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Ștefănescu, Maria, and Mircea Minică. "Some remarks on the lexicographical entry for ierodiacon." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 50, no. 4 (2023): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2023.50.4.1.
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In the present study, we aim to provide a critical analysis of the treatment of the word ierodiacon (hierodeacon) in several Romanian dictionaries. Following the investigation of a substantial number of documents, we also intend to show that there was a period in the history of the Romanian language in which a neutralization of the semantic opposition “married deacon (diacon de mir)” / ”monk deacon (diacon călugăr)” took place in some contexts, the term ierodiacon being used for both meanings. This phenomenon was not recorded in the historical dictionary of the Romanian language (relevant for the example under discussion being the old series, DA, coordinated by S. Pușcariu) nor in any other Romanian dictionary that we are aware of. At the end of the study we intend to add some theoretical reflections on the semantic evolution of ierodiacon, also referring to the way in which the entry for this term could be structured in the historical dictionary of the Romanian language.
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Mioara, DRAGOMIR. "PRÉFIXES, ÉLÉMENTS DE COMPOSITION, L'INCIPIT DE CERTAINS MOTS DANS LE DICTIONNAIRE DE LA LANGUE ROUMAINE – AN-CIENNE SÉRIE (DA) (VOLUMES A ET B). PRÉSENTATION, ANALYSE ET MANIÈRE D'OPÉRER DANS LE CORPUS LEXICOGRAPHIQUE ROUMAIN ÉLECTRONIQUE (CLRE)." Limbaj si context / Speech and Context International Journal of Linguistics, Semiotics and Literary Science 26, no. 13 (2023): 15–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7605414.
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<em>This paper presents a situation of lexical fragments from the beginning of some words, as they are registered in the “Dictionary of the Romanian Language” old series (DA) (vol. A and B) and a classification of them into categories, tries to explain why they were analyzed in separate articles or entries in the DA and shows how they were marked in the CLRE interface. It also presents short references, through comparisons, to the situation in the new series of the “Dictionary of the Romanian Language”. Thus, in addition to the “whole” words registered in the “Dictionary of the Romanian Language”, the old series, there are also word segments that, in some situations, participate in word formation, and, in others, signal variants of some words of which they are part. These are prefixes, compositional elements and - as we call them in this paper - word beginnings, each of these categories of word segments being included in the Dictionary with a certain purpose. For the moment, out of the three categories of word segments presented before, only the prefixes were noted in the “Romanian Electronic Lexicographic Corpus” (CLRE) in order to follow exactly the rule that the electronic version must be of anastatic type in addition to the printed one, and in within it, only next to some of the prefixes (where they also appear in the printed book) the category was specified before the presentation in the article.</em>
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Dragomir, Mioara. ""Contribuții lexicale la Dicţionarul limbii române și la Dicționarul etimologic al limbii române, redactate sub egida Academiei Române – ms. 3517 BAR: Nicolae Milescu Spătarul, Hronograf den începutul lumii. O samă de învățături (cca 1658–1661) (Litera C, cliric – cuvântător)"." Anuar de lingvistică şi istorie literară 64, no. 2024 (2024): 7–34. https://doi.org/10.59277/alil.2024.01.
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"We are continuing our previous presentation related to the analysis of ms. 3517, Chronograph from the Beginning of the World (f. 1r–f. 592r) and Sundry Teachings (f. 592v–f. 608v). From one point of view or another, these manuscripts are relevant to the Romanian Academy’s dictionaries, namely The Dictionary of the Romanian Language, Old Series (DA) and The Etymological Dictionary of the Romanian Language (DELR). We have dated these translations between 1658 and 1661. In our hypothesis, the aforementioned manuscripts were translated by Nicolae Milescu Spătarul, a learned nobleman from Moldavia. This analysis of words starting with the letter C adds 124 new terms. Some of these words are rare attestations, others are first attestations compared to those presented in the DA, while some of the words we present here have no attestations from the old period in the DA. Furthermore, the present series includes variant meanings not recorded in the DA. Among the words we have presented there are some polysemantic words or entire word families, which, once again, show the lexical richness of the Chronograph from the Beginning of the World and the Sundry Teachings text. Moreover, the two texts contain more or less-known contextual borrowings."
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Dragomir, Mioara. "Rarităţi lexicale în Hronograf den începutul lumii (ms. 3517 cca 1658–1661) – analiză în vederea lucrului la Dicţionarul limbii române şi la Dicţionarul etimologic al limbii române, redactate sub egida Academiei Române (Litera C, capăt–chizăşie)." Anuar de lingvistică şi istorie literară 63, no. 2023 (2023): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/alil.2023.01.
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Our list of lexemes that start with C which we extracted from the Chronicle from the Beginning of the World, manuscript no. 3517, comprises around 300 items in total, more than those with A (130 lexemes) and B (108 lexemes) that we have previously analysed. Due to the large volume of our research, we decided to divide the list into two parts. Thus, in the first part of this paper, we are analysing 104 lexemes. Some of these lexemes have been described in our book on the lexis of the Chronicle (Dragomir 2017), in the chapters on words of different origins, on derivation or in connection with other issues related to the lexis, but with no reference to the lexicographical situation in DA and DELR, as we make here, resuming the information presented in the book. These lexemes were selected from the text of The Chronograph on the same grounds we specified in the analysis of the words that begin with the letters A and B and the first part of the letter C and can be used in the compiling of the two academic dictionaries, especially since the second edition of The Romanian Language Dictionary is in progress. Currently, the letters A and B are being edited at the Department of Lexicography of the “Iorgu Iordan – Alexandru Rosetti” Institute of Linguistics from Bucharest, and the letter C is being edited at the Department of Lexicology and Lexicography of the “Alexandru Philippide” Institute of Romanian Philology from Iași.
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Vrabie, Emil, Leon Levitchi, and Andrei Bantas. "English-Romanian Dictionary." Modern Language Journal 71, no. 2 (1987): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/327250.
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Sala, Marius. "The Dictionary of the Romanian Language." Romance Philology 62, no. 2 (2008): 185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rph.3.5.
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Busuioc, Monica. "Îndrumări pentru folosirea dicționarului." Limba română 2023, no. 3-4 (2024): 327–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/lr.2023.3-4.01.
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The article stems from the conclusion that in the first fascicle of the second edition of the Romanian Language Dictionary published in 2021, there is no chapter regarding any Guidelines for using dictionary, as it was the case in the first edition, as well as in other dictionaries published under the aegis of the Romanian Academy. To point out the importance and need of publishing such a chapter, there is a short history about the manner in which the indications and explanations referring to the structure of the dictionary items were worded and designated, as well as about the significance of conventional and special signs used in the four drafts of the Romanian Language Dictionary as well as in other dictionaries published by the Institute of Linguistics of Bucharest. Further on, the article presents in detail what the chapter about Guidelines for using dictionary from the new edition of the Romanian Language Dictionary should include, a chapter that must be published to make up for its absence.
