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Journal articles on the topic 'Dielectric relaxation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

BOKOV, ALEXEI A., and ZUO-GUANG YE. "DIELECTRIC RELAXATION IN RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 02, no. 02 (April 2012): 1241010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x1241010x.

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In this review the dielectric properties of relaxor ferroelectrics are discussed and compared with the properties of normal dielectrics and ferroelectrics. We try to draw a general picture of dielectric relaxation starting from a textbook review of the underlying concepts and pay attention to common behavior of relaxors rather than to the features observed in specific materials. We hope that this general approach is beneficial to those physicists, chemists, material scientists and device engineers who deal with relaxors. Based on the analysis of dielectric properties, a comprehensive definition of relaxors is proposed: relaxors are defined as ferroelectrics in which the maximum in the temperature dependence of static susceptibility occurs within the temperature range of dielectric relaxation, but does not coincide with the temperature of singularity of relaxation time or soft mode frequency.
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2

Gridnev, S. A. "Dielectric Relaxation in Disordered Polar Dielectrics." Ferroelectrics 266, no. 1 (January 2002): 507–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190211307.

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3

Gridnev, S. A. "Dielectric Relaxation in Disordered Polar Dielectrics." Ferroelectrics 266, no. 1 (January 2002): 171–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150190211452.

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4

Duan, Lingjie, Junsheng Duan, and Ming Li. "Relaxation Functions Interpolating the Cole–Cole and Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts Dielectric Relaxation Models." Symmetry 15, no. 6 (June 19, 2023): 1281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15061281.

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To describe non-Debye relaxation phenomena observed in dielectric materials, the Cole–Cole (CC) relaxation model in the frequency domain and the Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) relaxation model in the time domain were introduced in the physics of dielectrics. In this paper, we propose a new relaxation model with two parameters besides a relaxation time by expressing the relaxation function in the time domain in terms of the Mittag–Leffler functions. The proposed model represents a group of non-Debye relaxation phenomena and shows a transition between the CC and the KWW models. The relaxation properties described by the new model are analyzed, including the response function, the normalized complex dielectric permittivity, dielectric storage and loss factors as well as the relaxation frequency and time spectral functions. The presented relaxation function has a concise form and is expected to be applied to more complex relaxation phenomena.
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5

Tsukahara, Tatsuya, Kaito Sasaki, Rio Kita, and Naoki Shinyashiki. "Dielectric relaxations of ice and uncrystallized water in partially crystallized bovine serum albumin–water mixtures." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 24, no. 10 (2022): 5803–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp05679d.

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6

Kumar, Ranjit, M. Zulfequar, and T. D. Senguttuvan. "Molecular Kinetic Based Dielectric Polarization in Sol-Gel Derived Nanocrystalline CaCu3Ti4O12." Advanced Materials Research 699 (May 2013): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.699.387.

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Nano-sized powders of dielectric CaCu3Ti4O12 was synthesized by sol-gel reaction route. The powders are calcined at 700 °C and sintered at 1000 °C. The calcined powders diameter is in the range of 50 - 150 nm. Structural studies were carried out using the XRD, HRTEM and SEM. Frequency dependent dielectric properties were studied within the range of 20 Hz to 5 MHz. Molecular kinetics associated with dielectric relaxations is analyzed by Havriliak Negami function. It is found that the grain dipoles obey the Debye type of dielectric relaxation, while grain boundary dipoles follow the Cole-Cole type of dielectric relaxation. The observed grain and grain boundary dipole relaxation time are 6.598E-08 sec and 5.755E-04 sec, respectively.
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7

Wang, Songwei, Xin Zhang, Rong Yao, Liguo Fan, and Huaiying Zhou. "High-Temperature Dielectric Relaxation Behaviors in Mn3O4 Polycrystals." Materials 12, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 4026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12244026.

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High temperature dielectric relaxation behaviors of single phase Mn3O4 polycrystalline ceramics prepared by spark plasma sintering technology have been studied. Two dielectric relaxations were observed in the temperature range of 200 K–330 K and in the frequency range of 20 Hz–10 MHz. The lower temperature relaxation is a type of thermally activated relaxation process, which mainly results from the hopping of oxygen vacancies based on the activation energy analysis. There is another abnormal dielectric phenomenon that is different from the conventional thermally activated behavior and is related to a positive temperature coefficient of resistance (PTCR) effect in the temperature region. In line with the impedance analyses, we distinguished the contributions of grains and grain boundaries. A comparison of the frequency-dependent spectra of the imaginary impedance with imaginary electric modulus suggests that both the long range conduction and the localized conduction are responsible for the dielectric relaxations in the Mn3O4 polycrystalline samples.
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8

Ni, Lei, Chuyi Zhang, and Lu Fang. "High Dielectric Constant and Dielectric Relaxations in La2/3Cu3Ti4O12 Ceramics." Materials 15, no. 13 (June 27, 2022): 4526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15134526.

