Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dielectrics. Electric insulators and insulation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Dielectrics. Electric insulators and insulation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Dielectrics. Electric insulators and insulation"

1

Xia, Rong. "Characteristic Analysis and Measurement of Dielectric Loss in Non-Linear Insulating Materials." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1471.

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Non-linear insulating material is widely used in the insulations of XLPE cable terminations and stator windings insulation of electric machines, and has obvious capability to improve the distribution of electric field. Actually, the dielectric loss factor of non-linear insulating materials is not equal to the tanδ describing linear insulating materials, and depends on applied voltage and their structures. This paper firstly discusses the difference between ac loss characteristic of non-linear dielectrics and linear dielectrics and presents a kind model of non-linear composite material. Based on the model, specific characterization and measurement methods and their numeric simulation analysis are given. Finally, a measuring system for non-linear insulating materials based on digital measuring technology is presented.
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Liu, Yong, and Xingwang Huang. "Effects of Flash Sintering Parameters on Performance of Ceramic Insulator." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 22, 2021): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041157.

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Ceramic outdoor insulators play an important role in electrical insulation and mechanical support because of good chemical and thermal stability, which have been widely used in power systems. However, the brittleness and surface discharge of ceramic material greatly limit the application of ceramic insulators. From the perspective of sintering technology, flash sintering technology is used to improve the performance of ceramic insulators. In this paper, the simulation model of producing the ceramic insulator by the flash sintering technology was set up. Material Studio was used to study the influence of electric field intensity and temperature on the alumina unit cell. COMSOL was used to study the influence of electric field intensity and current density on sintering speed, density and grain size. Obtained results showed that under high temperature and high voltage, the volume of the unit cell becomes smaller and the atoms are arranged more closely. The increase of current density can result in higher ceramic density and larger grain size. With the electric field intensity increasing, incubation time shows a decreasing tendency and energy consumption is reduced. Ceramic insulators with a higher uniform structure and a smaller grain size can show better dielectric performance and higher flashover voltage.
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Gavrilă, Doina Elena, and Horia Catalin Gavrilă. "Dielectric Properties of the Composite Insulator Mica Epoxy-Novolac." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.47.

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As electric insulators of the copper conductors in the electric generators of alternative current or in electric motors of high tension, there are used with priority the composite crosslinked mica-epoxy. Pre-impregnated band with solvent was introduced, the impregnation being performed with phenolic-novolac resin. The studied material got superior dielectric properties at function temperatures corresponding to the insulation class F(155C). Its main components are: mica paper (53%), glass cloth (13%) and the basic epoxy phenolic-novolac resin. The complex permittivity and conductivity were determined with the Time Domain Spectrometer (TDS); the apparatus allows the determination of the electric values in the domain of frequencies: very large domain of frequencies. The temperature varied in the domain 23-190C with the help of an oven. The purpose of this article is to report the dielectric properties of mica-epoxy-novolac composite insulator, for which very few data have so far been published.
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Siagian, Marganda Harliman, T. Haryono, and Bambang Sugiyantoro. "Testing of Several Paper Types as Insulators for Electric Power Systems." IJITEE (International Journal of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering) 2, no. 3 (March 27, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijitee.43818.

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Abstract— This research was based on high voltage equipment failure due to an increase in temperature and humidity on insulating materials. This can cause the power system reliability to decrease. On the other hand, paper is frequently found and used in everyday life. Paper can be categorized as a solid insulator even tough its use in the electric power system can be considered as minimum. This paper aimed to determine electrical insulation characteristics of three types of paper on market and to determine the amount of failed voltage and leakage current of test materials included with other factors such as temperature rise effect as well as humidity conditions in sample testing. The employed test samples were photo paper, duplex paper, and samson craft paper with a length of 7 cm and width of 7 cm with different thickness for each paper type. Tests were carried out with two paper conditions, i.e. paper was soaked in Shell Diala B oil and was not soaked in Shell Diala B oil, so that the significance of the oil on the paper used as an ingredient in testing could be known. The test results showed that temperature and humidity affected dielectric strength magnitude and test sample leakage current value. In addition, it was also found that test sample result impregnated with Shell Diala B had a higher dielectric magnitude compared to the unimpregnated test sample. Test samples impregnated with Shell Diala B oil had a leakage current value which tended to be smaller than the unimpregnated test sample.
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Hadi, Nabipour Afrouzi, Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek, Saeed Vahabi Mashak, and A. R. Naderipour. "Three-Dimensional Potential and Electric Field Distributions in HV Cable Insulation Containing Multiple Cavities." Advanced Materials Research 845 (December 2013): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.845.372.

