Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Didactic unit'

Com o intuito de contribuir como parâmetro de avaliação de material didático para demais profissionais que trabalham com a língua inglesa, este trabalho, inserido na linha de pesquisa Ensino-Aprendizagem de Língua Estrangeira e no projeto Ensino-Crítico Reflexivo de Língua Estrangeira, tem como objetivo discutir a orientação didática para o ensino de leitura em inglês, proposto na unidade The Natural World do livro didático Great 2. A discussão ancora-se, principalmente, nos Parâmetros Curriculares de Língua Estrangeira (Brasil, 1998), pois as autoras do livro afirmam desenvolver um trabalho de acordo com esse documento. As perguntas de pesquisa que norteiam esse trabalho, baseados nos pressupostos teóricos dos PCN-LE (Brasil, 1998), Solé (1998), Nuttall (1985), Lousada (2005), Dias (2006), entre outros são: Como se caracterizam os textos para o desenvolvimento de leitura na unidade? De que forma a compreensão escrita é trabalhada na unidade? Qual a relação da proposta de leitura da unidade com a proposta dos PCN-LE (Brasil, 1998)? Para respondê-las, foram criadas categorias para análise relacionadas a cada uma delas. As conclusões demonstram que a unidade analisada apresenta relações com a proposta dos PCN-LE (Brasil, 1998) no tocante à leitura, no entanto, revelam inconsistência quanto às suas orientações didáticas, como a exploração do conhecimento de mundo, textual e sistêmico, pré-leitura, leitura e pós-leitura, além dos problemas na escolha dos textos.
In order to contribute as a parameter of evaluation for didactic materials for others professionals that work with English language, this paper, following the foreign language teaching-learning and the foreign language self critical project line of research, has the objective of discussing the didactic orientation to teaching reading in English, as proposed in the unit The natural World from the didactic book Great 2. The discussion is based mainly on Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais de Lingua Estrangeira (BRASIL, 1998) as the authors of the book claim to develop their work according to it. The questions of research that guide this paper, based on the theoretical suppositions of PCN-LE (BRASIL, 1998), Solé (1998), Nuttall (1985), Lousada (2005), Dias (2006) among others are: How are the reading development texts in the unit characterized? How is writing comprehension treated in the unit? What is the relationship between purpose of the unit reading and the purposed by PCN-LE (BRASIL, 1998)? To answer these analytical categories related to each question were created. The conclusions show that the unit analyzed relates well to the proposal of the PCN-LE (BRASIL, 1998) with respect to reading, however, they reveal inconsistency in relation to the didactic orientations such as, exploring knowledge of world, textual and systemic , pre-reading, reading and post-reading, other then problems in the choice of texts.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde, Instituto de Educação, 2012.
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Nesta pesquisa buscamos investigar através das ações educativas dos professores de Física em sala de aula do Ensino Médio, a implementação dos temas estruturadores no ensino e aprendizagem, de forma a desenvolver um aprendizado significativo dos conceitos físicos pelos estudantes. Os temas estruturadores foram propostos pelas Orientações Educacionais Complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN+, 2002), de forma que estes têm como seus objetivos desenvolver competências e habilidades dos estudantes, de maneira contextualizada e interdisciplinar, a fim de estruturar a prática pedagógica. Para investigar a potencialidade destes temas, apostamos no planejamento de um material baseado no tema estruturador “Calor, Ambiente, Formas e Usos de Energia” - conteúdo de Termodinâmica - na forma de uma Unidade Didática (UD) intitulada “Ensinando e aprendendo Física aumenta a temperatura”. No desenvolvimento da UD utilizamos os pressupostos contidos nos documentos oficiais, como a contextualização, o desenvolvimento de competências e integramos na pesquisa a teoria da aprendizagem significativa. Para análise dos dados, que emergiram dos parceiros de pesquisa (professores e alunos), utilizamos a Análise Textual Discursiva e a Estatística Descritiva. Com a Análise Textual Discursiva, onde ocorre um processo de unitarização e categorização, chegamos às seguintes categorias: Diálogo como mediador do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, O papel importante da metodologia para o ensino e aprendizagem em Física e Enxergando o papel da Física na escola a partir do (re) pensar da prática pedagógica. Estas foram discutidas a partir das falas dos parceiros de pesquisa e de teóricos que dialogam sobre esses conceitos. Com estatística descritiva mostramos uma análise sobre o crescimento do aprendizado dos estudantes sobre o conteúdo de Termodinâmica com a aplicação da UD. Esta pesquisa confirma que, em uma sala de aula onde há espaço para o diálogo e que o estudante entenda o motivo de aprender os conceitos físicos, o ensino da Física se torna algo prazeroso e que terá significado para sua vida presente e futura.
This research have as main goal the investigation of the implementation of structuring issues in the teaching and learning process through educational acts carried out by Physics teachers in high school so that students can experience meaningful learning of concepts in Physics. The structuring issues were recommended by the Complementary Educational Guidelines to the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN+, 2002) whose objective is to develop students’ competences and skills in a contextualized and interdisciplinary way, in order to structure the pedagogical practice. In order to investigate the potentiality of these issues, I have planned some material which is based on the structuring issue “Heat, Environment, Forms and Uses of Energy”, in Thermodynamics, and have created a Didactic Unit (DU) named “Teaching and learning Physics increases the temperature”. In order to develop the DU, I have used the premises found in official documents, such as the contextualization and the development of competences, besides integrating the theory of meaningful learning into the research. Data were provided by my research partners (teachers and students) and their analysis was carried out by Textual Discourse Analysis and by Descriptive Statistics. The former has led me to the following categories: Dialogue as a mediator in the teaching and learning process; the important role of methodology in the teaching and learning process in Physics: and Understanding at the role Physics plays in the school while (re)thinking about the pedagogical practice. The discussion of these categories was based on my partners’ speeches and on what theoreticians say about these concepts. Descriptive Statistics has enabled me to analyze the growth of students’ learning about the concept of Thermodynamics by applying the DU. This research confirms that a class becomes pleasant and meaningful for present and future life when there is space for dialogue and students understand the reason why they learn concepts in Physics.