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La2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics were prepared by the same method of solid-state reaction as CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics. The structure and dielectric responses for La2/3Cu3Ti4O12 and CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics were systematically investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and impedance analyzer. Compared with CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics, La2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics with higher density and refined grain exhibit a high dielectric constant (ε′ ~ 104) and two dielectric relaxations in a wide temperature range. The dielectric relaxation below 200 K with an activation energy of 0.087 eV in La2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics is due to the polyvalent state of Ti3+/Ti4+ and Cu+/Cu2+, while the dielectric relaxation above 450 K with higher activation energy (0.596 eV) is due to grain boundary effects. These thermal activated dielectric relaxations with lower activation energy in La2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics both move to lower temperatures, which can be associated with the enhanced polyvalent structure in La2/3Cu3Ti4O12 ceramics. Such high dielectric constant ceramics are also expected to be applied in capacitors and memory devices.
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9

Li, Yu Сhao, Xiang Сai Ge, and Sie Chin Tjong. "Isothermal Dielectric Relaxations of Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Filled with Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 279 (July 2011): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.279.49.

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The dielectric relaxation behavior of poly (vinylidene fluoride) based composites filled with beta silicon carbide nanoparticles were investigated over a wide frequency range and temperature intervals. The composites exhibited dielectric relaxations in the tested frequency range and the relaxations of composites can be well described via the modulus formalism of dielectric spectroscopy. Further, activation energy determined from the isothermal dielectric relaxations tended to decrease with increasing SiC indicating the promotion of SiC to the dipole relaxations of PVDF.
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10

Zhou, Liqin, P. M. Vilarinho, P. Q. Mantas, and J. L. Baptista. "Dielectric Properties of Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)1−xMnxO3 Ceramics in the Temperature Range 200–600 K." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 6 (June 2000): 1342–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0195.

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The dielectric properties of Mn-doped Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)1−xMnxO3 (x = 0, 0.001, 0.003, and 0.005) in the temperature range 200–600 K were investigated. Two sets of dielectric peaks, located at 200–350 K and 350–600 K, were observed. The intensity of the dielectric permittivity and loss factor peaks for both relaxations decreased with the increase in the Mn content and no peak occurred when x = 0.005. Nonlinear current–voltage (I–V) behavior was observed in the samples containing less than 0.005Mn. The activation energy values for the relaxations at 200–350 K and at 350–600 K were around 0.42 and 0.56 eV, respectively. The direct current conduction activation energies were around 0.41 eV. Nitrogen annealing eliminated the relaxation peaks at 200–350 K while oxygen annealing enhanced them. Both annealings eliminated the dielectric peaks at 350–600 K. The nonlinear I–V characteristic tended to vanish either after the oxygen or the nitrogen annealing treatments. Relaxation mechanisms are proposed and discussed. It is suggested that the relaxation at 200–350 K is related to electron hole while the relaxation at 350–600 K is attributed to microstructure-dependent space-charge polarization.
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11

Kivelson, Daniel, and Harold Friedman. "Longitudinal dielectric relaxation." Journal of Physical Chemistry 93, no. 19 (September 1989): 7026–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100356a029.

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12

Shere, Ishwar G. "Temperature Dependent Dielectric Relaxation Study of Butanenitrile with Chlorobenzene." International Journal of Scientific Research 2, no. 5 (June 1, 2012): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/may2013/41.

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13

Srivastava, Anshuman, Karun Kumar Jana, Pralay Maiti, Devendra Kumar, and Om Parkash. "Mechanical and Dielectric Behaviour of CaCu3Ti4O12 and Nb Doped CaCu3Ti4O12 Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Composites." Journal of Composites 2014 (December 14, 2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/769379.

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PVDF has been reinforced with different amount of CaCu3Ti4-5x/4NbxO12 with x=0.05 powder prepared by solid state ceramic method. Composites were prepared by melt extrusion method. Phase composition was studied using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructural, dielectric, and mechanical properties have also been studied. These composites have Young’s modulus more than that of pure PVDF. Two dielectric relaxations, one at low frequency and the other at high frequency, have been observed in these composites. Dielectric relaxation at low frequencies is of Maxwell-Wagner type while the one observed at high frequency is due to hopping of electrons among different valent states of transition metal ions. Nature of dielectric relaxation has been analysed using H-N function.
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14

Kalytka, Valeriy, Felix Bulatbayev, Yelena Neshina, Yekaterina Bilichenko, Arkadiy Bilichenko, Aleksandr Bashirov, Yelena Sidorina, Yelena Naboko, Nurbol Malikov, and Yelena Senina. "Theoretical Studies of Nonlinear Relaxation Electrophysical Phenomena in Dielectrics with Ionic–Molecular Chemical Bonds in a Wide Range of Fields and Temperatures." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 6555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136555.

