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Journal articles on the topic 'Diesel engine emissions'
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1
Kuang, Xin, Sheng Ji Liu, Jian Sun, and Jian Wang. "A Study on Emissions of Small Diesel Engines." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 1812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.1812.
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Taking a small diesel engine as the prototype, emission researches for its structural features and different uses are carried out. Obvious differences of emissions for the same diesel engine using different test cycles are shown. By analyzing the test result, it has been found that the weighting factor of each mode is only part of the factors for the large differences of the emission values. The contributions of individual modes are used to analyze the mechanism of changing emissions of the diesel engine and it is found that reducing NOX of the full load for the mobile non-road diesel engine is the key to reach emission standard; for the fixed diesel engine, CO emission must be controlled at the same time. It has been found that it is necessary to take different combustion optimization parameters or measures to reduce the emission of the diesel engine according to the different uses of small diesel engine engines.
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Rajashekhar, C. R., T. K. Chandrashekar, C. Umashankar, and R. Harish Kumar. "Reductions of Bio-Diesel Exhaust Emissions through Engine Combustion Chamber Design Modifications — An Experimental Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1751–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1751.
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Increased demand and production in all segments of the automotive industry has driven the nation to impose stringent emission norms for automobile engines. At this juncture, bio-diesel has sufficient attraction as vehicular fuel. But the properties of bio-diesels are not the same as diesel fuels, including high viscosity and low volatility. Due to this inherent problem it exhibits poor atomization, which results in incomplete combustion and increased exhaust emissions. This naturally implies that automotive designers have to focus their research more on engine emissions while at the same time not compromising on power development. This has put enormous pressure on automotive industry to design the engine efficiently and economically to compete with the global market. This paper relates the modification of engine combustion chamber design, for inducing turbulence to improve the combustibility of combustible mixture of karanja bio-diesel and to reduce the exhaust emissions. The modification includes the tri-chambered piston and twisting blade pistons. In the present work the emission characteristics of modified piston engine are compared with the standard piston engine. It was observed that the CO and UBHC emissions can be effectively reduced with tri-chambered piston engine.
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Liang, Peng, Qian Yang Chen, and Hai Bo Long. "Research on Perovskite Catalysis for Diesel Engine Exhaust Removal." Advanced Materials Research 937 (May 2014): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.937.363.
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Diesel engine emissions of nitrogen oxides and particulates are the major source of air pollution that is a serious threat to human health. Diesel emissions treatment technology meet the increasingly stringent emission standards through the current difficulty and develop a new diesel engine exhausted treatment technology to further reduce the nitrogen oxide and particulate emissions are from diesel engines. In this paper, La1-xAxCo1-yByO3 complex perovskite catalysts for diesel engine exhaust emission purification carry out the relevant research, this article firstly study the perovskite oxide catalyst preparation methods, as the catalyst preparation process are described .Then the activity of the catalyst samples obtain some useful results.
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Um Min Allah, Fazal, and Alexandru Gruia. "Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Bioethanol on Emission Performance of Diesel Engine for Rapeseed Biodiesel-Diesel Blends." Applied Mechanics and Materials 823 (January 2016): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.823.319.
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Global warming and climate change are the motives to find a solution for emission reduction of diesel engines. Bioethanol is renewable fuel which can be used in diesel engine as a part of biodiesel-diesel blends. The effect of bioethanol on the emission performance of diesel engine for rapeseed biodiesel-diesel blends as a function of engine load is evaluated in this paper. KDE 6500E diesel generator is used for this purpose. Carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are recorded with the help of VLT-458 exhaust gas analyzer. Blends with higher concentrations of bioethanol have shown lower CO emissions while HC emissions increase with the increase in bioethanol concentration in the blends. CO2 emissions are recorded more at higher loads for all types of biodiesel and bioethanol concentrations than that of diesel fuel.
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Moore, J. S., J. D. Maples, and Philip D. Patterson. "Light-Duty Diesels: Consumer Perspectives and U.S. Energy Supply Issues." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1641, no. 1 (1998): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1641-03.
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An assessment of the potential for diesel engine light-duty vehicles to reduce petroleum consumption and greenhouse gas emissions is presented. Historical diesel vehicle sales behavior is presented and analyzed. Future market penetration and resultant petroleum consumption and emission reductions for advanced diesel engines are projected. Results of a survey of new vehicle buyer attitudes toward improved diesel engines are presented and analyzed. Effects of increased diesel market share on diesel fuel supply and price are estimated. Overall, the outlook for diesels in light vehicles is somewhat promising if pollution issues and consumer concerns about the earlier diesels can be addressed.
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Gambino, M., R. Cericola, P. Corbo, and S. Iannaccone. "Carbonyl Compounds and PAH Emissions From CNG Heavy-Duty Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 4 (1993): 747–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906769.
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Previous works carried out in Istituto Motori laboratories have shown that natural gas is a suitable fuel for general means of transportation. This is because of its favorable effects on engine performance and pollutant emissions. The natural gas fueled engine provided the same performance as the diesel engine, met R49 emission standards, and showed very low smoke levels. On the other hand, it is well known that internal combustion engines emit some components that are harmful for human health, such as carbonyl compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). This paper shows the results of carbonyl compounds and PAH emissions analysis for a heavy-duty Otto cycle engine fueled with natural gas. The engine was tested using the R49 cycle that is used to measure the regulated emissions. The test analysis has been compared with an analysis of a diesel engine, tested under the same conditions. Total PAH emissions from the CNG engine were about three orders of magnitude lower than from the diesel engine. Formaldehyde emission from the CNG engine was about ten times as much as from the diesel engine, while emissions of other carbonyl compounds were comparable.
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Cheng, Wen Ming, and Jia Liu. "Emission Characteristics Comparison of a Common Rail Diesel Engine Fuelled with Diesel and Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 127 (October 2011): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.127.237.
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Diesel engines are widely used in almost all walks of life and cannot be dispensed with in the near future, and common rail technology is now widely applied in diesel engines for its advantages. An experimental investigation is carried out to establish the emission characteristics of a common rail diesel engine fuelled with diesel and biodiesel produced from cottonseed oil. The emissions measured were carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, oxides of nitrogen and smoke. From the results, it is found that most exhaust emissions encountered with conventional diesel fuel are reduced with biodiesel fuel, with the exception of nitrogen oxides. From the investigation it can be concluded that biodiesel can be used as an alternative to diesel in a common rail diesel engine without any engine modifications.
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Georgiou, Charalampos, and Ulugbek Azimov. "Analysis and Multi-Parametric Optimisation of the Performance and Exhaust Gas Emissions of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Operating on Miller Cycle." Energies 13, no. 14 (2020): 3724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13143724.