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Cross-linked polyethylene is widely used as electrical insulation because of its excellent electrical properties such as low dielectric constant, low dielectric loss and also due to its excellent chemical resistance and mechanical flexibility. Nevertheless, the most important reason for failure of high voltage equipment is due to its insulation failure. The electrical properties of an insulator are affected by the presence of cavities within the insulating material, in particular with regard to the electric field and potential distributions. In this paper, the electric field and potential distributions in high voltage cables containing single and multiple cavities are studied. Three different insulating media, namely PE, XLPE, and PVC was modeled. COMSOL software which utilises the finite element method (FEM) was used to carry out the simulation. An 11kV underground cable was modeled in 3D for better observation and analyses of the generated voltage and field distributions. The results show that the electric field is affected by the presence of cavities in the insulation. Furthermore, the field strength and uniformity are also affected by whether cavities are radially or axially aligned, as well as the type of the insulating solid. The effect of insulator type due the presence of cavities was seen most prevalent in PVC followed by PE and then XLPE.
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Ali, Muhammad, and Muhammad Ahmad Choudhry. "Preparation and characterization of EPDM-silica nano/micro composites for high voltage insulation applications." Materials Science-Poland 33, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msp-2015-0002.

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AbstractThe rising market for substitute materials in high voltage insulation components is stimulated largely by the need to reduce overall costs. In this respect, polymer insulators offer significant advantages over old traditional materials. In the present research, efforts have been made to quantify the effect of silica (having different particle size nano, micro and hybrid) loading on the mechanical and thermal behaviors of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer (EPDM) based high voltage electrical insulations. The fabricated composites were subjected to mechanical, thermal and electrical properties measurements. The results of dielectric strength, surface and volume resistivities showed that all composites had insulator properties, while their mechanical and thermal properties improved considerably. EPDM was compounded with different types of silica in a two roll mill using sulphur cure system. The outcome achieved from the comparative study revealed that the EPDM nanocomposites had enhanced mechanical, thermal and electrical properties even at 5 % loadings.
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Marín-Genescà, Marc, Jordi García-Amorós, Ramon Mujal-Rosas, Lluís Massagués Vidal, and Xavier Colom Fajula. "Application Properties Analysis as a Dielectric Capacitor of End-of-Life Tire-Reinforced HDPE." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 2675. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112675.

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The purpose of the present research is to obtain waste of polymeric composite as an insulator capacitive application. Rubber materials, once they end their useful life, may be difficult to reuse or recycle. At present, research only uses one tire recycling method, which involves grinding and separating steel and fibers from vulcanized rubber, and then using the rubber particles for industrial capacitors. The methodology for this research is to compare the permittivity (ε′ and ε″) between high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and the polymer matrix compound, consisting of an HDPE polymeric matrix blended with end-of-life tire particles (ground tire rubber (GTR)), to analyze the feasibility of using such tires as electrically insulating materials (dielectrics). The incorporation of carbon black in the GTR compounds modifies conductivity; GTRs carry a significant amount of carbon black, and therefore some electrical properties may change significantly compared to highly insulating polymer substrates. The performed experimental study is based on a dynamic electric analysis (DEA) test developed in the frequency range of 10−2 Hz to 3 MHz and at different temperatures (from 35 to 70 °C) of different samples type: HDPE neat and HDPE compounds with 10%, 20% and 40% of GTR loads. A sample’s electrical behavior is checked for its dependence on frequency and temperature, focused on the permittivity property; this is a key property for capacitive insulators and is key for examining the possible applications in this field, for HDPE + GTR blends. Results for the permittivity behavior and the loss factor show different electrical behavior. For a neat HDPE sample, no dependence with frequency nor temperature is shown. However, with the addition of 10%, 20%, and 40% amount of GTR the HDPE compounds show different behaviors: for low frequencies, interfacial polarization relaxation is seen, due to the Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars (MWS) effect, performed in heterogeneous materials. In order to analyze thermal and morphological properties the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been used. Results obtained show that adding waste tire particles in an HDPE matrix allows HDPE + 40% GTR blends to act as a dielectric in capacitors, increasing the capacitor dielectric efficiency in the low frequencies due to the MWS effect, which increases the dielectric constant.
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Jurado, Washington Colón Castillo, Antonio Vázquez Pérez Pérez, Alcira Magdalena Vélez Quiroz, and María Rodríguez Gámez. "Environmental Impact On Electrical Networks Near The Manabita Litoral." International Journal of Life Sciences (IJLS) 1, no. 2 (August 10, 2017): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/ijls.v1i2.30.