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Crețu, Ioana-Narcisa. "Observation Concerning the Romanian Language and the New Ortho-graphic Dictionary (DOOM)." SAECULUM 55, no. 1 (2023): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/saec-2023-0008.
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Abstract This paper considers the principles of writing the Romanian language in relation with the new orthographic dictionary. Phonetic, morphological, syntactical and etymological aspects led to the establishment of a system of rules in the Romanian writing language that can be easily learned and applied. Last year appeared the third edition of the orthographic dictionary regulating current writing. The Orthographic, Orthoepic and Morphological Dictionary of the Romanian Language (DOOM) adapts the writing of Romanian to current requirements, even if some double variants and also linguistic uncertainties are still present. The frequency of errors in today‘s press shows that publishers and journalists show a lack of professionalism, promoting media products of questionable quality, as well as the lack of trust in such valid tools that can improve correct writing.
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Zsemlyei, Borbála. "Crossing Language Borders – as Shown by the Historical Dictionary of the Hungarian Language in Transylvania." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica 9, no. 3 (2017): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ausp-2017-0024.
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Abstract Transylvania has always been a space of multiculturalism, which is reflected in the fact that the Hungarian regional standard contains more Romanian and German elements than the central standard. And that is not only peculiar to the present state of the language, but it is a historical phenomenon. During the process of editing the Historical Dictionary of the Hungarian Language in Transylvania, Attila Szabó T. and his co-workers realized that the language material gathered from Transylvanian archives contains a number of Hungarian words of Romanian origin that the literature has no knowledge of. Thus came the idea of a smaller dictionary which would present the Romanian loan words of Hungarian spoken in Transylvania in the period of the 16th–19th centuries. By the mid-1980s, the editorial work was finalized; however, it has never been published – the material is kept at the Department of Hungarian and General Linguistics, Babeş–Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca. In my paper, I will attempt to present the words of Romanian origin listed in the Historical Dictionary of the Hungarian Language in Transylvania, which the general literature of loan words has no knowledge of in the context of crossing borders, in the sense that neighbouring languages always have a huge impact on each other even if they are completely different genetically.
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CHIRICU, IULIANA. "Sincronic vs diacronic în DOOM3 (2021) și DELR2 I (Litera A, 2021)." Studii și cercetări lingvistice 2024, no. 2 (2025): 263–82. https://doi.org/10.59277/scl.2024.2.07.
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SYNCHRONIC VS DIACHRONIC IN DOOM3 (2021) AND DELR2 I (LETTER A, 2021) Abstract This article contains a comparison between the new series of the normative dictionary – DOOM3 – and the etymological dictionary of the Romanian language – DELR2 I, both published with the support of the Romanian Academy. The analysis follows the basic structure of our previous comparison (Chiricu 2018) between the older editions − DOOM2 and DELR I − and presents the various differences concerning the entries in the two works. Our conclusions sustain the idea of a unified lexicological and lexicographical vision in the Romanian linguistics, that finds the balance between the synchronic and the diachronic perspective on language.
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Leon, Crina. "A life dedicated to Romanian language. Interview with professor Arne Halvorsen." Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 6, no. 1 (2014): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v6i1_13.
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Professor Arne Halvorsen (1939-2014) was and remains a central figure when referring to Romanian-Norwegian cultural relations. In 2010 he was awarded the Order of Cultural Merit, in the rank of Commander, by the President of Romania, for his “exceptional contribution to promoting Romanian culture and language as well as Romania’s image in the Kingdom of Norway”. Due to his efforts, a Romanian language lectureship was established at the University of Trondheim (NTNU) in the period 2008-2011. Moreover, he wrote the first Romanian-Norwegian Dictionary (2001) and the first Romanian grammar in Norwegian (2012) – photos below.
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Popușoi, Carolina. "La terminologie gastronomique d’origine slave en roumain." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 69, no. 1 (2024): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2024.1.10.
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Gastronomic Terminology of Slavic Origin in Romanian. This article aims to discuss some aspects concerning the gastronomic terminology of Slavic origin (from Old Slavic, Bulgarian, Ukrainian, Russian, Belarusian, Serbian, Polish), which penetrated into Romanian at different sociocultural stages. Our analysis takes as a basis the specialized lexicon excerpted in Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române (DEX) (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language”), Micul dicționar academic (MDA) (“The Little Academic Dictionary”), as well as the words excepted on the Internet (this type of lexicon being nowadays an unrivaled source of enrichment of a language with the borrowings from other languages). The terminological elements discussed here are grouped into two categories, according to the period of their penetration into the language, their methods of penetration, but also according to the place they currently occupy in specialized works (notably in dictionaries, scientific works). The novelty of this research consists above all in the identification and study of Slavic gastronomic borrowings recently penetrated into Romanian. Keywords: terminology, gastronomy, linguistic contact, borrowing, Slavism.
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Domokos, József, and Zsolt Attila Szakács. "Web Application for Romanian Language Phonetic Transcription." MACRo 2015 2, no. 1 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/macro-2017-0001.
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AbstractThis paper presents a Romanian language phonetic transcription web service and application built using Java technologies, on the top of the Phonetisaurus G2P, a Word Finite State Transducer (WFST)-driven Grapheme-to-Phoneme Conversion toolkit.We used NaviRO Romanian language pronunciation dictionary for WFST model training, and MIT Language Modeling (MITLM) toolkit to estimate the needed joint sequence n-gram language model.Dictionary evaluation tests are also included in the paper.The service can be accessed for educational, research and other non-commercial usage at http://users.utcluj.ro/~jdomokos/naviro/.
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Domokos, József, Ovidiu Buza, and Gavril Toderean. "Romanian phonetic transcription dictionary for speeding up language technology development." Language Resources and Evaluation 49, no. 2 (2014): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10579-013-9262-z.
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Mioara, Dragomir. "An Essential Characteristic of the Derivation System from the Language of Metropolitan Dosoftei's Texts - Consequence of the Spiritual Basis of the Moldavian Scholar." Speech and Context 2-2014, no. 7 (2017): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.495125.
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Derivatives with affixes from a Latin or a Greek neologism (typical of the old period of Romanian) are one of the features of the literary language of Metropolitan Dosoftei’s work that can be rarely found in this period, however, they can be found, to some extent, in Cantemir’s work, according to the Thesaurus Dictionary of the Romanian Language. Adopting and applying a useful concept from A. Philippide–G. Ivănescu’s doctrine in philology and linguistics, we believe that Dosoftei’s characteristic literary language is determined by features of his psychological/spiritual basis.
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Mioara, Dragomir. "An Essential Characteristic of the Derivation System from the Language of Metropolitan Dosoftei's Texts - Consequence of the Spiritual Basis of the Moldavian Scholar." Limbaj si context / Speech and Context 2(VI)2014, no. 6 (2017): 63–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.802777.