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Esta é uma pesquisa mestrado desenvolvida no âmbito do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química do Instituto de Química da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, câmpus de Araraquara. A pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar sobre a implementação de Unidade Didática Multiestratégica (UDM) no âmbito das disciplinas de Instrumentação para o Ensino de Química e Estágio Curricular Supervisionado V. Para tanto, foi formulada o seguinte problema de pesquisa: de que modo a implementação de UDM incide sobre o princípio de um processo de construção do conhecimento profissional de professores de química em formação inicial? Para a consecução do objetivo de pesquisa, optou-se pela realização de uma pesquisa não-experimental quantitativa e qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. Com o intuito de operacionalizar o processo de investigação e viabilizar a resposta do problema de pesquisa, foram formuladas as seguintes questões de pesquisa: 1. quais são as concepções prévias acerca do conhecimento escolar dos licenciandos?; 2. quais são os conhecimentos explícitos dos licenciandos presentes no planejamento da UDM?; 3. quais conhecimentos implícitos presentes nos licenciandos são identificados na reflexão sobre a aplicação da UDM?; 4. como o processo de implementação de uma UDM incide sobre a explicitação, conscientização e crítica dos conhecimentos implícitos de professores de química em formação inicial? Conforme a abordagem de pesquisa escolhida, as fontes de informação foram: sujeitos e documentos. Os sujeitos foram: 15 alunos de graduação do curso de licenciatura em química que frequentaram as disciplinas de Instrumentação para o Ensino de Química e Estágio Curricular Supervisionado V, que foram ministradas no primeiro e segundo semestre de 2016, respectivamente. Os documentos utilizados foram: a elaboração de uma UDM e o trabalho em grupo para propor justificativas às modificações que foram realizadas na reelaboração da UDM. Como conclusão do estudo de caso, pode-se verificar que os licenciandos apresentaram concepções prévias acerca do conhecimento escolar bastante distantes de concepções marcadamente tradicionais, mostrando claros indícios de mudança e evolução de suas concepções de ensino e aprendizagem. Os conhecimentos explícitos da docência apresentam elementos que levam os licenciandos a elaborarem seu planejamento de acordo com teorias pedagógicas mais complexas e contemporâneas. Porém, foram identificados também alguns elementos característicos dos Enfoques Tradicional, Tecnicista e Espontaneísta. Evidenciaram-se a incidência e resistência de alguns conhecimentos implícitos relacionados a visões superficiais sobre os processos de ensino e aprendizagem e análises simplificadoras dos problemas enfrentados na prática, além da presença de rotinas não fundamentadas e pouco refletidas oriundas da formação ambiental. No entanto, o processo de reflexão crítica e fundamentada se mostrou profícuo e fez emergir alguns conhecimentos implícitos, bem como favoreceu o desenvolvimento do conhecimento profissional docente. Por fim, conclui-se que a implementação da UDM apresenta um grande potencial na formação de professores de ciências como profissionais reflexivos, críticos e pesquisadores da própria prática.
This is a master's degree research developed in the scope of the Graduate Program in Chemistry of the Institute of Chemistry of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Araraquara campuses. The research’s aim has been to investigate the implementation of a Multistrategic Teaching Unit (MTU) in the scope of the Instrumentation disciplines for Teaching Chemistry and Supervised Curricular Internship V. Therefore, the following research question have been formulated: how does the implementation of MTU affect the principle of a building process of the professional knowledge of chemistry teachers in initial formation? In order to achieve the research objective, a quantitative and qualitative non-experimental research of the case study type have been chosen. In order to operationalize the research process and make the research problem feasible, the following research questions have been formulated: 1. What are the previous conceptions about the school knowledge of the undergraduates ?; 2. What is the explicit knowledge of the undergraduates present in the planning of the MTU ?; 3. What implicit knowledge is identified in the MTU application ?; 4. How does the process of implementing a MTU promote awareness and criticism of the implicit knowledge identified and the development of professional teacher knowledge? According to the chosen research approach, the sources of information have been: subjects and documents. The subjects have been: 15 undergraduate students of the Chemistry course who have attended the courses of Instrumentation for Teaching Chemistry and Supervised Curricular Internship V, which have taught in the first and second semester of 2016, respectively. The documents that have been used: the elaboration of a MTU and the group work with justifications for the modifications that have been made in the re-elaboration of the MTU. As conclusion of the case study, it can be verified that the undergraduates have presented previous conceptions about the school knowledge quite distant of conceptions markedly traditional, showing clear signs of change and evolution of their conceptions of teaching and learning. The explicit knowledge of the teacher presents elements that lead him to elaborate his planning according to more complex and contemporary pedagogical theories. However, characteristic elements of the Traditional, Technicist and Spontaneist Approaches have also been identified. It has been evidenced the incidence and resistance of some implicit knowledge related to superficial visions about the teaching and learning process and simplifying analyzes of the problems faced in practice and the presence of unreflected and poorly thought out routines from environmental training. However, the process of critical and grounded reflection have been proved to be profitable and it have been given rise some implicit knowledge, as well this have favored the development of professional teacher knowledge. Finally, the MTU implementation has great potential in the training of science teachers as reflective professionals, critics and researchers of the practice itself, favoring a better development in professional teacher knowledge.

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Throughout the last years, interest in and the quantity of studies regarding the evolvement of each school subject with its transformations along time have increased. Motivated by these studies, we directed our attention to the Portuguese language field in the attempt to better know the constitution of this teaching through its textbook observing specifically the organization of the didactic units. It is our aim to investigate to what extent the didactic unit can be perceived as a discourse genre that organizes the Portuguese textbook. The research has a Bakhtinian theoretical background which allows understanding the didactic unit from the starting point of a socio-historical process and the textbook as one of the fundamental means to make sure the acquisition of knowledge within this very process. For the present study, three textbooks from different editions published in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s were analyzed. To support our investigation, we present cross-readings dealing with different historical researches focusing on the school subject of the Portuguese language, the textbook and the didactic unit of Portuguese. The investigation signals that changes which occurred in the process of organizing the didactic units are the result of a socio-historical process that enables small and progressive organizational modifications in the didactic units along the mentioned decades.
Nos últimos anos tem aumentado o interesse e o número de estudos relativo ao surgimento de cada disciplina escolar e suas transformações ao longo do tempo. Motivados por esses estudos, direcionamos nossa atenção para a área de conhecimento língua portuguesa, na tentativa de melhor conhecer a constituição desse ensino, através do livro didático dessa disciplina, olhando especificamente para a constituição das unidades didáticas. Propomo-nos como objetivo investigar em que medida a unidade didática pode se constituir em um gênero do discurso organizador do livro didático de português. A pesquisa se sustenta na perspectiva teórica bakhtiniana, que permite compreender a unidade didática a partir de um processo sócio-histórico, e o livro didático como um dos instrumentos responsáveis para assegurar a aquisição de saberes nesse mesmo processo. Para esta investigação foram analisados três livros didáticos de coleções diferentes publicadas em décadas distintas: 1960, 1970 e 1980. Para subsidiar a investigação apresentamos um diálogo com diferentes pesquisas históricas já realizadas envolvendo a disciplina curricular língua portuguesa, o livro didático e a unidade didática de língua portuguesa. A investigação nos indicia que as mudanças ocorridas no processo de constituição das unidades didáticas são resultado de um processo sócio-histórico que possibilita pequenas e progressivas alterações nas unidades em decorrência de sua constituição ao longo das décadas.