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A major issue nowadays that concerns the pollution of the environment is the emissions emerging from heavy-duty internal combustion engines. Such concern is dictated by the fact that the electrification of heavy-duty transport still remains quite challenging due to limitations associated with mileage, charging speed and payload. Further improvements in the performance and emission characteristics of conventional heavy-duty diesel engines are required. One of a few feasible approaches to simultaneously improve the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine is to convert it to operate on Miller cycle. Therefore, this study was divided into two stages, the first stage was the simulation of a heavy-duty turbocharged diesel engine (4-stroke, 6-cylinder and 390 kW) to generate data that will represent the reference model. The second stage was the application of Miller cycle to the conventional diesel engine by changing the degrees of intake valve closure and compressor pressure ratio. Both stages have been implemented through the specialist software which was able to simulate and represent a diesel engine based on performance and emissions data. An objective of this extensive investigation was to develop several models in order to compare their emissions and performances and design a Miller cycle engine with an ultimate goal to optimize diesel engine for improved performance and reduced emissions. This study demonstrates that Miller cycle diesel engines could overtake conventional diesel engines for the reduced exhaust gas emissions at the same or even better level of performance. This study shows that, due to the dependence of engine performance on complex multi-parametric operation, only one model achieved the objectives of the study, more specifically, engine power and torque were increased by 5.5%, whilst nitrogen oxides and particulate matter were decreased by 30.2% and 5.5%, respectively, with negligible change in specific fuel consumption and CO2, as average values over the whole range of engine operating regimes.
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Lebedevas, Sergejus, Lukas Norkevičius, and Peilin Zhou. "Investigation of Effect on Environmental Performance of Using LNG as Fuel for Engines in Seaport Tugboats." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (2021): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020123.
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Decarbonization of ship power plants and reduction of harmful emissions has become a priority in the technological development of maritime transport, including ships operating in seaports. Engines fueled by diesel without using secondary emission reduction technologies cannot meet MARPOL 73/78 Tier III regulations. The MEPC.203 (62) EEDI directive of the IMO also stipulates a standard for CO2 emissions. This study presents the results of research on ecological parameters when a CAT 3516C diesel engine is replaced by a dual-fuel (diesel-liquefied natural gas) powered Wartsila 9L20DF engine on an existing seaport tugboat. CO2, SO2 and NOx emission reductions were estimated using data from the actual engine load cycle, the fuel consumption of the KLASCO-3 tugboat, and engine-prototype experimental data. Emission analysis was performed to verify the efficiency of the dual-fuel engine in reducing CO2, SO2 and NOx emissions of seaport tugboats. The study found that replacing a diesel engine with a dual-fuel-powered engine led to a reduction in annual emissions of 10% for CO2, 91% for SO2, and 65% for NOx. Based on today’s fuel price market data an economic impact assessment was conducted based on the estimated annual fuel consumption of the existing KLASCO-3 seaport tugboat when a diesel-powered engine is replaced by a dual-fuel (diesel-natural gas)-powered engine. The study showed that a 33% fuel costs savings can be achieved each year. Based on the approved methodology, an ecological impact assessment was conducted for the entire fleet of tugboats operating in the Baltic Sea ports if the fuel type was changed from diesel to natural gas. The results of the assessment showed that replacing diesel fuel with natural gas achieved 78% environmental impact in terms of NOx emissions according to MARPOL 73/78 Tier III regulations. The research concludes that new-generation engines on the market powered by environmentally friendly fuels such as LNG can modernise a large number of existing seaport tugboats, significantly reducing their emissions in ECA regions such as the Baltic Sea.
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Jamali, Q. B., M. T. Bhatti, Q. A. Qazi, et al. "Analysis of CO2, CO, NO, NO2, and PM Particulates of a Diesel Engine Exhaust." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 9, no. 6 (2019): 4912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.3093.
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Exhaust emissions of a diesel engine are considered to be a substantial source of environmental pollution. Diesel engines are mainly used in vehicles and power generation. The usage of diesel engines is unavoidable as they give more power and performance, but at the same time, higher usage of diesel engines leads to increased air pollution, sound pollution, and emissions to the environment. Therefore, various attempts have been made to control the harmful emissions of engines. For this reason, different devices have been made such as catalytic convertors to overcome emission problems and purify the harmful gases. In order to meet these ends, a new system was designed that would contribute to controlling the air pollution of the engines. The system is also known as an aqua silencer, and its design is somehow different but still can be used as a silencer. The newly designed emission controller was installed in a test-bed diesel engine and a total of twenty experiments were conducted with and without the new emission controller at constant speed and at constant load. During these experiments, exhaust gases were analyzed with flue gas analyzers measuring CO2, CO, NO2, NO, and PM. The study concluded that the contaminants of diesel engine exhaust gases were) controlled by the developed emission controller.
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Han, Zhiyu, and Rolf D. Reitz. "Seeing Reduced Diesel Emissions." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 01 (1998): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-jan-2.
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This article highlights animated three-dimensional computer models that show how to control the biggest pollutants coming from diesel engines. Increasingly strict regulations have led engineers to search for new ways of controlling the polluting emissions from diesel engines without compromising fuel economy. The past experiments tended to yield the same disappointing results-nitrogen oxide emissions increased if soot emissions were reduced and vice versa. Using animated three-dimensional computer models, researchers at the University of Wisconsin's Engine Research Center (ERC) in Madison found that multiple high-pressure injections enabled soot and nitrogen oxide emissions to be reduced at the same time. The discovery of the new multiple-injection method is significant for diesel-engine design. The combustion models developed at the ERC are now being used at major engine and automotive companies. Because engineers now know how to reduce nitrogen oxide and soot simultaneously, they can apply this mechanism to improve injection-scheme designs.
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Ciatti, Steve. "The Gasoline Diesel." Mechanical Engineering 134, no. 09 (2012): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2012-sep-2.
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This article evaluates engine efficiency as a step towards improving fuel economy and emissions performance. Diesel engines tend to be very efficient; however, they have an emissions problem. They require complex and expensive equipment to meet pollution mandates. Spark ignition gasoline engines, on the other hand, do a much better job with emissions, but they are inherently less efficient. Thus, the research team at Argonne National Laboratory has decided to look for ways to combine the best characteristics of both. This new system is more like traditional diesel combustion than spark ignition, but uses a gasoline-like fuel and an innovative approach to combustion to minimize emissions. Diesel engines tend to run lean, meaning there is more oxygen in the mix than fuel, which reduces in-cylinder average temperatures. Research shows that gasoline spark engines have fatal efficiency flaws but comply easily and relatively inexpensively with emission requirements. Diesels are more efficient, but carry a heavy penalty for emission compliance. Different research teams’ challenge is to ensure robust, reliable operation during transient operation. The new system’s torque profile is essentially the same as that of a conventional diesel, and it provides excellent performance in the powerband where most people drive.
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Ma, Zhongmin, Yuanyuan Yang, Peiting Sun, et al. "Analysis of Marine Diesel Engine Emission Characteristics of Different Power Ranges in China." Atmosphere 12, no. 9 (2021): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091108.