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This paper is devoted to the development of generalized (for a wide range of fields (100 kV/m–1000 MV/m) and temperatures (0–1500 K) in the radio frequency range (1 kHz–500 MHz)) methods for the theoretical investigation of the physical mechanism of nonlinear kinetic phenomena during the establishment of the relaxation polarization, due to the diffusion motion of the main charge carriers in dielectrics with ionic–molecular chemical bonds (hydrogen-bonded crystals (HBC), including layered silicates, crystalline hydrates and corundum–zirconium ceramics (CZC), etc.) in an electric field. The influence of the nonlinearities equations of the initial phenomenological model of dielectric relaxation (in HBC-proton relaxation) on the mechanism for the formation of volume–charge polarization in solid dielectrics is analyzed. The solutions for the nonlinear kinetic Fokker–Planck equation, together with the Poisson equation, for the model of blocked electrodes are built in an infinite approximation (including all orders k of smallness without dimensional parameters) of perturbation theory for an arbitrary order r of the frequency harmonic of an alternating external polarizing field. It has been established that the polarization nonlinearities in ion-molecular dielectrics, already detected at the fundamental frequency, are interpreted in the mathematical model (for the first time in this work) as interactions of the relaxation modes of the volume charge density calculated on different orders of spatial Fourier harmonics. At the fundamental frequency of the field, an analytical generalized expression is written for complex dielectric permittivity (CDP), which is expressed analytically in terms of special relaxation parameters, which are quite complex real functions in the fields of frequency and temperature. The theoretical CDP and the dielectric loss tangent spectra studied depend on the nature of the relaxation processes in the selected temperature range (Maxwell and diffusion relaxation; thermally activated and tunneling relaxation), which is relevant from the point of view of choosing exact calculation formulas when analyzing the optimal operating modes of functional elements (based on dielectrics and their composites) for circuits of instrumentation, radio engineering and power equipment in real industrial production.
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15

Bury, Peter, Peter Hockicko, and Miroslav Jamnický. "Transport and Relaxation Study of Ionic Phosphate Glasses." Advanced Materials Research 39-40 (April 2008): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.39-40.111.

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Dynamic processes in glassy materials with ionic conductivity are extremely important since the ion transport significantly affects their practical performance. Conductivity measurement and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy are powerful techniques that reflect the essential features of the transport and relaxational dynamics of the mobile ions that encounter different kinds of site and ionic hopping motion connected with charge mobility. Acoustic spectroscopy is another technique for the study of relaxations in glasses. In this contribution the acoustic and electrical relaxation processes are compared on identical ionic phosphate glasses of the systems CuI-CuBr-Cu2O-P2O5 and CuI-CuBr-Cu2O-P2O5-MoO3 containing Cu+ ions. The acoustic attenuation spectra indicate various relaxation processes and at least two conductivity regimes of transport mechanisms were observed. Both the acoustic and electrical measured data were analyzed using suitable model representations.
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16

Funk, James, Michael Myers, and Lori Hathon. "NMR-Mapped Distributions of Dielectric Dispersion." Petrophysics – The SPWLA Journal of Formation Evaluation and Reservoir Description 64, no. 3 (June 1, 2023): 421–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/pjv64n3-2023a7.

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Combinations of NMR and dielectric measurements frequently address challenging saturation and wettability determinations in conventional reservoirs. When pore structure effects are addressed, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characteristics are interpreted based on the evaluations of surface relaxivity, and the dielectric structural response is attributed to the “texture” of the rock matrix. Both pore structure descriptors can be improved if the molecular motions and charge mobility common to the measurements are considered. Similar to the dipolar relaxation equivalence of NMR and dielectric correlation time measurements in the Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound (BPP) model, we develop a relaxation time correlation assuming representative Maxwell-Wagner relaxations. Dielectric dispersion curves for the carbonate matrix and vug pore components demonstrated by Myers are quantified using a dielectric relaxation time (DRT) model. The modeled pore system fractions are spectrally mapped to the NMR T1 or T2 distributions based on enhanced Debye shielding distances correlated with the conductivity. The characterized NMR distributions are validated with micro-CT pore-size determinations and diffusion correlations. The mapped distributions provide petrophysical insight into the frequently used Archie exponent combination (mn) associated with conductivity tortuosity and additional wettability screening criteria.
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17

Yang, Jie, Xiang Yun Deng, Jian Bao Li, Qiang Cai, Hai Tao Zhang, Li Ming Wang, Kui Fan Su, Guo Qing Zhang, and Chun Peng Wang. "Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Analysis of Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics." Advanced Materials Research 744 (August 2013): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.744.323.