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The coastal area of Manabita and its surroundings is one of the most beautiful regions of the province, with an extraordinary tourist attraction that has not yet been exploited in its entire dimension. In it are located beaches like the Murciélago, Crucita, San Jacinto among others, that throughout the year are frequented by national and international tourists, who come looking for tranquility and recreation. This paper analyzes the influence of the industrial process of coffee, fish and oil production, which are important in the generation of large amounts of air pollutants, combined with the effects of the marine aerosol, Clay dust produced by the quarries located in the area, which under wind effects deposition of polluting layers on the elements that make up the electrical infrastructure, causing a high contamination of nets and insulation, causing that during the rainy season, The dielectrics behave like conductors, causing as a consequence that affects the service in the territory, mainly during the winter. A brief evaluation is made of the consequences of environmental pollution on the system of electric lines, networks and insulators and what it may represent for the project proposed by the state to introduce the efficient cooking program (PEC).
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Douar, Mohammed Adnane, Abderrahmane Beroual, and Xavier Souche. "Ignition and advancement of surface discharges at atmospheric air under positive lightning impulse voltage depending on perpendicular electric stress and solid dielectrics: modelling of the propagating phenomenology." European Physical Journal Applied Physics 82, no. 2 (May 2018): 20801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjap/2018180074.

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In many high voltage equipment, partial discharges are regarded as one of the most widespread pathology whose ignition conditions and effects are studied by scientists and manufacturers to avoid major failures. Actually, those electrical gaseous phenomena generally occur under several constraints such as the electrostatic field level, the nature of insulating surface being polluted or not, and switching or lightning transients. The present paper discusses physical mechanisms related to the creeping discharges propagation growing over insulators subjected to perpendicular electric field and positive lightning impulse voltage. More precisely, the developed discussion attempts to answer some observations especially noticed for main discharges feature namely (i) the discharges morphology, (ii) their velocity and (iii) the space charges effects on electric field computation. Several factors like (i) the influence of the type of a material’s interface, its electric conductivity, permittivity and discharges mobility, (ii) the relationship between the applied electrostatic field, the space charges, the velocity, the propelling pressure and discharges temperature are among numerous parameters that have been addressed in this study which discusses lightning impulse transients phenomena.
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Thabet, Ahmed, Youssef Mobarak, Nourhan Salem, and A. M. El-noby. "Performance comparison of selection nanoparticles for insulation of three core belted power cables." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 2779. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp2779-2786.

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This paper presents an investigation on the enhancement of electrical insulations of power cables materials using a new multi-nanoparticles technique. It has been studied the effect of adding specified types and concentrations of nanoparticles to polymeric materials such as PVC for controlling on electric and dielectric performance. Prediction of effective dielectric constant has been done for the new nanocomposites based on Interphase Power Law (IPL) model. The multi-nanoparticles technique has been succeeded for enhancing electric and dielectric performance of power cables insulation compared with adding individual nanoparticles. Finally, it has been investigated on electric field distribution in the new proposed modern insulations for three-phase core belted power cables. This research has focused on studying development of PVC nanocomposite materials performance with electric field distribution superior to the unfilled matrix, and has stressed particularly the effect of filler volume fraction on the electric field distribution.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dielectrics. Electric insulators and insulation"

1

Grove, Nicole R. "Characterization of functionalized polynorbornenes as interlevel dielectrics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11204.

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Rux, Lorelynn Mary. "The physical phenomena associated with stator winding insulation condition as detected by the ramped direct high-voltage method." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2004. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04042004-112949.

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Blanco, Agnes M. Padovani. "Low dielectric constant porous spin-on glass for microelectronic applications." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/11840.

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Liu, Xin. "Partial discharge detection and analysis in low pressure environments." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155573657.

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Shrestha, Prakash. "Study of the dielectric degradation of XLPE and EPR power cables by switching impulses." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-08212008-151448.