La thèse porte aussi bien sur les portails de ressources en accès libre sur le Web et l’introduction des technologies en éducation. Elle s’appuie sur une approche anthropologique du didactique qui s’intéresse à la diffusion des connaissances dans la société et qui offre un cadre de référence à l’analyse du fonctionnement de systèmes didactiques instrumentés par les technologies. Notre étude porte sur le dispositif Thermoptim-UNIT et son portail de ressources pédagogiques numériques diffusées en libre accès sur le Web. Pour étudier les effets de l’introduction de ce dispositif dans l’enseignement de la discipline, nous considérons d’abord la place de l’enseignement de la thermodynamique appliquée aux systèmes énergétiques dans la situation particulière de l’école MINES ParisTech, pour comprendre comment et sous quelles conditions et contraintes s’opèrent la diffusion et la transposition de cette science au niveau de la société. Nous examinons ensuite le rôle joué par l’introduction progressive des technologies éducatives dans l’enseignement de la discipline. Notre méthodologie s’appuie dans un premier temps sur l’analyse des traces de l’activité sur le portail, puis sur des enquêtes par questionnaires et entretiens auprès des utilisateurs. En s’intéressant plus particulièrement aux effets du dispositif sur le travail des enseignants, notre étude s’organise autour de deux axes de recherche majeurs : les effets du recours aux technologies et aux technologies éducatives sur la transposition didactique de la thermodynamique appliquée aux systèmes énergétiques, ainsi que les effets perceptibles et déclarés de l’utilisation du dispositif sur l’enseignement de la discipline
This work lies within the framework both of a research on open access Web portals and of the introduction of educational technologies. It is based on the anthropological theory of the didactic that studies knowledge diffusion in society and offers a reference framework to analyse the functioning of didactic systems instrumented by technologies. Our research studies the Thermoptim-UNIT portal and its open access educational resources portal. In order to study the effects of introducing this educational setting on the teaching of the discipline, we first consider the situation of teaching thermodynamics applied to energetic systems in the specific context of MINES ParisTech graduate school, to understand how and under which conditions and constraints the diffusion and transposition of this science are operating in society. We then examine the role played by the progressive introduction of educational technologies on teaching the discipline. Our methodology first relies on the analysis of activity traces on the portal, then on questionnaire surveys and user interviews. Looking more specifically at the effects of the educational setting on teachers’ work, our study is organised into two major research axes: 1/ the effects of technologies and the use of learning technologies on the didactical transposition of thermodynamics applied to energetic systems; 2/ the perceptible and declared effects of the use of this setting for teaching the discipline

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This research aims at investigating the perceptions that students from Adult s Education (EJA) reveal about a didactic unit and how it can contribute with their English language learning process. The theoretical bases for this study are Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais Língua Estrangeira (Brasil,1998), Proposta Curricular para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos: segundo segmento do Ensino Fundamental: 5ª a 8ª série: Língua Estrangeira (Brasil, 2002) which is the official document for this segment and the sociointeracionist approach suggested by Vygotsky (1994,1995). In addition, the concepts of materials development and evaluation proposed by Tomlinson (1998), Dudley-Evans e St John (1998), Graves (2000) and Leffa (2003) are relevant to this research. This study was conducted in the teacher-researcher s classroom with 5 students of the 4th term of Adult s Education (EJA) of a public school in São Paulo. The data were collected in the second semester of 2006 by questionnaires, teacher s diary and audio recordings. In relation to the learning process, the results revealed perceptions about four contents: strategic, systemic, attitudinal and knowledge of diverse content. Furthermore, it could increase their awareness of ethics, consumerism and citizenship
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar as percepções que os alunos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) revelam sobre uma unidade didática e verificar como essa unidade pode contribuir para a aprendizagem de língua inglesa desse grupo. Este estudo fundamenta-se nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais Língua Estrangeira (Brasil, 1998), na Proposta Curricular para a Educação de Jovens e Adultos: segundo segmento do Ensino Fundamental: 5ª a 8ª série: Língua Estrangeira (Brasil, 2002a) que é documento para o segmento e na abordagem sociointeracionista de ensino-aprendizagem proposta por Vygotsky (1994, 1995). Também foram relevantes para este estudo os critérios para elaboração e avaliação de material didático para o ensino-aprendizagem de língua estrangeira sugeridos por Tomlinson (1998), Dudley-Evans e St John (1998), Graves (2000) e Leffa (2003). A pesquisa foi realizada na sala de aula da professora-pesquisadora com 5 alunos focais do 4º termo da Educação de Jovens e Adultos da rede municipal de São Paulo. A coleta de dados realizou-se no segundo semestre de 2006, por meio de questionários, diários reflexivos da professora-pesquisadora e gravações de aulas em áudio. Em relação à aprendizagem, os resultados revelam percepções relacionadas a quatro tipos de conteúdo: estratégico, sistêmico, atitudinal e aprendizagem de conteúdo diverso. Aliado a isso, pôde despertar nos alunos a consciência sobre as relações de consumo, ética e cidadania

Aim The overall aim of this thesis is to create knowledge about caring and learning as an intertwining phenomenon at a Dedicated Education Unit and how it can be developed. Approach and method A lifeworld approach, based on the phenomenological philosophies foremost derived from Husserl and Merleau-Ponty was used and carried out in lifeworld interviews and with meaning-oriented analysis in accordance with reflective lifeworld research. The participants were: 13 student nurses (study I), 11 patients (study II), 8 supervisors (study III) all from the same DEU in orthopedic care and 10 managers from various DEUs (study IV). Main findings Intertwined caring and learning is most evident in genuine encounters between students and patients, supported by supervisors and managers. The intertwining is created in appealing challenges where students feel safe and ready. In the encounter with the patient they gain a sense of the whole where they can find their personal style. Patients, who feel invited to participate, could describe the encounter with students as genuine and a new dimension in nursing care. These encounters are characterized by closeness, thoroughness, accessibility, acknowledgement and sensitivity. When the encounter is less genuine, supervisors constitute an essential support for stabilizing the care.  Supervisors constantly move in order to either stay close to or stand back, adjusting to the students’ and patients’ needs. Their demanding task as reflective supervisors requires pauses in order to maintain motivation. The managers’ daily struggle in a stressful and challenging reality is influenced by them either having or taking responsibility. Differences in approaches are shown in terms of more or less involvement and commitment in caring environment and educational issues.  Conclusions Genuine encounters are characterized by the core of both caring and learning and will thereby benefit both the students and the patients. Identifying and supporting genuine encounters is necessary for students, supervisors and managers. It is time to find ways to develop a unified view of how caring and learning can be intertwined.

This thesis on the ways of implementation of entrepreneurship education in the Czech business school system describes entrepreneurship and education as two such extraordinary opportunities that need to be leveraged and interconnected if we are to develop the human capital required for building the societies of the future. It sees the entrepreneurship education as the engine fuelling innovation, employment generation and economic growth. The thesis consolidates existing knowledge and good practices in entrepreneurship education around the area that covers the lifelong learning process, starting with youth individuals. It searches for the effective goals of Czech educational system that prepare the current and future generations of entrepreneurs, workers, teachers, managers and individuals with the skills needed to succeed and help others. The research on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial skills is provided. The core methodology components contain observation, questionnaire survey, school documentation analysis, personal managed conversation and statistical interpretation using the method of T-test. The thesis consolidates sharing and development of innovative new tools, approaches and delivery methods suitable for entrepreneurship courses. Achieving the EU goals, it also urges didactic action and provides recommendations to teachers, government, school management and universities on the development and delivery of effective education programmes for entrepreneurship. Finally, the thesis forms the objectives of entrepreneurship education as a critical component for addressing the global challenges of the 21st century. They should be clear from the start and outcomes should be measured to ensure that the intended results are being delivered.

