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1
Lassila, Markus. "Cyclosporine A-induced hypertension and nephrotoxicity in spontaneously hypertensive rats on high-sodium diet." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2000. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/biola/vk/lassila/.
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Gao, Kun. "Diet and exercise : behavioral management of hypertension and diabetes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5408.
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Bernard, Kathryn Susan. "Differences in Dietary Intakes Of African Americans By Hypertension Status." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1267036075.
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Guo, Yuanjing M. S. "DASH Intervention Effects on Home Food Environment and Diet Quality among Adolescents with Pre-hypertension and Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470045434.
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Thopy, Amanda J. "Effects of the DASH diet on brachial artery flow mediated dilation in adolescents with pre-hypertension and hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307125200.
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Gardner, David Stuart. "The early life programming of adult hypertension by glucocorticoids." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264896.
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Woods, Rachel P. "Use of the Glycemic Index and the DASH diet to Lower Blood Pressure in Adolescents with Hypertension and Pre-Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1259077919.
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Mai, Anna. "Oxidative stress in high fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome, hypertension and endothelial dysfunction." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2017. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/841704/.
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Oxidative stress attributable to the activation of a Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase is involved in dietary obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism of Nox2 activation in dietary obesity remains unclear. In this project age-matched apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoEKO) and Nox2/ApoE double knockout (D-KO) mice were used to investigate high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity-related metabolic disorders, Nox2 activation, endothelial and adipose tissue dysfunction. Compared to NCD, HFD ApoEKO mice developed insulin resistance, increased systemic oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction which was accompanied by increased Nox2 expression, activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and attenuated Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthesis (eNOS) pathways. Akt was decreased, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 was increased and macrophages were recruited indicating endothelial cell activation and inflammation, attenuating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/eNOS branch in favour of the MAPK. In vitro experiments showed that in response to high glucose/insulin challenge, ApoEKO aortas increased significantly the levels of Nox2 expression, activation of stress signalling pathways and the cells were senescent. Finally, the relationship of Nox2-derived reactive oxygen species due to obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction was examined for the first time in ApoEKO mice. It was found that adipose tissue in obesity is infiltrated by macrophages and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is increased. Insulin receptor is decreased whereas ERK phosphorylation is increased and eNOS phosphorylation is decreased suggesting impaired insulin signalling. Uncoupled protein-1 levels also decreased. Nox2/ApoE D-KO mice did not exhibit any of the delirious effects of HFD/ insulin resistance and were protected from adipose tissue inflammation. In conclusion, this project demonstrated a crucial role for metabolic disorders in systemic Nox2 activation, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and insulin receptor function in HFD ApoEKO mice. Also, it provides novel insights into mechanisms underlying adipose tissue dysfunction. Therefore, Nox2 targeting may represent an effective therapy to preserve endothelial and adipose tissue function and improve global metabolism in dietary obesity.
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Gupte, Manisha. "ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME 2 (ACE2) IN OBESITY-ASSOCIATED HYPERTENSION." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/37.
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The purpose of this research was to determine whether adipocytes express ACE2 and its role in obesity-associated hypertension with diet-induced obesity.
To determine if ACE2 was expressed in adipose tissue and its regulation in the setting of diet-induced obesity, we fed male mice either a low fat (LF) or high fat (HF) diet acutely (1 week) or chronically ( 4 months). We demonstrated that ACE2 was regulated specifically in adipose tissue with consumption of a HF diet. However, with chronic HF feeding adipose ACE2 was dysregulated resulting in activation of the systemic RAS and increased blood pressure.
To determine the role of ACE2 in obesity-associated hypertension, we used ACE2 deficient male and female mice. Wild type and ACE2 deficient mice were chronically fed either a LF or HF diet. Metabolic parameters were measured during the entire course of the study and blood pressure was measured by telemetry at the end of the study. Results from these studies demonstrate that HF diet promotes obesity-associated hypertension in male mice which is further augmented with ACE2 deficiency. Further, ACE2 deficiency resulted in marked glucose intolerance suggesting that stimulation of ACE2 may blunt the progression of obesity-associated diabetes.
In contrast to the males, females are protected against obesity-associated hypertension. However, this protection in the females is lost with ovariectomy and ACE2 deficiency. These results suggest that female sex hormones protect the females against obesity-associated hypertension by regulating ACE2.
To define mechanisms for HF diet-induced regulation of ACE2 in adipose tissue we examined various fatty acids for their ability to regulate ACE2 mRNA abundance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We revealed that omega-3 fatty acids, known regulators of PPARγ, increased ACE2 mRNA abundance in adipocytes. Therefore, we examined in vitro and in vivo regulation of ACE2 in 3T3-L1 cells and adipose tissue by PPARγ receptor ligands (TZDs). Results demonstrate regulatory effects of PPARγ to promote ACE2 gene transcription. These effects were associated with changes in glucose tolerance.
Taken together, these results demonstrate that adipose ACE2 plays a protective role against obesity-associated hypertension in male and female mice and is regulated by natural and synthetic ligands of PPARγ.
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Kampman, Katherine L. "Comparing Different Approaches to Promoting Adherence to a DASH Diet in Adolescents with Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1307125122.