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Derivatives with affixes from a Latin or a Greek neologism (typical of the old period of Romanian) are one of the features of the literary language of Metropolitan Dosoftei’s work that can be rarely found in this period, however, they can be found, to some extent, in Cantemir’s work, according to the Thesaurus Dictionary of the Romanian Language. Adopting and applying a useful concept from A. Philippide–G. Ivănescu’s doctrine in philology and linguistics, we believe that Dosoftei’s characteristic literary language is determined by features of his psychological/spiritual basis.
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Savin, Angela. "Phraseologisms with Indigenous Motifs in the Motivational Phraseological Dictionary." Intertext, no. 1(63) (2024): 25–31. https://doi.org/10.54481/intertext.2024.1.02.
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The problem of the motivation of the linguistic sign is more and more in sight of European linguistics, in the direction of even creating a new discipline, motivational linguistics. In the Motivational Phraseological Dictionary, Chisinau, 2023, whose author is the undersigned, it is proposed to conceive the genesis of stable polylexical units by indicating the type of motivation - the extralinguistic one, as well as by the aspect of their origin, they being indigenous and general. Stable expressions of foreign origin are considered general to a large number of languages. The other stable polylexical units are to be regarded as indigenous, having their origin in Romanian, even if they have correspondences in other languages. Their similarity in the third languages can be explained by several reasons. At their emergence, stable polylexical units were originally denominative, motivated language units, where they denoted definite facts in the surrounding world, or connotative, motivated units, where the speaker expressed an attitude towards a certain fact in life. Along the way, as language and society have evolved, some motivated phraseological units have also remained motivated, their components or one of them retaining their meaning. The explanation lies in the fact that only these language units can name certain realities: certain lexical and grammatical values, elimination of ambiguity, etc. The present article will focus on some components of the given phraseologisms expressing some Romanian indigenous symbols and motifs, as they are part of the linguoculture of the Romanian people.
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Focșeneanu, Anca. "Words of Japanese origin in Romanian dictionaries of recent words." Bucharest Working Papers in Linguistics 25, no. 1 (2023): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31178/bwpl.25.1.2.
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In this study, we discuss the status and features of the words of Japanese origin in Romanian, based on Romanian dictionaries of neologisms and recent words. Several studies on different types of dictionaries of European languages show that, in recent decades, most borrowings into Western languages from a language outside the Western cultural space come from Japanese. A careful analysis demonstrates that this tendency can be also identified in the recent lexical dynamics of the Romanian language. First, we outline the context and objectives of the paper and discuss some terminological issues. This is followed by a short historical background and a presentation of the Romanian dictionaries used to collect the corpus. Quantitative information is provided regarding the data from each dictionary. Finally, we proceed to a qualitative analysis of the data.
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Bâgiu, Lucian Vasile, and Paraschiva Bâgiu. "The Indo-European Voice of Barbarians." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 1, no. 1 (2018): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v1i1.17255.
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In our essay we shall focus on the analyses (cum grano salis) of a limited number of words from the introductory pages of the novel Barbarians (such as gorgan, grui, crap, fală, sfadă, etc.). Here, more than elsewhere the author makes use of a good amount of rather strange words in his stylistic attempt to conceive the realm of the Dacians. We shall make an analysis of the etymology of these rather uncommon words as designated in Vinereanu's Etymological Dictionary of Romanian Language (2008) (unlike the traditional Romanian dictionaries, a different vision). From the (probable) linguistic discrepancies and stylistic preferences, findings will be drawn and novelties will be suggested, concerned with Romanian language and culture.
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Plesca, Ecaterina. "Substrate Words Examined from the Perspective of Linguistic Geography (III)." Philologia, no. 2(320) (August 2023): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/1857-4300.2023.2(320).05.
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In this article we have proposed to present results of the research of the layer of autochthonous words from the Romanian language, namely the letter C (căciulă – ciucă). It is about research from the perspective of the linguistic geography of the substrate words căciulă, călbează/gălbează, căpuşă, cătun, ceafă, cioară, cioc, ciucă in the Romanian language spoken east of the Prut, according to the data provided by linguistic atlases (ALM, ALRR. Bas., ADCC/ОКДА), dialect texts, the dialectological archive/Dialectal dictionary, etc., elaborated by researchers from Chisinau. The identification of native words from the Romanian-speaking area in the east of the Prut with those from the vocabulary of the Daco-Romanian dialects on the right of the Prut, but also with those from the southern dialects – Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, IstroRomanian – allow us to note some similarities regarding their character as preservers of old elements in the lexical field.
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CHIVU, Gheorghe. "LEXICONUL DE LA BUDA. SINTEZĂ ȘI INOVAȚIE LEXICOGRAFICĂ." Studii și cercetări de onomastică și lexicologie 28, no. 1-2 (2022): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/scol.2021.1-2.13.
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"The Romanian-Latin-Hungarian-German Lexicon, printed in Buda, in 1825, is the last and most important of the normative works written by the intellectuals of the Transylvanian School. Considered the first explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language, the lexicon includes, along with orthographic, orthoepic, morphological, lexical norms and etymological information, a special innovation, taken from the scientific lexicography of the time: identifying plants by their scientific name established by Carl von Linnaeus."
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Ciutacu, Sorin. "Language purism in the mirror. William Barnes and August Treboniu Laurian." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 6, no. 1 (2023): 216–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v6i1.25003.
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The article sets out to draw a very brief comparison of the common features shared by the purist attitudes displayed by two 19th-century English and Romanian scholars, William Barnes and August Treboniu Laurian and classifies them according to the set of criteria devised by Thomas (1991). The paper also goes over several concepts regarding purism. The author of the paper analyses the concept of purism in both countries within the intellectual and temporal dimensions of purism. William Barnes was a Victorian reformer, a polymath, a priest, a poet in his Dorset dialect and a utopian prescriptivist linguist capitalizing on the Germanic word stock of English and suggesting the removal of excessive Latin & Greek vocabulary. He wrote several linguistic books and poetry. August Treboniu Laurian was an outstanding Romanian reformer and polymath. He penned a theoretical book heralding his reformist belief: “Tentamen Criticum”, in 1840 and a huge Dictionary of the Romanian language in 1876 (after a seven year work) capitalising on the Latin word stock of Romanian and suggesting the removal of non-Latin lexemes.
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Șanta (Câmpean), Gabriela-Corina. "Concepts of health, illness, life, and death in Romanian and English proverbs." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 14, no. 2 (2021): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2021.14.2.7.
