neologism was formed morphologically. In modern linguistic literature there are different classifications of the types of semantic changes that cause the derivation of the meanings of verbal units. The formal-semantic relation between the terms for the meaning of semantic changes in the language of the keywords of the iSybislaw information retrieval system represents not only duplicity, but also more and more meaningful differences in such terms, the need for their aspect of the article. In our opinion, the specifics of semantic neologisms are that they express different types of derivative meanings, the development of which may occur primarily in a non-morphological way of word formation, which does not involve changing the form of the word. The varieties of semantic derivation are: metaphorical transfer, metonymy, expansion of meaning, narrowing, semantic shift (preservation of semantic volume). The expansion and narrowing of the nominating volume are closely related to the processes of termination and determinism. Semantic traces are considered as part of semantic neologisms formed by verbal derivation on the basis of a common form of known values with new borrowings. The results of semantic changes may also be the improvements (reclamation) and deterioration (pejorations) of values (along with its narrowing or expansion); gain, hyper-semantic value; desemation. Semantic processes include the processes of depoliticization and deideologization of certain groups of words. To display the semantic potential of vocabulary, it is extremely necessary not only to identify and describe the effects of semantic changes of different types, but also to unify the terminology of their designation, to develop a conceptual and methodical-procedural apparatus for their analysis, to determine the criteria for their normalization and codification for fixing in the Ukrainian dictionaries the register of new generation and future electronic thesaurus of Slavic linguistic terminology, the need for which is becoming increasingly clear to the developers of the iSybislaw system.
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Gantar, Polona. "Dictionary of Modern Slovene." Rasprave Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje 46, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.31724/rihjj.46.2.7.
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The ability to process language data has become fundamental to the development of technologies in various areas of human life in the digital world. The development of digitally readable linguistic resources, methods, and tools is, therefore, also a key challenge for the contemporary Slovene language. This challenge has been recognized in the Slovene language community both at the professional and state level and has been the subject of many activities over the past ten years, which will be presented in this paper. The idea of a comprehensive dictionary database covering all levels of linguistic description in modern Slovene, from the morphological and lexical levels to the syntactic level, has already formulated within the framework of the European Social Fund’s Communication in Slovene (2008-2013) project; the Slovene Lexical Database was also created within the framework of this project. Two goals were pursued in designing the Slovene Lexical Database (SLD): creating linguistic descriptions of Slovene intended for human users that would also be useful for the machine processing of Slovene. Ever since the construction of the first Slovene corpus, it has become evident that there is a need for a description of modern Slovene based on real language data, and that it is necessary to understand the needs of language users to create useful language reference works. It also became apparent that only the digital medium enables the comprehensiveness of language description and that the design of the database must be adapted to it from the start. Also, the description must follow best practices as closely as possible in terms of formats and international standards, as this enables the inclusion of Slovene into a wider network of resources, such as Open Linked Data, babelNet and ELExIS. Due to time pressures and trends in lexicography, procedures to automate the extraction of linguistic data from corpora and the inclusion of crowdsourcing into the lexicographic process were taken into consideration. Following the essential idea of creating an all-inclusive digital dictionary database for Slovene, a few independent databases have been created over the past two years: the Collocations Dictionary of Modern Slovene, and the automatically generated Thesaurus of Modern Slovene, both of which also exist as independent online dictionary portals. One of the novelties that we put forward together with both dictionaries is the ‘responsive dictionary’ concept, which includes crowdsourcing methods. Ultimately, the Digital Dictionary Database provides all (other) levels of linguistic description: the morphological level with the Sloleks database upgrade, the phraseological level with the construction of a multi-word expressions lexicon, and the syntactic level with the formalization of Slovene verb valency patterns. Each of these databases contains its specific language data that will ultimately be included in the comprehensive Slovene Digital Dictionary Database, which will represent basic linguistic descriptions of Slovene both for the human and machine user.
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Vitalaru, Bianca. "Análisis de Sistemas de Organización de Conocimiento para Futuros Traductores e Intérpretes del Ámbito Jurídico (Español-Rumano-Inglés)." FITISPos International Journal 4 (March 17, 2018): 102–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/fitispos-ij.2017.4.0.177.