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The complex dielectric behaviors of ferroelectric barium titanate (BT) ceramics were investigated. The dielectric properties were studied as a function of temperature and frequency using broadband dielectric spectrometer. The results show that the maximum value of dielectric constant occurs at 500nm BT ceramics, which is approximately 7,500; the dielectric loss is lower than 0.03 with the temperature varying from 225 K to 450 K. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss experience three dielectric peaks corresponding to rhombohedral to orthorhombic, tetragonal and cubic transitions. With the frequency ranges from 1 MHz to 1 GHz, the dielectric relaxation is apparently present. The relaxation process obeys Cole-Cole relaxation model at high temperature and conforms to Debye relaxation model when the temperature far lower than Curie temperature. The relaxation time is the order magnitude of ~10-9s obtained by Havriliak-Negami function fitting, which is very consistent with theoretical calculation.
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18

Zhao, Chen, and Du. "Evolution of Dielectric Behavior of Regenerated Cellulose Film during Isothermal Dehydration Monitored in Real Time via Dielectric Spectroscopy." Polymers 11, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11111749.

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The dielectric relaxation behavior of a regenerated cellulose (RC) film during isothermal dehydration was monitored in real time via dielectric spectroscopy, in order to investigate on one hand the influence of water on its dynamics and the variation of microstructure and phase composition during dehydration on the other. The progression of water loss is clearly revealed by the evolution of the dielectric relaxation behavior with drying time, which suggests two distinctly different drying stages separated by a striking transition period. The dielectric relaxation behavior at the first drying stage is found overwhelmingly dominated by ionic motion, and that at the second stage is basically a result of molecular dynamics. The mechanisms of these relaxations are proposed, through which the influence of water on the dynamics of the RC film and the variation of the microstructure and phase composition of the film at different hydration state are discussed in detail. An interesting finding is that highly ordered but noncrystalline arrangement of cellulose molecules exists, but it can be formed only when the film is in specific hydration state. This study demonstrates that dielectric spectroscopy is an effective tool in real-time monitoring kinetic process.
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19

Suljovrujic, Edin, Maja Micic, and Dejan Milicevic. "Structural Changes and Dielectric Relaxation Behavior of Uniaxially Oriented High Density Polyethylene." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 8, no. 3 (September 2013): 155892501300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501300800316.

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The molecular relaxation behavior of an ice-quenched high density polyethylene (HDPE) subjected to solid-state stretching at elevated temperature (100 °C) to various draw ratios (up to Λ=13.7) was examined by means of dielectric spectroscopy. All relaxation zones (α, β and γ, in order of decreasing temperature) between 25 K and melting temperature were studied in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 MHz. The changes observed in different dielectric relaxations were related to the orientation-induced modifications of the structural and morphological parameters. In order to investigate orientation-induced structural changes, optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were employed. Herman's orientation function (fc) was used to quantify the degree of crystal orientation. Complete disappearance of the already weak β relaxation with orientation is attributed to the increase in crystallinity, but the contribution due to a more restricted chain segment mobility in the interlamellar regions of oriented specimens should also be taken into account. Presented results also reveal two different orientation-induced dynamics in the evolution of the dielectric α and γ relaxations connected with the main transformation stages in the drawing of crystalline polymers. The transformation of the initial isotropic into a fully oriented fibrillar structure introduces large changes in the dielectric relaxation spectra of HDPE, especially in the α relaxation zone; by contrast, with further increase in the draw ratio much smaller changes are observed due to the deformation of the fiber structure by longitudinal sliding motions of microfibrils and/or by fibrils slipping past each other.
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20

Khanna, R. K., and Abha Bhatnagar. "Dielectric relaxation of acetyl- and benzoyl-acetones." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1989): 804–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-122.

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Dielectric absorption measurements are reported at radio and microwave frequencies (at six different wavelengths) for acetylacetone and benzoylacetone solutions in benzene, in a temperature range 25–60 °C. Analysis of dielectric data in terms of Cole–Cole arc plots and multiple relaxation processes reveals that, at higher temperatures, overall molecular relaxation is the dominant relaxation mechanism in these β-diketones. The observed relaxation times, distribution parameters, and dipole moments are in reasonable agreement with the few data reported for some temperatures, in the literature. The activation energy parameters are also evaluated assuming dielectric relaxation to be a rate process. Molar polarization vs. weight fraction (concentration) plots show anomalous behaviour for acetylacetone. Keywords: dielectric properties, dielectric losses, relaxation times, dipole moment, dielectric absorption and dispersion, microwave measurements.
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21

Tkach, Alexander, Abilio Almeida, Igor Levin, Joseph C. Woicik, and Paula M. Vilarinho. "Dielectric Relaxation, Local Structure and Lattice Dynamics in Mn-Doped Potassium Tantalate Ceramics." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 4632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164632.