Den här studien undersöker gymnasieelevers begreppsförståelse inom trigonometri. Eleverna, som samtliga läser Ma 4, besvarade anonymt två frågeformulär där det ena bestod av en öppen fråga, medan det andra var upplagt som ett test med uppgifter att lösa. Den kvalitativa analysen baseras på Tall och Vinners (1981) teori om begreppsbild och Sfards (1991) uppdelning av begreppsförståelse i de tre processerna interiorisering, kondensering och reifiering. Resultatet indikerar att elever tenderar att använda cirkeltrigonometri före triangeltrigonometri för att lösa uppgifter, men att majoriteten av deras begreppsbilder består av både och. Det visade sig att radianer var det trigonometriska begrepp eleverna hade svårast för. Detta stämmer överens med tidigare forskning på området. Tre elever analyseras djupare med avseende på hur långt de har kommit i sin utveckling av begreppsförståelse inom trigonometri. Det ges även exempel på hur utvecklingsfaserna kan ge sig till uttryck hos enskilda elever. Såväl begreppsbild som vilka stadier eleverna befinner sig på i sin begreppsförståelse varierar stort.
This study investigates the conceptual understanding of high school students in a trigonometry context. The students, all of them taking the Swedish math course Ma 4, anonymously answered two questionnaires, one of them containing an open question, while the other was constructed like a test with problems to solve. The qualitative analysis is based on Tall & Vinner’s (1981) theory of concept image and Sfard’s (1991) division of conceptual understanding into the three processes interiorization, condensation and reification. The result indicates that students tend to use circle trigonometry over triangle trigonometry for problem solving, however the majority of their concept images consist of both. Radians seemed to be the trigonometrical concept that the students had most trouble understanding. This corresponds with earlier research of trigonometry. In the analysis three students are more deeply analysed, based on how far they have come in their development of trigonometric conceptual understanding. Furthermore there are concrete examples of how the phases of development can be presented among individual students. The concept image as well as the levels of the students’ conceptual understanding vary considerably.

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A dissertação de mestrado se refere a um estudo de currículo de Ciências, cuja questão de pesquisa é problematizar a fragmentação curricular da disciplina de Ciências no 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental em escolas públicas municipais da cidade de Turuçu, e, a partir da análise do currículo, desenvolver ações para desfragmentar o ensino de Ciências na Escola Caldas Júnior, articulando os conceitos de Química, Física e Biologia, em oposição à “hiperdisciplinarização” característica da disciplina de Ciências no último ano do Ensino Fundamental. Entre as atividades planejadas para as unidades didáticas Energia, Alimentação e Atividades Agrícolas na Comunidade, estão aulas dialogadas, atividades práticas, leituras, produções textuais, debates e seminários, e pesquisas com o uso de diversas fontes, envolvendo conhecimentos de diferentes áreas das Ciências. A pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo, teve como ações a investigação em planos de curso da disciplina, em entrevistas com a supervisora das escolas, com uma professora de Ciências e com os estudantes participantes, em materiais produzidos pelos alunos e em registros em diário de bordo. Para análise dos dados, optou-se por uma aproximação ao método hermenêutico-dialético que promove uma interpretação aproximada da realidade. A realização do estudo mostrou que a utilização de unidades didáticas, com ênfase na contextualização e na interdisciplinaridade, integrando conteúdos de diferentes áreas de Ciências, pode ser uma forma de minimizar a fragmentação do currículo. Considerando que o contexto e o planejamento de uma (re) organização curricular para o ensino são definidos e validados pela postura do professor, esse ao buscar desenvolver aprendizagens conceituais, procedimentais e atitudinais em seus alunos, exercita sua autonomia e faz escolhas, daí a importância da formação continuada de professores, a qual possibilita a reflexão sobre o “ser professor/a” e mostra a relevância da pesquisa na prática docente.
This thesis refers to a study of Science curriculum, whose question of research is to discuss the curriculum fragmentation of Science discipline to the 9th grade of elementary school, in public schools of the city of Turuçu. The objective of the research, from the analysis of the curriculum, is to think on actions to defragment the teaching of science in Caldas Junior school, articulating the concepts of Chemistry, Physics and Biology, as opposed to "hiperdisciplinarização", feature of Science discipline in the last year of elementary school. Among the activities planned to the didactic units Energy, Food and Agricultural Activities in the Community are: development of dialogues in class, practical activities, readings, textual productions, debates and seminars, and research using various sources, involving knowledge from different fields of science. The research is a qualitative one andinvestigates the plans of the discipline course through interviews with the supervisor of the schools, with a science teacher and with the students, in the materials produced by the students and in the records of the logbook. For data analysis, we opted for an approach to the hermeneutic-dialectic method that promotes an approximate interpretation of reality. The accomplishment of the study showed that the use of didactic units, with an emphasis on context and interdisciplinary, integrating content from different areas of science, can be a way to minimize the fragmentation of the curriculum. Considering that the context and the planning of a curriculum (re) organization for teaching are defined and validated by the teacher's stance, uponseeking to develop conceptual, procedural and attitudinal learning, they reach their autonomy and are able to make choices, hence the importance of continuing education for teachers, as this allows reflection on "being a teacher” and shows the relevance of research in teaching practice.

Certains étudiants américains, à Washington notamment, déclarent arrêter l’apprentissage du français ou renoncer à se spécialiser en français, car ils estiment que les cours proposés ne correspondent pas à leurs attentes. Le but principal de cette recherche a été d’essayer de formuler des propositions pour enseigner le français de la manière la plus motivante et la plus efficace dans le contexte universitaire washingtonien où nous enseignons. A cette fin, nous avons tenté de mettre en évidence les caractéristiques dominantes des représentations, des attentes et des besoins des étudiants, afin de pouvoir définir les objectifs principaux à retenir pour l’élaboration de nouvelles offres de cours. Nous avons également voulu témoigner du fait que l’enseignement-apprentissage d’une langue étrangère est indissociable de son contexte social et historique, et que cette interdépendance contribue à déterminer le contenu du curriculum proposé aux étudiants. Le français représente tout d’abord une langue de culture et ensuite une langue internationale. Les étudiants attendent une offre de cours variés, en rapport avec leurs intérêts de vie future et la carrière professionnelle qu’ils envisagent [politique internationale, diplomatie]. Les thèmes abordés ainsi que la compétence de communication sont revendiqués comme objectifs prioritaires dans l’élaboration des programmes. Cependant, les étudiants n’attendent pas uniquement des cours de langue en rapport avec leurs sujets d’étude. Ils sont également demandeurs, en majorité, de cours de littérature, mais d’une littérature vivante, communicative. La structure multipolaire des représentations explique les demandes complexes des étudiants
Some American students, in Washington in particular, have decided to stop studying French or have abandoned plans to specialize in French because they think that the courses offered do not correspond to their expectations. The primary goal of this research is to offer strategies to teach French in the most motivating possible way given the context of the Washington, DC-based universities that form the basis of this research. With this goal in mind, this research examines the dominant characteristics of students’representations, expectations, and needs in order to most accurately define the main objectives which are to be taken into consideration when developing new course offerings. This research also highlights that the teaching and learning of a foreign language is dependent on its social and temporal context, and that this interdependence helps determine the content of the curriculum offered to the students. French is, above all, a language of culture and, secondly, an international language. Students expect a wide variety of course offerings that relate to their interests and their intended career paths [eg, international politics or diplomacy]. When developing French programs, subject matter and communicative competency should be the priority considerations. However, students are not exclusively interested in language courses related to their primary area[s] of study. The majority of students are also interested in literature, but in literature that is alive and communicative. Students’ complex desires can be explained by the multipolar structure of their representations of the French language

The Master Thesis deals with the problem of didactical processing of the curriculum of economic integration and European Union for business academies. The main goal of this work is to bring useful output which should make the process of teaching this topic easier for teachers. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is devoted to analyzing law regulations and educational programs which should lead to defining necessary requirements for teaching this topic. The practical part builds on the theoretical outcome. A theoretical presentation of the topic of economic integration and European Union is presented at the beginning of the practical part. Afterwards, the practical part focuses on creating a database of questions and tasks for practicing and evaluating students knowledge of this topic. In addition, results of a questionnaire research are presented afterwards. The research was conducted among the teachers and students of Karlínská Business Academy in Prague 8 who received the output of this work. The work is finished with a conclusion connected with a recommendation which was gained during the process of creating this Master Thesis.