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Resumen: En este artículo partimos de la escasez de recursos de documentación en español-rumano y la necesidad de complementar la formación de los alumnos en asignaturas de traducción e interpretación en el ámbito jurídico, que incluye, entre otros aspectos, la utilización de recursos terminológicos más tradicionales (diccionarios y glosarios), que pueden considerarse como repositorios de términos con entradas no relacionadas entre sí. Partiendo de sus posibles necesidades de documentación y de formación como futuros profesionales de este ámbito, nos centramos en la descripción de tres tipos de herramientas de organización de conocimiento, cuya aplicación a la docencia y a la documentación en la traducción es más novedosa: los mapas conceptuales, los tesauros y las ontologías. Hemos seguido dos fases de trabajo. En primer lugar, hemos ofrecido una clasificación de las herramientas terminológicas, más tradicionales, y hemos situado estas herramientas en la clasificación de herramientas de organización de conocimiento en función de su capacidad de relación y organización de conceptos. En segundo lugar, hemos analizado sus características principales, así como una serie de proyectos llevados a cabo y herramientas elaboradas en el ámbito jurídico a nivel internacional y en España en español, inglés y rumano, con el objetivo de darlos a conocer entre el alumnado de estas lenguas y concienciar sobre su nivel de aplicabilidad. Finalmente, hemos concluido destacando su aplicabilidad para la adquisición de conocimientos básicos que los traductores e intérpretes necesitan de otros campos profesionales (en este caso el jurídico) por su gran potencial de organización conceptual del contenido.Abstract: This article is based on the limited number of research tools in the Spanish-Romanian combination and on the students’ need to complement their training in translation and interpreting subjects in the legal field, which includes, among other aspects, the use of more traditional terminological resources (dictionaries and glossaries), which can be considered as repositories of terms with unrelated entries. Based on their possible documentation and training needs as future professionals in this field, this article focuses on the description of three types of knowledge organization tools, whose application to teaching and documentation in translation is more novel: concept map, thesaurus, and ontology. The analysis is based on two phases. First, we provided a classification of the most traditional terminological tools and we placed these tools in the classification of knowledge organization tools according to their capacity to relate and organize concepts. Secondly, we analyzed its main characteristics as well as several projects carried out and tools created in the legal field at international level and in Spain in Spanish, English, and Romanian, with the aim of presenting their potential to students of these languages and raise awareness on their level of applicability. Finally, we concluded by underlining its applicability for acquiring the basic knowledge that translators and interpreters need from other professional fields (in this case, the legal field) because of their great potential for the conceptual organization of content.
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T.V., Hromko. "MONOIDIOM IDEOGRAPHIC DICTIONARY: TYPOLOGICAL AND LEXICOGRAPHICAL PARAMETRIZATION." South archive (philological sciences), no. 85 (April 12, 2021): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-85-3.
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Purpose. The article considers methodological problems of mono-verbal ideographic dictionary as a separate lexicographic set of dialectal usus, built on the onomasiological principle, on the semantic relations of words from the concept to its lexical counterparts. By typology, ideographic and explanatory dictionaries are complementary, which determines the equipolent connection of the ideographic dictionary with the thesaurus of a separate language system. Methods. The monophonic ideographic dictionary proposed by the author offers a methodology for developing an ideographic dictionary of speech on a purely linguistic basis, in the direction “from the core to the periphery”, because the lexical structure of the idiom, in contrast to the common language, is narrowly accessible for speakers of the literary idiom and widely available for scientific interpretation of the lexicon of speech, and given the completeness of the presentation allows the use of quantitative methods. They ensure the objectivity of the obtained results and significantly reduce the time for their receipt and processing, which in the long run will provide objective results for further qualitative (qualitative) analysis – a monographic description of the language system of speech. Results. Monographic ideographic dictionary is a new type of dictionary – linguistic dialectological ideographic dictionary of scientific and linguodidactical purpose. Methodologically, its conclusion involves the stratification of vocabulary by functional, syntagmatic, paradigmatic and epidigmatic system parameters. Conclusions. Improving the method of parametric analysis for a one-word ideographic dictionary involves in the process of compiling the author of the “Ideographic Dictionary of the dialect of Pishchany Brid village of Dobrovelychkivsky district of Kirovohrad region” conducting various typological studies: continuing to collect natural dialect material, representation of the place of this lexical unit in its structure, etc., as well as ideographic lexicographic parameterization for component analysis of dialectal vocabulary, which will extrapolate the spoken material, and in the future will serve to solve a number of theoretical and practical problems of linguistics, and research will enter the linguistic picture of the world and give objective scientific results.Key words: dialectology, lexicography, monoidiom research, ideographic method, quantitative methods, qualitative analysis of vocabulary. Анотація.