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Aboutorabi, Seyed Sadreddin. "Étude des conditions critiques de la propagation de l'arc sur les isolateurs recouverts de glace = Study of critical conditions of arc propagation on ice-covered insulators /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Lee, Ethan S. "Dielectric reliability in GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120368.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 73-74).
GaN Metal Insulator Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistors (GaN MIS-HEMTs) show excellent promise as high voltage power transistors that can operate efficiently at high temperatures and frequencies. However, current GaN technology faces several obstacles, one of which is Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) of the gate dielectric. Under prolonged electrical stress, the gate dielectric suffers a catastrophic breakdown that renders the transistor useless. Understanding the physics behind gate dielectric breakdown and accurately estimating the average time to failure of the dielectric are of critical importance. TDDB is conventionally studied under DC conditions. However, as actual device operation in power circuits involves rapid switching between on and off states, it is important to determine if estimations done from DC stress results are accurate. Due to the rich dynamics of the GaN MIS-HEMT system such as electron trapping and carrier accumulation at the dielectric/AlGaN interface, unaccounted physics might be introduced under AC stress that may cause error in DC estimation. To this end, we characterize TDDB behavior of GaN MIS-HEMTs at both DC stress conditions and more accurate AC stress conditions. We find that TDDB behavior is improved for AC stress compared to DC stress conditions at high stress frequencies. At 100 kHz, the average dielectric breakdown time is twice the average dielectric breakdown time under DC stress conditions. Furthermore, the impact of tensile mechanical stress on TDDB under DC stress is investigated. This is an important concern because of the piezoelectric nature of GaN and the substantial lattice mismatch between Si, GaN and AlGaN that results in high mechanical strain in the active portion of the device. If mechanical stress significantly impacts TDDB, designers will have to work with further constraints to ensure minimal stress across the dielectric. To address this, we have carried out measurements of TDDB under [epsilon] = 0.29% tensile strain. We find that TDDB in both the On-state and Off-state stress conditions are unaffected by this mechanical stress. Through measurements done in this thesis, we gather further insight towards understanding the physics behind TDDB. Through AC stress we find that the dynamics of the GaN MIS-HEMTs prolong dielectric breakdown times. Through mechanical stress we find that modulation of the 2-Dimensional Electron Gas and dielectric bond straining have minimal impact on TDDB.
by Ethan S. Lee.
S.M.
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Ribeiro, Júnior Sebastião. "Desenvolvimento de metodologia para análise de arborescências em materiais dielétricos por contraste de fase de raios X." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/690.

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A ocorrência de arborescências em água (water tree) ou elétrica (electrical tree) é apontada como o principal fenômeno de degradação em isolações sólidas de cabos de distribuição de energia elétrica. A evolução destas arborescências pode levar a camada de isolação à ruptura dielétrica e, como conseqüência, à falha destes equipamentos, com a interrupção do fornecimento de energia elétrica. O entendimento deste fenômeno é necessário para desenvolver métodos de análise e prevenção da ruptura de materiais isolantes. Este trabalho mostra a aplicação da técnica contraste de fase por raios X como metodologia para o estudo das arborescências formadas em materiais isolantes de borracha de propileno etileno (EPR) e polietileno reticulado (XLPE).
The water tree or electrical tree occurrence is identified as the main phenomena in the degradation in solid isolations of the electric energy distribution cables. The water tree evolution can lead to dielectric breakdown of the isolation layer and, consequently, to the failure this equipment and the interruption of the electric energy supply. The understanding this phenomenon is necessary for the development analysis methods and to prevent collapse in the polymeric insulation. This work demonstrates the application of X-ray phase contrast technique as a methodology for the study of the water tree and electrical tree in Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) and crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE).
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Warnock, Shireen M. "Dielectric reliability in high-voltage GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high electron mobility transistors." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112032.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
As the demand for more energy-efficient electronics increases, GaN has emerged as a promising transistor material candidate for high-voltage power management applications. The AlGaN/GaN Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistor (MIS-HEMT) constitutes the most suitable device structure for this application as it offers lower gate leakage than its HEMT counterpart. GaN has excellent material properties, but there are still many challenges to overcome before its widespread commercial deployment. Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB), a catastrophic condition arising after prolonged high-voltage gate stress, is a particularly important concern. This thesis investigates this crucial reliability issue in depth. Using a robust characterization strategy, we have studied not only the dielectric breakdown behavior in GaN MIS-HEMTs but also the evolution of the device subthreshold characteristics in the face of high bias stress. This allows us to work towards understanding on a more physical level the underlying degradation behind dielectric breakdown in order to inform future device lifetime models. We begin by looking at positive gate stress TDDB, a classic condition studied in the silicon CMOS community for many years. In order to understand the impact of TDDB, we must also understand how transient degradation effects such as threshold voltage (VT) shift may impact our results and ensure we can disentangle the permanent degradation associated with TDDB. With the foundational understanding of TDDB we establish under these positive gate stress conditions, we turn our attention to OFF-state stress which is a more relevant stress condition that mimics the most common state of these GaN power switching transistors in power management circuits. In order to develop accurate lifetime models for GaN MIS-HEMTs, we show that much care must be taken to ensure that device lifetime does not become distorted by transient trapping-related degradation effects. It is also crucial to have a physics-based lifetime model that gives confidence in making lifetime projections from data collected in the span of hours to lifetime estimations on the order of many years.
by Shireen Warnock.
Ph. D.
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Tsuchiya, Kenji, Hitoshi Okubo, Tsugunari Ishida, Hidenori Kato, and Katsumi Kato. "Influence of Surface Charges on Impulse Flashover Characteristics of Alumina Dielectrics in Vacuum." IEEE, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/14600.

