Academic literature on the topic 'Dida dialect'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Dida dialect.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Dida dialect"
1
McGinn, Richard. "Some Irregular Reflexes of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian Vowels in the Rejang Language of Sumatra." Diachronica 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 67–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.14.1.04mcg.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY At issue is the role of dialect evidence to explain certain irregular reflexes of Proto-Malayo-Polynesian vowels in Rejang. According to Blust (1984), the Musi dialect of Rejang seems to exemplify two types of sound change, one conditioned solely by phonological factors and the other by nonphonological (semantic or grammatical) factors; thus PMP *a irregularly failed to diphthongize in kin terms, and word-final *a, *i and *u irregularly failed to diphthongize in the pronouns. On the contrary, the paper suggests 'neogrammarian' regularity for all reflexes of PMP vowels in kin terms and pronouns in Rejang. In order to account for the apparent irregularities, it has been necessary to broaden the data base by revisiting the PMP consonantal reconstructions and the role of the accent, and above all by incorporating evidence from other dialects of the Rejang group (Kebanagung, Pasisir). The possibility of eventual union between historical phonology and dialect geography is discussed. Two errors of method in the previous literature on Rejang are pointed out. RÉSUMÉ En cause est le rôle de la preuve dialectale pour expliquer certaines manifestations irrégulières des voyelles proto-malayo-polynésiennes en rejang. Selon Blust (1984), le dialecte musien du rejang semble exemplifier deux changements phonologiques, l'un conditionné seulement par les éléments phonologiques et l'autre par les éléments non-phonologiques (sémantiques et grammaticals); ainsi le *a PMP a manqué, irregulièrement, de diphtonguer avec des termes de parenté, et les voyelles *a, *i, et *u en fin de mot ont manqué, irregulierement, de diphtonguer dans les formes pronominales. Au contraire l'article suggère une régularité 'néogrammairienne' pour tous les réflexes des voyelles PMP avec les termes de parenté et les pronoms. Pour expliquer les irregularités apparentes, il fallait étendre la base de données par revisiter les reconstructions consonantiques de PMP et le rôle de l'accent, et surtout par incorporation de preuves d'autres dialectes du groupe rejangien (Kebanagung, Pasisir). La possibilité d'union productive entre la phonologie historique et la géographie dialectale est discutée. Deux erreurs de méthode dans les travaux précédents sur le rejang sont indiquées. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Untersuchung gilt der Rolle dialektaler Beweise zur Erklärung be-stimmter irregulärer Reflexe von Proto-Malayo-Polynesischen (PMP) Vokalen in Rejang. Nach Blust (1984) schien der Musi Dialekt von Rejang das Vorhandensein von zwei Typen von Lautver ä nderung zu beweisen: einer allein bedingt durch phonologische, der andere durch nicht-phonologische (semantische oder grammatische) Faktoren. Folglich wurden PMP *a irregular nicht in Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen diphthongisiert, und am Wortende wurden *a, *i und *u irregular nicht in den Pronomen diphthongisiert. Der vorliegede Beitrag schlagt im Gegenteil 'junggrammatische' Regelmässigkeiten vor fiir alle Reflexe von PMP Vokalen in Verwandtschaftsbezeichnungen und Pronomen in Rejang. Um die offenbaren Unregelmässigkeiten zu erklaren, er-scheint es notwendig, die Datengrundlage durch emeutes Betrachten der Kon-sonantenrekonstruktion im PMP und der Rolle des Akzents, vor allem aber durch Einbeziehen anderer Dialekte der Rejang Gruppe (Kebanagung, Pasisir) zu erweitern. Die Möglichkeit einer letztlichen Verbindung zwischen histori-scher Phonologie und Dialektgeographie wird diskutiert. Zwei methodische Fehler in der bisherigen Literatur über Rejang werden aufgezeigt.
2
Joseph, Brian D., and Rex E. Wallace. "Is Faliscan a Local Latin Patois?" Diachronica 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1991): 159–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.8.2.02jos.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY Faliscan clearly shows affinities with Latin, but the exact nature of the relationship between the two languages has not met with complete acceptance. Some scholars treat Faliscan as nothing more than a 'rural dialect' of Latin, though the inexactness of the designation 'dialectal Latin' makes this characterization problematic.Moreover, it is demonstrated here that the various features that are claimed to link Faliscan and non-Roman Latin to the exclusion of the Latin of the city of Rome are all rather late in their appearance in Faliscan, while a few very early features are to be found that unite Faliscan with all of Latinity. At the same time, though, there are significant isoglosses separating Faliscan from all Latin dialects, Roman and non-Roman. The conclusion to be drawn is that Faliscan is a separate language from Latin and not a dialect of Latin, though it is closest sibling to Latin in the Italic family tree. RÉSUMÉ La question du rapport génétique entre le latin et le falisque est examinée ici à la lumière de la méthodologie comparative et au modèle dialectologique du 'Stammbaum'. Il est démontré que le falisque n'est pas un dialect rurale du latin, comme l'on a proposé encore tout récemment, à la base de trois faits: bien des characteristiques qui se retrouvent dans les deux langues n'apparaissent que très tard dans la tradition falisque; il y a aussi des vieilles innovations qui unifient les deux; et il y a des isoglosses qui séparent le falisque de tous les dialectes latins — ceux de Rome aussi bien que les autres. Le falisque est une langue liée au latin mais à la même fois il n'est pas equivalent à un vrais dialecte latin. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In diesem Aufsatz wird das Verhaltnis des Lateinischen mit dem Falis-kischen untersucht. Die Autoren fiïhren den Beweis, daß das Faliskische keine lateinische Mundart, und zwar aus den folgenden drei Griinden: Ers tens erscheinen viele Eigenschaften, die sich in beiden Sprachen finden fassen, erst sehr spät im Faliskischen. Zweitens gibt es sehr alte Neuerungen, die beide Sprachen gemeinsam haben, und drittens gibt es einige Neuerungen im Faliskischen, die es von alien lateinischen Mundarten, sowohl solchen inner-halb als auch außerhalb Roms, trennen. Das Faliskische ist demnach eine Sprache, die einerseits mit dem Lateinischen verwandt, andererseits aber auch von ihm deutlich abgesetzt ist.