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Alkaline niobate and tantalate perovskites have attracted attention as polar dielectrics for electronics and telecommunications. Here, we studied the polar behaviour, lattice dynamics, and local structure in conventionally processed K0.985Mn0.015TaO3±δ ceramics using a combination of variable-temperature dielectric and Raman spectroscopies, and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) measurements, respectively. Mn doping induces a low-frequency dielectric relaxation in KTaO3 (KT), which follows the Arrhenius law with an activation energy U ≈ 105 meV and the characteristic relaxation time τ0 ≈ 4.6 × 10−14 s. Our XAFS results support preferential Mn occupancy of the cuboctahedral sites as Mn2+, with these cations strongly off-centred in the oversized oxygen cages. Such disordered Mn displacements generate electric dipoles, which are proposed as the source of the observed dielectric relaxation. We show that in Mn-doped ceramics, the low-frequency polar TO1 mode softens on cooling and, at low temperatures, exhibits a higher frequency than in undoped KT. This mode displays no detectable splitting, which contrasts with Li-doped KT that also contains off-centred Li+ species on the cuboctahedral sites. Therefore, we conclude that the coupling between the Mn displacements and the lattice is weaker than in the Li case, and Mn-doped KT therefore exhibits a dielectric relaxation but no ferroelectric transition.
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22

Mat, Mohd Noor, M. K. Halimah, Wan Mohd Daud Wan Yusoff, H. Mansor, H. Nizam, Y. Zainuddin, and T. I. T. M. Aiman. "Dielectric and Conduction Processes and Behaviours in Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4." Materials Science Forum 846 (March 2016): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.846.311.

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Dielectric relaxation and conductivity of Ni0.3Zn0.7Fe2O4 (NZF) were studied in the frequency range between 0.01 Hz to 3 MHz and temperature range within 313 K to 473 K. The sample was prepared by mixing Zinc Oxide, Nickel Oxide and Iron Oxide and sintered at 1573 K for 10 hours long. Dielectric properties were studied using Novo Control Dielectric Spectrometer. Dielectric relaxation and conductivity phenomena were discussed using an empirical model to key out the dielectric relaxation process. Analyze peak frequency relaxation process consist of four slopes to explain the dielectric relaxation process. The conductivity of the sample indicates an activated process and activation energy of dc conductivity is 0.44 ± 0.01 eV.
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23

Ivanov, Ivan T., and Boyana K. Paarvanova. "Role of Plasma Membrane at Dielectric Relaxations and Intermembrane Interaction in Human Erythrocytes." Membranes 13, no. 7 (July 11, 2023): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070658.

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Dielectric relaxations at 1.4 MHz (βsp) and 9 MHz (γ1sp) on the erythrocyte spectrin network were studied by dielectric spectroscopy using dense suspensions of erythrocytes and erythrocyte ghost membranes, subjected to extraction with up to 0.2% volume Triton-X-100. The step-wise extraction of up to 60% of membrane lipids preserved γ1sp and gradually removed βsp-relaxation. On increasing the concentration up to 100 mM of NaCl at either side of erythrocyte plasma membranes, the βsp-relaxation was linearly enhanced, while the strength of γ1sp-relaxation remained unchanged. In media with NaCl between 100 and 150 mM βsp-relaxation became slightly inhibited, while γ1sp-relaxation almost disappeared, possibly due to the decreased electrostatic repulsion allowing erythrocytes to come into closer contact. When these media contained, at concentrations 10–30 mg/mL dextran (MW 7 kDa), polyethylene glycol or polyvinylpyrrolidone (40 kDa), or albumin or homologous plasma with equivalent concentration of albumin, the γ1sp-relaxation was about tenfold enhanced, while βsp-relaxation was strengthened or preserved. The results suggest the Maxwell–Vagner accumulation of ions on the lipid bilayer as an energy source for βsp-relaxation. While βsp-relaxation appears sensitive to erythrocyte membrane deformability, γ1sp-relaxation could be a sensitive marker for the inter-membrane interactions between erythrocytes.
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24

Moon, Young Il, Jae Kap Jung, and Ki Soo Chung. "Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy in Synthetic Rubber Polymers: Nitrile Butadiene Rubber and Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (May 28, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8406059.

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The dielectric permittivity of synthetic rubber polymers, nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), with both frequency and temperature variations, was thoroughly investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). The spectrum versus frequency of DRS was analyzed with the semiempirical Havriliak–Negami formula and conductivity contribution by employing the newly developed “dispersion analyzer” analysis program. The main dielectric relaxations called the α- and β-processes, associated with the cooperative motion of chains in polymers, were discovered in the low-temperature region. In the high-temperature region, we found Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) relaxation associated with polymer interfacing and normal-mode (α’) relaxation responsible for end-to-end dipole vector motion. The activation energies of schematic molecular chains responsible for the relaxation processes were obtained with the information about its motional mode. The glass transition temperature and dipole moment for the side group were also determined and compared with those from previous studies. In the EPDM specimen, the peaks of α- and β-relaxation merged at high temperature and were separated with decreasing temperature. The first observations of both merging and splitting were consistent with the results on the temperature dependency of the relaxation strength. Both contour mapping and three-dimensional plots for the two rubbers provide visual information for the distribution and mapping of relaxation.
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25

Oprea, S., V. E. Musteata, and V. O. Potolinca. "Molecular Dynamics of Linear and Crosslinked Polyester Urethanes Studied by Dielectric Spectroscopy." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 43, no. 6 (September 26, 2011): 559–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244311413645.