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The aim of this article is to compare and contrast proverbs dealing with the antagonistic concepts of HEALTH, ILLNESS, LIFE and DEATH in Romanian and English proverbs from the cognitive linguistics perspective. Therefore, the proverbs are analysed in order to unveil similarities and difference in the Romanian and English cultures on the concepts under scrutiny to detect the cultural standpoints regarding the four concepts. Furthermore, the proverbs will be clustered into conceptual metaphors so as to reveal interconnections among concepts. The corpus is made up of fifteen Romanian and English proverbs dealing with the concepts of HEALTH, ILLNESS, LIFE and DEATH that are retrieved from both monolingual and bilingual dictionaries of proverbs. Thus, the primary sources are monolingual and bilingual dictionaries: Oxford dictionary of proverbs, Dicționar de proverbe și zicători românești, and a bilingual dictionary compiled by Virgil Lefter, entitled Dicționar de proverb englez-român și român-englez. The method chosen to detect the metaphors within the proverbs is a combination of the one offered by the Pragglejaz Group and Charteris-Black’s, whilst the conceptualisation technique is based on Lakoff and Johnson’s approach. The interconnections among the eight identified conceptual metaphors are arranged in spidergrams and the results prove that there are both similarities and differences between the Romanian and English cultures according to the manner they are reflected in proverbs. I examined the proverbs and conceptualised the metaphors and it resulted that 1) LIFE and DEATH are connected to each other; 2) LIFE and DEATH are related to both common or opposite concepts; 3) the differences in translation occurred mainly because of the symbols characteristic to the Romanian and English culture and the environment in which people live; 4) the specific musicality and structure of the proverbs play an important role in their translation.
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Bosnjakovic, Zarko, and Mihaj Radan. "All researches conducted so far the influence of the Romanian language on the lexicon of the Serbian vernaculars in the Romanian Banat." Juznoslovenski filolog, no. 66 (2010): 135–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jfi1066135b.
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The authors present the synthetic review of literature about the Serbian vernaculars in Romania with the special emphasis on the lexical interference with the Romanian language and its Banat dialect. The paper also points to the semantic fields in which foreign lexemes apper, as well to the periods of their incorporation in the Serbian vernaculars. A special aspect of the analysis represents a status of foreign lexical items in the idiolect. At the end, the autors plead for the elaboration of the contactological Romanian-Serbian dictionary.
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Haldenwang, Sigrid. "Das Substantiv Pomānǝ, die damit belegten Wortbildungskonstruktionen und das Verb pomenin in den siebenbürgisch-sächsischen Mundarten." Germanistische Beiträge 48, no. 1 (2022): 243–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gb-2022-0014.
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Abstract The present article initially covers the meaning of Pomānǝ, a noun loaned from the Romanian language into certain idioms and collocations of the Transylvanin-Saxon vernacular. It goes on to cover this loan word‘s constructions documented in the North-Transylvanian craft vocabulary, mainly hybrid formations, including their meaning and their type of word formation. The verb pomenin loaned from the Romanian language into the Transylvanian-Saxon vernacular is presented in its transitive, intransitive as well as reflexive usage in meaningful vernacular records and outlines its morphological integration into the Transylvanin-Saxon language. Both loan words come with etymological explanations. The vernacular records are taken from South Transylvanian and North Transylvanian specialist and vernacular literature as well as from the Transylvanian-Saxon Dictionary.
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ILIEVA, LILIA. "ЕДНА ИЗВАДКА ОТ ЛЕКСИКОГРАФСКИ ТРУД НА БЪЛГАРИНА ФРАНЦИСК (ФРАНКО) СОИМИРОВИЧ, ОТПЕЧАТАНА ЗА ПЪРВИ ПЪТ ПРЕЗ 1666 Г. / AN EXCERPT FROM A LEXICOGRAPHIC WORK BY BULGARIAN-BORN FRANCISCUS (FRANKO) SOIMIROVICH FIRST PRINTED IN 1666". Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, PR (2021): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.pr.16.
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The article is the first study in Bulgarian linguistics to make known the fact that the Bulgarian-born Franciscan brother Franciscus Soimirovich compiled a Valachica-Latina dictionary, a fragment of which was first published in 1666, and reprinted several times since. This was the first published dictionary of the Romanian language. The work of Franciscus Soimirovich is a contribution to the history of Bulgarian lexicography as well as to comparative linguistics. I hope that the full text of the dictionary compiled for the needs of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith will be found. Keywords: Bulgarian Catholics, seventeenth century, Bulgarian lexicography, comparative linguistics
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Busuioc, Monica. "DEX - Istorie și continuitate (II)." Limba română 2023, no. 1 (2023): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/lr.2023.1.01.
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This article presents a documented and thorough overview of Dicționarul explicativ al limbii române (The Explanatory Dictionary of the Romanian Language), better known by the abbreviation DEX, representing the most popular and used one-volume dictionary, published by “Iorgu Iordan — Al. Rosetti” Institute of Linguistics of the Romanian Academy of Bucharest. With a history of more than half a century, DEX has had successive publications and print runs that have enriched its quality and scientific prestige. The article focuses on the review and description of the latest version from 2019, the fruit of the joint efforts of the Institute of Linguistics and Oxford University Press under a licence agreement that contributed to the update of the information contained in DEX. The 2019 version captures the three types of updates (additions, deletions, changes/corrections), according to the provisions of the agreement.
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Crețu, Ioana. "Is the mass-media guilty for so many English loanwords in Romanian?" SAECULUM 58, no. 2 (2024): 52–58. https://doi.org/10.2478/saec-2024-0017.
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Abstract Words like fake news, like, face to face, feeling, start-up, take away, hairstylist, low cost and others are among the 3,600 new entries in the Romanian language dictionary (DOOM3) published in 2022. Most of the borrowings can be found in technical language, while others are used in media language or in colloquial language. It is discussed whether the anglicisms in lexicographical works nowadays. While the head of the editorial team speaks of linguistic enrichment (Mortu 2023), other researchers (including Popescu, Iordan, Florescu and others) see the many new anglicisms more as language impoverishment and even language decline. Based on the example of the Romanian language, various aspects are discussed, including the frequency of newly recorded words. The article focuses on the proposed changes in the new lexicographical work in order to answer the question of what role foreign words play in language and if mass-media is an accelerator for this linguistic and social development.
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Corobcean, Doina. "Evolution of research in the onomastic terminology." Studia Universitatis Moldaviae. Seria Ştiinţe Umanistice, no. 4(174) (October 2023): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.59295/sum4(174)2023_17.
Full textAbstract:
Onomastics is a complex and pragmatic linguistic field, and the constantly appearing proper names require a thematic classification. An analysis of the terms in the field of onomastics is necessary to clarify their status within the discipline, in accordance with other fields (sociology, psychology, philosophy) or different than the meaning given by the dictionary. The classic nomenclature of proper names divided into anthroponyms, toponyms or zoonyms has become insufficiently accurate in rendering the concrete onymic class of the proper name, hence the need to identify, in Romanian, the classes of the usual onomastic terms. Thus, according to dictionaries, thematic glossaries made by Romanian researchers, in different periods, but also those compiled by international researchers, we can enrich the onomastic terminology with new terms, applicable to the Romanian language system.
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Caruntu-Caraman, Livia. "Recent Anglicisms − from use in the Dictionary." Philologia, no. 2(314) (August 2021): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/1857-4300.2021.2(314).11.
