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Journal articles on the topic 'Dielectric measurement'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 22 February 2023

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1

Kundenko, M., O. Egorova, I. Shinkarenko, I. Boroday, and A. Kundenko. "MEASUREMENT OF DIELECTRIC PERMEABILITY OF BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES." UKRAINIAN BLACK SEA REGION AGRARIAN SCIENCE 99, no. 3 (2018): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/2313-092x/2018-3(99)-15.

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2

Mandrić Radivojević, Vanja, Slavko Rupčić, Mario Srnović, and Goran Benšić. "Measuring the Dielectric Constant of Paper Using a Parallel Plate Capacitor." International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems 9, no. 1 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.9.1.1.

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This article is a result of measuring the dielectric constant of a dielectric used in studying the influence of dielectrics on the antennae reflection coefficients. A paper having a density of 0.797 g/cm3, moisture content of 0% and temperature of 210C, is used as a dielectric. Although the literature provides a lot of data on the dielectric properties of wood and paper, without direct measurement of the dielectric constant it is impossible to know its amount for the dielectric used in the defined frequency range. Dielectric constant measurements are performed in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz, while the frequency range of its impact on the aperture antenna reflection coefficients is up to 2 GHz. The frequency range from 100 KHz to 10 GHz is interpolated and fitted by using measurements and available literature data and by respecting physical influences and phenomena and functional changes of the dielectric constant of paper within the given range

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3

Grigoriev, Andrey D. "NEW WAVEGUIDE METHOD FOR DIELECTRIC PARAMETER MEASUREMENT." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics, no. 5 (December 6, 2018): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2018-21-5-33-38.

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Perfect knowledge of dielectric parameters is necessary for its application in various devices. In spite of the whole range of measurement techniques, their practical implementation in the microwave frequency band runs into some difficulties. This article describes a new method for nonmagnetic dielectrics permittivity and loss tangent measurement in the microwave frequency band. A dielectric specimen slab is placed in the short-circuited waveguide section normal to its axis and fills the whole cross-section of the waveguide at approximately quarter wavelength from its short-circuited endpoint. By means of the vector network analyzer the waveguide section reflection factor is measured. Objective function is de-termined as difference between calculated and measured module and phase of the reflection factor. Specific code for ob-jective function calculation and its minimization is worked out. Minimization of this function by varying dielectric parameters makes it possible to find real values of these parameters. The method needs no de-embedding and can be used with non-calibrated waveguide-to-coax transitions. Also it is less sensitive to the noise component of reflected signal. The testing results show that new method’s error does not exceed 0.2 % for relative permittivity and 1% for dielectric loss tangent.

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4

Krupka, Jerzy. "Microwave Measurements of Electromagnetic Properties of Materials." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 5097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175097.

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A review of measurement methods of the basic electromagnetic parameters of materials at microwave frequencies is presented. Materials under study include dielectrics, semiconductors, conductors, superconductors, and ferrites. Measurement methods of the complex permittivity, the complex permeability tensor, and the complex conductivity and related parameters, such as resistivity, the sheet resistance, and the ferromagnetic linewidth are considered. For dielectrics and ferrites, the knowledge of their complex permittivity and the complex permeability at microwave frequencies is of practical interest. Microwave measurements allow contactless measurements of their resistivity, conductivity, and sheet resistance. These days contactless conductivity measurements have become more and more important, due to the progress in materials technology and the development of new materials intended for the electronic industry such as graphene, GaN, and SiC. Some of these materials, such as GaN and SiC are not measurable with the four-point probe technique, even if they are conducting. Measurement fixtures that are described in this paper include sections of transmission lines, resonance cavities, and dielectric resonators.

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5

Russell, P. E., Z. J. Radzimski, D. A. Ricks, and J. P. Vitarelli. "Electron beam testing of multilevel metal integrated circuits." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 830–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100088464.

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Fundamentally, voltage contrast is a well established technique for determination of voltages on metal surface which can be directly probed with an electron beam. However, actual integrated circuits (IC) consist of two or more conducting layers (metal and doped polysilicon) separated by dielectrics and covered by a dielectric passivation layer. Our work has addressed: i) the removal of dielectric layers (depassivation) by reactive ion etching (RIE) or selectively by focused ion beam etching to allow access to exposed metal lines; ii) modelling effort to understand how the materials and geometric parameters of multilevel IC's affect voltage contrast measurements, and iii) improvements in retarding field spectrometer based measurement techniques.