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The molecular dynamics of crosslinked polyurethanes have been studied by dielectric spectroscopy and compared with the dynamics of linear polyurethanes. Two local relaxations, γ and β, and a primary relaxation, α, were observed for all the samples, appearing in relation with the increase in temperature. The conductivity was studied at temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature and it was found to decrease with the increasing content of crosslinker. The presence of crosslinks strongly influences their dielectric properties, especially in the elastic state. The linear polyurethane exhibits the lowest α-relaxation temperature. For the crosslinked samples, α-relaxation temperature increases with increase in the amount of crosslinkers; β- and γ-relaxations are less affected by chemical crosslinking and their activation energies are in the ranges 40–55 and 34–37 kJ/mol, respectively. For the linear polyurethane, there is an exception in the case of the γ-relaxation, which has a higher activation energy determined by its physical crosslinks. Conductivity analysis reveals a high mobility of charge carriers and low barriers for the transport of the charged particles. Also, the conductivity process is dependent on the segmental mobility of polymers.
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26

Martínez, Enrique Sanchez, Ricardo Diaz Calleja, and Klaus Wilhelm Lienert. "Dielectric relaxation in hydroxypolyesters." J. Mater. Chem. 1, no. 6 (1991): 919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/jm9910100919.

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27

Kumar, M. Mahesh, M. B. Suresh, S. V. Suryanarayana, G. S. Kumar, and T. Bhimasankaram. "Dielectric relaxation in Ba0.96Bi0.04Ti0.96Fe0.04O3." Journal of Applied Physics 84, no. 12 (December 15, 1998): 6811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368875.

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28

Paulson, K. S., S. Jouravleva, and C. N. McLeod. "Dielectric relaxation time spectroscopy." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 47, no. 11 (2000): 1510–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/10.880103.

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29

Coffey, William T. "Dielectric relaxation: an overview." Journal of Molecular Liquids 114, no. 1-3 (September 2004): 5–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2004.02.002.

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30

Gabrielyan, L. S., S. A. Markarian, and H. Weingärtner. "Dielectric relaxation of dipropylsulfoxide." Journal of Molecular Liquids 159, no. 3 (April 2011): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2011.01.007.

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31

Dutta, Alo, and T. P. Sinha. "Dielectric relaxation in perovskite." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 67, no. 7 (July 2006): 1484–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2006.02.002.

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32

Xue-mei, Wang, and Zhang Dian-lin. "Dielectric relaxation in aRb0.30MoO3crystal." Physical Review B 51, no. 8 (February 15, 1995): 4792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.51.4792.

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33

Jonscher, Andrew K. "Dielectric relaxation in solids." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 32, no. 14 (January 1, 1999): R57—R70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/32/14/201.

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34

Adachi, Keiichiro, and Tadao Kotaka. "Dielectric normal mode relaxation." Progress in Polymer Science 18, no. 3 (January 1993): 585–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0079-6700(93)90018-8.

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35

Szász, Á., and J. Liszi. "Dielectric relaxation of zeolites." Reactive Polymers 17, no. 1 (April 1992): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0923-1137(92)90636-g.

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36

Uhlmann, D. R., G. Teowee, and J. M. Boulton. "Dielectric relaxation in ferroelectrics." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 131-133 (June 1991): 1194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(91)90753-s.

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37

Calderwood, James. "Dielectric relaxation in solids." Journal of Electrostatics 18, no. 3 (October 1986): 346–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3886(86)90028-8.

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38

Murakami, Ichiro, Hiroshi Ochiai, Kazuyuki Tominaga, and Meisetsu Kajiwara. "Dielectric relaxation of polyorganophosphazenes." Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers 2, no. 2 (June 1992): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00696551.

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39

Iwauchi, K. "Dielectric relaxation in Fe3O4." physica status solidi (a) 92, no. 1 (November 16, 1985): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pssa.2210920132.

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40

Wang, C. L. "Jonscher indices for dielectric materials." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 09, no. 06 (December 2019): 1950046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x19500462.

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Two parameters are proposed as Jonscher indices, named after A. K. Jonscher for his pioneering contribution to the universal dielectric relaxation law. Time domain universal dielectric relaxation law is then obtained from the asymptotic behavior of dielectric response function and relaxation function by replacing parameters in Mittag–Leffler functions with Jonscher indices. Relaxation types can be easily determined from experimental data of discharge current in barium stannate titanate after their Jonscher indices are determined.
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41

Cosby, Tyler, David P. Durkin, Robert A. Mantz, and Paul C. Trulove. "Interplay of Local Dynamic Heterogeneity, Mesoscale Aggregate Dynamics, and Transport Properties of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 55 (October 9, 2022): 2099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02552099mtgabs.