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Wagner, Allison. "Changes in knowledge, self efficacy and diet among adolescents with hypertension in response to a DASH diet Intervention utilizing the social cognitive theory." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1132255980.
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WAGNER, ALLISON M. "CHANGES IN KNOWLEDGE, SELF-EFFICACY AND DIET AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RESPONSE TO A DASH DIET INTERVENTION UTILIZING THE SOCIAL COGNITIVE THEORY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1132255980.
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Khalesi, Taharoom Saman. "The Associations of Dietary Patterns and Lifestyle Factors with Hypertension, its Medication Adherence and Control in an Australian Sample." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365657.
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High blood pressure (or hypertension) is an epidemic medical condition affecting one-third of Australian adults. The high disease-related mortality and economic burden associated with hypertension have prompted extensive scientific interest. The development of hypertension is largely influenced by lifestyle risk factors. Poor dietary habits such as a high intake of salt and saturated fats and a low intake of fruit and vegetables, physical inactivity, overconsumption of alcohol, smoking and stress are the major risk factors of hypertension. The complex nature of diet and food intake requires focusing on the whole food and food intake patterns, in addition to the single nutrients and food items, to capture their association with chronic disease. However, the literature exploring the dietary patterns of Australians and their association with hypertension is scarce. In addition, poor physical and psychological wellbeing may increase the risk of hypertension. However, it is not clear whether all of these factors are equally associated with hypertension, or whether the influences of some factors are more critical than others. Furthermore, although medication is commonly used for the treatment of hypertension, its adherence is low. Therefore, there is a need to explore the factors associated with poor hypertension medication adherence in the Australian population.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Blaut, Jessica A. "The relationship between diet self-monitoring and healthful dietary pattern changes in adolescents with elevated blood pressure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367937841.
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Graeter, Margaret. "The relationship between dietary self-monitoring and blood pressure changes in adolescents with pre-hypertension or hypertension participating in a nutrition intervention emphasizing the DASH diet." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1312483409.
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Camões, Miguel. "The role of physical activity and diet on the incidence of obesity and hypertension: a cohort study." Doctoral thesis, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Medicina, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10198/7140.
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We aimed to evaluate prospectively the independent role of different types and intensities of
physical activity (PA) as well as nutrient intake and dietary patterns in the incidence of obesity and
hypertension. To accomplish our general objective, we performed 5 studies with the following
specific objectives:
1. To assess the validity, reproducibility and seasonal bias on usual PA reporting of an adapted
version of the EPIC PA questionnaire, designed to measure the different types of PA in Portuguese
adults.
2. To describe the relationship between dietary intake and different levels and types of PA.
3. To provide overall and central obesity incidence estimates by gender, age and educational
level in an urban Portuguese population.
4. To evaluate the role of different types of PA and diet on overall and central obesity incidence.
5. To evaluate longitudinally the role of PA (type and intensity) and diet (DASH score, nutrient
and food intake) on hypertension incidence.
Methods
Participants are part of a prospective cohort - the EPIPorto study, comprising a representative
sample of 2485 Portuguese adults (61.8% females), aged 18-92 years, resident in Porto.
Participants were recruited by random digit dialing using households as the sampling unit. The local
ethics committee approved the study protocol.
Study participants were invited to visit the Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the
University of Porto Medical School to be evaluated. Participants’ first evaluation was performed
between 1999 and 2003 and the re-evaluation of the cohort was done between 2005 and 2008.
Regarding the baseline evaluation, a participation proportion of 70% was achieved and 67.7% of
the total cohort was re-evaluated by December 2008. Evaluations were done by trained
interviewers using a standard structured questionnaire, comprising information on social,
demographic, personal and family medical history, and behavioural characteristics. Studies I and II
were based on cross-sectional data and the studies III, IV and V used longitudinal information.
For exposure measurement, validated questionnaires were used to assess PA and dietary intake
during the previous year. PA questionnaire explores all professional, domestic and leisure-time
physical activities, detailing the duration and intensity for each activity. To calculate PA energy
expenditure, we used standard metabolic energy equivalent task (MET) values. Full-day energy expenditure included energy expended in all activities during the entire day (rest, professional,
household chores and leisure-time activities), while occupational activities included professional
and household activities. Leisure-time PA included sedentary leisure-time activities and different
types of exercise. After having assessed total energy expenditure (TEE) based on the PA
questionnaire and considering the individual Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), we calculated the
Physical Activity Level (PAL=TEE/RMR).
A food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to evaluate dietary intake. The FFQ comprises 82
food and beverage-item categories, as well as a frequency section. Participants were asked to
indicate the average frequency of consumption during the preceding year, as well as the portion
size based on a photograph manual with three size options (small, medium, large) for each food
item. Data on different nutrient intake and food consumption were provided and different patterns
of intake, defined a priori, were constructed, such as the Mediterranean diet and the Dietary
Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet).