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6

Novák, Ján. "Electric Properties Measurement of Lentil." Acta Technologica Agriculturae 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ata-2018-0004.

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AbstractThis paper contains the results of the electric properties measurement of lentil set. Electric measurements with use of these materials are of fundamental importance in relation to the analysis of quantity of absorbed water and dielectric heating characteristics. The aim of this paper was to perform the measurements of conductivity, dielectric constant and loss tangent on samples of lentil, the electrical properties of which had not been sufficiently measured. Measurements were performed under various moisture contents, and the frequency of electric field ranged from 1 MHz to 16 MHz, using a Q meter with coaxial probe. It was concluded that conductivity, relative permittivity and loss tangent increased with an increase in moisture content, and dielectric constant and loss tangent decreased as the frequency of electric field increased.

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7

Yokomizo, Satoshi, Takuya Hoshina, Hiroaki Takeda, Katsuya Taniguchi, Youichi Mizuno, Hirokazu Chazono, Osamu Sakurai, and Takaaki Tsurumi. "Evolution of Internal Stress and Influence on Dielectric Properties by Number of Dielectric Layers in MLCC." Key Engineering Materials 445 (July 2010): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.445.31.

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We researched the phenomenon that the permittivity of dielectric layers in multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) increases with the number of dielectric layers. Finite element method (FEM) shows that the internal residual stress in MLCC was generated by the difference of thermal expansion coefficient between internal electrodes and dielectric layers. We developed a electric measurement system with applying external stress for understanding the stress influence on dielectric properties. The compressive stress along electric field increased the polarization. The polar nano regions (PNRs) in shell composition dielectrics were easily influenced by stress. Based on these results, the relationship between the number of dielectric layers and their permittivity in MLCCs was explained.

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8

Lee, Chih-Kuo, Jack McGhee, Christos Tsipogiannis, Shiyu Zhang, Darren Cadman, Athanasios Goulas, Tom Whittaker, et al. "Evaluation of Microwave Characterization Methods for Additively Manufactured Materials." Designs 3, no. 4 (September 25, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/designs3040047.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has become more important and common in recent years. Advantages of AM include the ability to rapidly design and fabricate samples much faster than traditional manufacturing processes and to create complex internal geometries. Materials are crucial components of microwave systems and proper and accurate measurement of their dielectric properties is important to aid a high level of accuracy in design. There are numerous measurement techniques and finding the most appropriate method is important and requires consideration of all different factors and limitations. One limitation of sample preparation is that the sample size needs to fit in the measurement method. By utilizing the advantage of additive manufacturing, the material can be characterized using different measurement methods. In this paper, the additive manufacturing process and dielectric measurement methods have been critically reviewed. The test specimens for measuring dielectric properties were fabricated using fused filament fabrication (FFF)-based additive manufacturing and were measured using four different commercial dielectric properties measurement instruments including split post dielectric resonator (SPDR), rectangular waveguide, TE01δ cavity resonator, and open resonator. The measured results from the four techniques have been compared and have shown reasonable agreement with measurements within a 10 percent range.

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9

Hao, Jing, Xiangdong Xu, and Nathaniel Taylor. "An Electrode Setup for Non-contact Dielectric Response Measurement." Proceedings of the Nordic Insulation Symposium, no. 26 (August 8, 2019): 88–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5324/nordis.v0i26.3284.

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The dielectric response measurement is a widely used technique for characterizing dielectric materials. However, the contact problems between samples and electrodes existing in the use of conventional electrode setup limit the accuracy of the measurement. This paper studies an electrode arrangement that avoids direct contacts of the sample with the electrodes on both sides. The edge effect of this arrangement is calculated by the FEM model. The equations to derive the complex permittivity are presented. The measurement instrument is described and the influence of the small voltage between its measure and guard terminals is analyzed. The error sensitivities of the non-contact and contact methods are compared. The results show that this electrode arrangement can be used to perform non-contact measurements, the edge effect of it is not significant, and the guard voltage is not an obstacle to obtain results with high accuracy. Overall, the non-contact electrode arrangement combined with the IDAX 300 can potentially improve the accuracy of dielectric response measurements although the non-contact methods can increase the sensitivities to errors.