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Ion dynamics and charge transport in 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium ionic liquids with chloride, bromide, tetrafluoroborate, tricyanomethanide, hexafluorophosphate, triflate, tetrachlorodialuminate, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and heptachlorodialuminate anions are investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy, rheology and viscometry. A detailed analysis reveals anion and temperature-dependent separation of characteristic relaxation rates extracted from various representations of the dielectric spectra. The degree of separation is interpreted as an experimental signature of significant heterogeneity of the local ion dynamics associated with the structural glass transition, viscosity, and dc ion conductivity. It is found that the degree of dynamic heterogeneity correlates closely with the strengths of slow dielectric and mechanical relaxations previously attributed to the dynamics of mesoscale solvophobic aggregates. Increasing local dynamic heterogeneity correlates with an increase in the strength of the slow, aggregate dielectric relaxation and a decrease in the strength of the slow, aggregate mechanical relaxation. Accordingly, the local dynamic heterogeneity correlates with an increase in the static dielectric permittivities and a decrease in the contribution of aggregate dynamics to the zero-shear viscosities. These results are presented within a broader framework of current understanding of dynamics in ionic liquids and the interplay of dynamics, solvophobic aggregation, and charge transport in these technologically important systems.
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42

Grimm, Robert E., David E. Stillman, and Joseph A. MacGregor. "Dielectric signatures and evolution of glacier ice." Journal of Glaciology 61, no. 230 (2015): 1159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog15j113.

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AbstractWe analyzed the dielectric spectra (0.1 Hz–1 MHz) of 49 firn and ice samples from ice sheets and glaciers to better understand how differing ice formation and evolution affect electrical properties. The dielectric relaxation of ice is well known and its characteristic frequency increases with the concentration of soluble impurities in the ice lattice. We found that meteoric ice and firn generally possess two such relaxations, indicating distinct crystal populations or zonation. Typically, one population is consistent with that of relatively pure ice, and the other is significantly more impure. However, high temperatures (e.g. temperate ice), long residence times (e.g. ancient ice from Mullins Glacier, Antarctica) or anomalously high impurity concentrations favor the development of a single relaxation. These relationships suggest that annealing causes two dielectrically distinct populations to merge into one population. The dielectric response of temperate ice samples indicates increasing purity with increasing depth, suggesting ongoing rejection of impurities from the lattice. Separately, subglacially (lake) frozen samples from the Vostok (Antarctica) 5G ice core possess a single relaxation whose variable characteristic frequency likely reflects the composition of the source water. We conclude that multi-frequency methods are essential to dielectric discrimination between different types of glacier ice.
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43

Xu, Li, Wenying Zhou, Bo Li, Yujia Kou, Huiwu Cai, Fuxin Chen, Guangheng Wang, Dengfeng Liu, and Zhi-Min Dang. "Relaxation dynamics of Ni/epoxy composites studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 52, no. 4 (May 19, 2019): 304–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244319847494.

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Dynamic dielectric properties of nickel (Ni)/epoxy composites are investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy over a wide frequency range (approximately 1–107 Hz) and temperature range (approximately −20 to 200°C). Multiple dielectric relaxation processes in the Ni/epoxy composites are identified, corresponding to conductivity, interfacial polarization (IP), and α-relaxation. With increasing temperature, both dielectric permittivity and loss of composites increase, arising from enhanced dipolar mobility; approaching the glass transition temperature ( T g), a clear α-relaxation appears, which can be attributed to the onset of cooperative chain movement. Further increasing temperature activates the long-range movement of space charges, as manifested by an IP superimposed on the ionic conductivity. A transition from insulator (below T g) to semiconductor (above T g) is also observed for the studied composite system.
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BAGCHI, B., and A. CHANDRA. "DIELECTRIC RELAXATION IN DIPOLAR LIQUIDS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 05, no. 03 (February 10, 1991): 461–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979291000286.

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A review of the recent theoretical developments in the dielectric relaxation of a dense dipolar liquid is presented. Dielectric relaxation in binary liquids and collective dipolar excitations are among the different topics that have been discussed here.
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45

Panda, Maheswar. "Evidence of a third kind of Johnscher’s like universal dielectric response." Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 08, no. 04 (August 2018): 1850028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010135x18500285.

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Polymer/metal composites (PMC) comprising of polyvinylidene fluoride/nanocrystalline nickel with varying volume fractions of nickel ([Formula: see text]) prepared under cold press show an insulator to metal transition (IMT) at percolation threshold ([Formula: see text]). The two kinds of generalized Johnscher’s universal dielectric response (UDR) laws on both sides of IMT hold good, while for the percolative sample, none of the two laws hold good. Neither the concept of dipolar relaxation nor anomalous low frequency dispersion stands valid for [Formula: see text], while a completely different, neutral and competing electrical behavior is observed over the entire range of frequencies. The emerged third kind of Johnscher’s like UDR for [Formula: see text] is observed and the relaxation law has been formulated as the ratio of imaginary and real parts of dielectric constant remains constant over the entire range of frequency starting from dc to any higher frequency. The value of the constant is attributed to depend on the PMC, the dielectric constant of the polymer, the differences of conductivity and fractions of the components of the PMC and also on their connectivity arising due to the difference of their process conditions. The emerged unique dielectric relaxation consists of multiple relaxations arising due to the combination of other relaxations (arising due to the two different types of species) present in the sample, [Formula: see text]. This novel material may be suitable for certain specific applications in electrical and electronics engineering.
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46

