Relevant bibliographies by topics / Diesel motor exhaust gas Dilution

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Diesel motor exhaust gas Dilution'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Diesel motor exhaust gas Dilution"

1

Roy, Murari Mohon. "Charcoal-Adsorption, Water-Washing, and Air-Dilution Systems to Reduce Diesel Emissions With Special Emphasis on Odor Reduction." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 129, no. 4 (February 28, 2007): 338–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2794769.

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Direct injection (DI) diesel engines emit a far more disagreeable exhaust odor than gasoline engines, especially at low temperatures and at idling. There is no proper system of odor reduction in these conditions in DI diesel engines. This study investigated a charcoal-adsorption system to reduce exhaust emissions including odor in a DI diesel engine at idling under no load operations, where exhaust temperatures are low. Low temperature exhaust gas is passed through a charcoal adsorber. Charcoal has the property of adsorbing odorous gas components. Here odor is reduced more than 0.5 points, a significant odor reduction depending on the engine and adsorber conditions. Exhaust noise, nitrogen oxides (NOx), and eye irritation are also significantly reduced with the system. This study further investigated water-washing system for odor reduction in DI diesel engines at low exhaust temperature conditions. Exhaust gas is passed through the water in the water tank of the system. Aldehydes, organic acids, and other oxygenated components, which are the main odorous components in exhaust gases, are dissolved in water reducing exhaust odor significantly. Eye irritation of exhaust gases is also significantly reduced. The water-washing system not only reduces the odor and eye irritation but also carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), NOx, and smoke are reduced more than 20–30%. The sound level of exhaust gases is also reduced 10–15dB with this system. Air dilution is also attempted in this study for odor reduction where a large amount of fresh air is mixed with exhaust gases. Here dilution ratio of 5 is used. Air dilution alone can reduce odor about 0.5 points. However, odor about 1.5–1.6 points (about 60–65%) can be reduced when air dilution is used in combination with charcoal-adsorber and water-washing system, and odor level is lowered below level 2, which is acceptable for all human beings.
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2

Chan, S. H., J. H. Sun, and S. C. Low. "A compact particulate dilution tunnel for the characterization of diesel exhaust." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 212, no. 4 (April 1, 1998): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407981525975.

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This paper presents the design of a compact particulate dilution tunnel used for characterizing diesel exhaust. Details of particulate mass concentration calculations based on various methods and the estimations of tunnel flow temperature and relative humidity due to psychrometric mixing between the extracted exhaust gas and diluting air are also elaborated.
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3

Wibowo, Elham Prasetyo, Elvira Zondra, and Usaha Situmeang. "Studi Penggunaan Variable Speed Drive Untuk Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor Exhaust Fan Pada Dyno Test Room PT. Trakindo Utama Pekanbaru." JURNAL TEKNIK 12, no. 2 (November 20, 2018): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/teknik.v12i2.1755.