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10

Cohick, Zane W., Samuel C. Schaub, Brad W. Hoff, Frederick W. Dynys, Anthony E. Baros, Maxwell Telmer, Haylie Orozco, et al. "High temperature W-band complex permittivity measurements of thermally cycled ceramic-metal composites: AlN:Mo with 0.25 to 4.0 vol% Mo from 25 °C to 1000 °C in air." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (October 19, 2021): 015901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac2ca6.

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Abstract An apparatus for measuring the W-band (75–110 GHz) complex permittivity of dielectrics at 1000 °C was developed. This apparatus allows for measurements at approximately twice the temperature of previously published high temperature free-space measurement systems while maintaining similar precision. Challenges were addressed related to high temperature measurements, including temperature uniformity, the accuracy of temperature measurements, and preventing temperature related changes to mm-wave measurement systems. The details of complex permittivity extraction from the measured S-parameters are discussed. Sources of error related to permittivity measurement and mathematical models were identified and are discussed in detail herein. Thermally-cycled, mm-wave absorbing, aluminum nitride ceramic composites containing varying levels of molybdenum additives were measured over the range of 25 °C–1000 °C. These measurements were compared to the same composites before thermal cycling. It was found that ceramic composites are largely stable after thermal cycling in terms of dielectric properties despite the presence of visible surface modifications.

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11

Cohick, Zane W., Samuel C. Schaub, Brad W. Hoff, Frederick W. Dynys, Anthony E. Baros, Maxwell Telmer, Haylie Orozco, et al. "High temperature W-band complex permittivity measurements of thermally cycled ceramic-metal composites: AlN:Mo with 0.25 to 4.0 vol% Mo from 25 °C to 1000 °C in air." Measurement Science and Technology 33, no. 1 (October 19, 2021): 015901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac2ca6.

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Abstract An apparatus for measuring the W-band (75–110 GHz) complex permittivity of dielectrics at 1000 °C was developed. This apparatus allows for measurements at approximately twice the temperature of previously published high temperature free-space measurement systems while maintaining similar precision. Challenges were addressed related to high temperature measurements, including temperature uniformity, the accuracy of temperature measurements, and preventing temperature related changes to mm-wave measurement systems. The details of complex permittivity extraction from the measured S-parameters are discussed. Sources of error related to permittivity measurement and mathematical models were identified and are discussed in detail herein. Thermally-cycled, mm-wave absorbing, aluminum nitride ceramic composites containing varying levels of molybdenum additives were measured over the range of 25 °C–1000 °C. These measurements were compared to the same composites before thermal cycling. It was found that ceramic composites are largely stable after thermal cycling in terms of dielectric properties despite the presence of visible surface modifications.

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12

Kumhála, F., Z. Kvíz, J. Kmoch, and V. Prošek. "Dynamic laboratory measurement with dielectric sensor for forage mass flow determination." Research in Agricultural Engineering 53, No. 4 (January 7, 2008): 149–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1959-rae.

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A new parallel plate capacitance sensor was built consisting of two metal sheets. The sensor – a capacitor and the whole oscillating circuit was driven at 27 MHz frequency. Dynamic laboratory experiments were performed with grass from a natural meadow in order to evaluate the possibility of the forage mass flow determination by means of this sensor. The results revealed a relatively strong linear relationship between the feed rates of the wet forage crop material passing through the sensor between its plates and the measured capacitance sensor circuit output frequency. The coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) varied from 0.9 to 0.96. Further improvement of the electronic circuit connection and further investigation of the sensor can be recommended.

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13

Rakov, Aleksei, Vladimir Zhukov, Artem Kukanov, and Vladimir Ukhandeev. "Set of measuring test fixtures for PCB materials research." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 07003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193007003.

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Designed and manufactured set of measuring test fixtures for printed circuit board (PCB) materials research and characterization is described in this article. Attention is paid to special designed test vehicle “General board” which includes six types of transmission lines that are used for PCB materials characterization by two measurement methods. Measurements of the frequency dependencies of the dielectric constant and dielectric loss for a number of the most widely used PCB substrates are presented. The comparison of the measurement results made by two measurement methods is also shown. The influence of the inhomogeneities of the PCB dielectric and some differences in the extracted material parameters data correlated with electro-magnetic fields structure in different transmission lines is demonstrated. In addition it is shown that measurements performed using “General board” can be used for characterization of the losses due to PCB surface plating.