3
Lipski, John M. "On the Reduction of /S/ in Philippine Creole Spanish." Diachronica 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.3.1.04lip.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY Philippine Creole Spanish ('Chabacano') continues to be spoken in several areas of the Philippines and offers a useful perspective on the development of Spanish during the 17th and 18th centuries. The present study traces the development of syllable-final /s/ in Chabacano, using a variational model. A comparative investigation of the principal Chabacano dialects, those of Manila Bay (the original forms) and the dialect of Zamboanga (a later transplantation, partially decreolized) reveals the continued existence of a process of reduction of implosive /s/. By including additional data on the behavior of /s/ in comptemp-orary dialects of Spain, Mexico, and Latin America, it is possible to arrive at the conclusion that Philippine Creole Spanish is a legitimate tool in historical Hispanic dialectology, and that the reduction of /s/ most probably was well under way at least by the middle of the 17th century, in the Spanish dialects brought to the Philippines via Mexico. RÉSUMÉ Le creole espagnol des Philippines (le 'Chabacano') est encore parlé dans certaines régions de ce pays; il offre une perspective utile sur le développement de l'espagnol pendant les XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. Le présent travail retrace le développement du /s/ dans la position finale d'une syllabe en Chabacano en se servant d'un modèle 'variation-nel'. Une étude comparative des dialectes principaux du Chabacano, à savoir ceux de la Baie Manila (les formes originales) et celui de Zamboanga (une transplantation ultérieure, partiellement décréolosée), laisse voir l'existence continue d'un procès de réduction de l'implo-ive /s/. En incluant des données additionnelles sur le comportement du /s/ dans les dialectes contemporains de l'Espagne, du Mexique et de l'Amérique latine, il est possible d'arriver à la conclusion que le creole historique hispanique et que la réduction du /s/ fut probablement en cours au moins vers le milieu du XVIIe siècle dans les dialectes espagnols apportés aux Philippines via le Mexique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Das spanische Kreol der Philippinen (das sog. 'Chabacano') wird noch heute in verschiedenen Gegenden des Landes gesprochen; es bietet uns eine nützliche Perspektive zur Entwicklung des Spanischen wahrend des 17. und des 18. Jahrhunderts. Die vorliegende Arbeit, auf einem Variationsmodell aufbauend, untersucht die Entwicklung des /s/ in Endsylbenstellung. Eine vergleichende Studie der hauptsachlichen Chabaca-no-Dialekte, vor allem der Bucht von Manila (die die Originalformen vorweisen) und die von Zamboanga (die eine spatere Verpflanzung, die darüberhinaus teilweise entkreolisiert worden sind, darstellen), zeigen das kontinuierliche Vorhandensein eines Reduktionsprozesses des implosiven /s/. Durch Hinzunahme weiterer Daten bezüglich des Verhal tens des /s/ in Dialekten der Gegenwart in Spanien, Mexiko und Lateinameri-ka ist es möglich zum Schluß zu kommen, daß das spanische Kreol der Philippinen ein legitimes Werkzeug der historischen Dialektologie des Hispanischen ist,und ebenfalls, daß die Reduktion des /s/ höchstwahr-scheinlich spatestens in der Mitte des 17. Jahrhunderts schon im Gange war, als die spanischen Dialekte iiber Mexiko nach den Philippinen transportiert wurden.
4
Cooley, Marianne. "Emerging Standard and Subdialectal Variation in Early American English." Diachronica 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 167–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.9.2.02coo.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY In spite of later clearly delineated American dialects, many visitors as well as inhabitants in colonial and early federal America commented upon the uniformity of American English, although others pointed out differences. Taken together, the usual evidence sources such as orthoepistic and grammatical description, naive spellings, contemporary journalistic commentary, or literary dialect representation provide indecisive evidence. However, a principle of perceptual recognition of language variation in relation to both an external standard (British English) and a developing internal standard (American English) may account for the uniformity comments while diversity simultaneously existed. RÉSUMÉ Malgré l'existence d'un certain nombre de dialectes déjà bien délimités, de nombreux voyageurs et habitants d'Amérique coloniale remarquèrent et commentèrent sur l'uniformité de l'anglais américain, alors que d'autres relevèrent des différences significatives. En gros, les documents habituels, tels que les descriptions orthopéistes et grammaticales, les orthographes naïves, les commentaires journalistiques de l'époque et les dialectales littéraires offrent des témoignages contradictoires. Toutefois une perception de la variation linguistique par rapport à un standard externe (l'anglais britannique) et un standard interne (l'anglais américain) peut expliquer l'uniformité des commentaires en regard d'une diversité persistante. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Trotz deutlich erkennbarer amerikanischer Dialekte, sprachen viele Besu-cher sowie die Einwohner des kolonialen und frühen foderativen Amerika von der Ausgewogenheit des amerikanischen Englisch, während andere auf Unter-schiede hinwiesen. Insgesamt gesehen, bieten die ublichen Beweisquellen wie orthoepische Schriften, grammatische Abhandlungen, phonetische Schreibun-gen, zeitgenössische journalistische Kommentare und literarische Dialekte, kei-ne entsprechenden Unterlagen. Ein Prinzip etwa der 'auffassungsfähigen Er-kennung' von Sprachvariationen im Verhältnis zu einem 'externen Standard' (i.e., dem britischen Englisch) und einem sich in der Entwicklung befindenden 'internen Standard' (dem amerikanischen Englisch) dürfte jedoch die Einfor-migkeit der Kommentare und Beobachtungen erklären, trotz der dialektalen Unterschiede, die zur damaligen Zeit wohl existierten.