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In contemporaneity, the English language successfully fulfills the role of a mediator in international communication, deeply influencing the other languages, including Romanian. Through the realities of the brand made in the Anglo-American space, which are propagating inventively in all four parts of the world, penetrate in the local vocabulary and their names, being assimilated and used in internal daily expression. The given words, called Anglicisms, cause inaccuracies among both users and researchers. In order to solve some of the problems, we propose the design of a small dictionary, in which to collect all the recent Anglicisms from our use in order to be subjected, from scholarly positions, to a regulated interpretation that will become an obligatory norm to follow. The language consumer should consult here spelling and morphological values, pronunciation and stress, decoding of abbreviations and etymology, semantic definitions and practical examples. Finally, the Anglicisms, which have previously confused the speaker, to be scientifically processed, elucidated and returned to the public.
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Savin-Zgardan, Angela. "Stable Autochthonous Polylexical Units with Extralinguistic Motivation in the Motivational Phraseological Dictionary." Intertext, no. 1(61) (December 2023): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54481/intertext.2023.1.03.
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The problem of the motivation of the linguistic sign is more and more in sight of European linguistics, in the direction of even creating a new discipline, motivational linguistics. In the Motivational Phraseological Dictionary, Chisinau, 2023, whose author is the undersigned, it is proposed to conceive the genesis of stable polylexical units by indicating the type of motivation - the extralinguistic one, as well as by the aspect of their origin, they being indigenous and general. Indigenous polylexical units refer to the realities of the surrounding world: what describe daily life; what concerns professions and trades; with reference to man's exterior world; related to fauna; having military lexis; related to natural phenomena; taboo expressions. In the given communication, we will focus on some components of the given polylexical units that express some indigenous Romanian symbols and motifs, they being part of the language culture of our people. The motivation behind the origin of some stable polylexical units (SPU) is explained by the fact that they appeared on their own land, being indigenous, having their origin in the Romanian language, even if they have counterparts in other languages. When they appeared, SPU were initially denominative language units, motivated, when they named certain concrete facts from the surrounding world, or connotative units, motivated, in the case that the speaker expresses his/her attitude towards a certain fact in life. With the time, along with the evolution of language and society, some motivated SPU have remained motivated, their components or one of them keeping the meaning. The explanation lies in the fact that only these language units can name certain lexical and grammatical values, contribute to the elimination of equivocation, etc.
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Greavu, Arina. "A Comparative Study of LIQUID Metaphors in English and Romanian Economic Language." East-West Cultural Passage 23, no. 2 (2023): 34–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ewcp-2023-0012.
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Abstract This article discusses the economic terminology of English and Romanian from the perspective of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, focusing on the way in which the two languages employ lexical items from the semantic field of liquids in relation to the economy. The approach used here is both quantitative and qualitative. Thus, the study analyses the dictionary distribution in the two languages of words and phrases that fit the LIQUID metaphor of the economy, and tries to formulate statistical conclusions regarding the importance of this metaphor in shaping the vocabulary of the subject. The results of the quantitative analysis are illustrated with examples from economic publications, with an emphasis on those cases where English and Romanian do not share the same conceptual metaphors, and which could thus prove problematic for learners of Business English as well as for professionals working with the two languages. Metaphor researchers studying English and Romanian generally agree that English is more metaphorical in the way it discusses economic phenomena. However, dictionaries and newspaper articles may differ in the extent to which they follow this prediction, with the latter showing a higher density of metaphorical language than the former.
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TOPALĂ, Dragoș Vlad. "NEOLOGISME DIN OPERA LUI DIMITRIE RALET (SUVENIRE ȘI IMPRESII DE CĂLĂTORIE, 1858) – POSIBILE PRIME ATESTĂRI." Studii și cercetări de onomastică și lexicologie 28, no. 1-2 (2022): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52846/scol.2021.1-2.23.
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"Dimitrie Ralet is a little-known 1848-generation writer, who is the author of an interesting travel memoirs, Suvenire și impresii de călătorie (Souvenirs and Travel Impressions), published in 1858. The work is an important source of essential neologisms for the study of the Romanian literary language from the mid- 19th century. The author is not mentioned in the MDA bibliography (MDA, the Romanian acronym for The Concise Academic Dictionary). Taking into consideration this issue, we have selected some neologisms from the quoted work in regard to the first attestation/issuing date shown in the MDA and in N. A. Ursu and Despina Ursu’s book, another important scientific reference."
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Ștefănescu, Maria, and Mircea Minică. "On “The Fabrick of the Tongue”. Language Metaphors Used to Advocate Descriptivism/Prescriptivism in English and Romanian Dictionaries." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 68, no. 1 (2023): 181–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2023.1.10.
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"On “The Fabrick of the Tongue”. Language Metaphors Used to Advocate Descriptivism/Prescriptivism in English and Romanian Dictionaries. There has been considerable scholarly interest in the relationship between language and national identity. The topic is vast and multi-faceted, but in this paper we are especially interested in the manner in which the perceived interdependence between ‘mother tongue’ and ‘fatherland’ has often prompted policies intended to protect the former, and therefore the latter, of whatever was regarded as harmful influence. In particular, we intend to survey some lexicographical work undertaken in Great Britain and (what is now) Romania between the middle of the 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century in order to compare decisions on prescriptivism or descriptivism in dictionaries, and the reasons behind them. While some background information will be necessary, our main focus will be the language metaphors which lexicographers and other people who brought a contribution to dictionary making resorted to in order to support their arguments in favour of or against prescriptivism/descriptivism. Keywords: language metaphor, lexicography, dictionary, descriptivism, prescriptivism, purism "
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Savin, Angela. "Basic Concepts of Motivology (Fascicle I)." Philologia, no. 1(319) (May 2023): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/1857-4300.2023.1(319).03.
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In the present study, we aimed to introduce into Romanian linguistic circulation a number of Motivology terms, a new linguistic discipline, and its dictionary not only includes the basic concept of Motivology, but also the terms from general linguistics and from other fields of linguistics – semasiology, onomasiology, derivation, linguopoetics, lexicography, etc., which are closely related to the theory of word motivation and stable polylexical units. The examples are brought, in particular, from the Romanian linguistic material, in order to demonstrate in such a way the necessity of researching language facts under their motivational aspect. At the same time, the terms proposed for the familiarization of all those interested in the given problem come to elucidate the research aspects of Motivology, which aims to study language phenomena from a different angle than the one carried out so far.
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BURSUC, ALINA-MIHAELA. "Note referitoare la etnonimele calmuc și cvazi." Studii și cercetări lingvistice 2024, no. 1 (2024): 87–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/scl.2024.1.06.
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The purpose of this text is to present notes on the Romanian ethnonyms calmuc ‘Kalmyk’ and cvazi ‘Quasi’. The first edition of the Academy’s Dictionary of the Romanian Language (DLR) was published in several volumes, in the period 1907–2010. In the volume corresponding to the letters J, K, Q, published in 2010, the articles kalmâc and quazi, the Romanian names of two populations, one Mongolian and the other Germanic, are worked on. The documentation for the second edition of the DLR makes it possible to identify two rich series of etymological variants of the two words, due to borrowing on different channels and varied adaptation to the Romanian language system. On the one hand, it is about the forms: calmăș, calmâc, calmâș, calmâț, calmuc, calmuk, calmuș, călmăș, kalmâc, kalmâk, kalmuc. On the other hand, it is about the forms, in the plural: cadi, cuadi, cuazi, cvadi, cvazi, gvadi, gvazi, kuazi, kvadi, quadi, quasi, quazi, qvazi. The frequency and constant presence in texts of the calmuc ‘Kalmyk’ form, as well as the competition in recent texts of the cvazi and quazi ‘Quasi’ forms are arguments for reconsidering the kalmâc and quazi title-forms in favor of the calmuc ‘Kalmyk’ and cvazi ‘Quasi’ forms.