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14

Treo, E. F., C. J. Felice, M. C. Tirado, M. E. Valentinuzzi, and D. O. Cervantes. "Hematocrit Measurement by Dielectric Spectroscopy." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 52, no. 1 (January 2005): 124–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2004.836514.

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15

Patel, Pareshkumar, and Gerard H. Markx. "Dielectric measurement of cell death." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 43, no. 7 (December 2008): 463–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2008.09.005.

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16

Xia, Rong. "Characteristic Analysis and Measurement of Dielectric Loss in Non-Linear Insulating Materials." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1471.

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Non-linear insulating material is widely used in the insulations of XLPE cable terminations and stator windings insulation of electric machines, and has obvious capability to improve the distribution of electric field. Actually, the dielectric loss factor of non-linear insulating materials is not equal to the tanδ describing linear insulating materials, and depends on applied voltage and their structures. This paper firstly discusses the difference between ac loss characteristic of non-linear dielectrics and linear dielectrics and presents a kind model of non-linear composite material. Based on the model, specific characterization and measurement methods and their numeric simulation analysis are given. Finally, a measuring system for non-linear insulating materials based on digital measuring technology is presented.

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17

Orend, Kerstin, Christoph Baer, and Thomas Musch. "A Compact Measurement Setup for Material Characterization in W-Band Based on Dielectric Waveguides." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 5972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22165972.

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In this contribution, we present a measurement system for material characterization in the millimeter-wave range that requires extremely small amounts of sample material. With the help of a dielectric waveguide, it is possible to measure the complete S-parameters with only one port. Fundamentals regarding dielectric waveguides and algorithms are explained, which form the basis of the measurement system. Within the scope of this work, an existing waveguide system was extended and optimized. In addition, two algorithms were implemented to determine permittivity. Finally, measurements were carried out to prove the function of the measurement setup and compared to existing measurement setups.

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18

El Afendi, Mohamed Mounkid, Mohamed Tellache, Junwu Tao, Bilal Hadjadji, and Mouncef Benmimoune. "Dielectric characterization using FEM modeling and ANNs for coaxial waveguide with conical open ended radiation." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 3 (March 8, 2016): 523–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000283.

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Since last decades, microwaves have received tremendous attention as an interesting tool for material characterization. In general, standard microwave measurement methods require cutting and polishing of samples to put it in a suitable waveguide or cavity. However, several methods have been developed in order to permit a non-destructive measurement. A well-known method is based on coaxial open-ended waveguide, which is used as a sensor for dielectric characterizations. Moreover, with the requirement of new forms, developing mathematical model for each one is not convenient. Indeed, the complex structures required in the industrial field can be perfectly designed with high-performance three-dimensional software. Many attempts have been done to solve the conversion problem by proposing different algorithms. Nevertheless, they are sensitive for complex structure that contains transition part. In this paper, we propose a dielectric measurement method based on the use of coaxial waveguide. A novel algorithm for dielectric characterization of complex structures is also presented, which is based on the joint use of artificial neuronal networks and finite element method. The proposed algorithm aims to find the dielectric characterization for complex structures. Experimental evaluations applied to solid and liquid dielectrics confirm the validation of the proposed algorithm.

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19

Andreev, M. V., O. O. Drobakhin, and D. Yu Saltykov. "Measurement of the dielectric properties of paratellurite at microwaves using a biconical resonator." Journal of Physics and Electronics 28, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/332029.

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The results of measurements of the dielectric parameters of TeO2 samples in the microwave range are presented. The measurements were carried out in X-band by the cavity perturbation method using a measuring setup based on a biconical resonator. The advantages of using a high-Q biconical resonator for measuring the dielectric parameters of a paratellurite sample are considered. The determination of the dielectric parameters of the samples is based on finite element computational model and using digital method for determining the natural frequency by fractional rational approximation of the frequency response. The influence of the deviation of the sample shape from the cylindrical on the resonator parameters and the measurement error is considered. The estimate of the dielectric constant of TeO2 in the crystallographic direction [110] was 24.4, the dielectric loss factor such as tanδ is estimated as 3·10-4. The results obtained are in good agreement with the reference results presented in the scientific literature.