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ABSTRAK Exhaust fan adalah peralatan berupa sudu-sudu yang berputar dan memanfaatkan gaya sentrifugal untuk membuang exhaust gas hasil pembakaran bahan bakar solar engine diesel pada saat dilakukan tes pembebanan penuh. Dengan exhaust fan, gas karbondioksida yang dihasilkan oleh engine diesel memungkinkan untuk dibuang dengan cepat sehingga tidak memenuhi ruangan dan membahayakan bagi setiap karyawan. Pengoperasian exhaust fan dilakukan sesuai jadwal pengetesan engine. Exhaust fan tersebut digerakkan oleh motor induksi 3 phasa 30 kW dengan putaran nominal secara konstan. Pada saat pengetesan engine dengan nilai aliran gas buang yang rendah, exhaust fan tetap dioperasikan dengan kecepatan nominal. Operasional motor exhaust fan dengan kecepatan konstan seperti ini akan mengakibatkan konsumsi daya listrik yang relatif tinggi dari pada motor dengan kecepatan berubah-ubah sesuai kebutuhan. Sebagai pertimbangan hasil perhitungan untuk engine C 18 Caterpillar kapasitas 831 hp yang sebelumya membutuhkan operasional exhaust fan dengan daya 24,7927 kW nilai sama untuk semua model engine, setelah penggunaan VSD dapat dikurangi sebesar 14,35 % menjadi 21,2343 kW saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan probabilitas hubungan antara konsumsi energi listrik, frekuensi pada variable speed drive, putaran motor induksi dan nilai aliran udara pada cerobong exhaust fan. Nilai aliran udara exhaust fan tersebut akan disesuaikan dengan nilai aliran gas pembakaran yang dihasilkan oleh engine. Analisa optimasi motor exhaust fan ini sedianya akan menggunakan Matematic Analysis dan simulasi menggunakan simulink matlab sehingga diharapkan ada solusi untuk melakukan penghematan terhadap konsumsi daya motor, kemudian bisa diterapkan dalam semua pengoperasian motor yang ada di perusahaan. Kata kunci : variable speed drive, motor induksi, exhaust fan ABSTRACT The exhaust fan is a rotary blade device which produces centrifugal force to remove exhaust gas from diesel fuel combustion during a full load test. With exhaust fans, the carbondioxide gases that generated by the diesel engine allows to be disposed quickly so that it does not fill the room and harm to every employee. The operation of exhaust fan is carried out according to the engine test schedule. The exhaust fan is driven by a 3 phase induction motor of 30 kW with constant rotation. When testing the engine with a low Exhaust Gas flow value, the exhaust fan remains operated at rated speed. Operational exhaust fan with a constant speed like this will result in relatively high power consumption of the motor with the speed of change as needed. Considering the calculation results for C 18 engine Caterpillar capacity of 831 hp which previously required operational exhaust fan with 24,7927 kW of equal value for all engine models, after the use of VSD can be reduced by 14.35% to 21.2343 kW only. This study aims to obtain the probability of relationship between electrical energy consumption, frequency on the variable speed drive, induction motor rotation and the value of air flow in the exhaust fan chimney. The value of the exhaust fan air flow will be adjusted to the combustion gas flow value generated by the engine. The optimization analysis of this motor exhaust fan will be using Matematic Analysis and simulation using matlab simulink so it is expected there is a solution to make savings to motor power consumption, then it can be applied in all the motor operation in the company. Keywords: variable speed drive, induction motor, exhaust fan
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André, Mathieu, Bruno Walter, Gilles Bruneaux, Fabrice Foucher, and Christine Mounaïm–Rousselle. "Exhaust gas recirculation stratification to control diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion." International Journal of Engine Research 13, no. 5 (March 27, 2012): 429–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087412438338.

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A single-cylinder diesel engine was used to investigate the potential of exhaust gas recirculation dilution stratification as a control technique for homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion with early direct injections. Experimental studies on both all-metal and optically accessible engines were performed to understand the processes involved when exhaust gas recirculation is introduced separately in the intake ports. Laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics were carried out in the optical engine in order to provide fuel and exhaust gas recirculation distributions. The results indicate that depending on the intake configuration, the exhaust gas recirculation stratification can be maintained until late timings corresponding to the combustion event, leading to decreased maxima of heat-release rates, as well as decreased combustion noise levels. This result suggests that exhaust gas recirculation stratification may be used as a control parameter for combustion speed and therefore may contribute to the extension of the homogeneous charge compression ignition operating range. However, although exhaust gas recirculation stratification appears to be an interesting new control technique for homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion, its effect on the combustion was shown to be very sensitive to parameters such as the intake system configuration or the exhaust gas recirculation composition, showing that industrial use of this control technique requires further understanding of the physical phenomena involved.
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Sun, Qi Xin, and Limin Chen. "Research on Transmitting Efficiency of Supercharged Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64 (June 2011): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.237.