5
McCully, Chris B., and Richard M. Hogg. "Dialect Variation and Historical Metrics." Diachronica 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.11.1.04mcc.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY The form and distribution of Middle English poetic texts is neither accidental nor the sole consequence of French (or Latin) literary influence. In particular, we claim that changes in poetic form are enabled by language change, specifically and in the Middle English period by changes in word- and phrase-stress patterning. Such linguistic changes initially take place in different dialects at different rates. Since dialects show at least partial synchronic isomorphism between phonological and metrical forms, it is reasonable to explore the consequences of such isomorphism in Middle English, and come to some (tentative) conclusions about the metres, the alliterative patterning, and the di-atopic variation in Middle English verse. We include data and analyses connected with the coming of systematic rhyme, different forms of alliterative writing, metrical promotion and subordination, and isosyllabism. These help to justify the initial assumptions that dialect variation is metrically significant and that poetic form and change is enabled by changes in stress-patterning. RÉSUMÉ La forme et la disuibution des textes poétiques du moyen anglais n'est ni le résultat d'un accident ni entièrement la conséquence de l'influence littéraire française (ou latine). Nous prétendons, en particulier, que les changements dans la forme poétique deviennent possibles grâce aux changements dans la langue, plus spécifiquement, durant la période du moyen anglais, grâce aux changements au niveau de l'accentuation des mots et des phrases. Initialement, de tels changements linguistiques se produisent dans des dialectes différents et à des vitesses différentes. Puisque les dialectes démontrent un isomorphisme du moins partiellement synchronique entre les formes phonologiques et métriques, il semblerait raisonnable d'explorer les conséquences d'un tel isomorphisme en anglais moyen et d'en venir à quelques conclusions préliminaires sur sa métricité, son allitération et sa variation diatopique. Nous incluons, par ailleurs, les données et les analyses reliées à l'avènement de la rime systématique, aux diverses formes d'allitération, à la promotion et subordination métrique, aussi bien qu'à l'isosyllabisme. Tout cela contribue à justifier les suppositions initiales, voire que la variation dialectale a une importance de nature métrique et que la forme ainsi que le changement poétique sont motivés par des changements au niveau de l'accentuation. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Art und Verbreitung der mittelenglischen Literatur ist weder zufällig noch als das Ergebnis franzosischer (oder lateinischer) Einflüsse anzusehen. In diesem Aufsatz wird vornehmlich die Auffassung vertreten, daß Ânderungen in der dichterischen Form durch Sprachwandel ermoglicht werden. Während der mittelenglischen Periode geschah dies vor allem durch Ânderungen im Be-tonungsmuster von Wörtem und Wortgruppen. Solche sprachlichen Veränderungen traten in den verschiedenen Dialekten weder gleichzeitig noch regel-maßig auf. Da die Dialekte synchron gesehen zumindest teilweise eine Isomor-phie zwischen phonologischen und metrischen Strukturen aufweisen, lassen sich im Mittelenglischen einige Folgen dieser Isomorphic untersuchen. Sie erlauben zumindest einige vorläufige Schliisse iiber Metrik, Stabreimmuster und diatopische Varianten in der mittelenglischen Dichtung. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wurden Materialien und Analysen berücksichtigt, die sowohl mit dem Auftreten des Endreims als auch mit den verschiedenen Formen der Stabreim-dichtung zusammenhängen, etwa mit dem Isosyllabismus und der metrischen Profilierung oder Unterordnung. Dièse bestätigen großtenteils unsere An-nahmen, da8 Verschiedenenheiten innerhalb der Dialekte fur die Metrik von Bedeutung sind und da6 der Wandel in der poetischen Ausdrucksform durch Ànderungen im Wortbetonungsmuster ermoglicht wird.
6
Sanz-Sánchez, Israel. "Dialect contact as the cause for dialect change." Diachronica 30, no. 1 (April 12, 2013): 61–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.30.1.03san.
Full textAbstract:
This paper analyzes the genesis of New Mexican Spanish during the colonial period (17th and 18th centuries) as the consequence of ‘new dialect formation via koinéization’ (Trudgill 1986, 2004, Kerswill & Williams 2000, Kerswill & Trudgill 2005). It focuses primarily on the evidence for yeísmo, i.e. the merger of the medieval palatal lateral and palatal fricative phonemes, in a corpus of documents written in the century following the resettlement of New Mexico by Spanish speakers in 1693. The analysis shows that the resettlement involved contact between two groups of speakers exhibiting widely divergent levels of prevalence of the merger, causing the loss of the phonemic contrast in the community in as little as one generation. This contradicts several previous assumptions about the chronology of Latin American yeísmo and about the role of koinéization in the origins of New World Spanish. Resume Cette etude analyse la genese de l’espagnol du Nouveau-Mexique pendant la periode coloniale (17e et 18e siecles) en tant que consequence d’un processus de ‘formation d’un nouveau dialecte par nivellement dialectal’ (Trudgill 1986, 2004, Kerswill et Williams 2000, Kerswill et Trudgill 2005). L’etude se concentre principalement sur le yeismo, phenomene de fusion de deux phonemes distincts en espagnol medieval (une consonne laterale palatale et une fricative palatale), et ce dans un corpus de documents ecrits un siecle apres le retour des espagnols dans cette region en 1693. L’analyse montre que ce retour des espagnols a provoque le contact entre deux groupes de locuteurs qui presentaient chacun des differences nettes pour ce qui est de la confusion des deux phonemes, aboutissant a leur fusion, dans cette communaute, en a peine une generation. On soutient aussi que ces donnees contredisent plusieurs des hypotheses anterieures sur la chronologie du yeismo americain et sur le role qu’a joue le nivellement dialectal dans la diachronie de l’espagnol du Nouveau Monde. Zusammenfassung In diesem Beitrag wird die Entstehung des Spanischen in New Mexico wahrend der Kolonialzeit (17. und 18. Jahrhundert) als Folge eines Prozesses ‘neuer Dialekt-Bildung durch Koineisierung’ (Trudgill 1986, 2004, Kerswill und Williams 2000, Kerswill und Trudgill 2005) analysiert. Der Augenmerk liegt hauptsachlich auf den Beweisen fur yeismo, d.h. der Fusion zwischen zwei mittelalterlichen Palatalen, lateral und frikativ, in einem Korpus von Dokumenten, die im Jahrhundert nach der spanischen Umsiedlung Neumexikos 1693 geschrieben wurden. Die Analyse zeigt, dass durch die Umsiedlung zwei Gruppen von Sprechern, die enorm unterschiedliche Auspragungen dieser Fusion aufwiesen, in Kontakt gekommen sind. Dies fuhrte in dieser Gemeinschaft zu dem Verlust des phonemischen Kontrasts in weniger als einer Generation. Es wird auch argumentiert, dass diese Beweise einige fruhere Annahmen uber die Chronologie des lateinamerikanischen yeismo und uber die Rolle der Koineisierung in den Ursprungen der spanischen Sprache in der Neuen Welt widerspricht.