Мета. У статті розглядаються методологічні проблеми моноговіркового ідеографічного словника як окремого лексикографічного зводу діалектного узусу, побудованого за ономасіологічним принципом, за смисловими відношеннями слів від поняття до його лексичних відповідників. За типологією ідеографічні й тлумачні словники є взаємодоповню-вальними, що й визначає еквіполентний зв’язок ідеографічного словника з тезаурусом окремої мовної системи. Методи.Пропонований автором моноговірковий ідеографічний словник пропонує методологію розробки ідеографічного словника говірки за суто лінгвістичною основою, у напрямі «від ядра до периферії», оскільки лексичний склад ідіому, на відміну від загальномовного, є вузькодоступним для носіїв літературного ідіому і широкодоступним для наукової інтерпретації лексикону говірки, а з огляду на повноту представлення дозволяє використовувати квантитативні методи. Вони забезпечують об’єктивність отриманих результатів і значно скорочують час на їх отримання і обробку, що у перспективі дасть об’єктивні результати для подальшого квалітативного (якісного) аналізу – монографічного опису мовної системи говірки. Результати. Моноговірковий ідеографічний словник є новим типом словника – лінгвістичним діалектологічним ідеографічним словником наукового та лінгводидактичного призначення. Методологічно його укладання передбачає стратифікацію лексики за функціональним, синтагматичним, парадигматичним й епідигматичним системними параметрами. Висновки. Удосконалення методу параметричного аналізу для моноговіркового ідеографічного словника передбачає у процесі укладан-ня автором «Ідеографічного словника говірки села Піщаний Брід Добровеличківського району Кіровоградської області» проведення різного роду типологічних досліджень: продовження збирання польового діалектного матеріалу, проведення квалітативного аналізу лексики на предмет ядра й периферії мовної системи, наочного представлення того, яке місце посідає така лексична одиниця в його структурі тощо, а також ідеографічної лексикографічної параметризації для проведення компонентного аналізу діалектної лексики, що екстраполюватиме говірковий матеріал, а в перспективі прислужиться для вирішення низки теоретичних і практичних завдань лінгвістики, і проведені за ним дослідження увіллються в мовну картину світу та дадуть об’єктивні наукові результати.Ключові слова: діалектологія, лексикографія, моноговіркові дослідження, ідеографічний метод, квантитативний метод, квалітативний аналіз лексики.
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Mirzakhani, Kobra, Abbas Ebadi, Farhad Faridhosseini, and Talaat Khadivzadeh. "Well-being in high-risk pregnancy: an integrative review." BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 20, no. 1 (September 11, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12884-020-03190-6.
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Abstract Background A prerequisite to the interventions for well-being improvement in high-risk pregnancy (HRP) is to make the concept clear, objective, and measurable. Despite the wealth of studies into the concept of well-being in HRP, there is no clear definition for it. This study aimed to explore the concept of well-being in HRP. Methods This integrative review was conducted using the Whittemore and Knafl’s approach. A literature search was done without any data limitation in dictionaries, thesauruses, encyclopedias, well-being-related textbooks, midwifery, psychology, and mental health journals, and Iranian and international databases. The most primary inclusion criterion was relevance to well-being in HRP. The full-texts of all these articles were assessed using the checklists of the Joanna Briggs Institute. Data were analyzed through the constant comparison method and were managed using the MAXQDA 10 software. Meaning units were identified and coded. The codes were grouped into subcategories and categories according to the attributes, antecedents, and consequences of well-being in HRP. Results Thirty articles were included in the review, from which 540 codes were extracted. The codes were grouped into seven main attributes, eight main antecedents, and five main consequences of well-being in HRP. The four unique dimensions of well-being in HRP are physical, mental-emotional, social, and spiritual well-being. These dimensions differentiate well-being in HRP from well-being in low-risk pregnancy and in non-pregnancy conditions. Conclusion As a complex and multidimensional concept, well-being in HRP refers to the pregnant woman’s evaluation of her life during HRP. It includes physical, hedonic, and eudaimonic components. The assessment of well-being in HRP should include all these components.