Cette thèse en anglais de spécialité s'inscrit dans le champ de la recherche en didactique de l'anglais juridique. Elle a pour objet d'observer si les séries judiciaires télévisuelles américaines contemporaines peuvent être une représentation fidèle de la procédure accusatoire en vigueur aux Etats-Unis. La première partie présente notre cadre théorique et méthodologique. Elle s'ouvre sur une réflexion concernant le champ de l'anglais juridique et les supports pédagogiques à la disposition des enseignants de cette spécialité. Dans la deuxième partie, nous analysons en quoi les séries contemporaines sont des illustrations fidèles de la procédure et au discours spécialisé. Dans notre troisième partie, nous observons en quoi les séries judiciaires peuvent être un support motivant pour l'apprentissage de l'anglais juridique
This dissertation focuses on the field of English for Special Purposes (ESP). It aims at analysing whether contemporary american TV series are reliable sources of information for the teaching of legal English to French law students. Part 1 presents the theoretical and methodological framework of this research. It begins with a reflexion on the definition of legal English and a presentation of all the documents that teachers can use in order to illustrate the common law system. Part 2 focuses on the analysis of specialised content and discourse that one may find in TV series. Part 3 is dedicated to exploring the use of TV series in class from a motivational perspective. Finally we provide several teaching scenarios which imply the use of TV series in order to teach legal English

Este trabalho apresenta o relato de um projeto desenvolvido junto a uma turma do segundo ano de um curso da modalidade Normal (antigo magistério), durante todo o ano letivo de 2004, no colégio Santa Catarina, situado em Novo Hamburgo. Nosso objetivo foi o de implementar unidades didáticas com um caráter fortemente conceitual para contribuir para uma aprendizagem significativa por parte de nossos alunos. Dentre as unidades trabalhadas, abordamos a teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e Joseph Novak.Também desenvolvemos uma unidade específica sobre mapas conceituais, uma vez que estes foram nosso principal instrumento de avaliação juntamente com a construção de histórias em quadrinhos. A discussão sobre a natureza do conhecimento cientifico também se fez presente em nossa abordagem. Elaboramos, de forma conceitual e livre de qualquer formalismo matemático, uma unidade didática sobre modelos atômicos e partículas elementares, com o objetivo de ampliar o conhecimento dos alunos e também desmitificar conceitos de Física Contemporânea como muito complexos para o ensino médio. Na seqüência a abordagem feita sob forma de unidade didática foi sobre tópicos de eletricidade e eletromagnetismo. Nossa metodologia foi baseada na utilização de textos pré-elaborados, aulas expositivas, discussões em sala de aula, utilização de simulações computacionais e experimentos práticos sobre os tópicos abordados. Quanto à formação continuada, propomos a utilização de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem (denominado InterAge), construído a partir de problemas da prática pedagógica de professores. Neste ambiente todo o material de pesquisa sobre o assunto como também os textos construídos para utilização nas unidades didáticas trabalhadas, estão disponibilizados e poderão ser utilizados por docentes já em atividade.Como resultado de nossa proposta verificamos uma considerável tendência por parte dos alunos, em passar a enxergar a Física como uma Ciência bonita e instigante. Também constatamos uma rica relação entre os conceitos estudados com base nos mapas conceituais elaborados e também nas histórias em quadrinhos. A Física como matéria mais próxima de uma abordagem nas séries iniciais também foi uma concepção presente nas respostas dos alunos em questionário final por nós aplicado. O produto educacional de nosso trabalho se constitui em textos sobre as unidades didáticas implementadas, bem como uma situação-problema e material disponibilizado no ambiente virtual supracitado.
In this work we present a project developed in high school classes in the context of a preparation course for elementary teachers. It took place during the year of 2004 in the Santa Catarina School in the city of Novo Hamburgo. We intended to implement didactical units with a conceptual emphasis and contribute to student‟s meaningful learning. We developed the following units: The theory of David Ausubel concerning meaningful learning; conceptual maps; the nature of scientific knowledge; atomic models; elementary particles and electromagnetism. For the in-service preparation we proposed the use of a virtual learning environment called InterAge that was thought to help teachers to reflect about their practice. Some results obtained in the scope of our project were evidence of student‟s conceptual changes concerning critical views of science, physical concepts and, mainly the need to consider seriously about the introduction of Physics in elementary school. Our educational products were texts on the didactical units and their organization in the virtual environment above.

En esta investigación se aborda el tratamiento de la fraseología periférica y, más específicamente, de la clase de las Unidades Fraseológicas Pragmáticas (UFP), en la enseñanza y aprendizaje del español y del italiano como lenguas extranjeras. Ante el papel que esta unidades juegan en el desarrollo de las competencias fraseológica y comunicativa global, así como las lagunas que, a pesar del creciente interés que despiertan los estudios fraseológicos, siguen afectando a esta parcela, nuestro objetivo es definir las especificidades que su didáctica implica y proponer un acercamiento práctico a la misma. Valiéndonos del marco metodológico de la Investigación en la Acción Educativa combinado con un análisis cualitativo-interpretativo, hemos diseñado y testado en el aula un modelo didáctico operativo, llamado Modelo Fraseológico-Pragmático (Mo.Fra.P.), a través del cual planteamos unos recursos y procedimientos, tanto lingüístico-fraseológicos como pedagógicos, susceptibles de ser aplicados al proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las UFP.
This dissertation analyzes the treatment of the peripheral area of the phraseological repertoire, especially Phraseological-Pragmatic Units (UFP), in the teaching environment of Spanish and Italian as foreign languages. This work describes the specificities of UFP pedagogy and, especially, provides a practical approach to it, considering the role played by these units in students’ development of phraseological competence and, consequently, in their global communicative competence, as well as the gaps that, despite increasing interest in phraseological studies, continue to affect this area. Making use of the Action Research framework combined with a qualitative/interpretive analysis, the author designed and tested an operative model, called Phraseological-Pragmatic Model (Mo.Fra.P.), with students in class, by means of suggesting linguistic-phraseological and didactic resources and methods, that can be applied to the teaching and learning of UFP.
Nel presente studio si analizza il trattamento riservato alla fraseologia periferica, in particolare alle Unità Fraseologico-Pragmatiche (UFP), nell’ambito dell’insegnamento e apprendimento dello spagnolo e dell’italiano como lingue straniere. Tenendo conto del ruolo che queste unità svolgono ai fini dello sviluppo della competenza fraseologica y comunicativa globale e, allo stesso tempo, delle lacune che, nonostante il crescente interesse suscitato dagli studi fraseologici, permangono in questa area, l’obiettivo è definire le specificità che la didattica delle UFP implica e proporre un approccio pratico alla medesima. Servendoci della metodologia della ricerca nell’azione educativa combinata con un’indagine qualitativo-interpretativa, abbiamo disegnato e testato in aula un modello didattico operativo, che prende il nome di Modello Fraseologico-Pragmatico (Mo.Fra.P.), mediante il quale proponiamo una serie di risorse e procedimenti, linguistico-fraseologici e pedagogici, da applicarsi nell’ambito del processo di insegnamento e apprendimento delle UFP.