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In order to accurately assess China’s port air pollution caused by the shipping industry, two main methods can be used to calculate the emissions of ships, including the method based on ship fuel consumption and the method based on ship activities. Both methods require accurate diesel engine emission factors, or specific emissions. In this paper, the emission characteristics of NOX, CO, CO2 and THC from 197 domestic marine diesel engines were tested under bench test conditions by a standard emission measurement system. The diesel engines were divided into six Classes, A~F, according to their power distribution, and the fuel-based emission factors and energy-based emission factors of marine main engine and auxiliary engine meeting IMO NOX Tier II standards were given. The results showed that the main engine fuel-based emission factors of NOX, CO, CO2 and THC from Class A to Class F were 33.25~76.58, 2.70~4.33, 3123.92~3166.47 and 1.10~2.64 kg/t-fuel, respectively; and the energy-based emission factors were 6.57~11.75, 0.56~0.81, 530.28~659.71 and 0.18~0.61 g/kW h, respectively. The auxiliary engine fuel-based emission factors of NOX, CO, CO2 and THC from Class A to Class D were 27.17~39.81, 2.66~5.12, 3113.01~3141.34 and 1.16~2.87 kg/t-fuel respectively; and their energy-based emission factors were 6.06~8.33, 0.47~0.77, 656.86~684.91 and 0.21~0.61 g/kW h, respectively. The emission factors for different types of diesel engines were closely related to the diesel engine load, and the relation between them could be expressed by quadratic polynomial or power function. The results of this paper provide valuable data for the estimation of waterway transportation exhaust emissions and comprehensive understanding of the emission characteristics of marine diesel engines.
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Xiao, Helin, Pengfei Zeng, Liangrui Zhao, Zhongzhao Li, and Xiaowei Fu. "An experimental study of the combusition and emission performances of 2,5-dimethylfuran diesel blends on a diesel engine." Thermal Science 21, no. 1 Part B (2017): 543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci160526226x.
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Experiments were carried out in a direct injection compression ignition engine fueled with diesel-dimethylfuran blends. The combustion and emission performances of diesel-dimethylfuran blends were investigated under various loads ranging from 0.13 to 1.13 MPa brake mean effective pressure, and a constant speed of 1800 rpm. Results indicate that diesel-dimethylfuran blends have different combustion performance and produce longer ignition delay and shorter combustion duration compared with pure diesel. Moreover, a slight increase of brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency occurs when a Diesel engine operates with blended fuels, rather than diesel fuel. Diesel-dimethylfuran blends could lead to higher NOx emissions at medium and high engine loads. However, there is a significant reduction in soot emission when engines are fueled with diesel-dimethylfuran blends. Soot emissions under each operating conditions are similar and close to zero except for D40 at 0.13 MPa brake mean effective pressure. The total number and mean geometric diameter of emitted particles from diesel-dimethylfuran blends are lower than pure diesel. The tested fuels exhibit no significant difference in either CO or HC emissions at medium and high engine loads. Nevertheless, diesel fuel produces the lowest CO emission and higher HC emission at low loads of 0.13 to 0.38 MPa brake mean effective pressure.
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Punitharani, K., and V. Parameshwaran. "Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Performance of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Waste Plastic Oil / Diesel Blends." Strojnícky casopis – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 67, no. 2 (2017): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/scjme-2017-0022.
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AbstractNOx emission is one of the major sources for health issues, acid rain and global warming. Diesel engine vehicles are the major sources for NOx emissions. Hence there is a need to reduce the emissions from the engines by identifying suitable techniques or by means of alternate fuels. The present investigation deals with the effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on 4S, single cylinder, DI diesel engine using plastic oil/Diesel blends P10 (10% plastic oil & 90% diesel in volume), P20 and P30 at various EGR rates. Plastic oil blends were able to operate in diesel engines without any modifications and the results showed that P20 blend had the least NOx emission quantity.
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Canakci, M. "Performance and emissions characteristics of biodiesel from soybean oil." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 7 (2005): 915–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x28736.
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Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel that can be produced from renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils, waste frying oils, and animal fats. It is an oxygenated, non-toxic, sulphur-free, biodegradable, and renewable fuel. Many engine manufacturers have included this fuel in their warranties since it can be used in diesel engines without significant modification. However, the fuel properties such as cetane number, heat of combustion, specific gravity, and kinematic viscosity affect the combustion, engine performance and emission characteristics. In this study, the engine performance and emissions characteristics of two different petroleum diesel fuels (No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels) and biodiesel from soybean oil and its 20 per cent blends with No. 2 diesel fuel were compared. The results showed that the engine performance of the neat biodiesel and its blend was similar to that of No. 2 diesel fuel with nearly the same brake fuel conversion efficiency, and slightly higher fuel consumption. CO2 emission for the biodiesel was slightly higher than for the No. 2 diesel fuel. Compared with diesel fuels, biodiesel produced lower exhaust emissions, except NO x.
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Mat Yasin, Mohd Hafizil, Rizalman Mamat, Abdul Mutalib Leman, Amir Khalid, and Noreffendy Tamaldin. "Experimental Investigation on Biodiesel-Ethanol-Diesel Blends Operating with a Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 221–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.221.
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Biodiesel is an alternative, decomposable and biological-processed fuel that has similar characteristics with mineral diesel which can be used directly into diesel engines. However, biodiesel has its drawbacks which are more density and viscosity compared to mineral diesel. Alcohol additives implementation such as ethanol could reduce significantly the density and viscosity of the biodiesel. In this study, biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (5%)-diesel (75%), biodiesel (20%)-methanol (10%)-diesel (70%), biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (15%)-diesel (65%), biodiesel (20%)-ethanol (20%)-diesel (60%) and standard mineral diesel as a baseline fuel are tested in a Mitsubishi 4D68 diesel engine. Those test fuels are investigated under the same operating conditions at three different engine loads; 20%, 40% and 60% at a constant engine speed of 2500 rpm to determine the engine performance, combustion and emission of the diesel engine. Overall, biodiesel-ethanol-diesel blends show higher brake specific fuel consumption than mineral diesel especially at higher ethanol concentration. As ethanol proportions in blends increase, CO emissions increase, while NO emissions are reduced. Also, biodiesel-ethanol blend with 5% ethanol is more effective than other biodiesel-ethanol blends for reducing CO emissions and improve the combustion.
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Misawa, Masahiro, Yuzo Aoyagi, Masayuki Kobayashi, Matsuo Odaka, and Yuichi Goto. "High EGR Diesel Combustion and Emission Reduction Study by Single Cylinder Engine(Diesel Engines, Performance and Emissions, Intake Gas Treatment)." Proceedings of the International symposium on diagnostics and modeling of combustion in internal combustion engines 2004.6 (2004): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jmsesdm.2004.6.59.
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Cui, Xiang Dong, Zhi De Zhang, and Bin Li. "Study on Energy Saving and Environmental Protection of Marine Dual Fuel Diesel Engine and Using Problems in China." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1912–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1912.
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With concern about the influence from hazardous emissions of marine diesel engine using fuel oil as fuel and international convention on marine diesel engine emission regulations, the new technology developments of foreign marine dual fuel diesel engines and their latest progresses are introduced, and the development trend of dual fuel diesel engine applications on ship demonstrated. The using problems of the marine dual fuel diesel engine in China are researched with an analysis and prospect of action and reaction in China.
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Yang, Seamoon, and Changhee Lee. "Exhaust Gas Characteristics According to the Injection Conditions in Diesel and DME Engines." Applied Sciences 9, no. 4 (2019): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9040647.