7
Lehmann, Winfred P. "Towards a History of Early Indo-European." Diachronica 16, no. 1 (August 6, 1999): 67–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.16.1.05leh.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARY The author argues that Indo-Europeanists must now set out to produce a history of the language to upgrade the 'purely systematic form' of Brug-mann's Grundriss (1897: xi) and Meillet's 'correspondences that are the sole reality for the comparatist to study' ( 1937[ 1922]:viii). Residues provide evidence for reconstructing Pre-Indo-Euopean, the earlier stage of Proto-Indo-European. The dialects must be investigated to identify more of these, and for innovations that provide perspective on the earlier structure. Our knowledge of the various types of language, notably the active, enables us to interpret them. Such study will lead to improved understanding of the history of the dialects and also that of Proto-Indo-European. RÉSUMÉ L'auteur soutient que les indo-européanistes doivent à l'heure actuelle entreprendre la création d'une histoire de la langue afin d'avancer plus loin que la 'forme purement systématique' du Grundriss (1897: xi) de Brugmann et "les concordances sont la seule realité qu'ait à étudier le comparatiste" de Meillet ( 1937[ 1922]:viii). Les débris historiques sont des indices permettant de reconstruire le pré-indo-européen, l'état de langue le plus ancien de l'indo-européen. Il faut examiner les dialectes afin d'en trouver davantage, ainsi que des innovations qui jettent de la lumière sur cet état de langue le plus ancien. Notre connaissance de divers types langagiers, notamment le type actif/statif, nous permettra d'interpréter ces faits. De telles études nous feront mieux comprendre l'histoire des divers dialectes de l'indo-européen, comme celle de l'indo-européen luimême. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Der Autor dieses Artikels ist der Ansicht, daB es an der Zeit sei, eine Sprachgeschichte zu erstellen, die uber die Auffassung hinausgeht, die in Brugmanns Grundriss (1897: xi, i.e., daB man nur "bloBe systematische Formen" rekonstruiere) sowie in Meillets Introduction à l'étude comparative ( 1937 [ 1922] : viii: "les correspondances sont la seule réalité qu'ait à étudier le comparatiste") vertreten wird. Ihm zufolge bieten strukturelle Ùberreste nutzliche Hinweise zur Rekonstruktion der vor-indoeuropäischen Grund-sprache, der fruheren Entwicklungsstufe des Protoindoeuropäischen. Um dies zu bewerkstelligen, müssen nicht nur einzelne Dialekte untersucht werden, um weitere solche Uberreste aufzufinden, sondern auch Neuerungen, die einen Ruckblick auf fruhere Formen ermöglichen. Unsere Kenntnisse der verschiedenen Strukturtypen von Sprachen, insbesondere von sog. aktiven, ermöglichen uns deren Interpretation. Ein solches Studium fuhrt zu einem besseren Verstandnis der Geschichte der einzelnen Dialekte, und auch des Protoindoeuropàischen.
8
Mahmoudzahi, Mousa, Agnes Korn, and Carina Jahani. "Synchronically unexpected /n/ in the Balochi dialect of Iranshahr." Orientalia Suecana Vol 62-68 (July 2019): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-389901.
Full textAbstract:
Through the passage of time, changes take place in any language. Balochi has experienced historical changes in different layers of its structure. The aim of this article is to describe cases of /n/ in a specific Balochi dialect that are synchronically unexpected because, for instance, the equivalent word in Persian or in other Balochi dialects does not have an /n/, or there are certain forms in the paradigm of a lexeme that do not contain /n/. The focus is on the dialect spoken in and around the regions of Bompur and Iranshahr in Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. The insertion of unetymological /n/ in words with more than one syllable often causes a change of syllable structure from an open to a closed syllable. It is possible that a preference for closed syllables has got the process of /n/ insertion underway. The reason why /n/ is chosen could be that /n/ is available for nasalization of a vowel. This nasal vowel can then be re-interpreted as VC.