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Books on the topic "Dielectrics. Electric insulators and insulation"

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1951-, Al-Arainy A. A., and Qureshi Mohammad Iqbal 1947-, eds. Electrical insulation in power systems. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1997.

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Malik, N. H. Electrical insulation in power systems. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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(1888), Denki Gakkai, IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society., and Asian International Conference on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation (2nd : 1998 : Toyohashi-shi, Japan), eds. Proceedings of 1998 International Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials: 1998 Asian International Conference on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation : 30th Symposium on Electrical Insulating Materials : September 27-30, 1998, Holiday Inn Crowne Plaza Toyohashi, Toyohashi, Japan. Tokyo: Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan, 1998.

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International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements, and Applications (7th 1996 University of Bath). Seventh International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements, and Applications, 23-26 September 1996, venue, University of Bath, UK. London: The Institution, 1996.

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International, Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (2nd 1988 Beijing China). Proceedings: Second International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Beijing, China, September 12-16, 1988. Beijing, China: Tsinghua University Press, 1988.

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International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (2nd 1988 Beijing, China). Proceedings: Second International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Beijing, China, September 12-16, 1988. New York, NY (345 E. 47th St., New York 10017): Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 1988.

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International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements, and Applications (7th 1996 University of Bath). Seventh International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications, 23-26 September 1996: Venue, University of Bath, UK. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 1996.

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International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements, and Applications (6th 1992 Manchester, England). Sixth International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements, and Applications, 7-10 September 1992, venue, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology Conference Center, Manchester, UK. London: The Institution, 1992.

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International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (1st 1985 Sian, China). Conference record of the 1985 International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials, Shaanxi Guesthouse, Xian, China, June 24-29, 1985. Xi'an, China: Xi'an Jiaotong University Press, 1985.

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International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements, and Applications (8th 2000 Heriot-Watt University). Eighth International Conference on Dielectric Materials, Measurements and Applications, 17-21 September 2000: Venue, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. London: Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dielectrics. Electric insulators and insulation"

1

Mahajan, S. M., and K. W. Lam. "Contribution of a Solid Insulator to an Electron Avalanche in Nitrogen Gas." In Gaseous Dielectrics VI, 297–303. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3706-9_37.

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Villa, A., L. Barbieri, and R. Malgesini. "Insulator Diagnostics Through a Dielectric E-Field Sensor." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 429–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31676-1_41.

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Houssa, M., P. W. Mertens, M. M. Heyns, and A. Stesmans. "Electrical Properties of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Devices with High Permittivity Gate Dielectric Layers." In Supermaterials, 1–20. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0912-6_1.

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Ekpunobi, Uchenna, Christopher Ihueze, Philomena Igbokwe, Azubike Ekpunobi, Happiness Obiora-Ilouno, Chijioke Onu, Sunday Agbo, et al. "Production of Electrical Porcelain Insulators from Local Raw Materials: A Review." In Clay and Clay Minerals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98902.

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This paper reviewed the production of electric porcelain insulators utilizing from local raw materials from developing countries. The raw materials used were feldspar, quartz/silica and kaolin. The chemical composition, mineralogy, and thermal properties of the raw materials were characterized using AAS, XRD, and TGA respectively. Different weight percentage combinations of the individual raw materials were investigated by the authors. Most of the results showed relatively acceptable porcelain insulators properties such as low water absorption, porosity, high insulation resistance, dielectric strength and bulk density. The paper showed that electric porcelain insulators with good properties can be produced from available local raw materials in some developing countries using appropriate formulations. However, for production of improved porcelain insulators properties, suggestions were made on the areas for future research.
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Newnham, Robert E. "Dielectric constant." In Properties of Materials. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198520757.003.0011.