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In this paper, the effect of high-pressure injection pressure on particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is discussed. Many studies have been conducted by active researchers on high-pressure engines; however, the problem of reducing PM and NOx emissions is still not solved. Therefore, in the existing diesel (compression ignition) engines, the common rail high-pressure injection system has limitations in reducing PM and NOx emissions. Accordingly, to solve the exhaust gas emission problem of a compression ignition engine, a compression ignition engine using an alternative fuel is discussed. This study was conducted to optimize the dimethyl ether (DME) engine system, which can satisfy the emission gas exhaust requirements that cannot be satisfied by the current common rail diesel compression ignition engine in terms of efficiency and exhaust gas using DME common rail compression ignition engine. Based on the results of this study on diesel and DME engines under common rail conditions, the changes in engine performance and emission characteristics of exhaust gases with respect to the injection pressure and injection rate were examined. The emission characteristics of NOx, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were affected by the injection pressure of pilot injection. Under these conditions, the exhaust gas characteristics were optimized when the pilot injection period and needle lift were varied.
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CHŁOPEK, Zdzisław. "The methods of synthetic assessment of emissions from combustion engines." Combustion Engines 139, no. 4 (2009): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117171.
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The paper discusses the possibilities of a synthetic assessment of a harmful impact of combustion engine emissions on humans and their natural environment. The ways of air quality evaluations have been analyzed. The authors analyzed the relations of emission charges for combustion engines as per the proposal of the directive of the European Parliament and the European Council in line with the Announcement of the Minister of Environment. A synthetic assessment of the emissions from combustion engines has been proposed. The method of emission assessment was used for the research on the ecological properties of a classic EURO IV diesel engine and a diesel engine fuelled with E95 bioethanol fuel.
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Putrasari, Yanuandri, Achmad Praptijanto, Arifin Nur, et al. "Thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of a diesel-hydrogen dual fuel CI engine at various loads condition." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 9, no. 2 (2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2018.v9.49-56.
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Efforts to find alternative fuels and reduce emissions of CI engines have been conducted, one of which is the use of diesel hydrogen dual fuel. One of the goals of using hydrogen in dual-fuel combustion systems is to reduce particulate emissions and increase engine power. This study investigates the thermal efficiency and emission characteristics of a diesel-hydrogen dual fuel CI engine at various loads condition. The hydrogen was used as a secondary fuel in a single cylinder 667 cm3 diesel engine. The hydrogen was supplied to intake manifold by fumigation method, and diesel was injected directly into the combustion chamber. The results show that the performance test yielding an increase around 10% in the value of thermal efficiency of diesel engines with the addition of hydrogen either at 2000 or 2500 rpm. Meanwhile, emission analyses show that the addition of hydrogen at 2000 and 2500 rpm lead to the decrease of NOx value up to 43%. Furthermore, the smokeless emissions around 0% per kWh were occurred by hydrogen addition at 2000 and 2500 rpm of engine speeds with load operation under 20 Nm.
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Zhang, G. D., H. Liu, X. X. Xia, W. G. Zhang, and J. H. Fang. "Effects of dimethyl carbonate fuel additive on diesel engine performances." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 7 (2005): 897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x28358.
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The physical and chemical properties of some oxygenated compounds are discussed, including dimethoxymethane (methylal, or DMM), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and ethyl acetate. In particular, DMC may be a promising additive for diesel fuel owing to its high oxygen content, no carbon-carbon atomic bonds, suitable boiling point, and solubility in diesel fuel. The aim of this research was to study the combustion characteristics and performance of diesel engines operating on diesel fuel mixed with DMC. The experimental results have shown that particulate matter (PM) emissions can be reduced using the DMC oxygenated compound. The combustion analysis indicated that the ignition delay of the engine fuelled with DMC-diesel blended fuel is longer, but combustion duration is much shorter, and the thermal efficiency is increased compared with that of a base diesel engine. Further, if injection is also delayed, NOx emissions can be reduced while PM emissions are still reduced significantly. The experimental study found that diesel engines fuelled with DMC additive had improved combustion and emission performances.
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Dobre, Alexandru, Constantin Pana, Nikolaos Cristian Nutu, Niculae Negurescu, and Alexandru Cernat. "Theoretical and Experimental Researches Regarding the Use of Butanol at Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 183–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.183.
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Due to the increasing growth of fuel consumption and also its price, alcohols begin to show a real interest for their use as fuel at compression ignition engines. Tightening the requirements on reducing the level of pollutant emissions and greenhouse effect gases has led to the increasing of research on using alcohols as alternative fuel for diesel engine. Among the primary alcohols, butyl alcohol (butanol) is considered to be of great perspective in its use as fuel in diesel engines, due to its properties close to those of diesel fuel. The overall objective of the paper represents using butanol at an automotive diesel engine in order to reduce BSFC, to reduce engine emissions and replace fossil fuels. This paper presents some aspects of the operation of diesel engine fuelled with blends of diesel fuel and butanol. Results of theoretical and experimental investigations done on a 1.5 L diesel engine fuelled with butanol are presented. At the use of butanol in mixture with diesel fuel in different proportions (10% and 20% butanol vol.), brake specific energetic consumption of the engine was reduced by about 2.5% and respectively 5%, NOx emissions decreased by about 15% and respectively 20%, CO2 emission by about 5% for 20% butanol, at the engine running at full load and maximum torque engine speed. The results of experimental investigations have validated the physical-mathematical model used for the simulation of thermo-gas-dynamics processes from the inside engine cylinder. The paper brings real contributions in the field making available to specialists new information related to the use of butanol at the diesel engines.
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Sharma, Amit Kumar, Pankaj Kumar Sharma, Venkateswarlu Chintala, Narayan Khatri, and Alok Patel. "Environment-Friendly Biodiesel/Diesel Blends for Improving the Exhaust Emission and Engine Performance to Reduce the Pollutants Emitted from Transportation Fleets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (2020): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113896.
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Biodiesel derived from biomass is a renewable source of fuel, and global application of biodiesel in the transport sector has rapidly expanded over the last decade. However, effort has been made to overcome its main shortcoming, i.e., efficiency and exhaust emission characteristics (NOx emissions) in unmodified diesel engines. Biodiesel combustion generally results in lower unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust emissions compared to fossil diesel. In this study, various biodiesel blends (Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum) were investigated for fuel characteristics, and engine performance with exhaust emission compared to diesel. Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel were synthesized by the acid–base transesterification approach in a microwave reactor and blended with conventional diesel fuel by volume. The fuel blends were denoted as MB10 (90% diesel + 10% microalgae biodiesel), MB20 (80% diesel + 20% microalgae biodiesel), JB10 (90% diesel + 10% jatropha biodiesel), JB20 (80% diesel + 20% jatropha biodiesel), PB10 (90% diesel + 10% polanga biodiesel) and PB20 (80% diesel + 20% polanga biodiesel). Experiments were performed using these fuel blends with a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine at different loads. It was shown in the results that, at rated load, thermal efficiency of the engine decreased from 34.6% with diesel to 34.1%, 33.7%, 34.1%, 34.0%, 33.9%, and 33.5% with MB10, MB20, JB10, JB20, PB10, and PB20 fuels, respectively. Unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions improved with third-generation fuels (MB10, MB20) in comparison to base diesel fuel and second-generation fuels (JB10, JB20, PB10 and PB20). Oxides of nitrogen emissions were slightly increased with both the third- and second-generation fuels as compared to the base diesel. The combustion behavior of microalgae biodiesel was also very close to diesel fuels. In the context of comparable engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics, along with biofuel production yield (per year per acre), microalgae biodiesel could have a great potential as a next-generation sustainable fuel in compression engine (CI) engines compared to jatropha and polanga biodiesel fuels.