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20

Maniakova, Eva, and Dagmar Faktorova. "MEASURING THE DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF TUMOR AND BREAST PHANTOMS USED IN THE MICROWAVE FREQUENCY RANGE." CBU International Conference Proceedings 4 (September 16, 2016): 647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v4.826.

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INTRODUCTION: This article deals with measurement of dielectric properties (relative permittivity and conductivity) of phantoms, specifically a tumor phantom and a breast phantom. We focused on the waveguide and resonance methods for the measurement of dielectric properties. The article describes the principle of these methods, and also the production process of a breast phantom and a tumor phantom. These phantoms can be used for measurements in the microwave frequency range, 8–12 GHz.OBJECTIVE: The study’s objective was to design a tumor phantom and a breast phantom, and to measure their dielectric properties. These properties must simulate human tissue.METHODS: To measure dielectric properties of human tissue, phantoms were designed using the waveguide Hippel`s method and the resonance method with a cavity resonator.RESULTS: The aim of this work was to create the phantoms that would have properties comparable to those of real tissues. Results of measurement are shown as frequency dependence of relative permittivity and conductivity for breast, breast phantom, tumor, and tumor phantom.

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21

Ganchev, S. I., S. Bakhtiari, and R. Zoughi. "A novel numerical technique for dielectric measurement of generally lossy dielectrics." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 41, no. 3 (June 1992): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.153329.

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22

Kovács, Petra Veszelovszki, Balázs Lemmer, Gábor Keszthelyi-Szabó, Cecilia Hodúr, and Sándor Beszédes. "Application of dielectric constant measurement in microwave sludge disintegration and wastewater purification processes." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 9 (March 29, 2018): 2284–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.144.

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Abstract It has been numerously verified that microwave radiation could be advantageous as a pre-treatment for enhanced disintegration of sludge. Very few data related to the dielectric parameters of wastewater of different origins are available; therefore, the objective of our work was to measure the dielectric constant of municipal and meat industrial wastewater during a continuous flow operating microwave process. Determination of the dielectric constant and its change during wastewater and sludge processing make it possible to decide on the applicability of dielectric measurements for detecting the organic matter removal efficiency of wastewater purification process or disintegration degree of sludge. With the measurement of dielectric constant as a function of temperature, total solids (TS) content and microwave specific process parameters regression models were developed. Our results verified that in the case of municipal wastewater sludge, the TS content has a significant effect on the dielectric constant and disintegration degree (DD), as does the temperature. The dielectric constant has a decreasing tendency with increasing temperature for wastewater sludge of low TS content, but an adverse effect was found for samples with high TS and organic matter contents. DD of meat processing wastewater sludge was influenced significantly by the volumetric flow rate and power level, as process parameters of continuously flow microwave pre-treatments. It can be concluded that the disintegration process of food industry sludge can be detected by dielectric constant measurements. From technical purposes the applicability of dielectric measurements was tested in the purification process of municipal wastewater, as well. Determination of dielectric behaviour was a sensitive method to detect the purification degree of municipal wastewater.

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23

Djordjevic, Antonije, Dragan Olcan, Jovana Petrovic, Nina Obradovic, and Suzana Filipovic. "High-accuracy quasistatic numerical model for bodies of revolution tailored for RF measurements of dielectric parameters." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 34, no. 1 (2021): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee2101141d.

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We have developed rotationally symmetrical coaxial chambers for measurements of dielectric parameters of disk-shaped samples, in the frequency range from 1 MHz to several hundred MHz. The reflection coefficient of the chamber is measured and the dielectric parameters are hence extracted utilizing a high-accuracy quasistatic numerical model of the chamber and the sample. We present this model, which is based on the method of-moments solution of a set of integral equations for composite metallic and dielectric bodies. The equations are tailored to bodies of revolution. The model is efficient and accurate so that the major contribution of the measurement uncertainty comes from the measurement hardware.

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24

Hraniak, Valerii, and Oleksandr Kozhushko. "EVALUATION OF SYSTEMATIC ERRORS OF STRIP ASYMMETRIC HUMIDITY SENSOR." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 1(116) (April 29, 2022): 164–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2022-1-19.