9
Schreier, Daniel. "/h/ insertion as a ‘camouflage archaism’?" Diachronica 36, no. 1 (April 5, 2019): 37–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.17030.sch.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This article documents the historical development and synchronic variation of so-called “/h/ insertion” (/h/ before vowel-initial words such as apple, under, etc.). It argues that the maintenance of /h/ insertion in post-colonial English varieties around the world provides an ideal opportunity for research on language change under dialect contact scenarios involving British donors and other dialects. After an assessment of regional distribution patterns in current World Englishes, I present some first findings from a large-scale quantitative analysis of Tristan da Cunha English, where /h/ insertion, firmly attested yet nearing obsolescence in British English, has survived into the 21st century. The quantitative analysis provides important insights into donor attribution and competition-selection processes that accompany dialect contact and koinéization, with special reference to theoretical concepts such as colonial lag, feature pool formation and founder effects. A holistic application of the concept of colonial lag to post-colonial English varieties needs to be refined and critically assessed. I argue that entire linguistic systems (in the form of koinés) are not conservative as such but that arrested language (and dialect) change operates on a feature-specific level instead.
10
Tagliamonte, Sali A., and Jennifer Smith. "Layering, competition and a twist of fate." Diachronica 23, no. 2 (December 15, 2006): 341–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.23.2.06tag.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines an area of ongoing change in English — deontic modality — and uses an archive of synchronic dialect data from England, Scotland and Northern Ireland to discover new information about its development. History records a cline in this system from must to have to to have got to. By taking a cross-dialectal perspective and utilizing comparative sociolinguistic methods we present a possible reconstruction of the later steps in this process. The results reveal dialectal contrasts in the proportion of older and newer forms, but similar patterns of use. Must is obsolescent and there is an unanticipated resurgence of have to alongside pan-dialectal grammatical reorganization: (1) have to is being used in contexts traditionally encoded by must and (2) have got to is specializing for indefinite reference. Young women are the leading edge in these developments suggesting that systemic adjustments in grammar combine with sociolinguistic influences to advance linguistic change.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dida dialect"
1
Johansson, Andrew. "Lärarstudenters attityder till dia-, etno- och sociolekter : En metodprövande studie." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-529.
Full textAbstract:
Detta är en pilotundersökning vars syfte är att testa en metod för att undersöka hur attityder mot dialekter, etnolekter och sociolekter kan komma att influera den betygssättning som lärare har i uppgift att göra av elevers prestationer. Jag har valt att inte undersöka verksamma lärare, utan lärarstudenter som inom kort ska bli lärare och undersökningen vill visa hur deras eventuella fördomar och förutfattade meningar kan inverka på inställningen gentemot elever och på längre sikt kan komma att påverka betygsättningen av elever.
Lärarstudenterna fick lyssna till korta ljudbandsinspelningar där gymnasieelever presenterar sig själva. Därefter fick de besvara en enkät och ge underlag för denna pilotundersökning. Jag har även intervjuat två svensklärare och två gymnasieelever. Tanken var att dessa skulle ge besked om attityder till dialekter, etnolekter och sociolekter i skolvärlden.
Resultaten visar att metoden för att undersöka lärarstudenternas attityder till dialekt/etnolekt/sociolekt inte lämpar sig för att dra några slutsatser. De resultat som framkommit är inte av någon större vetenskaplig relevans, utan ger enbart data kring vilka det går att spekulera.
2
Xavier, Dennys Garcia. "Uno, Diada e demiurgia no Timeu de Platão." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281544.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Lucas AngioniDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T10:41:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Xavier_DennysGarcia_M.pdf: 7944534 bytes, checksum: 77e2496063769340dd4d68fef190b077 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Nesta dissertação, apresentamos e analisamos alguns dos fundamentos hermenêuticos e filosóficos a partir dos quais se propôs um Novo Paradigma de interpretação para a filosofia platônica. O Novo Paradigma representa uma alternativa ao critério hermenêutico tradicional originalmente concebido por F. Schleiermacher - na medida em que não só admite a legitimidade filosófica da tradição indireta dedicada ao platonismo, mas também lhe confere grande importância numa releitura dos diálogos e da filosofia de Platão. A confiar nos textos que compõem aquela tradição, nosso filósofo desenvolveu em lições orais apresentadas no recesso da Academia uma parte do seu pensamento que, por motivos didático-filosóficos, preferiu não registrar nos seus diálogos - ou registrar apenas por remissões e imagens analógicas. No entanto, ao contrário do que se poderia pensar, essas ágrapha dógmata de Platão não parecem ser compostas por elementos negligenciáveis ou de pouca importância filosófica: estariam contidos ali os ensinamentos acerca do que ele considerou os princípios supremos de toda a realidade, uma protologia que nos remete para além dos diálogos, mas, ao que tudo indica, em plena harmonia com eles. Além do estudo dos textos que sustentam a nova proposta interpretativa, apresentamos também uma sua aplicação prática, a partir de uma análise do papel do Demiurgo no diálogo Timeu de Platão. Nossa intenção neste "estudo de caso" do Timeu é lançar as bases de uma hipótese de leitura de um dos vários temas tratados no diálogo, possível apenas com a adoção de parte significativa do instrumental oferecido pelo Novo Paradigma. Em especial, tentamos demonstrar em que medida as operações protológicas supostamente pensadas por Platão podem se tomar valiosas chaves de compreensão tanto da natureza quanto do agir do Demiurgo e do princípio material sobre o qual ele imprime sua marca: a Necessidade, receptáculo de tudo o que devém
Abstract: In this paper we present and analyze some philosophical and hermeneutic foundations, which helped in the proposal of a New Paradigm of interpretation for the platonic philosophy. The New Paradigm represents an alternative to the traditional hermeneutic criterion - originally developed by F. Schleiermacher - because not only admits the philosophic legitimacy of the indirect tradition dedicated to Plato's philosophy, but also gives him a great importance in a rereading of Plato's dialogues and philosophy. Trusting the texts that take part in that tradition, our philosopher developed in oral lessons presented in the Academy' s break a part of his thought that, for philosophic-didactic purposes, he preferred not to register in his dialogues - or to register only by remissions and analogical images. On the other hand, these Plato's ágrapha dógmata don't seem to be constituted by negligible elements or with little philosophic importance: there were thought related to what he considered the uItimate principaIs of alI the reality, a Protology that address us beyond the dialogues, but, we can notice, a fuIl harmony with them. Besides the texts study that support the new interpretative proposal, we also present a practical application, from an analysis of Demiourgo' s role in the dialogue Timeu of Plato. Our intention in this study of Timeu is to throw the basis of a reading hypothesis of one of the several themes studied in the dialogue, possible only by adopting a significant part of the instrumental offered by the New Paradigm. Specially we tried to demonstrate in what ways the Protology operations supposed1y though by Plato, can become valuable keys for the comprehension of the nature, from Demiourgo' s way of acting and also of the material element where he leaves his marc: the Necessity, receiver of everything that is coming
Mestrado
Historia da Filosofia Antiga
Mestre em Filosofia
3
Nishimura, Kanehiro. "Vowel reduction and deletion in Italic effects of stress /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1579961591&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
4
Tsai, Yaping. "Aspects of distributivity in Mandarin Chinese." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 190 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1833642541&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
5
Tsang, Chi Chung Aaron. "Transitivity in Cantonese." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=764745701&SrchMode=2&sid=13&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233252640&clientId=23440.