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MERKISZ, Jerzy, Miłosław KOZAK, Jacek PIELECHA, and Maciej ANDRZEJEWSKI. "The influence of application of different diesel fuel-RME blends on PM emissions from a diesel engine." Combustion Engines 148, no. 1 (2012): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117049.
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The aim of the research described in this paper was to determine the potential of RME in reducing particulate emissions from diesel engines. The tests were carried out at Emissions Testing Laboratory, Poznan University of Technology using the AMX-210/100 engine test bed. The AVL Micro Soot Sensor and Smoke Meter were used to measure PM emissions. The emission measurements were carried out over a 13-mode ESC cycle. The tests were conducted on a direct injection (common rail), turbocharged, Euro 4 compliant passenger car diesel engine. Four different diesel fuel/RME blends were tested. These blends contained respectively: 5, 20, 50 and 100% RME.
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Mahmood, Abdulrahman S., Haqi I. Qatta, Saadi M. D. Al-Nuzal, and Talib K. Abed. "Characteristics of Exhaust Emissions for a Diesel Engine Fuelled by Corn Oil Biodiesel and Blended with Diesel Fuel." Engineering and Technology Journal 38, no. 3A (2020): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30684/etj.v38i3a.446.
Full textAbstract:
Environmentally friend biodiesel fuel from corn oil was tested in single-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine operated. Three blends of fuels were prepared from corn oil and diesel fuel viz. 7, 15, and 20 % (designated as B7, B15, and B20, respectively). Tests were conducted on this engine using these blends at a constant speed (1500 rpm) and varying loads (0 % to 100 %). The emissions of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides (NOX) and smoke opacity were measured. In all engine loads, results showed that the emission of CO, HC, and smoke emissions were reduced, while that of NOX and CO2 were increased. Biodiesel blend (B20) showed the highest decrease of the CO and HC and smoke emissions by 22.13 %, 18.5 %, and 25.8 % respectively. While that of NOX and CO2 emissions were increased by 22.3 % and 22%, respectively. It can be recommended as a sound environment friend and renewable for use in diesel engines and can be used without any significant modifications in the engine design.
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Petrovic, Velimir. "Particulate matters from diesel engine exhaust emission." Thermal Science 12, no. 2 (2008): 183–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0802183p.
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Air pollution caused by diesel engine emissions, especially particulate matters and nitric oxides emissions, is one of the biggest problems of current transportation. In the near future the emission of diesel particulate matters will become one of the most important factors that will affect the trend of engine development. Ambient airborne particles have adverse environmental and health effects and therefore their concentration in the air is regulated. Recent medical studies showed that different particle properties are important (for example: number/concentration, active surface, chemical composition/morphology) and may take role in the responsibility for their human health impact. Thus, diesel engines are one of the most important sources of particles in the atmosphere, especially in urban areas. Studying health effects and diesel engine particulate properties, it has been concluded that they are a complex mixture of solids and liquids. Biological activity of particulate matter may be related to particle sizes and their number. The paper presents the activities of UN-ECE working group PMP on defining the best procedure and methodology for the measurement of passenger cars diesel engines particle mass and number concentrations. The results of inter-laboratory emissions testing are presented for different engine technologies with special attention on repeatability and reproducibility of measured data. .
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Song, Jiantong, Chunhua Zhang, Guoqing Lin, and Quanchang Zhang. "Performance and emissions of an electronic control common-rail diesel engine fuelled with liquefied natural gas-diesel dual-fuel under an optimization control scheme." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 6 (2018): 1380–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018801076.
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In order to reduce the fuel consumption and hydrocarbon and CO emissions of liquefied natural gas-diesel dual-fuel engines under light loads, an optimization control scheme, in which the dual-fuel engine runs in original diesel mode under light loads, is used in this paper. The performance and exhaust emissions of the dual-fuel engine and the original diesel engine are compared and analyzed by bench tests of an electronic control common-rail diesel engine. Experimental results show that the brake-specific fuel consumption and hydrocarbon and CO emissions of the liquefied natural gas-diesel dual-fuel engine are not deteriorated under light loads. Compared with diesel, the brake power and torque of dual-fuel remain unchanged, the brake-specific fuel consumption decreases, and the smoke density and CO2 emissions of dual-fuel decrease, while the hydrocarbon and CO emissions increase, and there is no significant difference in NOx emissions.
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Aziz, Amir, Wong Chung Siong, Rizalman Mamat, and Ftwi Yohaness Hagos. "Exhaust Emission Reduction of Diesel Engine Fueled with Emulsified Palm Oil Methyl Esters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 660 (October 2014): 457–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.660.457.
Full textAbstract:
An emulsion fuels is one of an alternative method that have been used to reduce exhaust emission from diesel engine. However, there were still not properly explored on the emulsified biodiesel. In this work, the effects of water concentration in palm oil diesel emulsions (POD) [POD is palm oil Methyl esters] on exhaust emissions of a 4-cylinder diesel engine were investigated. The engine speed was set at 2500 rpm and loads at 20, 40 and 60 %. Emulsions were prepared using ultrasound method by mixing POD fuel with 5, 10 and 20 % of water by volume. Results of exhaust emissions for POD and their emulsion were compared with OD fuel. The experimental results show that, the increasing water concentration in POD decrease the NOx and PM simultaneously. POD emulsions is a promising alternative fuels for reducing emissions from diesel engines without any engine modifications.
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Siwale, Lennox. "Effect of oxygenated fuels on emissions characteristics: a comparative study between compression ignition and spark ignition engines." International Journal of Petrochemical Science & Engineering 4, no. 2 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ipcse.2019.04.00104.
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It is agreed by scientists world-wide that continued burning of petroleum oils without intervention is a great threat to the environment. In this study a comparison is made of the extent of emissions produced between diesel and gasoline engines using oxygenated blends. In the gasoline engine 20% methanol -80%, gasoline M20 was used. In the diesel engine, 20% n-butanol and 80% diesel B20 was the test fuel. The gasoline engine was a naturally aspirated Suzuki RS-416 1.6L engine type and the diesel type engine was a 1Z type, 1.9L Turbo-Direct injection (TDI). The results obtained were as follows: the NOx emissions increased with an increasing BMEP for Diesel Fuel (DF) but was slightly lower than the blend B20 at 50 and 75 % load; whereas using M20, Nox reduced in reference to gasoline fuel (GF) but was four times higher than that obtained in diesel engine; using B20 diminished the quality of Unburned hydrocarbons (uHc) emissions in diesel engine based on the reference fuel DF. The range of emissions of uHC however was far less in the diesel engine than in the gasoline engine.10-60 ppm and 600 to 700 ppm respectively. The blend M20 reduces uHc more than the GF above 25% brake mean effective pressure (bmep).The formation of Carbon monoxide (CO) was rapid for M20 than GF; emission concentration of CO in B20 increased above DF. Exhaust gases temperature (EGT) was lower for all oxygenated blends, M20 and B20, than neat or pure hydrocarbon (HC) fuels: GF and DF.
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Siwale, Lennox. "Effect of oxygenated fuels on emissions characteristics: a comparative study between compression ignition and spark ignition engines." International Journal of Petrochemical Science & Engineering 4, no. 2 (2019): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ipcse.2019.04.00104.