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The dielectric constant K is a measure of a material’s ability to store electric charge. In scalar form the defining relations are as follows: . . . D = εE, . . . where D is the electric displacement measured in C/m2, ε is the electric permittivity in F/m, and E is electric field in V/m. The dielectric constant K is the relative permittivity: . . . K = ε/ε0, . . . where ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 F/m is the permittivity of free space. The electric displacement D is equal to the sum of the charges stored on the electrode plus those originating from the polarization, P [C/m2] . . . D = ε0 E + P. . . . In this chapter we discuss the tensor nature of the dielectric constant, how it is represented geometrically, and some typical structure–property relationships. Dielectric constants range over about four orders of magnitude in insulator materials. Because of their low density, gases have dielectric constants only slightly larger than one. At one atmosphere, the dielectric constant of air is 1.0006. Most common ceramics and polymers have dielectric constants in the range between 2 and 10. Polyethylene is 2.3 and silica glass is 3.8. These are low-density dielectrics with substantially covalent bonding. More ionic materials like NaCl and Al2O3 have slightly higher K values in the 6–10 range. High K materials like water (K ∽ 80) and BaTiO3 (K∽1000) have special polarization mechanisms involving rotating dipoles or ferroelectric phase transformations. A schematic view of the principal types of polarization mechanisms is illustrated in Fig. 9.1. The electronic component of polarization arising from field-induced changes in the electron cloud around each atom is found in all matter. The ionic contribution is also common and is associated with the relative motions of cations and anions in an electric field. Orientational polarizability arises from the rotation of molecular dipoles in the field. These motions are common in organic substances. Many materials also contain mobile charge carriers in the form of ions or electrons that can migrate under applied fields.
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"Solid Dielectrics, their Sources, Properties, and Behavior in Electric Fields." In High Voltage and Electrical Insulation Engineering, 319–70. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470947906.ch7.

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Bunker, Bruce C., and William H. Casey. "Glass Dissolution and Leaching." In The Aqueous Chemistry of Oxides. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199384259.003.0023.

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Oxide glasses represent some of the most important and prevalent materials that we encounter in our daily lives. The glass industry in the United States produces more than 75,000 glass products, with annual production estimated to be around 20,000,000 t. Roughly 50% of this production is for glass containers for food, beverages, and other liquids. Everyone relies on transparent glass windows for their homes, cars, and even their cell phones. Fiberglass provides insulation for our homes and businesses. We rely on glass for many optical systems, ranging from eyeglasses to microscope lenses to optical fiber communications. Glass is also an optically pleasing material found in many works of art, including stained glass windows. Glass even plays a role in energy transport and storage, being an important electrical insulator used in devices ranging from transformers to batteries. Glass compositions need to be optimized for specific applications, with important parameters being melting properties, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion, strength, dielectric properties, and, of course, optical properties. In most of these applications, glass objects encounter water, either to perform their basic functions or as a result of long-term environmental exposure. This means the chemical properties of many glasses also need to be optimized. Fortunately, borosilicate glasses, which represent the most widely used technological glass compositions, tend to exhibit a high level of resistance to aqueous attack. Understanding the kinetics and mechanisms of glass dissolution is critically important to the nuclear power and defense industries, which involves how to dispose of nuclear wastes safely. These wastes can be exceedingly complex, and contain almost every element found in the Periodic Table. The challenge is to incorporate these wastes into solids that encapsulate radionuclides safely for millions of years. Glass is an attractive option as a waste form because glass melts can accommodate almost all the constituents found in nuclear wastes. However, the deployment of glass waste forms requires the ability to predict the stability of the waste out to exceedingly long times based on science-based glass-dissolution models.
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Cantor, Brian. "The Fermi Level." In The Equations of Materials, 267–300. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198851875.003.0013.

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The Fermi level is the maximum energy of the electrons in a material. Effectively there is a Fermi equation: EF = E max. This chapter examines the discrete electron energy levels in individual atoms as a consequence of the Pauli exclusion principle, the corresponding energy bands in a material composed of many atoms or molecules, and the way in which conductor, insulator and semiconductor materials depend on the position of the Fermi level relative to the energy bands. It explains: the concepts of electron mobility, mean free path and conductivity; the dielectric effect and capacitance; p-type, n-type, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors; and the behaviour of some simple microelectronic devices. Enrico Fermi was the son of a minor railway official in Rome. He had a meteoric scientific career in Italy, developing Fermi-Dirac statistics for the energies of fundamental fermion particles (such as electrons and protons), discovering the neutrino, and explaining the behaviour of different materials under bombardment from fast and slow neutrons. After initially joining Mussolini’s Fascist Party, he became unhappy at the level of anti-Semitism (his wife was Jewish) and left suddenly for America, immediately after receiving the Nobel Prize in Sweden. At Columbia and Chicago Universities and at Los Alamos National Labs, he played a key scientific role in developing controlled fission in an atomic pile, leading to the development of the atomic bomb towards the end of the Second World War, and the nuclear energy industry after the war.
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Jolivet, Jean-Pierre. "Nanomaterials: Specificities of Properties and Synthesis." In Metal Oxide Nanostructures Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190928117.003.0004.