Wei, Tong, Qing Jun Zhou, Qing Gong Song, Chuan Zhen Zhao, and Jun Ming Liu. "Dielectric Relaxation Properties in Colossal Dielectric Constant Material Sr0.9Ba0.1Ti0.9Ru0.1O3." Advanced Materials Research 298 (July 2011): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.298.23.

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We investigated the colossal dielectric constant behavior and interesting dielectric relaxation over broad temperature and frequency ranges in complex perovskite Sr0.9Ba0.1Ti0.9Ru0.1O3 ceramics by using HP4294 impedance analyzer. Through the discussion, there exists a clear link between the dielectric relaxation and the sample conductivity. It’s believed that hopping of electrons between color centers not only produce conductivity but also give rise to dielectric relaxation behavior.
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47

Elangovan, S., and S. Mullainathan. "Dielectric Relaxation Studies of Ethyl Formate with Primary Alcohols using Time Domain Reflectometry." Material Science Research India 9, no. 1 (June 20, 2012): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/090110.

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Dielectric relaxation studies of ethylformate with 1-propanol,1-butanol and 1-pentanol binary mixtures have been carried out at micro frequency range 9.36 GHZ at temperature of 303K.Different dielectric parameters like dielectric constant(ε’ ),dielectric loss (ε’’) ,Static dielectric constant (ε0) and dielectric constant at optical frequency (ε∞) have been determined. The Relaxation time (ε) has been obtained by Higasi and Cole-Cole method. The dielectric constant (τ0) and relaxation time (τ) decreased with increasing the concentration of ethylformate in alcohol system. The relaxation time (τ) increased with increase in chain length of the alcohols. The result shows that the strength of this molecular interaction depends upon the carbon chain length of the alcohols. Hence the proton donating ability of alcohols is in the order of 1-propanol<1-butanol<1-pentanol
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48

CIMBALA, Roman, Martin GERMAN-SOBEK, and Samuel BUCKO. "THE ASSESSMENT OF INFLUENCE OF THERMAL AGING TO DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF XLPE INSULATION USING DIELECTRIC RELAXATION SPECTROSCOPY." Acta Electrotechnica et Informatica 15, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15546/aeei-2015-0023.

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49

Tkach, Alexander, Sebastian Zlotnik, and Paula M. Vilarinho. "Dielectric Response of KTaO3 Single Crystals Weakly Co-Doped with Li and Mn." Crystals 11, no. 10 (October 10, 2021): 1222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101222.

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Alkali tantalates are encouraging functional materials with versatile properties that make them potential players in microelectronics, photocatalytic processes or medicine. Here, KTaO3 single crystals with 0.27% Li and 0.15% or 0.31% Mn contents determined by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy analysis are studied at low temperatures using dielectric spectroscopy in a frequency range of 102–106 Hz. Both Li and Mn doping are found to induce separate low-frequency dielectric relaxations of comparable strength in KTaO3. The relaxation dynamics follow the Arrhenius law with activation energy values of ~77 and 107 meV, attributing the relaxation origin to the dipoles formed by off-centre Li+K and Mn2+K ions, respectively.
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50

Chi, Xiaohong, Wenfeng Liu, Shengtao Li, and Xiaohong Zhang. "The Effect of Humidity on Dielectric Properties of PP-Based Nano-Dielectric." Materials 12, no. 9 (April 28, 2019): 1378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091378.

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Nano-dielectrics are sensitive to humidity and easily degraded in damp environment because of the high surface energy of nanoparticles. In order to study the effect of humidity on the dielectric properties of nano-dielectric, polypropylene (PP) was modified by polyolefin elastomer (POE) and nano-SiO2, and the samples with obvious filling concentration were pre-selected by breakdown strength for damp aging. The aging experiments were carried out in different relative humidity. The dielectric properties of new, hygroscopic saturation and samples after drying were measured and analyzed. It is found that the breakdown strength of hygroscopic saturation nano-dielectrics decreased obviously compared with new samples, and it was difficult to recover after drying. The damp degradation resulted in different changing trends of permittivity of PP and nano-dielectric, but there were relaxation loss peaks of water in both of them. The influence of damp degradation on the trap distribution was studied by thermally stimulated depolarization currents (TSDC), and it was found that the traps level introduced by water molecules was different in PP and nano-dielectrics. All experiment results showed that the performance of nano-dielectrics degraded obviously in humid environment, and it was difficult to recover even after complete drying because of the existence of bounded water molecules in nano-dielectrics.
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