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Constantin, Rachita. "Sulle fonti impiegate da Silvestro Amelio da Foggia, OFMConv., per Conciones Latinae Muldavo..." Studii Franciscane 21, no. 1 (2021): 75–99. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15314896.
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The incontestable importance of Conciones Latinae Muldavo concerning the history of the Romanian language made almost all the analyses of the text penned by Silvestro Amelio da Foggia focus on this perspective. The Latin characters (despite inconsistencies, they strived to depict pronunciation accurately) and the colloquial register prove the evolutionary stage of the Romanian language in the early 18th century. All Friars Minor who – before Amelio da Foggia – translated several catechisms, prayers, or gospel frag-ments into Romanian for their fellow monks and the believers used similar (ortho)graphy with a Latin alphabet. The sermons by Amelio da Foggia also represent translations, and in this study, my purpose was to identify the sources used by the author. Based on them, I managed to circumscribe the chronology of the sermon collection, thus confirming several previous opi-nions. Our analysis suggests that the originality of the text resides exclusively in Muldavo fragments intercalated among the Latin fragments of sermons reprised from well-known preachers and translated. Furthermore, I believe that this effort is subsumed to the cultural vocation of the Friars Minor Order, in its turn subordinated to catechetic purposes.
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Ungureanu, Mădălina. "Teaching Slavonic in 17th century Romania: teaching material by Staico, professor at Târgoviște." Swedish Journal of Romanian Studies 6, no. 1 (2023): 146–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35824/sjrs.v6i1.25135.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study is to present, based on the Rom. ms. 312 from the Academy Library in Bucharest, the teaching material used by a teacher of Slavonic in the second half of the 17th century. Rom. ms. 312 BAR is well-known particularly because it contains the largest dictionary belonging to the group of the first bilingual Romanian dictionaries. The elaboration of these dictionaries should be considered in relation to the political and cultural context of the reign of Matei Basarab, in a period in which Wallachia was influenced by the cultural prestige of Kyiv and of the metropolitan Petru Movilă, who influenced the cultural development of the Romanian Principalities. Matei Basarab wanted to restore the dominance of the Slavonic language and culture, by encouraging the development of schools, among other measures. The necessary linguistic tools were provided by Kyiv, namely the Slavonic-Ruthenian lexicon and Meletius Smotrytsky’s Slavonic grammar (1619). These tools, besides being used as such in schools, provide models for the first Romanian dictionaries and the first Slavonic grammar translated into Romanian. Six Slavonic-Romanian dictionaries have survived, all written in the second half of the 17th century (except for one dating from 1649) in Wallachia, based on the Slavonic-Ruthenian lexicon published by Pamvo Berynda in 1627, which these six works adapted both in terms of the number of entries and the content of the Romanian definitions. Except for the lexicon issued in 1649, the others seem to be modified copies based on a single version. Two manuscripts containing the first Romanian bilingual lexicons also include copies after the same Romanian redaction of the Slavonic grammar. The Rom. ms. 312 comprises the lexicon, part of the grammar, and other lexicographical components, organized as additions to the main word lists. There are several studies on the content of Rom. ms. 312, yet previous research only presents it from a general perspective without much detail on its components. We shall demonstrate that its content is also more complex than that of the other lexicons, indicating and presenting its parts: the first list of words taken from the Slavonic-Ruthenian lexicon; a second list which is independent of it, but which can also be found in three of the other lexicons included in the group; three thematic lists and two lists without a specific theme, plus a dictionary of proper names translated into Slavonic, which has never been studied. Furthermore, we also present opinions on the author of the grammar included in this lexicon. A comparative analysis of the Slavonic grammar of Rom. ms. 312 and the one in Rom. ms. 3473 from the Romanian Academy Library allowed us to advance the hypothesis that these are copies of a previous writing, which was not preserved.
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Feher, Oana Benedicta. "SOME LEXICAL ASPECTS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN FRENCH AND ROMANIAN. LUDIC CREATION." Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 17, no. 1 (2024): 71–92. https://doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2024.17.1.5.
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Abstract The past century witnessed a dynamic process in the lexicon of languages, in terms of both borrowings and newly created words. Since the beginning of 2020, the phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic has provoked a significant increase in the number of words in all languages, thus bringing many changes on social and psychological levels, interfering both in the life of each citizen and in the daily vocabulary. In its first part, this paper intends to make a brief presentation of the French and Romanian dictionaries and minidictionaries in which the pandemic vocabulary plays an important role, including the most popular ones, such as Le Petit Robert and Le Petit Larousse illustré (2022), the new edition of DOOM – The Orthographic, Orthoepic and Morphology Dictionary of the Romanian Language, published by the end of 2021, but also online dictionaries such as Lexiques et vocabulaire published by the Canadian Government in April 2021, Mini-dicționar de pandemie COVID-19 – A Pandemic Minidictionary by Ghenadie Râbaciov, etc. The second part of the paper concentrates on some atypical dictionaries in order to underline their importance in a specific type of perception of the phenomenon called the Covid-19 pandemic. These dictionaries integrate the ludic creation of words, manifested in two different ways: one involving humour, the other simply playing with internalised definitions of certain words from the newly created vocabulary. The diversity of examples allows a reflection on word formation, with the conclusion that the most frequent processes are affixation, compounding, and the creation of portmanteau words. This last process is particularly well represented by Olivier Auroy’s Dicorona (2020), while with the Mic dicționar literar de pandemie – Small literary dictionary of the pandemic (2020) created by the Romanian journal Scena9, we have interesting definitions of words belonging to this newly created vocabulary. Keywords: Ludic creation; Lexicon; Vocabulary; The Covid-19 pandemic; Dictionary; Humour.
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Máté, Réka, Enikő Tóth-Orosz, and István Csernicskó. "About an online dictionary of the pluricentric Hungarian language." Acta Academiae Beregsasiensis, Philologica I, no. 1 (2022): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.58423/2786-6726/2022-1-27-42.