Full text
6
Rinaldi, Camila Ladeira Scudeler. "Um olhar sobre a criação atoral e a relação com o espectador - os filhos da Dita." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27155/tde-26052014-143431/.
Full textAbstract:
Esta pesquisa debruça-se no meu processo de criação atoral no espetáculo Os filhos da Dita, do Núcleo Arlequins da Cooperativa Paulista de Teatro, tendo como base teórico/prática principal o treinamento psicofísico proposto pelo encenador-pedagogo Vsévolod Meyerhold, buscando sublinhar as demandas e possibilidades de uma postura política consequente em cena. A partir das relações estabelecidas desde a escolha do tema, o desenvolvimento da dramaturgia e posterior criação cênica propriamente dita, busco descrever os estímulos e motivações que me conduziram na criação cênica em diálogo com a estética desenvolvida pela companhia há 25 anos, e o posterior contato estabelecido com o espectador.This research lies on my acting creative process in the play called Os filhos da Dita, of Arlequins (Theatre group that belongs to the Cooperativa Paulista de Teatro), having as main theoretical/practical basis the psycho physical training proposed by pedagogue-director Vsévolod Meyerhold, aiming at underling the demands and possibilities of a consequent political posture on stage. Based on the relationships established with various artists involved in a creative process from choosing the play theme, dramaturgy development and following scenic creation, I describe the stimulus and motives that led me in the scenic creation. The procedures are developed in open dialogue with the esthetics held by the group in the last 25 years, and subsequent contact established with the audience.
7
Vázquez, Villamediana Daniel. "El conocimiento por montaje. La supervivència del pensamiento de Aby Warburg en la obra de Georges Didi-Huberman." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670942.
Full textAbstract:
La lectura realizada por el teórico de la imagen Georges Didi-Huberman de la obra de Aby Warburg (1866-1929), así de como de su terminología (Nachleben y Pathosformel), resultan hoy en día fundamentales para la comprensión de los textos del historiador del arte alemán. Sin embargo, el centro de la recuperación de la obra y del pensamiento de Aby Warburg por parte de Didi-Huberman se encuentra en el atlas Mnemosyne. El atlas -una disposición sinóptica de fotografías expuestas en diversos paneles que permitía pensar con imágenes- supondrá la base a partir de la cual Didi-Huberman desarrollará su propia teoría del montaje. Su original planteamiento es que el montaje se trata de una técnica que no solo ayuda a descubrir vínculos ocultos entre cosas dispares, sino que permitiría comprender el funcionamiento de la memoria de las imágenes y visibilizar sus distintas temporalidades. La intención de esta tesis será, por tanto, realizar un recorrido por la obra Didi-Huberman para comprender cómo ha leído a Aby Warburg, y de qué modo ha desarrollado su propia teoría del montaje de imágenes, entendido como una forma innovadora y productora de saberes que se caracteriza por su naturaleza transversal e interdisciplinaria.Georges Didi-Huberman´s reading of Aby Warburg´s work, as well as of its terminology (Nachleben and Pathosformel), is fundamental to the understanding of the texts of the German art historian. Moreover, at the centre of Didi-Huberman's recovery of Aby Warburg's work and thought the Mnemosyne atlas is to be found. The atlas -a synoptic arrangement of photographs displayed on various panels that allowed him to think in images- will form the starting point from which Didi-Huberman will develop his own theory of montage. Thus, the originality of this approach resides in the understanding of montage as a technique that does not only unravel hidden links between elements, but makes possible to understand how the memory and different temporalities of images work. Therefore, the thesis aims to revisit Didi-Huberman’s work in order to understand how he has read Aby Warburg, and how he has developed his genuine theory of image montage, understood as an innovative and knowledge-producing form that is characterised by its transversal and interdisciplinary nature.
8
Chitturi, Rahul. "Unsupervised dialect classification for real time data fusing of acoustic and language information /." 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1650513381&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=10361&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
9
Curry, Stewart A. "Small linguistics : phonological history and lexical loans in Nakijin dialect Okinawan /." Thesis, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765924061&SrchMode=1&sid=7&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233103038&clientId=23440.
Full text
10
Hachimi, Atiqa. "Dialect leveling, maintenance and urban identitiy in Morocco Fessi immigrants in Casablanca." Thesis, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=913513541&SrchMode=2&sid=10&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1234300212&clientId=23440.