The outcomes of interest in this study were obesity and hypertension. To obtain updated
information regarding overall overweight/obesity, central obesity and hypertension onset, objective
evaluations of weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure, were done, according
to standard procedures. Overall obesity was defined through Body Mass Index (BMI), and
participants were classified as underweight to normal weight (BMI<25.0 kg/m2); overweight (BMI
25.0-29.9 kg/m2); and obese (BMI!30.0 kg/m2); the categorization used for classifying individuals
with central obesity was: WC>102 cm for men and WC>88 cm for women. Hypertension was
defined as a Systolic Blood Pressure >=140 mmHg and/or Diastolic Blood Pressure >=90 mmHg
and/or current antihypertensive drug therapy.No âmbito deste projecto de investigação, foi concedida a bolsa de Doutoramento pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (SFRH/BD/18833/2004).
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Fujii, Tsuyoshi. "Branched-chain amino acid supplemented diet during maternal food restriction prevents developmental hypertension in adult rat offspring." Kyoto University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142095.
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WANSAPURA, ARSHANI N. "CHANGES IN FOOD SOURCES OF SODIUM IN THE DIETS OF ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RESPONSE TO A DIETARY INTERVENTION EMPHASIZING A DASH TYPE DIET." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1154703684.
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Osuafor, Godswill Nwabuisi. "Aspects of the interrelation between hypertension and insulin resistance." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6176_1298445712.
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Conclusion of this study: These data suggest that 6 weeks of high-fat feeding induces hypertension but does not produce obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. However, this model may be useful in studying vascular reactivity in hypertension in the absence of insulin resistance.
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Ash, Kathleen. "The relationship between family history of disease and adherence to a DASH dietary pattern by adolescents with high blood pressure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377873666.
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Amin, Md Shahrier. "Epithelial Sodium Channels in the Brain: Effect of High Salt Diet on Their Expression." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20074.
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Statement of the problem: The epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) play an important role in regulation of blood pressure (BP). Although the genes are identical in Dahl salt sensitive (S) and Dahl salt resistant (R) rats, expression of ENaC subunits is increased in kidneys of S rats on high salt diet. Intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of ENaC blocker benzamil prevents Na+ induced hypertension. It was not known whether ENaC subunits are expressed in the brain and whether or not brain ENaC plays a role in regulation of [Na+] in CNS.
Hypothesis: 1. Epithelial sodium channels are expressed in the brain. 2. Expression of ENaC is increased in the kidneys and brain of Dahl S rats on high salt diet. 3. ENaC in the brain contributes to regulation of [Na+] in the CSF and brain interstitium.
Methods of investigation: We studied expression and distribution of the ENaC subunits and assessed the effects of icv infusion of Na+-rich aCSF in Wistar rats or high salt diet in Dahl S rats in different areas of the brain. Function of ENaC in the choroid plexus was evaluated by studying the effects of benzamil and ouabain on Na+ transport.
Major findings: In Wistar rats, both mRNA and protein of all three ENaC subunits are expressed in brain epithelia and magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nucleus. ENaC abundance is higher on the apical versus basolateral membrane of choroid cells. Benzamil decreases Na+ influx into choroid cells by 20-30% and increases CSF [Na+] by ~8 mmol/L. Na+ rich aCSF increases apical membrane expression of βENaC in the choroid cells and of α and βENaC in basolateral membrane of ependymal cells, but has no effect on neuronal ENaC. Expression of ENaC is higher in choroid cells and SON of Dahl S versus R rats and the higher expression persists on a high salt diet. High salt attenuates the ouabain blockable efflux of Na+ from choroid cells and has no effect on CSF [Na+] in Dahl R rats. In contrast, high salt does not attenuate ouabain blockable efflux of 22Na+ and CSF [Na+] increases in Dahl S.
Main Conclusion: ENaC in the brain contributes to Na+ transport into the choroid cells and appear to be involved in reabsorption of Na+ from the CSF. Aberrant regulation of Na+ transport and of Na+K+ATPase activity, might contribute to increases in CSF [Na+] in Dahl S rats on high-salt diet. ENaC in magnocellular neurons may contribute to enhanced secretion of mediators such as ‘ouabain’ leading to sympathetic hyperactivity in Dahl S rats.
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Clark, Anike N. "The Association Between Eating Habits and Hypertension Among African American Women Compared to Other Women." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1091.
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Background: Hypertension is a major public health concern for African American women. Many studies have shown a greater prevalence of hypertension, as well as physical inactivity, excess weight, and diabetes, in African Americans. Objective: To determine if differences in eating patterns, as measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI) scores, between African American women and other women in the United States are associated with hypertension. Methods: Data were extracted from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANESIII). The sample included 31,189,534 women aged 45 years or greater after survey weights were applied. The majority was White (86.1 %); minority groups included African Americans (10.5%) and Mexican Americans (3.4%). Women were considered to have hypertension if they reported that a doctor diagnosed them. Other predictor variables included age, body mass index, income, education, marital status, residence, health insurance coverage, regu1a.r source of care, smoking history, hypercholesterolemia, history of myocardial infarction, attempted weight loss, and physical activity level. The Cochran Mantel Haenszel (CMH) statistic and logistic regression were used to determine the magnitude of the association of study variables with the outcome. Results: African American women were more likely to have hypertension than White and Mexican American women. Diet, based on the HE1 score, was significantly related to the development of hypertension (CMH chi-square = 428.39, p-value = Conclusions: These findings provide further support the need to established interventions that target this population. The key to prevention is education and promotion of healthier eating habits.