Full textAbstract:
It is agreed by scientists world-wide that continued burning of petroleum oils without intervention is a great threat to the environment. In this study a comparison is made of the extent of emissions produced between diesel and gasoline engines using oxygenated blends. In the gasoline engine 20% methanol -80%, gasoline M20 was used. In the diesel engine, 20% n-butanol and 80% diesel B20 was the test fuel. The gasoline engine was a naturally aspirated Suzuki RS-416 1.6L engine type and the diesel type engine was a 1Z type, 1.9L Turbo-Direct injection (TDI). The results obtained were as follows: the NOx emissions increased with an increasing BMEP for Diesel Fuel (DF) but was slightly lower than the blend B20 at 50 and 75 % load; whereas using M20, Nox reduced in reference to gasoline fuel (GF) but was four times higher than that obtained in diesel engine; using B20 diminished the quality of Unburned hydrocarbons (uHc) emissions in diesel engine based on the reference fuel DF. The range of emissions of uHC however was far less in the diesel engine than in the gasoline engine.10-60 ppm and 600 to 700 ppm respectively. The blend M20 reduces uHc more than the GF above 25% brake mean effective pressure (bmep).The formation of Carbon monoxide (CO) was rapid for M20 than GF; emission concentration of CO in B20 increased above DF. Exhaust gases temperature (EGT) was lower for all oxygenated blends, M20 and B20, than neat or pure hydrocarbon (HC) fuels: GF and DF.
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Khair, M. K. "Progress in Diesel Engine Emissions Control." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 3 (1992): 568–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906626.
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A considerable amount of work was carried out in the mid-1980s to develop heavy-duty diesel engines that could meet limits on particulate emissions. These limits, although high by today’s standards, were considered very restrictive. Some manufacturers struggled to achieve the 0.6 g/bhp-h particulate matter limit with enough margin for production variabilities and to account for the deterioration factor. Significant progress was achieved in diesel emissions control through engine and fuel system design changes. This eventually made it possible to meet a particulate level of 0.25 g/bhp-h for 1991. The next target level for particulate emissions is 0.1 g/bhp-h for the 1994 heavy-duty engine. To meet the challenge, engine developers are not only considering engine and injection system design changes but also fuel improvements and exhaust aftertreatment. This paper includes a review of past and current strategies used to control emissions in the modern diesel engine.
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Ma, Jun Yan, Da Wei Qu, and Jun Li. "SCR Experimental Study on Reducing NOx Emission of Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 714–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.714.
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NOx emission of diesel engine is an important pollutant to the environment, in the bench test of SCR technology for the diesel engine NOx reducing effect. Diesel engine NOx to ESC test cycle emission by 10.73,down to 3.24; ETC test cycle of the diesel engine NOx emission decreased from 9.533 to 2.98, the diesel engine emissions to meet Euro IV emission standards. Experimental results showed that SCR can effectively reduce NOx emission of diesel engine and the pollution of the environment.
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Koehler, Horst W., and Claus Windelev. "Low-Emission Medium-Speed Diesel Engines." Marine Technology and SNAME News 38, no. 04 (2001): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2001.38.4.261.
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In today's environmentally aware society the large-bore diesel engine is not alone in coming under scrutiny. Although only 0.25 to 0.35% among the total exhaust gases produced by this type of engine are toxious compounds, even such small amounts still need to be reduced further. MAN B&W Diesel, market leaders in the production of large-bore two-and four-stroke diesel engines covering the output bracket between 680 hp and almost 100 000 hp per engine (Fig. 1), have been facing up to this challenge for almost a decade. Taking state-of-the-art MAN B&W four-stroke engines as its example, this paper outlines the causes and effects of the major pollutants, including carbon dioxide, the "greenhouse gas," and describes some of the options available for reducing them [1]. The NOx emission control measures implemented in the current generation of MAN B&W diesel engines ensure that they comply with statutory emission limits. Since the time this paper was compiled (January 2000) much progress has been achieved in reducing pollutant emissions from diesel engines, in particular as regards smoke emissions from cruise vessels slow-steaming in strictly protected tourist areas. As an example the authors' company introduced an IS version (IS = invisible smoke) for their largest medium-speed diesel engines in September 2000, featuring invisible exhaust plumes in transient operation between idling and full load. Fig. 1MAN B&W slow-speed and medium-speed diesel engine program (status: 1999)
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Lee, T., and R. D. Reitz. "Response Surface Method Optimization of a High-Speed Direct-Injection Diesel Engine Equipped With a Common Rail Injection System." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 2 (2003): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1559900.
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To overcome the tradeoff between NOx and particulate emissions for future diesel vehicles and engines it is necessary to seek methods to lower pollutant emissions. The desired simultaneous improvement in fuel efficiency for future DI diesels is also a difficult challenge due to the combustion modifications that will be required to meet the exhaust emission mandates. This study demonstrates the emission reduction capability of EGR and other parameters on a high-speed direct-injection (HSDI) diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system using an RSM optimization method. Engine testing was done at 1757 rev/min, 45% load. The variables used in the optimization process included injection pressure, boost pressure, injection timing, and EGR rate. RSM optimization led engine operating parameters to reach a low-temperature and premixed combustion regime called the MK combustion region, and resulted in simultaneous reductions in NOx and particulate emissions without sacrificing fuel efficiency. It was shown that RSM optimization is an effective and powerful tool for realizing the full advantages of the combined effects of combustion control techniques by optimizing their parameters. It was also shown that through a close observation of optimization processes, a more thorough understanding of HSDI diesel combustion can be provided.
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Pandhare, Amar P., S. G. Wagholikar, R. B. Jadhav Sachin Musale, and A. S. Padalkar. "Preparation of Jatropha Biodiesel Using Hydrotalcite Catalyst and its Performance on Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1368.
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The heterogeneous catalyst are environment friendly and render the process simplified. A wide variety of solid bases have been examined for this process. The present work reports the use of hydrotalcite catalyst for the synthesis of Biodiesel from jatropha oil. An experimental investigation has been carried out to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with Jatropha oil and its blends (10%, 20%, 40%, 50%, and 60 % ) with mineral diesel. The effect of temperature on the viscosity of Jatropha oil has also been investigated. A series of engine tests, have been conducted using each of the above fuel blends for comparative performance evaluation. The performance parameters evaluated include thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), and exhaust gas temperature whereas exhaust emissions include mass emissions of CO, HC, NO. These parameters were evaluated in a single cylinder compression ignition diesel engine. The results of the experiment in each case were compared with baseline data of mineral diesel. Significant improvements have been observed in the performance parameters of the engine as well as exhaust emissions. The gaseous emissions of oxide of nitrogen from all blends are lower than mineral diesel at all engine loads. Jatropha oil blends with diesel (up to 50% v/v) can replace diesel for operating the CI engines giving lower emissions and improved engine performance. More over results indicated that B20 have closer performance to diesel and B100 have lower brake thermal efficiency mainly due to its high viscosity compared to diesel.
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Wu, An Kang, Xiang Dong Yang, Hua Zhou, and Ke Jiu Lu. "Study on the Effect of Fuel Sulfur Content on Emission Characteristics in Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.27.