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In recent years, the internal combustion engine has been widely used through technological advances to improve its environmental performance. Mechanical and electrical integration of the engine turbocharging system is based on conventional turbocharging system to increase motor in parallel with the turbocharger and the corresponding reversible energy storage components, so that achieve by adjusting the energy input or output direction and the size of the motor to adjust the exhaust turbocharger operating point and the gas supply function. According to matching requirements of light vehicle diesel engine, the analysis model of exhaust gas energy is obtained through qualitative analysis of exhaust gas energy in turbocharged diesel engine.
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Ladommatos, N., S. M. Adelhalim, H. Zhao, and Z. Hu. "The effects of carbon dioxide in exhaust gas recirculation on diesel engine emissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 212, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407981525777.

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The investigation was conducted on a high-speed direct injection diesel engine and was concerned with the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on diesel engine combustion and emissions. In particular, the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2), a principal constituent of EGR, on combustion and emissions were analysed and quantified experimentally. The use of CO2 to displace oxygen (O2) in the inlet air resulted in: reduction in the O2 supplied to the engine (dilution effect), increased inlet charge thermal capacity (thermal effect), and, potentially, participation of the CO2 in the combustion process (chemical effect). In a separate series of tests the temperature of the engine inlet charge was raised gradually in order to simulate the effect of mixing hot EGR with engine inlet air. Finally, tests were carried out during which the CO2 added to the engine air flow increased the charge mass flowrate to the engine, rather than displacing some of the O2 in the inlet air. It was found that when CO2 displaced O2 in the inlet charge, both the chemical and thermal effects on exhaust emissions were small. However, the dilution effect was substantial, and resulted in very large reductions in exhaust oxides of nitrogen (NO x) at the expense of higher particulate and unburned hydrocarbon (uHC) emissions. Higher inlet charge temperature increased exhaust NO x and particulate emissions, but reduced uHC emissions. Finally, when CO2 was additional to the inlet air charge (rather than displacing O2), large reductions in NOx were recorded with little increase in particulate emissions.
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Lutic, Doina, Joakim Pagels, Robert Bjorklund, Peter Josza, Jacobus H. Visser, Ann W. Grant, Mats L. Johansson, et al. "Detection of Soot Using a Resistivity Sensor Device Employing Thermophoretic Particle Deposition." Journal of Sensors 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/421072.

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Results are reported for thermophoretic deposition of soot particles on resistivity sensors as a monitoring technique for diesel exhaust particles with the potential of improved detection limit and sensitivity. Soot with similar characteristics as from diesel exhausts was generated by a propane flame and diluted in stages. The soot in a gas flow at 240–270C∘was collected on an interdigitated electrode structure held at a considerably lower temperature, 105–125C∘. The time delay for reaching measurable resistance values, the subsequent rate, and magnitude of resistance decrease were a function of the distance between the fingers in the electrodes and the degree of dilution of the soot containing flow. Soot deposition and subsequent removal by heating the sensor support was also performed in a real diesel exhaust. Good similarities between the behavior in our laboratory system and the real diesel exhaust were noticed.
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8

Gis, Wojciech, and Sławomir Taubert. "The Issues of the Air-Fuel Ratio in Exhaust Emissions Tests Carried out on a Chassis Dynamometer." Energies 14, no. 9 (April 21, 2021): 2360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092360.

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Vehicle exhaust emission tests use exhaust sampling systems that dilute the exhaust gas with ambient air. The dilution factor DF is calculated assuming that the combustion is complete, and that the engine is operated at a stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (AFR). These assumptions are not always met. This is especially true for diesel engines. This article discusses the tests to find out what the average lambda (λ) over the ARTEMIS, WLTC and NEDC driving cycles is and how this affects the result of the emission measurements. Measurements were carried out on a chassis dynamometer equipped with a standard emission measurement system used during the homologation. The λ was calculated using the Brettschneider equation. The dilution ratio DR was also determined by measuring the CO2 concentration in the raw exhaust gas. The CO2-tracer method used for this was modified. The median of the λ for a CI vehicle was 1.23–3.31, which makes the relative percentage difference between the DF and DR (ΔDF) in the range of 28–167%. For a SI vehicle homologated under the WLTP procedure, the median of the λ for the WLTC and ARTEMIS cycles was close to one and ΔDF for most cycles does not exceed 10%. In order to reduce the influence of the error of DF determination on the result of the emission measurement, it is recommended to use exhaust gas sampling systems that allow to determine the actual dilution ratio or to use the lowest possible dilution. The PAS-CVS system seems to be the most promising.
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9

Yilmaz, Hakan, and Anna Stefanopoulou. "Control of Charge Dilution in Turbocharged Diesel Engines via Exhaust Valve Timing." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 127, no. 3 (August 24, 2004): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1985440.