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Celestini, Analisa. "Associação entre níveis pressóricos e o consumo alimentar de uma dieta tipo DASH em indivíduos adultos de Porto Alegre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14813.
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Fundamento: Recomendações para controle da hipertensão contemplam controle de peso, restrição de sódio e consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, além de adesão à dieta DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension). Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre consumo de dieta tipo DASH e pressão arterial, na população adulta de Porto Alegre. População e Métodos: Estudo transversal (Síndrome de Obesidade e Fatores de Risco para Obesidade -SOFT), desenvolvido em uma amostra populacional, incluiu 1629 indivíduos com 18 a 90 anos de idade. Entrevistas domiciliares foram feitas por entrevistadores treinados, utilizando-se instrumentos padronizados que incluíam questionário de freqüência alimentar validado na mesma população. Foram aferidos peso e altura, além de pressão arterial (quatro medidas), utilizando-se equipamento automático (OMRON CP705). Estimouse a ingestão diária e foram calculados os grupos alimentares de frutas, vegetais, laticínios dietéticos e grãos integrais, que constituíram o Escore DASH. Análise de variância, regressão linear múltipla e regressão logística foram utilizadas para as análises. Resultados: Cerca de 21% da população ingeriu dieta tipo DASH. Indivíduos no quintil inferior de consumo de frutas apresentaram médias de pressão sistólica (129,4 ±1,1 mmHg) e diastólica (78,2 ±0,7 mmHg) superiores às do quintil mais elevado (125,3 ±1.1 and 76,9 ±0,7 mmHg, respectivamente), o mesmo aplicando-se a laticínios totais e dietéticos e grãos integrais (apenas para pressão sistólica). Escore DASH associou-se inversamente com hipertensão; comparativamente ao quintil superior, participantes situados no primeiro quintil apresentaram risco independente cerca de quatorze vezes maior (OR= 14,4; 95%CI: 1,8- 117,9). Conclusões: População adulta de Porto Alegre consome componentes da dieta DASH, mas apenas um quinto apresentou padrão tipo DASH, confirmando-se os benefícios sobre a pressão arterial em contexto populacional.Background: Recommendations for the control of hypertension include weight control, the restriction of sodium intake and the consumption of alcoholic beverages, as well as adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH). Objective: To evaluate the association between consumption of a DASH-type diet and blood pressure within the adult population of Porto Alegre, Brazil. Population and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a population-based sampling of 1629 adults between 18 and 90 years old. Interviews were conducted at participants’ homes by certified interviewers, using standardized protocols, including a food frequency questionnaire validated for this population. Weight and height were measured, in addition to blood pressure (four measurements), using a automated validate device (OMRON CP-705). Daily dietary intakes were estimated and categorized into the alimentary groups of fruits, vegetables, dairy products and whole grains that make up the DASH score. Analyses of variance, multiple linear regression, and multivariate logistic regression were undertaken for this study. Results: Approximately 21% of the population consumed a DASH-type diet. Individuals in the lower quintile of fruit consumption had higher systolic (129.4 ±1.1 mmHg) and diastolic means (78.2 ±0.7 mmHg) than those in the higher quintile (125.3 ±1.1 and 76.9 ±0.7 mmHg, respectively), as well as those participants who consumed regular and low-fat dairy products and of whole grains (for systolic pressure only). The DASH score was inversely and independently associated with hypertension; participants situated in the lower category had nearly fourteen times greater risk than those in the higher category (OR= 14.4; 95%CI: 1.8- 117.9). Conclusions: The adult population of Porto Alegre consumed groups of the DASH diet, but only one fifth presented a DASH-type diet. The present findings confirm the benefits of the DASH diet on blood pressure in a non-intervention setting.
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Pons, Vila Zara. "Effect of grape-seed polyphenols in endothelial dysfunction and hypertension associated with metabolic syndrome in cafeteria diet-fed rats." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/348871.