Full textAbstract:
A pluricentric language is a language that is used in at least two countries where it has the official status of a state, commonwealth or regional language with at least partially its own (codified) norms that usually contribute to the personal identity of speakers. Pluricentric languages have one dominant variant and (one or) several non-dominant varieties. As a result of the political fragmentation of the Hungarian language area that developed after the First World War, and then, confirmed by the peace treaties after the Second World War, the Hungarian language is one of the pluricentric languages in Europe. The article examines the results of close linguistic contacts in non-dominant varieties of the modern Hungarian language used outside Hungary. The consequences of language contacts are highlighted on the basis of lexical borrowings, which are fixed in a specific online dictionary. The dictionary consists of borrowed words of foreign origin used by autochthonous Hungarian minorities living in the Carpathian Basin outside Hungary. In addition to words and phrases that are used exclusively in the speech and writing of Hungarians in countries neighboring Hungary, words that are also used in Hungary, but with a different meaning, were also collected in the database. As of the end of September 2022, the dictionary database contained 5,034 dictionary entries (words). Since this online loanword list contains direct borrowings from many languages of the Carpathian Basin that are in contact with Hungarian (mostly from the official or state languages of Hungary's neighboring countries, including Slovak, Ukrainian, Romanian, Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, and German), the database is a rich source for the study of contacts between Hungarian and Indo-European languages. Based on the material of the online dictionary, it was found that among the lexical borrowings of the Hungarian language –as a result of centuries-old contacts between Hungarian and various Slavic languages –borrowings of Slavic origin constitute the largest layer of vocabulary of foreign origin in the Hungarian language. The result of the project is a dictionary database that provides an opportunity for a comparative analysis of the vocabulary of non-dominant variants of the pluricentric Hungarian language.
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Arcos, Manuela. "Corpora textuais informatizados como ferramenta para análise da macroestrutura do Dicionário da Real Academia Espanhola." Revista Leitura, no. 63 (June 10, 2019): 154–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/2317-9945.201963.154-173.
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O Dicionário da Real Academia Espanhola (DRAE) constitui um instrumento lexicográfico de referência na comunidade falante de língua espanhola. A Real Academia Espanhola (RAE) lança, no intervalo de dez anos, aproximadamente, uma nova edição de seu dicionário, com o propósito de oferecer uma imagem léxica atualizada do idioma espanhol. Para tanto, a RAE utiliza seu banco de dados, corpora textuais que registra o léxico diacrônico e sincrônico da língua. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar quantitativa e qualitativamente, através dos corpora da Academia, a macroestrutura das duas edições mais recentes do seu dicionário (DRAE 2001; DRAE 2014) Computerized textual corpora as a tool to analyze the Dictionary of the Spanish Royal Academy’s macrostructureThe Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (DRAE) is a lexicographical instrument of reference for Spanish speaking community. The Real Academia Española (RAE) publishes about once every ten years a new edition of its dictionary with the purpose of giving an updated lexical image of the Spanish language. To that end, RAE uses its own data bank, that is, textual corpora that record the diachronic and synchronic lexicon of the language. The aim of this work is to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively, through the Academy's corpora, the macrostructure of the two most recent editions of the dictionary (DRAE 2001; DRAE 2014).Keywords: Semasiological dictionary. Monolingual dictionary. Macrostructure. Corpus linguistics DOI: 10.28998/2317-9945.2019n63p154-173
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Chitez, Mădălina, Roxana Rogobete, and Karla Csürös. "De la hârtie la ecran: provocările în utilizarea intrărilor de dicționar de date pentru dezvoltarea instrumentului lemi de stabilire a lizibilității literaturii române." Revista de Istorie și Teorie Literară 18 (December 20, 2024): 72–83. https://doi.org/10.59277/ritl.2024.18.05.
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This paper addresses an interdisciplinary linguistic theme, located at the inter¬section between the fields of applied linguistics, computational linguistics and education: the use of Romanian dictionary data of archaisms, regionalism and main vocabulary for the cre¬ation of a digital tool for establishing the legibility of texts in Romanian for school reading. As many of the texts offered for reading to the Romanian school population are Romanian literature texts, this tool can be used to evaluate the legibility of Romanian literature texts in general. By legibility, we refer to the concept of readability, taken from English literature, which refers to the ease with which a text can be read and understood by readers. This con¬cept incorporates factors such as vocabulary complexity, sentence structure, basic vocabulary level, and a host of other variables that can be quantified and analyzed automatically. Most of the time, the legibility of a text is given by mathematical formulas that include various indices that quantify elements such as the length of words, the complexity of phrases, and the frequency of use of certain terms. The purpose of the readability assessment is to determine whether a text is appropriate for the level of knowledge and language skills of its readers. For the Romanian language, but also for the special case of school literature texts, such formulas have not yet been tested. In the sections below, we will provide details about the LEMI plat¬form, but also about the construction of the readability formula, insisting on the challenges created by the lack of data in digital format – dictionaries of regionalisms, archaisms, and also basic vocabulary – in order to improve the formula originally created.
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Nicolau, Felix. "Where Are Our "Argo(t)nautes"?" ACROSS - A Comprehensive Review of Societal Studies 4/2021, no. 1 (2021): 84–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7854799.
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The problem of the contemporary writer is the range of his/her vocabulary and idiomatic phrases. In spite of the Romanian slang being so rich, the corresponding literature manifests a sort of deafness in this regard. There is an incapacity of capturing the spoken language at many writers as they are enclosed in tiny circles. The consequence is that the slang in many oeuvres is sketchy, unimaginative. If we look at the terms in G. Volceanov’s Dictionary of Argot, we perceive instantly the gap between trendy contemporary writers’ language and the language in use at the outskirts of society. The linguistic scarcity becomes more obvious with the forceful advent of political correctness. Writers seem to resort more and more to self-censorship.
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Popovschi, Liliana, Ludmila Malahov, and Vlada Colesnicova. "Digital processing of dialectal texts published in Chisinau in the years 1969–1987." Akademos, no. 4(63) (March 2022): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.52673/18570461.21.4-63.05.
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The dialectal texts published in Chisinau in the years ‘60–‘80 of the past century are of particular importance for research in different fields of science: linguistics (especially dialectology, the history of the Romanian language, stylistics), history, ethnography, folklore studies, sociology, psychology, ethnolinguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics. Revitalizing them through digital processing and transliteration from the Cyrillic script into the Latin script will allow their full exploration. Currently, from the six volumes of the collection Dialectal Texts: Supplement to the Moldavian Linguistic Atlas, the first volume has been scanned, recognized, and transliterated resulting in the Latin script text. A set of the accompanying items (recognition templates, the user alphabet, and the spelling dictionary) have been prepared to automate the process. Based on the established transliteration rules, a converter was developed to convert the recognized text of the Romanian local speech samples from the Cyrillic-based phonetic transcription into the Latin-based one.
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Klimkowski, Tomasz. "Particulele afirmative în limba română – perspectivă diacronică și areală." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 47, no. 3 (2020): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2020.473.005.