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"The Active Learner’s Construction-Combinatory Thesaurus: user-driven principles of compiling (a cognitive linguistic approach)." Cognition, Communication, Discourse, no. 21 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2218-2926-2020-21-07.
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This article discusses the design of a new type of dictionaries, the Active Learner’s Construction-Combinatory Thesaurus (ALCCT) intended for adult learners of the second (foreign) language. The ALCCT is an ideographic dictionary where phrases, understood as instantiations of constructions, are arranged in accordance with the cognitive ontology of a particular conceptual thematic field. As such, the ALCCT is a project compatible with cognitive lexicography, a contemporary branch of dictionary-making that adopts the findings of cognitive science, cognitive linguistics in particular. The article proposes a cognitive profile of the dictionary’s target user, and makes it a departure point in elaborating the principles of compiling the ALCCT. They are defined as the principles of data selection, arrangement, and application. Data selection regards their thematic and formal coherence, their authenticity, and their prominence, or frequency. Data arrangement implies their relational coherence, and their elaboration. Relational coherence is realized through the lexicographic code, or the dictionary’s overall design that develops at three hierarchical levels: those of macrostructure (a conceptual ontology of the theme), mediostructure (the key words evolving into phrasal sets), and microstructure (description of phrasal lemmas). Elaboration of the data is provided via the overarching structure mapped onto the three hierarchical structures of the lexicographic code, and concerned with etymological, cultural, grammatical, and phraseological (metaphorical) extensions. Data application reaches out to the communicative situations in which the ALCCT’s resources can be used.
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Gapsa, Magdalena. "Słowniki w dobie digitalizacji na przykładzie Słownika wyrazów bliskoznacznych współczesnego języka słoweńskiego (Slovar sopomenk sodobne slovenščine)." Adeptus, no. 16 (December 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/a.2227.
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Dictionaries in the Age of Digitisation: An Example of the Thesaurus of Modern Slovene (Slovar sopomenk sodobne slovenščine)The digital revolution enables publishing dictionaries in a digital version, which significantly facilitates access to them by their users, who are no longer mere recipients of the content: their potential is viewed as useful in (co-)editing dictionaries. These changes also enable the introduction of new solutions to improve editorial work. One case in point is the Thesaurus of Modern Slovene (Slovar sopomenk sodobne slovenščine) – the first responsive dictionary, generated mostly automatically based on available language data, which responds both to language changes as well as to the habits and needs of its users. Their opinions and proposals have become integral part of its concept through crowdsourcing. Słowniki w dobie digitalizacji na przykładzie Słownika wyrazów bliskoznacznych współczesnego języka słoweńskiego (Slovar sopomenk sodobne slovenščine)Rewolucja cyfrowa umożliwia udostępnianie słowników w wersji cyfrowej, co znacząco ułatwia dostęp do nich użytkownikom, którzy nie są już tylko odbiorcami treści, ale dostrzega się także ich potencjał przy (współ)redagowaniu słowników. Dzięki niej możliwe jest także wprowadzanie nowych rozwiązań usprawniających prace redakcyjne. Jednym z przykładów jest słoweński Słownik wyrazów bliskoznacznych współczesnego języka słoweńskiego (Slovar sopomenk sodobne slovenščine) – pierwszy słownik reagujący, wygenerowany w większości automatycznie na podstawie dostępnych danych językowych, który reaguje zarówno na zachodzące w języku zmiany, jak i zwyczaje i potrzeby jego użytkowników, których opinie i propozycje stały się jego integralną częścią dzięki zastosowaniu crowdsourcingu.