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Els polifenols presents a la dieta s’han estudiat extensament pel seus efectes positius sobre diferents components de la síndrome metabòlica (MetS). En aquesta Tesi, es va proposar avaluar els efecte beneficiós dels polifenols de pinyol de raïm sobre la disfunció endotelial i la hipertensió (HTN) associada a la MetS, utilitzant el model de dieta de cafeteria com a model de MetS. Els resultats mostraren que una dosi aguda de 375 mg/Kg d’un extracte de polifenols de baix pes molecular de pinyol de raïm (LM-GSPE) 6 hores post- administració va ser la més efectiva per a baixar la pressió arterial en aquest model de HTN induït per dieta. En questa millora va ser veure la implicació de la Sirtuina-1 (Sirt-1) així com bloqueig del Sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona (SRAA), que com a conseqüència va millorar la funció endotelial. Per una altra banda, es va veure com alguns dels polifenols més abundants del LM-GSPE, com l’(-)-epicatequina, la (+)-catequina o l’àcid gàl·lic, actuaren com a moduladors de la funció endotelial. A més a més, es demostrà que a una baixa dosi de 7 mg/Kg, l’àcid gàl·lic, l’àcid fenòlic més abundant de l’extracte, baixava la pressió arterial de manera aguda en rates espontàniament hipertenses, millorant a més la funció endotelial a través del bloqueig el SRAA, com succeí amb LM-GSPE. No obstant això, i al contrari que LM-GSPE, es trobaren nivells elevats de bradiquinina i descartà la implicació de les sirtuïnes en aquest efecte antihipertensiu. Finalment, es demostrà que la administració crònica de polifenols de pinyol de raïm atenuaren el desenvolupament de HTN així com d’altres factors de risc associats amb la MetS. Per tant, es proposen els polifenols de pinyol de raïm, inclòs l’àcid gàl·lic, com a bons candidats per a ser utilitzats en el tractament de la HTN associada a la MetS.Los polifenoles presentes en la dieta se han estudiado extensivamente por sus efectos positivos sobre diferentes componentes del síndrome metabólico (MetS). En esta Tesis, se propuso evaluar el efecto positivo de los polifenoles de pepita de uva sobre la disfunción endotelial y la hipertensión (HTN) asociada al MetS, utilizando el modelo de dieta de cafetería como modelo de HTN asociada al MEtS. Los resultados mostraron que la una dosis aguda de 375 mg/Kg de un extracto de polifenoles de bajo peso molecular de pepita de uva (LM-GSPE) 6 horas post-administración fue la más efectiva para reducir la presión arterial en este modelo de HTN inducido por dieta. La implicación de la Sirtuina-1 (Sirt-1) y el bloqueo del Sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona (SRAA), y por consiguiente, la mejora de la función endotelial, fueron demostrados. Por otro lado, se observó como algunos de los polifenoles más abundantes del LM-GSPE, como la (-)- epicatequina, la (+)-catequina o el ácido gálico, actuaron como moduladores de la función endotelial. Además se demostró que el ácido gálico, el ácido fenólico más abundante del extracto, a una dosis baja de 7 mg/Kg bajaba la presión arterial de manera aguda en ratas espontáneamente hipertensas, mejorando además la función endotelial mediante el bloqueo del SRAA, como sucedía con LM-GSPE. No obstante, y al contrario que el extracto, el ácido gálico aumentó la concentración de bradiquinina en plasma y además no se vio implicación de Sirt-1 en el efecto antihipertensivo. Finalmente se demostró que la administración crónica de polifenoles de pepita de uva atenúa la elevación de la presión arterial y el empeoramiento de otros factores de riesgo asociados al MetS. Por tanto, se proponen los polifenoles de pepita de uva, incluido el ácido gálico, como buenos agentes para el control de la presión arterial asociada al MetS.
Dietary polyphenols have been widely studied for their health effects on different components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In the present Thesis it was aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of grape-seed polyphenols on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension (HTN) associated with MetS using cafeteria diet-fed rats as a model of MetS. Results showed that an acute dose of 375 mg/kg of a low-molecular grape seed extract (LM- GSPE) 6h after-administration was the most effective in lowering BP in this diet induced HTN model. This improvement was seen to be mediated by Sirtuin-1 (sirt-1) and blockage of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) at reducing Ang I and in turns Ang II plasma levels, and as a consequence, improving the endothelial function. Otherwise, some of the principal polyphenol forms in LM-GSPE, such as (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, also showed to act as modulators of endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that at a low dose of 7mg/Kg of gallic acid, the main phenolic acid present in LM-GSPE, acutely reduced BP in spontaneously hypertensive rats, improving endothelial dysfunction by blockage of the RAAS as LM-GSPE. However, gallic acid in contrast to LM-GSPE increased plasma bradykinin levels and not involved Sirt-1 in its antihypertensive effect. Finally it was demonstrated that a chronic administration of grape-seed polyphenols attenuated the development of HTN and other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS. Therefore, grape-seed polyphenols, including gallic acid, are proposed as good candidates to be used as as BP lowering agents in HTN associated with MetS.
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Ollberding, Nicholas Jay. "Changes in Food Sources of Fat, Cholesterol, and Protein in the Diets of Adolescents with Hypertension in Response to a Dietary Intervention Focusing on Fruits, Vegetables, and Low-fat Dairy Foods." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1211902693.
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Azabache, Angela Aurora Ayerbe, and Nancy Calderón Ramírez. "Comparación de la aceptabilidad del sabor de preparaciones con bajo contenido de sodio usando glutamato monosódico, sal común y cloruro de potasio combinado con sal común en sujetos con prescripción de dieta hiposódica." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621814.