À partir de quarante-huit extraits empruntés à dix-huit manuels de Portugais Langue Étrangère (PLE) publiés au Brésil et aux États-Unis entre 1954 et 2008, s’effectuera une analyse de la représentation de la brésilianité – traduction du mot « brasilidade » en portugais, un concept qui condense les principales caractéristiques de la culture et de l’histoire brésiliennes – depuis sa construction à l’époque du Brésil colonial (1500-1815), jusqu’à son utilisation à l’ère de la mondialisation (période considérée à partir des années 1950). En me basant sur le système de conception des auteurs, j’observe que la manuélisation ne se limite pas à rendre compte des ruptures et des continuités qui s’établissent entre le savoir savant et le savoir réellement enseigné, ce qui équivaudrait à un cas spécifique de transposition didactique (Verret 1975). Bien davantage, ces extraits corroborent l’idée selon laquelle les manuels dont ils sont issus expriment un ensemble d’idéologies, en particulier l’idéologie du bonheur (Ellul, 1998), caractéristique fréquemment attribuée aux images d’un certain Brésil ainsi réduit à n’être perçu que comme un lieu de joie, dansant et chantant (Almeida Filho, 2005)
This analysis of the representations of Brazilianness (translation of the word « brasilidade » in Portuguese, a concept that embodies the main features of Brazilian culture and history) – from its construction in colonial Brazil (1500-1815) through to its use in the era of globalization (starting in the 1950s) – is based on forty-eight excerpts taken from eighteen Portuguese as a Foreign Language textbooks published in Brazil and the United States from 1954 to 2008: considering the authors’ process of conception, it can be noted that manualization is not only satisfied by the interruptions and continuities established between scholarly knowledge and knowledge to be taught, which would be classed as a specific case of didactic transposition (Verret 1975). These excerpts confirm the idea that their respective textbooks express certain ideologies, which include the ideology of happiness (Ellul, 1998), a characteristic frequently attributed to images of Brazil as a joyful place where singing and dancing abound (Almeida Filho, 2005)
Por intermédio de quarenta e oito excertos provenientes de dezoito manuais de Português Língua Estrangeira (PLE) publicados no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos entre 1954 e 2008, são analisadas as representações da brasilidade (conceito que concentra as principais características da cultura e da história nacionais) – desde sua construção no período do Brasil colonial (1500-1815) até seu uso na era da globalização (a partir da década de 1950): partindo do sistema de concepções dos autores percebe-se que a manualização não se satisfaz apenas com as rupturas e continuidades estabelecidas entre o saber sábio e o saber a ser ensinado; o que seria um caso específico de transposição didática (Verret 1975). Tais extratos validam a idea de que seus respectivos manuais expressam certas ideologias; dentre elas, a ideologia da felicidade (Ellul, 1998), característica frequentemente atribuída às imagens do Brasil enquanto lugar de alegria cantante e dançante (Ameida Filho, 2005)

Name:Use of Didactic Styles in the Training Process of Football Youth The Aim of the Thesis: The work is aimed at the use of didactic styles in the training process of football youth in connection with quality improvement of the training unit. By means of the video camera I will watch, evaluate and compare two football coaches of youth categories working for the Bohemians 1905 Club. Further, the target is to carry out a model training unit using a wide range of didactic styles. Methodology: In order to reach the results I will use two methods. The first method lies in watching and making video recordings which will be consequently noted down and analysed. The second method consists in questioning the coaches using the form of a short half structured interview. Results: The work results deal with comparing the work of two coaches focusing on the frequency of using the didactic control styles during youth football training units. Coach Peter, who used the didactic styles more often during training units, reached better results than coach Filip. After evaluating the results I recorded together with coach Peter a model training unit for didactic styles in order to have a feedback for the coaches. The DVD recording is enclosed to this work. Key Words: Football, didactic control styles, coach, player,...

Resumé This diploma thesis deals with the didactic potential of Roald Dahl's books and examines their possible use at primary schools. The purpose of this thesis is a deeper analysis of the two of Roald Dahl's works (Danny, the Champion of the World and Charlie and the Chocolate Factory). The thesis focuses on both-the didactical and the literary theory analysis. The teaching units, which are part of the thesis, are based on the parts from the two mentioned Dahl's books. The choice of the parts and methods is didactically commented. Based on the practical credentials, the results are reflected throughout the teaching units. The work also gives information about Roald Dahl's life and contextualizes his works into his life. Last but not least, the thesis focuses on a mini-research of the amount of Dahl's texts in reading-books for the pupils of the fourth grade at primary schools.

Dissertação de mestrado em Espanhol Língua Segunda / Língua Estrangeira
La enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera cada vez es más popular entre los estudiantes chinos y es notable su presencia en las aulas de las escuelas de español en España. El docente cuando afronta la enseñanza de ELE ante este alumnado, debe tener en cuenta las características y sus necesidades, así como sus motivaciones, para desarrollar una metodología que sepa recoger todo esto y facilitar el proceso de aprendizaje. Es básico ser conscientes de todas las diferencias existentes, que van desde la lengua y su escritura hasta ámbitos como la cultura. En esta línea, se van a analizar los contrastes entre el chino y el español, ya que ayuda a comprender mejor los errores y la evolución en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes chinos. Además, hay que tener presente los diferentes estilos de aprendizaje y cómo afrontan el proceso en función de las lenguas que conocen y de la metodología que se aplica en el aula. Por último, el material que se utiliza en el aula es fundamental y debe ser un elemento facilitador que se adapte a las especificaciones de los alumnos, por lo que es básico realizar un análisis y una selección de aquellos materiales diseñados especialmente para estos. En base a estos resultados, se va a diseñar una unidad didáctica que recoja aquellas recomendaciones y especificaciones que faciliten el aprendizaje del español para sinohablantes en contexto de inmersión.
The teaching of Spanish as a foreign language is becoming increasingly popular among Chinese students and its presence in Spanish schools in Spain is notable. The content of ELE teaching to these students must take into account the characteristics and their needs, as well as their motivations, so that you can learn the learning process. It is basic to be all the existing differences, ranging from the language and its writing to the fields such as culture. In this line, the contrasts between Chinese and Spanish will be analyzed, the help to better understand the errors and the evolution in the learning of Chinese students. In addition, we must take into account the different learning styles and how to deal with the process in the function of the languages that are known and the methodology that is applied in the classroom. Finally, the material used in the classroom is fundamental and should be a facilitating element that adapts to the specifications of the students, so it is essential to perform an analysis and a selection of the materials that are used especially for these. Based on these results, it is a didactic unit that offers recommendations and specifications that facilitate the learning of Spanish for users in the context of immersion.