Full textBooks on the topic "Dida dialect"
1
Lishan didan, targum didan: Translation language in a neo-Aramaic targum tradition. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press, 2008.
Find full text
2
Sebastiano, Grasso, ed. Osservantii dila lingua siciliana et canzoni inlo proprio idioma. Caltanissetta: Lussografica, 2008.
Find full text
4
Virgil. The Aeneid: (Penguin Classics Deluxe Edition). USA: Penguin Classics, 2008.
Find full text
9
Virgil. L' Eneide in ottava rima napoletana. Roma: Edizioni di G. e M. Benincasa, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Dida dialect"
1
Wallace, Rodrick. "Metabolic Constraints on the Evolution of Genetic Codes: Did Multiple Preaerobic’ Ecosystem Transitions Entrain Richer Dialects via Serial Endosymbiosis?" In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 204–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35524-0_9.
Full text
2
Van Rooy, Raf. "Putting the conceptual pair on the scholarly agenda." In Language or Dialect?, 171–82. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845713.003.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 13 illustrates how the eighteenth-century Dutch orientalist Albert Schultens repeatedly defined the term dialectus in a highly systematic fashion. Schultens analysed the conceptual pair principally in Aristotelian terms but tied it also to geographical factors and framed it in a language-historical scheme. He, moreover, contrasted the analogy of language to the anomaly of dialect. The Dutch orientalist extended the language,/,dialect distinction so as to include a third concept, that of degenerate offshoot, which, unlike a dialect, did not preserve the core of the language intact. He also insisted on the linguistic classes in which related dialects allegedly differed from one another. Schultens was a key figure, since he put the conceptualization of dialect on the scholarly agenda, albeit always as a matter of instrumental importance only, and triggered numerous follow-up discussions among his pupils and readers.
3
Horobin, Simon. "4. Standards." In The English Language: A Very Short Introduction, 61–83. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198709251.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Standard English is a fixed variety, intolerant of variation, and is used throughout the population of English users, irrespective of geography. Where did Standard English come from, how did it come to win such widespread acceptance in the face of so much disagreement, and what is its status today? ‘Standards’ explains that Standard English is a relatively recent phenomenon, which grew out of an eighteenth-century anxiety about the status of English, and which prompted a concern for the codification and ‘ascertaining’, or fixing, of English. Before the eighteenth century, dialect variation was the norm, both in speech and in writing. Spellings, dialects and pronunciation, and good grammar are all discussed.
4
"5. "Little did my poor mother know"." In The Ancient Dialect, 58–72. University of California Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520336674-006.
Full text
5
Van Rooy, Raf. "Hellenism, standardization, and info-lust." In Language or Dialect?, 81–92. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845713.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 6 frames the emergence of the language / dialect distinction in its sixteenth-century context. The rediscovery of the Ancient Greek dialects constituted, the chapter argues, a major pivoting point, as well as the standardization projects that were gathering steam and the information explosion enhanced by the commercialization of the printing press. Standardization was especially urgent in Protestant areas, where a uniform language was needed to convey the Word of God to all classes of society, while in Catholic Europe Latin remained the sole language of religion. Linguistic diversity became countable, as boundaries became more fixed. Paradoxically, humanists did not realize that they were introducing a new conceptual pair, assuming, instead, that this had been a Greek achievement. Yet they were, in fact, reading the language / dialect distinction into the ancient source texts. As a result, the new contrast was a product of subconscious appropriation and adaptation.
6
Davies, Stephen. "The Parallel Worlds of Seafarers." In Meeting Place. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390847.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
In the godowns, shipping offices, chandleries and dockyards a medley of voice did business in a multiplicity of languages and dialects. The goods they handled, shipped in from all over the world, represented as many ways of seeing and being, eating and dressing, living and dying. Yet there were disconnections as well as connections in this interface of interfaces. This chapter describes how the colonial government set apart seamen of different ethnic backgrounds by issuing different sets of regulations for seamen’s boarding houses according to whether they were lascars (Indians, Malays and others from South and Southeast Asia), Chinese or Westerners. Deepening the divides was the strong native-place and dialect-basis principle under which Chinese boarding houses were organized, indicating a certain degree of segregation among the Chinese themselves. The separateness is also shown in the different church missions, which ministered to seamen according to their ethnic origins.
7
Van Rooy, Raf. "Consolidation by elaboration." In Language or Dialect?, 147–58. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845713.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 11 draws the balance of the way in which the conceptual pair became anchored in the metalinguistic apparatus of scholars. It does so, first and foremost, by surveying the seven major interpretations of the language / dialect distinction which originated roughly in the century between 1550 and 1650, and the ways in which they interacted with each other. These conceptions were, the chapter argues, shaped by three main related circumstances: Greek tradition, scholarly interests, and sociolinguistic realities. The chapter contends that in the period 1550–1650 the conceptual pair did not undergo only consolidation by elaboration but also an emancipation from the Greek heritage. This de-Hellenization resulted in the degradation of dialect as secondary to language on nearly all levels, even though a strictly political interpretation of the distinction was only marginally present in the early modern period.
8
Van Rooy, Raf. "The conceptual pair in transition." In Language or Dialect?, 159–68. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845713.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 12 presents the book’s third case study, the Swedish scholar Georg Stiernhielm, a transitional figure. Driven by language-historical interests, Stiernhielm defined the conceptual pair in terms of substantial versus accidental differences. This Aristotelian interpretation he made very explicit, tying it to specific linguistic domains such as the lexicon and pronunciation. He moreover invoked mutual intelligibility in his definitions. As he was concerned in the first place with language history, his usage of the terms lingua and dialectus was also steeped in the diachronic interpretation. In the margin, the analogy / anomaly opposition and geography likewise shaped his conception of the distinction. The case of Stiernhielm, who probably did not know much Greek, confirms the tendency towards emancipation discussed in Chapter 11. It is, finally, no coincidence that his interest in the conceptual pair surfaced around 1650, just after he had met two erudite philologists: Christian Ravis and Claude de Saumaise.