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La finalidad de este estudio experimental fue comparar la aceptabilidad del sabor de preparaciones con bajo contenido de sodio en pacientes diabéticos e hipertensos. Se realizó entre abril y mayo del 2015 en el Centro de Atención Integral de Diabetes e Hipertensión (CEDHI) en Lima, Perú. Las personas evaluadas fueron 67 pacientes ambulatorios del CEDHI, mayores de 18 años de ambos géneros, diagnosticados de hipertensión arterial o diabetes mellitus tipo 2. En total fueron aplicadas 134 pruebas sensoriales y 402 muestras preparadas. Las preparaciones que fueron sometidas a evaluación fueron arroz, caldo, pollo y verduras cocidas, adicionándoles sal común, cloruro de potasio [25%] con sal común [75%] y glutamato monosódico. Para medir los resultados se utilizaron dos pruebas hedónicas, de preferencia por ordenamiento y prueba de aceptabilidad (puntuación del 1 al 5). En los resultados no se encontraron diferencias significativas a nivel global en cuanto a la aceptabilidad y preferencia de las preparaciones con bajo contenido de sodio. Por lo cual, el reemplazo de la sal común por cualquiera de los sustitutos es viable para pacientes con prescripción de dieta hiposódica (1500mg Na / día).The purpose of this experimental study was to compare the acceptability of the taste of preparations with low sodium in diabetic and hypertensive patients. It was conducted between April and May 2015 at the Centro de Atención Integral de Diabetes e Hipertensión (CEDHI) in Lima, Peru. Sixty-seven outpatient subjects from CEDHI were assessed; they were over 18 years of both genders, diagnosed with hypertension or diabetes mellitus type 2. In total 134 sensory tests were applied and 402 prepared food samples. The evaluated samples were rice, broth, chicken and cooked vegetables that were added with common salt, potassium chloride [25%] with salt [75%] and monosodium glutamate. In order to measure the results two hedonic tests were applied, ordered by preference and acceptability test (score of 1 to 5) were used. No significant global differences were found regarding the acceptability and preference in low sodium preparations. Therefore, the replacement of common salt by any of the substitutes is viable for patient’s prescribed low-sodium diet (1500mg Na / day).
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Villaverde, Montes de Oca Paola. "Dietary Factors and Hypertension in Adult Women in France and Mexico." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS356.
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L’hypertension est un facteur de risque majeur des maladies cardiovasculaires et rénales. Il s’agit d’une cause majeure de mortalité dans le monde représentant un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Les facteurs de risque modifiables comme l’alimentation ont été identifiés néanmoins certains aspects du rôle de l’alimentation ne sont pas clair.La prise d’antioxydants pourrait être une alternative contre les effets délétères du stress oxydant car ils ont un effet protecteur dans le développement de l’hypertension. Cependant des résultats discordants sont observés pour la relation entre la consommation d'antioxydants et l’hypertension. L’évaluation des antioxydants individuelle pourrait ne pas refléter la charge antioxydante totale de l’alimentation ainsi que la possible synergie ou les interactions.Les produits laitiers ont un contenu nutritionnel complexe et sont une source importante d’énergie, de protéine et peuvent contribuer significativement à respecter les besoins en calcium, magnésium, sélénium, riboflavine et en vitamine B12. La biodisponibilité du calcium venant des produits laitiers est élevée en comparaison à d’autres aliments. De ce fait, les produits laitiers sont largement consommés dans différentes populations à travers le monde. Cependant, du fait de la quantité de sodium et d’acides gras insaturés dans les produits laitiers leur consommation est remise en question. En effet ces nutriments ont été associés aux maladies cardiovasculaires. Cependant, les études récentes qui évaluent l’association entre les produits laitiers et l’hypertension montrent des résultats discordants.Donc, l’objectif principal de cette thèse a été d’évaluer le rôle et l’impact des facteurs alimentaires, en particulier, la capacité antioxydante totale (CAT) et la consommation de produits laitiers et le risque d’hypertension en utilisant des données de la cohorte française E3N et la cohorte mexicaine MTC.Pour ce travail, j’ai conduit trois analyses secondaires venant de données de deux études similaires sur des femmes. La première étude est l’étude française E3N incluant 98 995 enseignants âgés de 40 à 65 ans au début de l’étude en 1990. La seconde cohorte « the Mexican Teachers » est une cohorte prospective de 115 314 enseignants âgées de 25 ans et plus, initié en 2006 - 2008. Le modèle de Cox a été utilisé et les données ont été analysées à l’aide du logiciel SAS version 9.4.La CAT a été inversement associé au risque d’hypertension dans la cohorte E3N, après ajustement sur les principaux facteurs de risque de l’hypertension. La force et la direction de l’association est cohérent chez les consommateurs de fruits et légumes en dessous de la médiane de la population. La courbe de regression en spline a montré une forte relation dose effet inverse entre la CAT alimentaire et le risque d’hypertension pour ensuite se stabiliser, suggérant un effet maximal de la CAT. De plus, les résultats ne suggèrent pas d’association entre la consommation totale ou chaque type de produit laitier consommé et de risque d’hypertension.Ces recherches mettent en évidence le rôle important et complexe de l’alimentation dans le développement de l’hypertension. Elles confirment que l’hypertension est largement évitable et illustre l’impact d’un mode de vie sain dans l’étiologie de l’hypertension. La CAT alimentaire a été inversement associé au risque d’hypertension dans la cohorte E3N. Au contraire, le produit laitier n´a pas été associé au risque d’hypertension. Comme l’étude a été répliquée dans deux populations différentes, les résultats sont robustes. Donc la