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In this paper we extend an existing crank angle resolved dynamic nonlinear model of a six-cylinder 12 l turbocharged (TC) Diesel engine with exhaust valve closing (EVC) variability. Early EVC achieves a high level of internal exhaust gas recirculation (iEGR) or charge dilution in Diesel engines, and thus reduces generated oxides of nitrogen (NOx). This model is validated in steady-state conventional (fixed EVC) engine operating points. It is expected to capture the transient interactions between EVC actuation, the turbocharger dynamics, and the cylinder-to-cylinder breathing characteristics, although this has not been explicitly validated due to lack of hardware implementation. A nominal low order linear multi-input multi-output model is then identified using cycle-sampled or cycle-averaged data from the higher order nonlinear simulation model. Various low-order controllers that vary EVC to maximize the steady-state iEGR under air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) constraints during transient fueling demands are suggested based on different sensor sets. The difficulty in the control tuning arises from the fact that the EVC affects both the AFR and engine torque requiring coordination of fueling and EVC. Simulation results are shown on the full order model.
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Zhao, H., J. Hu, and N. Ladommatos. "In-cylinder studies of the effects of CO2 in exhaust gas recirculation on diesel combustion and emissions." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 214, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 405–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954407001527727.

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This paper reports the results of the effects of CO2 in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on diesel combustion and emissions. The experiments were carried out on a specially designed single-cylinder diesel engine. In-cylinder measurements were obtained from the optically accessible swirl chamber using high-speed shadowgraphy, the two-colour method and laser extinction. Furthermore, in-cylinder pressure measurements from the combustion chambers were used to derive the heat release rates during combustion. Two experiments were carried out on the effects of CO2 on diesel combustion and pollutant formation. In the first series of experiments, CO2 was used to replace some of the oxygen in the intake mixture, which simulated the dilution effect of conventional EGR. This so-called replacement EGR method was characterized by the typical NOx and smoke trade-off, where NOx reduction was accomplished at the expense of exhaust smoke. In the second series of tests, CO2 was added to the intake charge so that the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber was not affected. In this additional EGR method, CO2 was found to suppress both NOx and smoke emissions. The mechanisms of these two different EGR modes on diesel combustion and emissions were examined using the above in-cylinder measurement techniques and exhaust emission analysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diesel motor exhaust gas Dilution"

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Cirillo, Emily D. "Development of a micro-dilution tunnel system for in-use, on-board heavy duty vehicle particulate matter emissions measurement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2085.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
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Venkatasubramaniam, Karthikeyan C. "Effect of dilution method on diesel exhaust particulate matter concentrations and size distributions." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4985.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 54 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 49-51).
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Nandivada, Rakesh. "Experimental methodology for measurement of diesel exhaust particulates." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5484.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 69 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-64).
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Laeeq, Muhammad Nadeem. "Performance evaluation of dryer units used in diesel emission measurement systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4208.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 82 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-82).
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Tiwari, Aseem. "Design, development and qualification of Compact Mobile Emissions Measurement System (CMEMS) for real-time on-board emissions measurement." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4944.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 125 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-125).
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Madireddy, Madhava Rao. "Methods for reconstruction of transient emissions from heavy-duty vehicles." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5826.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 117 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-117).
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Meyer, Eric Todd. "Evaluation of exhaust flowrate measurement techniques for a mobile emissions monitoring system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1855.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 89 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 67-68).
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Fuller, Andrew D. "A flow rate measurement system for a mobile emissions measurement system." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1903.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 111 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-91).
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9