9
Van Rooy, Raf. "From dogs and hounds to languages and dialects." In Language or Dialect?, 47–61. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845713.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 4 illustrates the way in which the Swiss humanist Conrad Gessner, an important language scholar, bibliographer, and zoologist, conceived of the Latin term dialectus in opposition to lingua. Renaissance intellectuals were confronted with a major information explosion, also on the languages of the world, and Gessner was one of the first to try and classify human speech in all its diversity. He did so in his Mithridates of 1555, the first ever language catalogue, in which the term dialectus frequently appeared. The word served to bring more nuance into the relationships between speech forms and is, as it was not in ancient and medieval times, clearly taken to be a variety of a language. For this interpretation, Gessner was inspired not only by ancient sources but also by the works of his contemporaries. Unlike Roger Bacon, the Swiss humanist was not an isolated pioneer, but the exponent of an early sixteenth-century trend.
10
Van Rooy, Raf. "A gentle goodbye?" In Language or Dialect?, 275–83. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845713.003.0022.
Full textAbstract:
Chapter 22 illustrates that even though many linguists nowadays tend to avoid the term dialect, it has been a major resource for new terminology, especially through -lect derivations. The recent terms doculect and languoid are particularly interesting as they are derived from (dia)lect and language, respectively. Terminology linked to the language / dialect distinction is still widely used and has been incorporated into conceptual constellations tailored to specific national contexts. It is, moreover, striking how noncommittal recent definitions of dialect are, as if linguists want to keep a safe distance from this tarnished term. The chapter’s final section draws the balance of the modern love-hate relationship with the conceptual pair. Five main attitudes can be distinguished, ranging from tacit preservation through explicit redefinition and supplementation to a quest for alternatives and downright dismissal. The unorganized nature of the debate on the subject is remarkable, as is the persistence of centuries-old interpretations.
Conference papers on the topic "Dida dialect"
1
Darjaa, Sakhia, Robert Sabo, Marian Trnka, Milan Rusko, and Gabriela Mucskova. "Automatic Recognition of Slovak Regional Dialects." In 2018 World Symposium on Digital Intelligence for Systems and Machines (DISA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/disa.2018.8490639.
Full text
2
AlAnsari, Noora Essa, Ali Idrissi, and Michael Grosvald. "The McGurk Effect in Qatari Arabic: Influences of Lexicality and Consonant Position." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0279.
Full textAbstract:
The McGurk effect is a psycholinguistic phenomenon where an illusion is made by dubbing an auditory element of one sound on a visual element of another sound, which leads to hearing a third sound. The phenomenon demonstrates how the perception of speech does not depend on audio inputs only. Rather, it shows how seeing the shape of the mouth while producing a certain sound can influence what we hear. Thus, it proves the interaction of both vision and auditory parameters in understanding language. In addition, what is known as “lexicality – the property of a word being real or not” influences speech perception. People, unconsciously, tend to alter nonwords to real words. For example, if one said “shtrength” instead of “strength”, a listener would alter and understand it as “strength”. For the purpose of the research, these two phenomena were combined. In this study, we test how effective is the McGurk effect on the Qatari Arabic dialect, which has not been investigated before. The data used were 24 minimal pairs of real and fake words with the substitution of the phonemes: /b/ and /g/ at three different positions: first, middle, final. Videos were made by dubbing audio recordings of the sound /b/ into video recordings of the sound /g/ in order to test if this creates an illusion of the sound /d/. We ran the experiment on 25 native Qatari female students, they had to sit on a computer with headphones on, watch and hear clearly what the person on the video is saying, and then they had to preform two tasks: first, lexical decision task: decide if the word is real or fake. Second, sound discrimination task: choose what sound did they hear. In general, the participants captured audio (which means they heard /b/) were only 16% of target trials, while visual capture occurred (which means they heard /g/) 45%, and the McGurk fusion (which means they heard /d/) happened on 39%. Interestingly, perceiving McGurk fusion was gradually less common at later consonants positions. A significant effect of lexicality was also found, as fusion was more likely to occur if the results of the fusion was a real word.
3
Villanueva Cajide, Beatriz. "Rem Koolhaas: Le Corbusier through the Looking-Glass." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.931.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: The present work aims to recover the part of Le Corbusier´s theoretical production that can be defined as Manifesto to analyze it since its comparison with the analogue written by Rem Koolhaas. Due to the brevity of the present paper it will be focus on the analogies between two main Manifestoes: Towards an Architecture (Le Corbusier, 1923) and Delirious New York (Rem Koolhaas, 1978). The dialectic between these two Manifestoes is summarized in four main points: the intention of the text -rasion d´être-, its structure, the tone they used for the correspondent Manifesto and the relationship with the architectonic work of the authors. As we will see, theoretical and audiovisual strategies are duplicated from the master to the pupil who, on top of that, is able to reinterpret and manipulate them in a way that makes possible for his Manifesto to be considered even more efficient than Le Corbusier´s, at least, in its intention to involve the largest number of people. This is possible thanks to the knowledge that Koolhaas has over media, cinema and latests technologies that allows him to express what could be identified with Le Corbusier´s original ideas but in a contemporary way, so they seem to be brand new and much more understandable for today´s society. In this way, Koolhaas could be understood also as a kind of Le Corbusier living in the world Through the Looking-Glass organized as Lewis Carroll did in his famous book Alice´s Adventures in Wonderland. Through the Looking-Glass and What Alice Found There. Keywords: Manifesto; Le Corbusier; Koolhaas; theory; architecture; communication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.931