prévention de l’hypertension devra aider à réduire l’impact des facteurs de risque modifiables comme l’alimentation en promouvant une alimentation variée et équilibréeHypertension is the major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the principal cause of mortality in the world, representing a significant health burden and is associated with both cardiovascular and renal outcomes. Modifiable risk factors, such as the diet, have been identified for hypertension; nonetheless some aspects of the role of the diet remain unclear.According to the evidence antioxidant intake could be an alternative against the detrimental effects of oxidative stress, thus to prevent hypertension. However, inconsistent results have been observed when the relation between the intake of individual antioxidants and hypertension risk has been assessed. The evaluation of individual antioxidants may not reflect the total antioxidant power from the diet as well as the possible synergistic effects of antioxidants, resulting in an inaccurate measure of antioxidant consumption.Dairy products have a complex nutritional content and are an important source of energy, protein, and can contribute significantly to meeting the required intakes of calcium, magnesium, selenium, riboflavin, and vitamin B12. The bioavailability of calcium from dairy products is high compared with other foods in the diet. Because of this, dairy products are widely consumed in different populations worldwide. However, recently, due to the appreciable amount of sodium and saturated fat in dairy products, its consumption has been questioned, as both nutrients have been associated with cardiovascular disease. However, the studies assessing the association between dairy products and hypertension have shown inconsistent results.Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to evaluate the role and impact of dietary factors, particularly, the dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and the consumption of dairy products and the risk of hypertension using data from both the French E3N and Mexican MTC cohort studies.For this work, I conducted three secondary analyses from data of two similar studies of women. The first study was the French E3N study, and included 98 995 teachers aged 40 - 65 years at the beginning of the study in 1990. The second, the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort study, is a prospective cohort of 115 314 teachers aged 25 years or older, initiated in 2006 - 2008. I used Cox regression models to estimate HR and 95% CI, data were analysed with the SAS program version 9.4.Dietary TAC was inversely associated with risk of hypertension in the E3N cohort study, after adjustment for the main risk factors of hypertension. The strength and direction of the association was consistent in fruit and vegetable consumers below the median population value. The spline regression curve demonstrated a steep inverse dose-effect relationship between dietary TAC and risk of hypertension, then leveled off, suggesting a maximal effect of TAC. In addition, the results suggest no association between total dairy intake or each type of dairy product consumed and hypertension risk in both the E3N and MTC cohort studies. Only processed cheese consumption was directly associated with hypertension. These are rich in lipids, sodium and sugar but has a lower content of proteins, magnesium and calcium, potential protective nutrients against hypertension.This research emphasizes the important and complex role that the diet plays in the development of hypertension. It confirms that hypertension is largely preventable and also illustrates the impact of a healthy lifestyle in the etiology of hypertension. Dietary TAC was inversely associated with the risk of hypertension. On contrary, dairy product was not associated to hypertension, the usefulness of replicating analyses in different populations where the patterns of consumption of foods and their correlated maybe different, thus the results are likely robust. Therefore, hypertension prevention should aim to reduce the impact of modifiable risk factors, such as the diet, by promoting varied and balanced diets
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Welch, Mary Ann 1950. "A correlational study of health beliefs and compliance with a sodium-restricted diet." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277104.
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The relationship between health beliefs, based on the Health Beliefs Model, and compliance with a sodium-restricted diet was investigated. Significant predictors of compliance and the relationships among compliance measures were also investigated. The Health Beliefs Questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 30 hypertensive elderly subjects. Overnight urine chloride, questionnaire (added salt and salty foods), blood pressure, and dietary recall operationalized compliance. No significant relationship was found between a total health beliefs score, perceived resusceptibility to hypertension, and perceived severity of hypertension and compliance. Perceived benefits of antihypertension treatment had significant relationships with urine chloride (r = 0.41) and blood pressure (r = 0.35). Age, a significant predictor, accounted for 12% of compliance. Urine chloride significantly correlated with added salt (r = 0.44), salty foods (r = 0.44), and blood pressure (r = 0.45). Barriers to a sodium-restricted diet were categorized as no control of salt in prepared foods, desire for salt, addictive behavior, and beliefs about salt.
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Goins, Laura K. "The Effect of DASH Dietary Adherence and Participant Characteristics on CVD Risk Factor Response to a DASH Dietary Intervention in Adolescents with Elevated Blood Pressure." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1504871786313111.
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Piper, Vanessa Alves. "Avaliação da efetividade da orientação nutricional em pacientes adultos com acidente vascular cerebral : um ensaio clínico randomizado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/49029.