Riddle, Wesley C. "Design and evaluation of the emissions measurement components for a heavy-duty diesel powered vehicle mobile emissions measurement system (MEMS)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1939.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 167 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-130).
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Knight, Jared Gregory. "Measurement of total hydrocarbon emissions with MEMS using a portable FID and a novel exhaust flow meter." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2725.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 155 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-123).
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Books on the topic "Diesel motor exhaust gas Dilution"

1

Dunn, R. Rogge. Diesel fuel quality and locomotive emissions in Canada. [Montreal: Transportation Development Centre], 2001.

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2

Brechtel, C. E. Development of a dry exhaust conditioner for diesel engines. Grand Junction, Co: J.F.T. Agapito & Associates, Inc., 1988.

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Jidōsha Buhin Kōgyō Kabushiki Kaisha. Heisei 21-nendo tokutei tokushu jidōsha ni kakaru shiyō nenryō no haishutsu gasu eikyō shiken kentō gyōmu hōkokusho. [Ebina-shi]: Jidōsha Buhin Kōgyō, 2010.

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Kyōkai, Nihon Kensetsu Kikaika. Heisei 20-nendo tokutei tokushu jidōsha ni kakaru shiyō nenryō no haishutsu gasu eikyō chōsa kentō gyōmu hōkokusho. Tokutei tokushu jidōsha ni kakaru shiyō nenryō no haishutsu gasu eikyō chōsa kentō gyōmu hōkokusho: Nihon Kensetsu Kikaika Kyōkai, 2009.

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Montalvo, Daniel A. Characterization of emissions from advanced automotive power plant concepts. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Montalvo, Daniel A. Characterization of emissions from advanced automotive power plant concepts. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Atmospheric Sciences Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Colorado. Governor's Blue Ribbon Diesel Task Force. Final report and recommendations of the Governor's Blue Ribbon Diesel Task Force, appointed by Roy Romer, governor, state of Colorado. [Denver, Colo.] (4210 E. 11th Ave., Denver 80220): [Air Pollution Control Division, Colorado Dept. of Health, 1988.

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Clean Air Strategic Alliance. Diesel Particulate Filter Sub-group of the Vehicle Emissions Project Team. Diesel particulate filter pilot project final report. Edmonton: Clean Air Strategic Alliance, 2004.

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Zeller, H. William. Effects of barium-based additive on diesel exhaust particulate. Pittsburgh, Pa: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1987.

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Academy), Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Workshop (1998 Maine Maritime. Proceedings of the 1998 Diesel Engine Emissions Reduction Workshop : Maine Maritime Academy, Castine, Maine, July 6-9, 1998. Washington D.C: The Office, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Diesel motor exhaust gas Dilution"

1

Devyanin, Sergey Nikolaevich, Vladimir Anatolyevich Markov, and Andrei Alexandrovich Savastenko. "Obtaining and Using Biogas in Agricultural Production." In Handbook of Research on Smart Computing for Renewable Energy and Agro-Engineering, 196–221. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1216-6.ch008.

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In recent years, an increased interest has been shown in fuels derived from renewable energy resources of animal and vegetable origin, raw materials of which are practically unlimited. The use of biofuels makes it possible not only to replace petroleum motor fuels with alternative ones, but also to improve exhaust gas toxicity indicators (as a rule, there is a marked decrease in emissions of toxic exhaust gas components). This work is devoted to the study of the possibilities of solving these problems in order to adapt diesel to biogas, a theoretical study of ways to create an experimental model of a power plant for generating electricity from biogas, a theoretical study on the processes occurring in the main components of the plant being developed and the creation of this plant.
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Conference papers on the topic "Diesel motor exhaust gas Dilution"

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Yoon, Sungjun, Hongsuk Kim, Daesik Kim, and Sungwook Park. "Effect of Fuel Injection Strategy on DPF Regeneration in Single Cylinder Diesel Engine." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1140.