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The present article analyses the Romanian affirmative particles from a diachronic and areal perspective in order to determine their origin. The analysis of a corpus of original literary texts and translations of religious texts as well as dictionaries and grammars from different epochs has resulted in distinguishing in Romanian the following affirmative particles: aşa (since the 16th, and especially the 17th century), ei (in the 16th century), ie (since the second half of the 18th century) and da (since the 19th century). As the last three can be put in the East European areal context, a natural explanation of their origin would be the assumption that they were borrowed respectively from Church Slavonic, German and Slavic. However, also because of the special status of affirmative particles as a part of basic vocabulary of most languages, we propose to apply to them the foothold theory inspired by Abraham’s half-open doors theory (2011). Accordingly, we believe that borrowing the particle ei from Church Slavonic could have used as a foothold the Old Romanian conjunction e (< lat. et) and the ie borrowed from German was superposed on the Romanian verbal form e ‘is’. On the other hand, the Slavic loanword da coincided with the inner semantic evolution of the Romanian forms dară ~ dar ~ da from an adversative conjunction to an affirmative particle.
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Tovarnițchii, Constantin. "Adaptation and Continuation Born from Our Non-Recognition of Abandonment." Symbolon 23, SI (2022): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46522/s.2022.s1.13.
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The explanatory dictionary of the Romanian language defines art as „an activity of man that aims to produce aesthetic values and that uses means of expression with a specific character; all the works (from an era, from a country, etc.) that belong to this activity”. Looking back, we find that, regardless of the era we are focusing on, art, as a whole, has not known downtime, despite any unfavourable conditions of a social or economic nature. On the contrary, when major crisis situations took over society, art experienced a revival in almost all its forms of expression.
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Baltag, Ingrid. "Rumänistik in Berlin: die Geschichte einer philologischen Kleindisziplin." Philologica Jassyensia 37, no. 1 (2023): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.60133/pj.2023.1.19.
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"This study is a short history of the Academic teaching of Romanian language and literature in Berlin since the foundation of the Romance Languages Studies. Romanian appears for the first time as an academic curricula at the beginning of the 20th century at the Friedrich-Wilhelms-University which after WW II was called Humboldt-University and remained in the eastern sphere after the division of the city of Berlin in east and west. In 1949 the Freie University of Berlin will be established in the western part of the city with support of the US-Government. From this moment on, we have two academic institutes for Romance languages in Berlin offering Romanian Studies, one in the Eastern and one in the Western part of the city. This paper highlights the personalities and their activities in the development of the curricula of these studies in the historical context from the social and political standpoint. We give an outline of how the Romanian teaching developed after the Fall of Berlin Wall and at what point we are now today. Hariton Tiktin was the first scholar to found the department of Romanian language at the Berlin University. Despite his valuable contribution through his comprehensive dictionary, his academic personality has gone forgotten. Tiktin was followed in the 1930s by Ernst Gamillscheg, an Austrian with strong sympathies for the upcoming national-socialist and fascist politics. Retrospectively his academic role in the two decades has been subject to controversy. The second half of this period is also marked by the Romanian linguist Sextil Pușcariu, that was active in Berlin as an academic scholar, being a guest lecturer at the University and as a founder of the Romanian Cultural Institute. The Ending of the War was characterized by a denazification of the academic world, and shows that the measures have never been consistent. The case Bucur is just a tragic academic anecdote. The Afterwar finds the Cold War represented by two competing Universities, and each of them had a Romanian department. On one hand in the western Free University Romanian was focused on Eastern European Studies and in the context of the Romance Philology as well, on the other hand in the Humboldt University the emphasis was on Language Studies and Translation. With the Fall of the Berlin Wall there is a slow change in the curricula reducing Romanian Studies in both Universities to the point that Romanian has been given up in the Free University. The Romanian Studies are still vivid at the Humboldt University but not as independent subject. It is part of different Bachelor and Master-Studies and is open to a wide variety of study subjects and also to all German students from other Universities of the region. At the End of the Essay there is a short analysis of the students interested in the subject, which leads to some conclusions about the future development of the Studies."
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Cotlău, Maria, and Ion Guțu. "LATIN PHRASEOLOGISMS IN DIPLOMATIC LANGUAGE. THEIR EQUIVALENTS IN FRENCH AND ROMANIAN LANGUAGES." Moldoscopie 1 (January 15, 2020): 26–40. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3921843.
Full textAbstract:
Phraseological units, set expressions with specialised non-literal meaning of the whole clearly represent the syntagmatic specificity of languages. Named cliches and ready-made expressions, these communicative units are easily recognized and decoded by people who have studied Latin, either in high school or university, but for students who encounter for the first time in the foreign language text (French, English) from the field of diplomacy and political science, the Latin phraseological units present one of the most difficult aspects of the discourse. Many authors give common current classifications to facilitate the consultation, the correct understanding and the proper use of the Latin expressions, especially in the works of practical character. Thus, in the small Latin-Romanian dictionary of commonly used expressions, authors discriminate among: commonly used words (alter ego – alternative self); word combinations (amor patriae – love of one’s country); aphorisms (festina lente – make haste slowly); proverbs, sayings of wide circulation (bis dat, qui cito dat – he gives twice who gives promptly). The classifications and definitions of the phraseological units are very different, depending on the aspect that one researcher or another emphasizes and the criteria according to which the classification is made. In the present article we intend to make a classification of the Latin phraseology according to the frequency of their appearance in the university textbooks and according to the difficulty of comprehension for the students studying the specialized foreign language. Keywords: phraseology, set expressions, maxims, adages, aphorisms, proverbs, equivalences, phraseological analogies.
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Trișcă (Ionescu), Anca. ""THE NECESSITY OF RELEVANT DICTIONARY CONTEXTUALIZATIONS FOR THE TRANSLATOR OF NAVAL ARCHITECTURE TEXTS "." Professional Communication and Translation Studies 7 (December 13, 2022): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.59168/xidk7278.
Full textAbstract:
Translating naval architecture texts involves, besides knowledge and practice in the field, using specific terminology. The ability of handling specific terminology is supposed to be increased by relevant dictionary contextualizations illustrating the meaning and usage of naval architecture terminology. The technical dictionaries available, either on paper or as a wide web resource, provide the translation of terms, i.e. the ‚equivalent(s)’ in the target language, and, in some cases, the explanation of meaning. However, these dictionaries lack the contextualizations that can help both students and translators. The paper focuses on some existent dictionaries and their relevance for the naval architecture translator. It also provides a possible model for dictionary items accompanied by an explanation and contextualization, which prove to be very useful for students and translators. Special attention will be paid to the lexical characteristics of the Romanian and English naval architecture terminology and relevant contextualizations will be given to illustrate the meaning.
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VASILEANU, MONICA, CRISTIAN MOROIANU, and CRISTINA-ANDREEA RADU-BEJENARU. "Cuvinte obținute prin contaminare conform dicționarelor academice: câteva propuneri etimologice." Studii și cercetări lingvistice 2023, no. 1 (2023): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.59277/scl.2023.1.03.
Full textAbstract:
The three main academic dictionaries of Romanian, DA-DLR, DEX and DELR, record a number of words coined by lexical blending, a process defined in Romanian linguistics as the fusion of two words that have a semantic affinity (usually synonyms or near-synonyms). Relying on the general criteria for any etymological research, i.e., the formal criterion, semantic congruity, circulation of words, etc., as well as on the specific features of lexical blending, we suggest other etymological solutions for 38 words registered as lexical blends.