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The methodical estimation of the methodical component of the error arising at measurement of humidity of heterogeneous dispersed dielectrics by the band asymmetric sensor is carried out. In the process of evaluation it was shown that the most significant component of methodological error occurs due to changes in temperature and frequency of the information wave. Temperature-dependent values included in the mathematical model of the band asymmetric humidity sensor are: relative dielectric constant of the substrate dielectric and the object of control, length and width of the central conductor, substrate dielectric thickness. The dielectric constant of the dielectric of the object of control depends on the frequency of the information wave, and this parameter is directly included in the coefficients of the sensor conversion equation. The results of the research showed that in the process of measuring the conversion of humidity in the band asymmetric sensor there is a methodological component of the error associated with changes in temperature and instability of the frequency of the information wave. To ensure a frequency error at a level not exceeding 0.5%, the error of instability of the frequency of the information wave when converting humidity into the output amplitude of the information wave should not exceed ± 3 kHz, provided by existing RF generators. It is advisable to remove the temperature component of the error using the method of correction. The mathematical model of band asymmetric measurement of moisture conversion of heterogeneous dispersed dielectrics in the high-frequency region was also improved.

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Ab Aziz, Ahmad Azlan, Mohd Tarmizi Ali, and Mohd Faizal Jamlos. "The Measurement of Dielectric Properties of Leucaena Leucocephala Biocomposite Antenna Substrate in Water Immersion Condition." International Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems Research (IEESR) 9, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ieesr.v9i1.1318.

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This paper contributes the dielectric properties measurements on five mixture of biocomposite antenna substrates in water immersion condition. The fabrications process of the biocomposite antenna substrate uses the compounding flat press method between the Polypropylene acting as laminator and stem three of Leucaena Leucocephala as a filler. The dielectric properties measurements conducted by using the KEYSIGHT 85070E coaxial probe method, with the observe frequency range of 1 GHz to 20 GHz and ASTM D570 procedure for water immersion process. The percentages of the water absorption rate reported 0.026 % (PP100), 0.18 % (PB9010), 0.22 % (PB8020), 0.28% (PB7030) and 0.35 (PB6040), while the changes of the dielectric properties reported increase 10.31 % (PP100), 11.16 % (PB9010), 15.48 % (PB8020), 23.60 % (PB7030) and 36.35 % (PB6040) when compared with the dielectric properties measurements before 24 Hours ASTM D570 water immersion procedure. The changes of the water absorption rate and dielectric properties percentages in line with the increments of filler composition mixture. The data from this measurement useful to observe the aging shielding capability of the material against water and moisture content absorption for antenna substrate material.

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26

Dahim, Mohammed, Rabah Ismail, Hashem Al-Mattarneh, and Randa Hatamleh. "Determination Of Leachate Pollution Content In Soil Using In-Situ Dielectric Measurement." Advanced Materials Letters 10, no. 4 (February 1, 2019): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amlett.2019.2253.

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27

Kabir, Syed Rashel, K. Yokoyama, K. Mihashi, and M. Suzuki. "2B1600 Hydration Measurement of G and F actin by Microwave Dielectric Spectroscopy." Seibutsu Butsuri 42, supplement2 (2002): S102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2142/biophys.42.s102_2.

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28

Lim, Sang Chul, Seong Hyun Kim, Gi Heon Kim, Jae Bon Koo, Jung Hun Lee, Chan Hoe Ku, Yong Suk Yang, Do Jin Kim, and Tae Hyoung Zyung. "Instability of OTFT with Organic Gate Dielectrics." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.407.

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We report the effects of instability with gate dielectrics of pentacene thin film transistors (OTFTs) inverter circuits. We used to the UV sensitive curable resin and poly-4-vinylphenol(PVP) by gate dielectrics. The inverter supply bias is VDD= -40 V. For a given dielectric thickness and applied voltage, pentacene OTFTs with inverter circuits measurements field effect mobility, on-off current ratio, Vth. The field effect mobility 0.03~0.07 cm2/Vs, and the threshold voltage is -3.3 V ~ -8.8 V. The on- and off-state currents ratio is about 103~106. From the OTFT device and inverter circuit measurement, we observed hysteresis behavior was caused by interface states of between the gate insulator and the pentacene semiconductor layer.

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29

Wang, Li-Qiang, Hong-Xing Zheng, Li-Ying Feng, and Feng-You Gao. "Measurement of Low-Loss Dielectric Materials Using Dielectric Rod Resonator." International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves 29, no. 1 (November 13, 2007): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10762-007-9303-z.