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Stringent emission regulations (e.g., Euro-6) force automotive manufacturers to equip DPF (diesel particulate filter) on diesel cars. Generally, post injection is used as a method to regenerate DPF. However, it is known that post injection deteriorates specific fuel consumption and causes oil dilution for some operating conditions. Thus, an injection strategy for regeneration becomes one of key technologies for diesel powertrain equipped with a DPF. This paper presents correlations between fuel injection strategy and exhaust gas temperature for DPF regeneration. Experimental apparatus consists of a single cylinder diesel engine, a DC dynamometer, an emission test bench, and an engine control system. In the present study, post injection timing covers from 40 deg aTDC to 110 deg aTDC and double post injection was considered. In addition, effects of injection pressures were investigated. The engine load was varied from low-load to mid-load and fuel amount of post injection was increased up to 10mg/stk. Oil dilution during fuel injection and combustion processes were estimated by diesel loss measured by comparing two global equivalences ratios; one is measured from Lambda sensor installed at exhaust port, the other one is estimated from intake air mass and injected fuel mass. In the present study, the differences in global equivalence ratios were mainly caused from oil dilution during post injection. The experimental results of the present study suggest an optimal engine operating conditions including fuel injection strategy to get appropriate exhaust gas temperature for DPF regeneration. Experimental results of exhaust gas temperature distributions for various engine operating conditions were summarized. In addition, it was revealed that amounts of oil dilution were reduced by splitting post injection (i.e., double post injection). Effects of injection pressure on exhaust gas temperature were dependent on combustion phasing and injection strategies.
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2

Ladommatos, N., S. M. Abdelhalim, Hua Zhao, and Z. Hu. "The Dilution, Chemical, and Thermal Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Diesel Engine Emissions - Part 3: Effects of Water Vapour." In International Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/971659.

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Ladommatos, N., S. M. Abdelhalim, Hua Zhao, and Z. Hu. "The Dilution, Chemical, and Thermal Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Diesel Engine Emissions - Part 2: Effects of Carbon Dioxide." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961167.

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Salt, Tom, Dale R. Tree, and Chiwon Kim. "Oxygen Enhanced Exhaust Gas Recirculation for Compression Ignition Engines." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12916.

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The benefits of oxygen enhancement in conjunction with EGR on emissions were investigated in a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Cylinder pressure, NOx, and particulate were measured for EGR sweeps with and without oxygen enhancement. In all cases, the total flow of oxygen to the cylinder was maintained constant. This was achieved by increasing cylinder pressure for typical EGR (N-EGR) and by adding oxygen to the intake stream for oxygen-enhanced EGR (O-EGR). The results show that O-EGR produced a substantially better combination of NOx and particulate than N-EGR. In the N-EGR cases, the EGR dilutes the oxidizer causing lower NOx and higher particulate. In O-EGR, flame temperature reduction leading to lower NOx is achieved by a combination of higher molar specific heats of CO2 and H2O and dilution. Particulate emissions decreased or remain constant with increasing O-EGR. In addition to the obvious challenge of providing a source oxygen to an engine, two operational challenges were encountered. First, as EGR was increased, the ratio of specific heats (Cp/Cv) of the cylinder intake charge decreased and decreased the compression temperature, causing significant changes in ignition delay. These changes were compensated for in the experiments by increasing intake temperature but would be challenging to manage in transient engine operation. Second, the increased water concentration in the exhaust created difficulties in the exhaust system and was suspected to have produced a water emulsion in the oil.
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Ladommatos, N., S. M. Abdelhalim, Hua Zhao, and Z. Hu. "The Dilution, Chemical, and Thermal Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Diesel Engine Emissions - Part 1: Effect of Reducing Inlet Charge Oxygen." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961165.

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Dumitrescu, Cosmin E., W. Stuart Neill, Hongsheng Guo, and Wallace L. Chippior. "Dilution Effects on Partially-Premixed Combustion of an Ultra-Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel Under Low-Load Operation." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81236.