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The concept of material concerns matter in solid state that is endowed with usable properties for practical applications. It is indeed in the solid state that matter exhibits the highest mechanical strength and chemical inertness, providing solidity and sustainability because the solid is based on an extended stiff crystalline framework. It is also in the solid state that many properties exist, including optical, electrical, and magnetic properties, providing great technological progress. A typical example is electronics which owes its enormous development to doped silicon. A material may therefore be defined as a useful solid. The properties of a solid depend directly on its chemical composition, crystalline and electronic structures, texture, as well as morphology and casting. This last point, which is often neglected, is illustrated by amorphous silica glass, which is used largely for its properties such as chemical inertness, mechanical strength, optical transparency, and low thermal and electrical conductivities. These various properties are highlighted through the many possibilities of casting and shaping: flat glass (optical transparency for glazing); hollow glass (chemical inertness and mechanical strength for bottling); short fibers (glass wool for heat insulation) and long fibers (optical fibers); massive pieces (insulators for electric power lines); and thin films (insulating layers for miniaturized electronics). Metal oxides exhibit a wide range of exploitable properties useful for innumerable applications. Silica, SiO2, as flat glass, has excellent optical properties, but other oxides such as LiNbO3 and KTiOPO4 exhibit interesting nonlinear optical properties, allowing changes in the wavelength of the transmitted light. Certain oxides are good electrical insulators (SiO2), but others are true elec­tronic conductors (VO2, NaxWO3), ionic conductors (β-alumina NaAl11O17, NaSiCON Na3Zr2PSi2O12, yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia Zr1–xYxO2–x/ 2), and also superconductors (cuprates such as YBa2Cu3O7–x and Bi4Sr3Ca3Cu4O16+x). Compounds such as BaTiO3, PbZr1–xTixO3, and PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 are ferroelectric solids used largely as miniaturized electronic components, whereas spinel ferrite γ-Fe2O3, barium hexaferrite BaFe12O19, and garnet Y3Fe5O12 are more or less coercive ferrimagnetic solids used in magnetic recording or as permanent magnets.
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Conference papers on the topic "Dielectrics. Electric insulators and insulation"

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Da Silva, E., and S. M. Rowland. "In-Service Surface Degradation of MV Composite Insulators under Severe Environmental Conditions and Low Electric Stress." In 2008 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2008.4772828.

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Cao, Wen, Hao Xue, Yan Du, Hao Yang, Long Zhao, Xiaoxue Guo, Yang Wang, Wei Shen, Zengpeng Lv, and Wen Cao. "Study on the Law of Water Drop Movement on the Surface of Insulators under AC and DC Electric Field." In 2019 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp47102.2019.9009765.

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Campbell, A. N., D. M. Tanner, J. M. Soden, D. K. Stewart, A. Doyle, E. Adams, M. Gibson, and M. Abramo. "Electrical and Chemical Characterization of FIB-Deposited Insulators." In ISTFA 1997. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1997p0223.

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Abstract The electrical and chemical properties of insulators produced by codeposition of siloxane compounds or TEOS with oxygen in a focused ion beam (FIB) system were investigated. Metal-insulator-metal capacitor structures were fabricated and tested. Specifically, leakage current and breakdown voltage were measured and used to calculate the effective resistance and breakdown field. Capacitance measurements were performed on a subset of the structures. It was found that the siloxanebased FIB-insulators had superior electrical properties to those based on TEOS. Microbeam Rutherford backscattering spectrometry analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the films and to help understand the differences in electrical behavior as a function of gas chemistry and deposition conditions. Finally, a comparison is made between the results presented here, previous results for FIB-deposited insulators, and typical thermally-grown gate oxides and interlevel dielectric Si02 insulators.
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Munoz-Hernandez, Andres, and Gerardo Diaz. "Dielectric Breakdown Process for Biomass Gasification." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36402.

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When exposed to a sufficiently strong electric field, all materials suffer from a form of breakdown. Although wood is sometimes utilized as an electrical insulator, it is also subject to breakdown when exposed to high electric fields. In general, dielectric breakdown is considered a negative effect for electrically insulating materials since it implies the loss of insulating properties of the material. However, the high temperatures generated inside the material (∼2000 K) can be used as an efficient way to induce the thermo-chemical decomposition of biomass with the purpose of sustainable energy generation. A low power (∼100 W) experimental setup using this novel approach was built to perform experiments under air or nitrogen environments at different flow rates to determine the gasification rate and the specific energy required for thermal-decomposition. Thermal decomposition rates that require specific energies of the order of 17 kJ/g were measured, suggesting that dielectric breakdown can be efficiently used for waste-to-energy conversion.
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Ono, M., T. Ishihara, and A. Nishiyama. "Dependence of electron mobility by remote coulomb scattering on dielectric constant distribution in stacked gate dielectrics." In Extended Abstracts of International Workshop on Gate Insulator. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwgi.2003.159205.