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30

Rajab, K. Z., K. F. Fuh, R. Mittra, and M. Lanagan. "Dielectric property measurement using a resonant nonradiative dielectric waveguide structure." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 15, no. 2 (February 2005): 104–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2004.842845.

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31

Xian, Chun Lin, Yan Chen, Ling Tong, and Ming Quan Jia. "Measurement on the Dielectric Constant of Grass with Rectangular Waveguide at C Band." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 2138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.2138.

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This paper was developed by microwave measurement on the vegetation dielectric constant through using the rectangular-waveguide at C Band. The measurement system and the method of the measurement will be introduced in detail. We have a standard block of known dielectric constant measurement, and then evaluate the error range. The system of measurement error range is ± 5%.At last, the result of this experiment showed that different density corresponds to different dielectric constant in the case of certain moisture content, and the dielectric constant increases with the density.

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Beszédes, Sándor, Katalin Papp-Sziládi, Gábor Keszthelyi-Szabó, and Cecília Hodúr. "Detection of biodegradation degree of sludge using dielectric measurement." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 6, no. 1-2 (July 11, 2018): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2017.1-2.108-112.

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Pre-treatments applied before biological sludge utilization technologies aim to modify the sludge structure for enhanced disintegration degree and biodegradability. Among the thermal pre-treatments methods, microwave irradiation is suitable to degrade the polymeric structure of sludge, and to increase the solubility of organic matters. Energetic efficiency of microwave heating is mainly determined by the dielectric properties, such as dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor. Dielectric properties are influenced by the frequency, temperature; composition and consistency of irradiated material, state and bond of water etc. Therefore, physicochemical changes of sludge structure; e.g. hydrolysis of macromolecules, degradation of cell wall of microorganisms, aggregation of particles; contribute to the change of dielectric parameters, as well. In our work we investigated the correlation between the dielectric parameters and structural change and biodegradability indicators. In the case of municipal wastewater, the change of organic matter removal efficiency during wastewater purification technology at a wastewater treatment plant can be detected by the change of dielectric constant. Results related to sludge processing show, that change of organic matter solubility and aerobic biodegradability correlate the change of dielectric loss factor and dielectric constant. With the degradation of polymeric structure of sludge matrix and decomposition of macromolecules caused by thermal effects or chemical pre-treatments led to increased mobility of ions and enhanced polarization of molecules. These effects led to increased dielectric constant and loss factor, what make possible to pre-indicate the efficiency of sludge pre-treatment processes by an in line and real time measurement method.

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Pantsialeyeu, Kanstantsin, Anatoly Zharin, Oleg Gusev, Roman Vorobey, Andrey Tyavlovsky, Konstantin Tyavlovsky, and Aliaksandr Svistun. "DIGITAL CONTACT POTENTIAL PROBE IN STUDYING THE DEFORMATION OF DIELECTRIC MATERIALS." Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska 10, no. 4 (December 20, 2020): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/iapgos.2374.

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The paper reviews the results of a study on the surface electrostatic charges of dielectrics obtained using the contact potential difference (CPD) technique. Initially, the CPD technique was only applied to the study of metal and semiconductor surfaces. The conventional CPD measurement technique requires full compensation of the measured potential that, in the case of dielectrics, could reach very high values. Such high potentials are hard to compensate. Therefore, the conventional CPD method is rarely applied in the study of dielectric materials. Some important improvements recently made to the CPD measurement technique removed the need for compensation. The new method, which does not require compensation, has been implemented in the form of a digital Kelvin probe. The paper describes the principles of the non-compensation CPD measurement technique which was developed for mapping the electrostatic surface charge space distribution across a wide range of potential values. The study was performed on polymers such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).

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Ivanitsky, A. S., A. A. Kordo, and L. I. Boyko. "Determination of the loss tangent for solid dielectrics at high frequencies." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-12-40-45.