Title of the thesis: Analysis of the training unit for football older prepare players with a different level of performance. Objective of the thesis: Identify the representation of didactic forms and types of training processes in the older football product categories, taking into account the different performance level of the club (professional vs. amateur). Solving methods: Solution Methods: An indirect observation method was used to analyze when we used two camcorders to shoot two training units per week for each team. (AC Sparta Prague, SK Slavia Praha, FK Motorlet and SK Aritma). The training records were subsequently evaluated. Results: Comparison of professional clubs and amateurs had the most significant difference in game exercises, which was 38.3% for AC Sparta and SK Slavia vs. 22.8% for FK Motorlet and SK Aritma. On the other hand, amateur clubs used more training play (39.7%) compared to 22% AC Sparta and SK Slavia. There was no significant difference in socio-interactive forms, just as professional clubs make more use of group form, especially because of the higher number of trainers per training unit. A more significant difference was also seen in the training process where professional clubs use more fitness training than amateur (28% to 10%). Of all the results we have not found...

Dissertação de mestrado em Español como Segunda Lengua (L2) y Lengua Extranjera (LE)
En la actualidad, las relaciones entre los países conllevan al desarrollo de la competencia lingüística y sociocultural. La globalización y el intercambio de relaciones entre China y los países hispánicos en diversas áreas, conlleva a la necesidad del dominio de una lengua extranjera. El español ha expandido a nivel global, por lo tanto, ha crecido la necesidad de crear y proponer contenidos y materiales didácticos que potencien la enseñanza/aprendizaje de esta lengua en este contexto educativo. Para aprender una lengua, es importante también aprender la cultura en donde está sumergida, pues así se puede evitar malentendidos y conflictos culturales. Con el cruce de la educación y el mundo digital, las TIC pueden tener un papel importante en la enseñanza de lenguas, en este caso, del español. En este TFM, trataremos de hacer breves definiciones de los conceptos de Cultura y TIC, bien como comprender el mejor método de enseñar y aprender contenidos culturales españoles en la enseñanza del español para alumnos chinos, creando una unidad didáctica digital.
Atualmente, as relações entre os países levam a que seja necessário desenvolver as competências linguísticas e socioculturais. A globalização e a troca de relações, em várias áreas, entre a China e os países hispânicos, transmite a necessidade de um domínio de uma língua estrangeira. A língua espanhola expandiu-se pelo mundo, por isso há a necessidade de criar e propor conteúdos e materiais de ensino que melhorem o ensino e a aprendizagem desta língua neste contexto educacional. Para aprender uma língua, também é importante aprender a cultura na qual ela está imersa, para evitar malentendidos e conflitos culturais. Com a junção da educação e do mundo digital, as TIC podem desempenhar um papel importante no ensino de línguas, neste caso, do espanhol. Neste TFM, não só apresentaremos algumas definições dos conceitos de cultura e TIC, como também pretendemos dar a entender qual o melhor método para ensinar e aprender a cultura em contexto do ensino da língua espanhola, criando uma unidade didática digital para alunos chineses.
Nowadays, relations between countries means that language and sociocultural skills must be developed. The globalization and the exchange of relations between China and Hispanic countries in various areas conveys the need for mastery a foreign language. The Spanish language has expanded around the world, so there is a need to create and propose teaching content and materials that improve the teaching and learning of this language in an educational context. For learning a language, it is also important to learn the culture in which it is immersed, to avoid misunderstandings and cultural conflicts. By bringing education and the digital world together, ICTs can play an important role in language teaching, in this case Spanish. In this TFM, we will expose some definitions of the concepts of culture and ICT, as well as understanding what is the best method for teaching and learning culture in the context of Spanish language teaching, creating a digital didactic unit for Chinese students.

The diploma thesis deals with the topic of integration of the Czech republic to the European Union and its teaching in civic education at lower secondary school. By the initial analysis of the work I will set down the most important outcomes in curriculum the task of the didactic procedures. The topic is represented in the educational area Man in Society and in the cross- curricural subject Education Towards Thinking in European and Global Contexts contained in Framework Education Programme for Elementary Education. Suggestions of didactic procedures are the main part of the thesis. They will follow the pupils' own experience and they should help them to realize the ifluence of membership in the European Union on their everyday life. Each topic begins with an introduction of the issue, which contains a brief theoretical background of the topic. The thesis will present selected actual problem solved at the European level, students will be led to critical thinking and expressing their own attitude based on orientation in legal and social aspects. The thesis will contain information background for teachers and specific didactic materials for pupils.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
A variety of minority groups are present in the readings of Spanish and Latin American literature classes; however, there is a lack of representation of homosexual themes in the readings. This paper takes a look at what homosexual themes are present in the literature anthologies in current use, and then suggest a teaching unit and methodology for how one can implement these topics into a literature class. The paper provides a sound basis for teachers who are trying to introduce these issues into their classes. [Language - Spanish]

When students learn caring during clinical practice, the usual point of departure is thatcaring and learning coexist, as separate and parallel phenomena. There is, however, a needto study how caring and learning relate to one another, as well as when and how theyconverge. The aim of this dissertation is to describe how caring and learning converge inthe encounters between students and patients, in a dedicated educational unit withinpsychiatric care, as experienced by students, patients, and supervisors. Describing howsupervisory support can facilitate this is another aim. A reflective lifeworld approach basedon phenomenological philosophy has been applied. Data were collected through interviews,participant observations with follow-up interviews, and narrative diaries.The result shows that caring and learning converge in those encounters between studentsand patients which are characterized by reciprocity, wherein the patient’s narrative is thepoint of departure, complemented by the student’s listening and inquiring attitude. It ishere, that the desire for and pursuit of health and understanding, give the reciprocalinteraction power. The common desire of those involved to know, to become accustomedto the new and unfamiliar, as well as the presence of a feeling of responsibility for oneanother, create questions which in turn create opportunities wherein students and patientsare available to one another.The dissertation shows that learning in a caring context can be complex. Despite theirbeing prerequisites for one another, competition and conflicts can occur when the caringand learning perspectives are not equally attended to. When they are placed counter to oneanother, there is a risk that reciprocal interaction is hindered, which can cause loneliness forall involved. For convergence to occur most propitiously, those involved must exist in acaring and learning togetherness. Responsible and present supervisors are needed, whocreate possibilities for the perspectives to converge through maintenance and monitoring, sothat caring and learning receive equal space.A didactic concept has been developed based on the dissertation’s result, focusing on themeaning of creating forums where students’, patients’, and supervisors’ caringconsiderations and reflections can intertwine.

This diploma thesis focuses on the appropriate and effective use of film and serial adaptations of topics falling into the period of communist totalitarianism in Czechoslovakia (that is between 1948 and 1989, with emphasis on the period 1948-1969). The thesis is divided into four chapters, whereas the main part, which is didactic, is described in the third and fourth chapter. The first chapter describes the basic historical context of the communist government in Czechoslovakia between 1948 and 1989. It also shows and explains the origin of the idea of communism, the further development of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia during the First Republic, and the postwar Third Republic. This chapter was put together using found edited sources and secondary literature. The second chapter deals with individual film and serial processing of topics related to the period. It presents specific films and series which were produced in the most recent years (or the post-revolutionary period), but also materials produced during the totalitarianism before 1989. In this chapter some works are discussed in greater detail, others are presented as selected alternative options for interaction for educational purposes. The third chapter summarizes the didactic and historical potential of the discussed topic, it also...