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Bhattacharjee, Biddut, and Homayoun Najjaran. "Effects of the Properties of Dielectric Materials on the Fabrication and Operation of Digital Microfluidic Systems." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39512.

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Digital microfluidic systems (DMS), where liquid droplets are manipulated on a planar surface, are the recent generation of microfluidic systems. Specifically, the systems where electrowetting force is employed for the actuation of droplets on a 2-D array of electrodes are capable of performing many of the basic fluidic operations. In these systems, the actuation force on the liquid droplet is a function of the applied voltage and its frequency, dielectric properties of the liquid and the insulating material, and finally the instantaneous position of the droplet between two adjacent electrodes. At lower frequencies the applied voltage is dropped almost entirely in the insulating layer for droplets of aqueous liquids. The unit area capacitance of the insulating layer depends linearly on the dielectric constant and inversely on the thickness. Therefore, for a given voltage and frequency, stronger actuation force can be generated if a thinner layer of material with high dielectric strength is used. However, the electric-field strength of the material poses the limitation on reducing the thickness of insulating layer. Typical insulators, with high electric field strength, used in microelectromechanical systems require quite sophisticated equipment for their deposition on the substrates. On the other hand, spin-coating of polymer insulators have been adopted as an economic and faster alternative technique for the fabrication of DMS. Polymer insulators possess reasonable dielectric strength and lower thickness can be achieved from higher spin speeds. However, low electric-field strengths of these materials prohibit working with thinner layers. As a result, actuation of droplets in DMS, fabricated using these materials as insulators, requires higher voltages. Higher applied voltages are not desirable for portable systems dealing with sensitive liquid samples. This paper presents an investigation on different insulating materials in terms of the ease of fabrication and the minimum voltage requirements for operation. The results can be useful in choosing the insulating material that will result in the expected level of performance while meeting the resource constraints. As a result, this paper specifies the material, based on the comparative study, that can be used to avoid the need for a sophisticated deposition system and the fabricated DMS can be operated with much lower voltages.
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Mei, Hongwei, Yingke Mao, Liming Wang, Jianchao Zheng, and Zhicheng Guan. "Influence of sugar in contaminant to outdoor insulation characteristics of glass insulator." In 2009 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2009.5377760.

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Subba Reddy, B., B. Satish Naik, Udaya Kumar, and L. Satish. "Potential and electric field distribution in a ceramic disc insulator string with faulty insulators." In 2012 IEEE 10th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpadm.2012.6318928.

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Birmpiliotis, D., M. Koutsoureli, L. Buhagier, G. Papaioannou, and A. Ziaei. "Mitigation of Dielectric Charging in MEMS Capacitive Switches with Stacked TiO2/Y2O3 Insulator Film." In ISTFA 2018. ASM International, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2018p0324.

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Abstract Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors with single TiO2 and a TiO2/Y2O3 stack are used as insulator films in MIM and MEMS, respectively, are explored. It is found that, under electron injection from bottom electrode, the TiO2 MIM capacitors demonstrate resistive switching with a magnitude of leakage currents not usable for MEMS application. The deposition of a stacked TiO2/Y2O3 dielectric film improves the MEMS performance without compromising the low dielectric charging of TiO2 single layer.
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Asheghi, Mehdi. "Nanoscale Heat Conduction in the SOI, Strained-Si and Tri-Gate Transistors." In ASME 2004 3rd Integrated Nanosystems Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nano2004-46050.

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There have been many attempts in the recent years to improve the device performance by enhancing carrier mobility by using the strained-induced changes in silicon electronic bands [1–4] or reducing the junction capacitance in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology. Strained silicon on insulator (SSOI) is another promising technology, which is expected to show even higher performance, in terms of speed and power consumption, comparing to the regular strained-Si transistors. In this technology, the strained silicon is incorporated in the silicon on insulator (SOI) technology such that the strained-Si introduces high mobility for electrons and holes and the insulator layer (usually SiO2) exhibits low junction capacitance due to its small dielectric constant [5, 6]. In these devices a layer of SiGe may exist between the strined-Si layer and insulator (strained Si-on-SiGe-on-insulator, SGOI) [6] or the strained-Si layer can be directly on top of the insulator [7]. Latter is advantageous for eliminating some of the key problems associated with the fabrication of SGOI.
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Reports on the topic "Dielectrics. Electric insulators and insulation"

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Eager, G. S. Jr, G. W. Seman, and B. Fryszczyn. Determination of threshold and maximum operating electric stresses for selected high voltage insulations: Investigation of aged polymeric dielectric cable. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/212744.

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