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Cells with a micrometer screw are still used for testing solid dielectrics at frequencies from units to hundreds of megahertz despite the development of dielectric measurement technology. We present the results regarding elimination of the negative impact of successive stray inductances (Ln) and active resistance (rn) of such a cell on the accuracy of the dielectric loss tangent (tanδ) determination with allowance for the final value of the Q-factor (Qk) of the circuit inductor in resonant measurements. Tests with and without a dielectric sample were carried out under the condition of maintaining the cell capacity value. No information is available in the regulatory documents and technical literature about taking the aforementioned parameters into consideration. It is shown that the impact of Ln consists in the overestimation of measured tanδ values. To eliminate this effect, we proposed to introduce an additional factor which depends on Ln, frequency and capacity of the sample into existing formulas used for tanδ calculation. It is also shown that the tanδ error increases significantly with a decrease in the ratio of the dielectric loss characteristics of the measuring circuit with and without a sample which can be attributed to rn and Qk. The requirements for rn and circuit damping without a sample are formulated to ensure the desired accuracy. Conditions providing the possibility of assessing the suitability of a particular equipment for tanδ measurements are specified on basis of the developed requirements. The results experimentally proved in resonance measurements with a Q-meter can be used in high-frequency tanδ measurements to provide the required accuracy.

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35

Okamoto, Tatsuki. "Recent Computer Application to Dielectric Measurement." IEEJ Transactions on Fundamentals and Materials 116, no. 6 (1996): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejfms1990.116.6_481.

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Strizhachenko, A. V., A. A. Zvyagintsev, and V. V. Chizhov. "Dielectric Loss Measurement in Anisotropic Crystals." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 59, no. 10-12 (2003): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v59.i1012.160.

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37

Adamu, I. A., M. M. A. Aziz, Y. K. Yeow, Fauzan Mohd Jakarmi, and Arifuzzaman. "Dielectric measurement of bitumen: A review." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 527 (May 29, 2019): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/527/1/012056.

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38

Bromberg, Marvin, David Day, and Kimberley Snable. "Measurement and Application of Dielectric Properties." IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine 2, no. 3 (May 1986): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mei.1986.290407.

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39

Afsar, M. N., and K. J. Button. "Millimeter-wave dielectric measurement of materials." Proceedings of the IEEE 73, no. 1 (1985): 131–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1985.13114.

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Aguilar, Horacio Munguía, and Rigoberto Franco Maldonado. "Capacitive cells for dielectric constant measurement." Physics Education 50, no. 6 (October 2015): 662–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9120/50/6/662.

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41

Couturier, G., A. El Farji, F. Lestournelle, and J. C. Launay. "The dielectric constant measurement of CdIn2Te4." Journal of Applied Physics 70, no. 8 (October 15, 1991): 4472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.349079.

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42

Kraftmakher, Yaakov. "Measurement of dielectric constant of gases." American Journal of Physics 64, no. 9 (September 1996): 1209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18348.

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43

S. O. Nelson. "DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS." Transactions of the ASAE 42, no. 2 (1999): 523–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.13385.

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M. T. Morgan, R. K. Wood, and R. G. Holmes. "Dielectric Moisture Measurement of Soil Cores." Transactions of the ASAE 36, no. 1 (1993): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.28308.

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45

Jinbiao, Zhang, and Shao Fangwu. "Microwave measurement of complex dielectric constant." Journal of Electronics (China) 5, no. 4 (October 1988): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02778713.

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Martin, Andreas, Paula O'Sullivan, and Alan Mathewson. "Dielectric Reliability Measurement Methods: A Review." Microelectronics Reliability 38, no. 1 (February 1998): 37–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-2714(97)00206-0.

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Saadallah, S., J. E. Allos, and R. H. Daher. "Dielectric Thickness Measurement Employing Heterodyne Technique." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement IM-34, no. 1 (March 1985): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.1985.4315248.

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48

Anthony, P. L., R. Becker-Szendy, P. E. Bosted, M. Cavalli-Sforza, L. P. Keller, L. A. Kelley, S. R. Klein, et al. "Measurement of Dielectric Suppression of Bremsstrahlung." Physical Review Letters 76, no. 19 (May 6, 1996): 3550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.76.3550.

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Park, Jae-Hwan, Byung-Kook Kim, Jae-Gwan Park, In-Tae Kim, Hae-June Je, Yoonho Klm, and Soon Ja Park. "Dielectric hysteresis measurement in lossy ferroelectrics." Ferroelectrics 230, no. 1 (May 1999): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199908214911.

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Kranbuehl, David E. "Continuous dielectric measurement of polymerizing systems." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 131-133 (June 1991): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(91)90704-a.

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