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Dilution of partially-premixed combustion (PPC) using different combinations of excess air (λ>1) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was investigated in a single-cylinder, heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with common-rail fuel injection. The experiments were limited to a single fuel injection event using ultra-low sulphur diesel fuel at a low engine load (∼3 bar BMEP) and engine speeds of 900 and 1350 rpm. The start of injection was varied to optimize the combustion performance and emissions. The experimental results show that increasing air dilution at constant EGR reduced BSFC slightly. CO and HC emissions decreased significantly due to the increased oxygen concentration, but NOx and soot emissions increased. For a given level of charge dilution, there was an optimal EGR rate to minimize BSFC. NOx emissions decreased significantly as the proportion of dilution by EGR was increased, but CO and HC emissions increased due to the reduced in-cylinder temperature and oxygen concentration, which increased the combustion duration.
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Simoson, Christopher J., and John R. Wagner. "Advanced Automotive Engine Thermal Management: Simplified Diesel Engine Model and Experimental Validation." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79893.

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Diesel engines fulfill diverse demands in urban and rural areas throughout the world. While the advantages of compression ignition engines are superior to other internal combustion engines in torque generation and fuel efficiency, some diesel exhaust emissions pose health and environmental problems. Emission reduction techniques generally diminish one type of tailpipe gas yet often sacrifice engine performance and may even raise other emission levels. For instance, exhaust gas recirculation can reduce NOx emissions. However, the dilution of the combustion charge with hot inert exhaust gas hinders the engine’s power characteristics. To solve this problem, an EGR cooler allows the exhaust gases to be cooled prior to mixing with intake air allowing a denser cylinder charge for combustion. The effective application of cooled EGR requires a smart thermal management system. In this paper, a real time empirical and analytical model will be introduced to estimate the diesel engine’s overall performance. The simplified model considers the engine’s combustion chemistry, as well as the thermal, emissions, and rotational dynamics. Representative numerical and experimental test results are presented and discussed to validate the model. Eventually, an on-board computer controller will use this model to regulate the EGR valve’s functionality and the smart thermal system.
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Bayliff, Scott, Bret Windom, Anthony Marchese, Greg Hampson, Jeffrey Carlson, Domenico Chiera, and Daniel Olsen. "Controlled End Gas Auto Ignition With Exhaust Gas Recirculation on a Stoichiometric, Spark Ignited, Natural Gas Engine." In ASME 2020 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2020-2979.

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Abstract The goal of this study is to address fundamental limitations to achieving diesel-like efficiencies in heavy duty on-highway natural gas (NG) engines. Engine knock and misfire are barriers to pathways leading to higher efficiency engines. This study explores enabling technologies for development of high efficiency stoichiometric, spark ignited, natural gas engines. These include design strategies for fast and stable combustion and higher dilution tolerance. Additionally, advanced control methodologies are implemented to maintain stable operation between knock and misfire limits. To implement controlled end-gas autoignition (C-EGAI) strategies a Combustion Intensity Metric (CIM) is used for ignition control with the use of a Woodward large engine control module (LECM). Tests were conducted using a single cylinder, variable compression ratio, cooperative fuel research (CFR) engine with baseline conditions of 900 RPM, engine load of 800 kPa indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP), and stoichiometric air/fuel ratio. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) tests were performed using a custom EGR system that simulates a high pressure EGR loop and can provide a range of EGR rates from 0 to 40%. The experimental measurements included the variance of EGR rate, compression ratio, engine speed, IMEP, and CIM. These five variables were optimized through a Modified BoxBenken design Surface Response Method (RSM), with brake efficiency as the merit function. A positive linear correlation between CIM and f-EGAI was identified. Consequently, CIM was used as the feedback control parameter for C-EGAI. As such, implementation of C-EGAI effectively allowed for the utilization of high EGR rates and CRs, controlling combustion between a narrower gap between knock and lean limits. The change from fixed to parametric ignition timing with CIM targeted select values of f-EGAI with an average coefficient of variance (COV) of peak pressure of 5.4. The RSM efficiency optimization concluded with operational conditions of 1080 RPM, 1150 kPa IMEP, 10.55:1 compression ratio, and 17.8% EGR rate with a brake efficiency of 21.3%. At this optimized point of peak performance, a f-EGAI for C-EGAI was observed at 34.1% heat release due to auto ignition, a knock onset crank angle value of 10.3° aTDC and ignition timing of −24.7° aTDC. This work has demonstrated that combustion at a fixed f-EGAI can be maintained through advanced ignition control of CIM without experiencing heavy knocking events.
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Khairallah, Hassan A., and Umit O. Koylu. "A Computational Study of In-Cylinder NOx Reduction Strategies for a Compression-Ignition Engine Fueled With Diesel/Hydrogen Mixtures." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49098.