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In a direct injection turbocharged diesel engine, four fuels with different sulfur content is used to study the effects of emission characteristics in diesel engine. Results show that the smoke emission have certain relations with sulfur content on fuel, the smoke emission decreases remarkably with the decreases of fuel sulfur content, and the sulfur content on fuel has a greater influence on the smoke emission at low load of the diese1 engine, the NOxemissions has no significant change when the engine fuelled with different sulfur content on fuel, while the CO and HC emissions will drop significantly.
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Wade, W. R., C. E. Hunter, F. H. Trinker, and H. A. Cikanek. "Reduction of NOx and Particulate Emissions in the Diesel Combustion Process." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 4 (1987): 426–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240058.
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A model of the combustion and emission formation processes was formulated to identify modifications to combustion process parameters with potential for reducing NOx and particulate emissions in a diesel engine. The model was calibrated using data from an experimental, single-cylinder, direct injection diesel engine. Several combustion system modifications were made to the engine that reduced NOx and particulate emissions. The model was used to estimate the changes in the combustion process parameters responsible for the reductions observed. After calibration, the model was used to evaluate the effects of a wide range of modifications to the combustion process parameters on NOx and particulate emissions. These results were used to estimate changes in the combustion process parameters required to approach the objectives assumed for the 1991 Federal emission regulations for heavy-duty diesel engines. A reduction in the lubricating oil contribution to the particulate emissions was also projected to be required to approach the 1991 objectives.
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Horrocks, R. W. "Light Duty Diesels—The Emissions Challenge." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 206, no. 4 (1992): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1992_206_185_02.
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Further restrictions of automotive diesel emissions are planned for European Economic Community countries at the end of 1992 and in North America for 1994. The effect of changes in emission legislation on engine development is reviewed. This paper also examines these standards and the technologies that are being applied to light duty automotive diesel engines. Combustion systems, fuel injection equipment, exhaust gas recirculation and oxidation catalysts are areas where development is reaping benefits in reducing diesel emissions.
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Ma, Zhi Yi, Chun Hua Zhang, Yang Yang Li, and Jian Tong Song. "Performances and Emissions of a DI Supercharged Diesel Engine Fuelled with Soybean Biodiesel and its Blends." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.545.
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Biodiesel is one kind of renewable fuel produced from biomass oil. To optimize the application of biodiesel on vehicle diesel engines, we conducted the tests on a four cylinder turbocharged direct injection (DI) diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel-diesel blends of different ratios, measured their power outputs, fuel consumption and emissions, and compared with those of diesel fuel. Experimental results show that fuelled with biodiesel, at external characteristics (speed characteristics of full load), the power performance is almost the same, brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) decreases, smoke and HC emissions decrease, and NOx and CO emissions increase; at load characteristics, BSEC decreases, smoke emission decreases at high loads and keeps almost no change at low and middle loads, NOx emission increases, HC emission decreases at low and middle loads and keeps the same at high loads, and CO emission maintains the same. B20 (biodiesel content of 20%) is an optimum solution for vehicle engines under comprehensive analysis of performances and emissions.
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Dong, Da Lu, Chang Pu Zhao, Xiao Zhan Li, Yun Yao Zhu, and Jun Zhang. "Simulation Study of the Impact of Two-Stage Turbocharged System on Diesel Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 3555–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.3555.
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With the increasing strictness of emission regulations, development direction of future diesel engines is toward the high thermal efficiency and low emissions. Supercharging technology is an important means for improving output power of diesel engines. This paper deals with the study of the two-stage turbocharging system of the non-road diesel engine. Based on GT-Power software code, a digital model of 6112 diesel engine was established. The supercharged model was calibrated by using the original experimental data. Then, four types of digital models with different two-stage turbocharging systems were constructed. The best two-stage turbocharging system was determined through investigating the impacts of different options on the performance of diesel engines. It was indicated through the study that two-stage turbocharging system can substantially increase the air flowing into the cylinder which increases the potential of power density. At the same time HC and NOx emissions can reduce. Through this study, a theoretical basis and an important reference for adopting the two-stage turbocharging system of the 6112 diesel engine were provided.
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Jurnal, Redaksi Tim. "UJI PRESTASI DAN EMISI DIESEL BERBAHAN BAKAR MINYAK NABATI MURNI UNTUK PEMBANGKITAN DAYA DI DAERAH TERPENCIL." Power Plant 5, no. 1 (2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.33322/powerplant.v5i1.115.
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Pure Plant Oil (PPO) such as Pure Coconut Oil (PCO) and Pure Palm Oil (PPaO) could be a solution for electricity problem in remote areas in Indonesia. PCO and PPaO can be used as a fuel for diesel engine to produce electricity. This paper will compare and analyze the performance and emissions of the diesel power plant fueled with diesel fuel, PCO, and PPaO. For performance parameter, brake specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency of diesel engine by using PPaO and PCO are higher than the diesel fuel, but the brake specific energy consumption are lower than the diesel fuel. That means diesel engine will be more efficient and have lower operational cost by using PPaO and PCO. For the emission parameters, CO2, CO, and CH emissions from PPaO and PCO are higher compared to diesel fuel. That means PPO have higher carbon emission than just using conventional diesel fuel. But, there are highly significant difference of less NOX emissions by using PCO and PPaO compared to the diesel fuel. That means it will be better using PPO because diesel engine has lack of high NOX emissions. These differences of diesel engine performance and emissions by PPaO, PCO, and diesel fuel are caused by the fuel characteristic differences such as cetane number, calorific value, and viscosity.
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Xiao, You Hong, and Pei Lin Zhou. "Investigation of Emission Characteristic of a Diesel Engine by Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.752.
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This paper presented results of a study on emission characteristics of diesel engines. A numerical simulation model for a diesel engine was established by GT-POWER. Emission species studied include of NO, CO and HC. The developed model was validated by engine tests under laboratory condition. Based on the model, the simulation changing the variable parameters including injection timing, intake air temperature and EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) ratio were carried out to study their effect on emissions. The simulation results showed that with the decrease of CA BTDC, intake air temperature, compression ratio and EGR ratio respectively, the NO emission decreased. However, the CO and HC emissions increased.
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Jamrozik, Arkadiusz, Wojciech Tutak, and Karol Grab-Rogaliński. "An Experimental Study on the Performance and Emission of the diesel/CNG Dual-Fuel Combustion Mode in a Stationary CI Engine." Energies 12, no. 20 (2019): 3857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203857.
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One of the possibilities to reduce diesel fuel consumption and at the same time reduce the emission of diesel engines, is the use of alternative gaseous fuels, so far most commonly used to power spark ignition engines. The presented work concerns experimental research of a dual-fuel compression-ignition (CI) engine in which diesel fuel was co-combusted with CNG (compressed natural gas). The energy share of CNG gas was varied from 0% to 95%. The study showed that increasing the share of CNG co-combusted with diesel in the CI engine increases the ignition delay of the combustible mixture and shortens the overall duration of combustion. For CNG gas shares from 0% to 45%, due to the intensification of the combustion process, it causes an increase in the maximum pressure in the cylinder, an increase in the rate of heat release and an increase in pressure rise rate. The most stable operation, similar to a conventional engine, was characterized by a diesel co-combustion engine with 30% and 45% shares of CNG gas. Increasing the CNG share from 0% to 90% increases the nitric oxide emissions of a dual-fuel engine. Compared to diesel fuel supply, co-combustion of this fuel with 30% and 45% CNG energy shares contributes to the reduction of hydrocarbon (HC) emissions, which increases after exceeding these values. Increasing the share of CNG gas co-combusted with diesel fuel, compared to the combustion of diesel fuel, reduces carbon dioxide emissions, and almost completely reduces carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas of a dual-fuel engine.