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskestudenter kan genomföra verksamhetsförlagd utbildning inom utbildningsvårdavdelningar. En modell benämns Utvecklande och Lärande Vårdenhet (ULVE), där studenter handleds och vårdar i par. Det finns studier som visar att modellen stödjer studenters lärande, men det finns få studier om hur patienter upplever det att vårdas av studenter i par. Därför är det intressant att undersöka hur patienterna ser på att det är två studenter som vårdar dem och hur de upplever den vård de får. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att vårdas av sjuksköterskestudenter som handleds och vårdar i par. Metod: Studien är genomförd med en reflekterande livsvärldsansats grundad i fenomenologisk kunskapsteori. Fenomenet i studien är ”Att vårdas av sjuksköterskestudenter som vårdar och handleds i par”. Data har samlats in via intervjuer av sjutton patienter som vårdats inom ULVE. Resultat: Att vårdas av studenter som handleds i par innebär att bli involverad i studenternas lärande och att mötas av ansvarstagande och en vilja att vårda och lära.  Patienterna känner trygghet och är positivt inställda till att vårdas av studentpar. Tilltro till att vården ges med stöd av handledning bidrar även till trygghet i vårdsituationen. Resultatet beskrivs vidare med innebördselementen: Involverad i lärande och vårdande, Att vara i centrum för vård, Tilltro och tillit till vårdens kvalitet och Att få något utöver det ”vanliga”. Konklusion: Studien visar att patienter som vårdas av studenter som handleds och vårdar i par sätts i centrum, blir tagna på allvar och lyssnade till som människor. Det visar sig i respektfulla möten som präglas av omtänksamhet, engagemang, närvaro och där behov tillgodoses. Studien stödjer att studenter ger god vård när de handleds och vårdar  i par.
Background: Nursing students can complete clinical training in educational hospital wards. A model called Developing and Learning Care Unit (ULVE), where students care and supports in pair. Studies show that the model supports student learning, but there are few studies about how patients perceive to be cared for by students in pairs. It would be of interest to examine what patient’s experience are, what they think about being cared of students who work in pairs and if they believe that they receive good care.  Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how patients’ experience being cared for by student nurses who are caring and supervised in pairs.     Method: The study was conducted with a reflective lifeworld approach based on phenomenological epistemology. The phenomenon of the study is ”to be cared for by  student nurses caring and supports in pairs”. Data was collected through interviews of seventeen patients cared for  within ULVE.       Results: The care of students who are supported in pairs means to become involved in student learning and to meet the responsibility and a desire to nurture and learn. Patients feel secure and are positive to be looked after by student nurses in pair.  Confidence in the healthcare provided under the supervision also contributes to security in the care situation. The result is further described with four meaningful elements: Being involved  in learning and caring, being the center of care,  confidence and trust in the quality of care and  getting something out of the ”ordinary”. Conclusion: The study showed that patients cared by pairs of students is taken seriously and humanly during supervision of nursing clinician and it focuses in a patient centered care. This method of pair nursing students care shows respect, thoughtfulness, engagement and presence to patients where needs are fulfilled.

Ensinar uma língua estrangeira significa literalmente abrir as portas dum mundo completamente novo aos estudantes não nativos. Neste contexto o professor, além de transmitir a língua em si, concebida em termos de gramática e léxico, faz-se portador da cultura e dos costumes do povo. As expressões idiomáticas, sendo elas extremamente ligadas à cultura dos falantes, cumprem perfeitamente este papel e é por isso que o objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a importância do ensino destas unidades fraseológicas, em específico para aprendentes nativos italianos de português como língua estrangeira. Aprender as expressões idiomáticas tem vários benefícios como: aquisição de competências comunicativas, enriquecimento do léxico, melhor compreensão dos diferentes registos linguísticos e conhecimento da cultura. Começamos o estudo com o enquadramento teórico, analisando as expressões idiomáticas de acordo com a fraseologia. A seguir, apresentamos o questionário que aplicámos a estudantes italianos e uma breve entrevista a um informante-chave, professor de português em Itália. A seguir à análise dos dados obtidos, observámos algumas estratégias didáticas para introduzir as expressões idiomáticas na sala de aula. Os resultados desta pesquisa estão na base da elaboração de algumas atividades para o ensino destas expressões. As atividades são elaboradas para estudantes italianos e abrangem vários níveis de proficiência linguística
Teaching a foreign language literally means opening the doors to an unknown world for the non-native students. In this context the teacher, on top of conveying the language itself, in terms of grammar and lexicon, becomes the bearer of the culture and customs of the country. Since idioms are extremely culture-bound, they can perfectly cover this role and it is for this reason that the purpose of this work is analyzing the importance of teaching idioms, specifically for Italian native students of Portuguese as a foreign language. Learning idioms has several benefits such as: acquisition of communicative competencies, enrichment of vocabulary, better understanding of the different linguistic registers and better knowledge of culture. This thesis begins with a theoretical framework analyzing idioms according to Phraseology. Afterwards, we applied a questionnaire to Italian native students of Portuguese as a foreign language and we briefly interviewed a key informant, a Portuguese teacher in Italy. After the analysis of the data obtained, we examined some didactic strategies to introduce idioms in class and the results of this research provided the basis for the elaborations of activities to teach idioms. The activities are addressed to Italian learners and cover different levels of linguistic proficiency.

This study centres on curriculum development for a master craftsman level in the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries which is didactically sound and takes cognisance of the dynamic vocational education and training milieu in which it occurs. Curriculum and curriculum development is viewed from a systems perspective and incorporates the specific andragogic didactic needs of the learner target group as well as the unique needs of an industrial sector. Because the National Qualification Framework model advocates an outcomes-based approach to curriculum development this necessitated the identification of a suitable standards generating process to articulate the master craftsman unit standards into a qualification capable of being recognised by the National Qualification Framework. The nature and complexity of the underpinning knowledge, skills and competencies for the master craftsman level were quantified and qualified by means of skills and competency profiling and the development of a job outcome taxonomy of skills, knowledge and attributes which incorporated critical cross field and fundamental skills, and their underpinning knowledge requirements. Using aspects ofvarious vocational education and training models and empirical research course content was sourced, evaluated and developed into appropriate modules of learning that are congruent with the accepted competency based modular training system used in the Industries. Course maps that integrate theory and practice were developed with multi skilling milestones linked to learner certification. Evaluation of resources for the delivery of the Master Craftsman Programme was facilitated by means of a provider quality assessment and accreditation system. The interactive teaching-learning situation and the evaluation processes and procedures were developed to enhance the assessment of applied competencies in the world of work. A pilot study and unit standards generating activities are to be used as a means of implementing and institutionalising the master craftsman curriculum. The findings of this study revealed that by viewing the curriculum from a systems perspective and using a suitable curriculum development model a creative master craftsman curriculum development process could take place. The competency profiling technique and taxonomy of competencies, skills, knowledge and attributes enabled the curriculum process to be a top-down approach which is outcomes-based.
Didactics
D.Ed. (Didactics)