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Considerable efforts have been made to introduce alternative fuels for use in conventional diesel and gasoline engines. There is significant interest in adding hydrogen to a diesel engine to reduce emissions and improve efficiency. However, the main challenge associated with the use of hydrogen in diesel engines is high nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions. In the present study, a reduced chemical kinetics mechanism, consisting of 52 reactions and 29 chemical species for n-heptane fuel combustion, was incorporated with detailed chemical kinetics consisting of 29 reactions for hydrogen as well as additional nitrogen oxidation. This reaction mechanism was coupled with 3-D advanced CFD software to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of a diesel-hydrogen dual-fuel engine. Computational results showed good agreements with the experimental results for brake thermal efficiency, CO2, CO, and NOX emissions. The model was then employed to examine the effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and N2 dilution on NOX emissions. The computational results quantified the reduction in NOX emissions with EGR and N2 dilution, and a more remarkable reduction was found with 30% N2 dilution. However, in terms of the N2 dilution, a general decreasing trend was observed for both NOX and CO2 emissions, while CO emissions increased. In relation to the EGR, the NOX emissions decreased while CO2 and CO emissions significantly increased. Additionally, the results showed that the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and indicated power decreased as the N2 dilution increased. The same trend was observed for the EGR but the reduction was less compared to that of the N2 dilution.
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Kappanna, Hemanth, Marc C. Besch, Daniel K. Carder, Mridul Gautam, Adewale Oshinuga, and Matt Miyasato. "Development of an Advanced Retrofit Aftertreatment System Targeting Toxic Air Contaminants and Particulate Matter Emissions From HD-CNG Engines." In ASME 2010 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2010-35131.

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Increasing urban pollution levels have led to the imposition of evermore stringent emissions regulations on heavy-duty engines used in transit buses. This has made compressed natural gas (CNG) a promising fuel for reducing emissions, particularly particulate matter (PM) from heavy-duty transit buses. Indeed, research studies performed at West Virginia University (WVU) and elsewhere have shown that pre-2010 compliant natural gas engines emit an order of magnitude lower PM emissions, on a mass basis, when compared to diesel engines without any exhaust aftertreatment devices. However, on a number basis, particle emissions in the nanoparticulate range were an order of magnitude higher for natural gas fueled buses than their diesel counterparts. There exists a significant number of pre-2007 CNG powered buses in transit agencies in the US and elsewhere in the world. Therefore, an exhaust aftertreatment device was designed and developed by WVU, in association with Lubrizol, to retrofit urban transit buses powered by MY2000 Cummins Westport C8.3G+ heavy-duty CNG engines, and effectively reduce Toxic Air Contaminants (TAC) and PM (mass and number count) exhaust emissions. The speciation results showed that the new exhaust aftertreatment device reduced emissions of metallic elements such as iron, zinc, nonmetallic minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and sulfur derived from lube oil additives to non-detectable levels, which otherwise could contribute to an increase in number count of nanoparticles. The carbonyl compounds were reduced effectively by the oxidation catalyst to levels below what were found in the dilution air. Also, hydrocarbons identified as TAC’s by California Air Resource Board (CARB) [1] were reduced to non-detectable levels. This ultimately reduced the number of nanoparticles to levels equal to that found in the dilution air.
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