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Dobre, Alexandru, Constantin Pană, Nikolaos Cristian Nuțu, Niculae Negurescu, and Alexandru Cernat. "The Influence of Butanol Use on the Diesel Engine’s Performance." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.183.
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Alcohols begin to show a real interest for their use as fuel at compression ignition engines due to require reducing the pollutants emissions, especially NOx emission. Among the primary alcohols, butyl alcohol (butanol) is considered to be of great perspective in its use as fuel in diesel engines due to its properties close to those of diesel fuel. It is miscible with the diesel fuel and the achieved blend is stable. In paper are presented some aspects regarding the diesel engine’s fuelling with butanol and diesel fuel blends using the experimental research and numerical modelling. The use of the butanol as a fuel for diesel engine has led to the reducing NOx emissions with about 25% and the Brake Specific Energetic Consumption (BSEC) with about 5% at the full load and the maximum torque engine speed.
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Hassan, Zain Ul, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Asim, et al. "Use of diesel and emulsified diesel in CI engine: A comparative analysis of engine characteristics." Science Progress 104, no. 2 (2021): 003685042110209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211020930.
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Despite a number of efforts to evaluate the utility of water-diesel emulsions (WED) in CI engine to improve its performance and reduce its emissions in search of alternative fuels to combat the higher prices and depleting resources of fossil fuels, no consistent results are available. Additionally, the noise emissions in the case of WED are not thoroughly discussed which motivated this research to analyze the performance and emission characteristics of WED. Brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were calculated at 1600 rpm within 15%–75% of the load range. Similarly, the contents of NOx, CO, and HC, and level of noise and smoke were measured varying the percentage of water from 2% to 10% gradually for all values of loads. BTE in the case of water emulsified diesel was decreased gradually as the percentage of water increased accompanied by a gradual increase in BSFC. Thus, WED10 showed a maximum 13.08% lower value of BTE while BSFC was increased by 32.28%. However, NOx emissions (21.8%) and smoke (48%) were also reduced significantly in the case of WED10 along with an increase in the emissions of HC and CO and noise. The comparative analysis showed that the emulsified diesel can significantly reduce the emission of NOx and smoke, but it has a negative impact on the performance characteristics and HC, CO, and noise emissions which can be mitigated by trying more fuels variations such as biodiesel and using different water injection methods to decrease dependency on fossil fuels and improve the environmental impacts of CI engines.
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Loo, Dong Lin, Yew Heng Teoh, Heoy Geok How, et al. "Applications Characteristics of Different Biodiesel Blends in Modern Vehicles Engines: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (2021): 9677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179677.
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Two main aspects of the transportation industry are pollution to the environment and depletion of fossil fuels. In the transportation industry, the pollution to the environment can be reduced with the use of cleaner fuel, such as gas-to-liquid fuel, to reduce the exhaust emissions from engines. However, the depletion of fossil fuels is still significant. Biodiesel is a non-toxic, renewable, and biodegradable fuel that is considered an alternative resource to conventional diesel fuel. Even though biodiesel shows advantages as a renewable source, there are still minor drawbacks while operating in diesel engines. Modern vehicle engines are designed to be powered by conventional diesel fuel or gasoline fuel. In this review, the performance, emissions, combustion, and endurance characteristics of different types of diesel engines with various conditions are assessed with biodiesel and blended fuel as well as the effect of biodiesel on the diesel engines. The results show that biodiesel and blended fuel had fewer emissions of CO, HC, and PM but higher NOx emissions than the diesel-fuelled engine. In the endurance test, biodiesel and blended fuel showed less wear and carbon deposits. A high concentration of wear debris was found inside the lubricating oil while the engine operated with biodiesel and blends. The performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of biodiesel and its blends showed that it can be used in a diesel engine. However, further research on long-term endurance tests is required to obtain a better understanding of endurance characteristics about engine wear of the diesel engine using biodiesel and its blends.
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Redel-Macías, María D., David E. Leiva-Candia, José A. Soriano, José M. Herreros, Antonio J. Cubero-Atienza, and Sara Pinzi. "Influence of Short Carbon-Chain Alcohol (Ethanol and 1-Propanol)/Diesel Fuel Blends over Diesel Engine Emissions." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051309.
Full textAbstract:
Oxygenated fuels, in this case short carbon-chain alcohols, have been investigated as alternative fuels to power compression ignition engines. A major advantage of short-chain alcohols is that they can be produced from renewable resources, i.e., cultivated commodities or biomass-based biorefineries. However, before entering the market, the effects of short-chain alcohols on engine performance, exhaust emissions, noise and sound quality need to be understood. This work sheds light on the relationship between the physicochemical properties of the alcohol/diesel fuel blends (ethanol and 1-propanol) on engine performance, exhaust emissions and, for the first time, on noise and sound quality. It has been demonstrated that when the content of alcohol in blends increased, soot and soluble organic material emissions drastically decreased, mainly due to the increase of oxygen content in the fuel. Reduction in soot emissions combined with higher thermodynamic efficiency of alcohol fuels, with respect to diesel fuel, enable their utilization on compression ignition engines. There is also an improvement in the soot-NOx trade off, leading to large reductions on soot with a small effect on NOx emissions. The oxygen content within the fuel reduces CO and THC emissions at extra-urban driving operation conditions. However, hydrocarbons and CO emissions increased at urban driving conditions, due to the high heat of vaporization of the alcohol fuels which reduces cylinder temperature worsening fuel atomization, vaporization and mixing with air being more significant at lower cylinder temperature conditions (low engine loads and speeds). Similarly, the higher the presence of alcohol in the blend, the higher the noise emitted by the engine due to their low tendency to auto-ignition. The optimization of alcohol quantity and the calibration of engine control parameters (e.g., injection settings) which is out of the scope of this work, will be required to overcome noise emission penalty. Furthermore, under similar alcohol content in the blend (10% v/v), the use of propanol is preferred over ethanol, as it exhibits lower exhaust emissions and better sound quality than ethanol.
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Musa, Nicholas A., Georgina M. Teran, and Saraki A. Yaman. "Emission characterization of diesel engine run on coconut oil biodiesel its blends and diesel." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (2016): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.10.
Full textAbstract:
The use of biodiesel in running diesel has been called for, with a view to mitigating the environmental pollution, depletion, cost and scarcity associated with the use diesel in running diesel engine. So the need to characterize the emissions from these biodiesel, cannot be overemphasized, hence this paper presents the evaluation of the emissions of particulate matter (PM), carbon monoxide(CO), hydrocarbon(HC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) from diesel engine run on coconut oil biodiesel, its blends and diesel for comparison. The result of the evaluation showed that NOX emission increased with increase in percentage of the biodiesel in the blend, while PM, CO, HC decreased with increase in the percentage biodiesel in the blend. In comparison with diesel, diesel has the least emission of NOX and the highest emission of PM, CO and HC.Keywords: Diesel engine, diesel, coconut oil biodiesel, blends, emissions