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Quasthoff, Uwe. "Korpusbasierte Wörterbucharbeit mit den Daten des Projekts Deutscher Wortschatz." Linguistik Online 39, no. 3 (July 1, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.39.484.
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The corpus project Deutscher Wortschatz (German Vocabulary) at Leipzig University is collecting and processing textual data for 15 years. It now consists of approx. 2 billion running words in 160 million sentences. The dictionary is online available at www.wortschatz.uni-leipzig.de and, moreover, contains word co-occurrence data. The pre-processing of the data used mainly language independent methods and were used for corpora in other languages, too. The paper describes the production process for three dictionaries for which these corpus data were used: a thesaurus, a dictionary of neologisms, and a collocation dictionary. In all cases, the raw data for the dictionary entries were produced automatically, and the final entries were written only using these pre-selections. In the case of the thesaurus, the preprocessing consisted in a corpus based detection of semantically similar words. For the neologism dictionary the yearly frequency information were used and for the collocation dictionary, word co-occurrences and part of speech information were combined.
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SAK, A. N., and E. V. BESSONOVA. "COMPARISON OF PARSING METHODS FOR THE ANALISYS OF A NATURAL LANGUAGE SENTENCE." BALTIC HUMANITARIAN JOURNAL 10, no. 34 (February 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.26140/bgz3-2021-1001-0089.
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When constructing machine translation systems, an important task is to represent data using graphs, where words act as vertices, and relations between words in a sentence act as edges. One of these tasks at the first stage of the analysis is the classification of words as parts of speech, and at the next stage of the analysis to determine the belonging of words to the sentence members’ classes. The article discusses methods of parsing both on the basis of rules determined in advance by means of traditional object-oriented programming, and on the basis of analysis by means of graph convolutional neural networks with their subsequent training. Online dictionaries act as a thesaurus.
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Coleman, J. "Book Review: "English Dictionaries 800–1700: The Topical Tradition" And "A History of Roget's Thesaurus: Origins, Development, and Design."." Lexikos 16, no. 1 (February 19, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/lex.v16i1.51510.
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Tao, Shiqiang, Ningzhou Zeng, Isaac Hands, Joseph Hurt-Mueller, Eric B. Durbin, Licong Cui, and Guo-Qiang Zhang. "Web-based interactive mapping from data dictionaries to ontologies, with an application to cancer registry." BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 20, S10 (December 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12911-020-01288-7.
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Abstract Background The Kentucky Cancer Registry (KCR) is a central cancer registry for the state of Kentucky that receives data about incident cancer cases from all healthcare facilities in the state within 6 months of diagnosis. Similar to all other U.S. and Canadian cancer registries, KCR uses a data dictionary provided by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) for standardized data entry. The NAACCR data dictionary is not an ontological system. Mapping between the NAACCR data dictionary and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Thesaurus (NCIt) will facilitate the enrichment, dissemination and utilization of cancer registry data. We introduce a web-based system, called Interactive Mapping Interface (IMI), for creating mappings from data dictionaries to ontologies, in particular from NAACCR to NCIt. Method IMI has been designed as a general approach with three components: (1) ontology library; (2) mapping interface; and (3) recommendation engine. The ontology library provides a list of ontologies as targets for building mappings. The mapping interface consists of six modules: project management, mapping dashboard, access control, logs and comments, hierarchical visualization, and result review and export. The built-in recommendation engine automatically identifies a list of candidate concepts to facilitate the mapping process. Results We report the architecture design and interface features of IMI. To validate our approach, we implemented an IMI prototype and pilot-tested features using the IMI interface to map a sample set of NAACCR data elements to NCIt concepts. 47 out of 301 NAACCR data elements have been mapped to NCIt concepts. Five branches of hierarchical tree have been identified from these mapped concepts for visual inspection. Conclusions IMI provides an interactive, web-based interface for building mappings from data dictionaries to ontologies. Although our pilot-testing scope is limited, our results demonstrate feasibility using IMI for semantic enrichment of cancer registry data by mapping NAACCR data elements to NCIt concepts.