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Introdução e Resumo: O AVC (Acidente Vascular Cerebral) é uma das principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade a nível mundial, portanto, a identificação de fatores de risco e estratégias de prevenção é considerada de importância para a saúde pública. Dieta rica em frutas e vegetais, com sódio reduzido e aumento na ingestão de potássio reduz o risco de AVC. Este estudo preliminar tem como objetivo avaliar o impacto do aconselhamento nutricional nos principais fatores de risco para AVC em pacientes após acidente vascular cerebral recente, seguidos por 3 meses. No estudo principal estes pacientes serão seguidos por 12 meses. Métodos: Pacientes com AVC recente (até 3 meses do quadro inicial) atendidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre foram randomizados para receber aconselhamento nutricional com uma dieta DASH (grupo de intervenção -GI) ou seguir a dieta usual (grupo controle - GC). Foram avaliadas características clínicas e demográficas e em cada visita foram feitas medidas antropométricas, medição da pressão arterial, exames bioquímicos e recordatório de 24 horas da ingestão de alimentos. As visitas foram realizadas na randomização (visita 1) e 1 e 3 meses após a visita 1. Os desfechos primários foram a redução das medias de pressão arterial dentro dos 3 meses após randomização e a proporção de pacientes com pressão arterial controlada na visita 3. Resultados: Foram avaliados 48 indivíduos (21 no GI e 27 no GC), com uma idade média de 59 ± 12 anos. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos quanto aos desfechos primários. Observamos uma tendência de redução na pressão diastólica com um aumento na ingestão de cálcio (p = 0,06) e com aumento da ingestão de sódio, percebemos um aumento da pressão arterial diastólica (p =0,058) em ambos os grupos. Conclusões: Este estudo não demonstrou diferença no controle dos fatores de risco entre pacientes que receberam orientação nutricional comparados com aqueles com dieta usual. Possivelmente, a continuidade deste estudo, com um número maior de pacientes e um seguimento mais longo, poderá nos trazer resultados mais conclusivos sobre esta relação.Background and Purpose: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and death at a global level, thus identification of risk factors and prevention strategies are considered of major public health importance. Diets rich in fruits and vegetables and with reduced sodium and increased potassium intake would reduce stroke risk. This preliminary study aims to assess the impact of nutrition counseling in the major risk factors for stroke in patients after recent stroke followed by 3 months. Methods: We randomized to receive nutritional counseling with a DASH Diet (Intervention group-IG) or follow usual diet (Control Group – CG) consecutive patients with acute stroke, assisted at the Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Clinical and demographic characteristics were assessed and in each visit anthropometric measures, arterial pressure, biochemical laboratory and 24-hour food-intake recordatory were collected and assessed. Patients were evaluated at baseline and at one and 3 months after allocation. Primary outcomes were the reduction of the mean arterial blood pressure within 3 months and the proportion of patients with controlled blood pressure at visit number 3. Results: Forty-eight individuals were randomly assigned to two groups (21 in the IG and 27 in the CG), with a mean-age of 59 ± 12 years. We did not observe significant differences between the two studied groups in the primary outcome. We observed a trend of reduction in diastolic BP with an increase in calcium intake (p = 0.06) and an increase in diastolic blood pressure (p= 0,058) in both groups associated to an increased sodium intake. Conclusions: The primary endpoint of this study was negative. Possibly, the continuity of the study with a larger number of patients followed for a longer period of time may provide us with more conclusive results about this relation.
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Moussa, Iman. "Behavioral Skills Compliance and Blood Pressure Outcomes in Adolescents with Elevated Blood Pressure Participating in a Dietary Intervention Focusing on the DASH Diet." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1249948606.
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Baker, Rachel. "The Relationship between Physical Activity, Sleep Patterns and DASH dietary Adherence among Hypertensive Adolescents: The DASH-4-Teens Program." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1522419725606895.
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Fusco, Fernanda Bueno. "Losartana e hidralazina previnem o acúmulo arterial de lípides induzido pela restrição alimentar crônica de sódio em animais hipertensos e hiperlipidêmicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-06082015-115628/.
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A restrição alimentar de cloreto de sódio prejudica o perfil de lípides plasmáticos e a sensibilidade à insulina, favorecendo a aterosclerose em modelos animais dislipidêmicos. A hiperlipidemia e a ativação do sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona, isolados ou conjuntamente, estimulam a aterogênese. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência da restrição crônica de cloreto de sódio na dieta sobre a aterogênese utilizando-se camundongos hiperlipidêmicos (modelo de estudo para aterosclerose) e com hipertensão renovascular. Camundongos knockout para o receptor de lipoproteína de densidade baixa (LDLR KO) e com hipertensão renovascular cirurgicamente induzida (hipertensão dependente de angiotensina II endógena; 2-kidney, 1-clip; 2K1C), tratados ou não com fármacos anti-hipertensivos (losartana ou hidralazina), foram alimentados ad libitum com ração contendo baixa concentração de sódio (HS) (0,15% NaCl) ou ração com concentração padrão de sódio (NS) (1,27% NaCl) a partir do desmame até completarem 5 meses de idade. Camundongos hipertensos submetidos à restrição de sódio apresentaram maior concentração plasmática de colesterol total (CT) e triglicérides (TG), quando comparados aos animais alimentados com dieta NS, confirmando nosso estudo anterior com camundongos normotensos. Os camundongos hipertensos alimentados com dieta HS apresentaram maior infiltração de lípides na parede do arco aórtico quando comparados aos animais NS, apesar da redução da pressão arterial (PA) obtida com a restrição de sódio. A dieta LS não alterou o peso corpóreo e o hematócrito dos animais, exceto em relação aos camundongos tratados com losartana os quais apresentaram discreta redução de hematócrito e das concentrações plasmáticas de TG e de ácidos graxos livres (AGL) justificando, provavelmente, a menor infiltração de lípides no arco aórtico destes animais. Quando comparados aos animais normotensos alimentados com dieta HS, os camundongos hipertensos tratados com losartana ou hidralazina apresentaram menor infiltração lipídica na vasculatura, sugerindo que mecanismos benéficos dos fármacos anti-hipertensivos sobre o metabolismo possam ter superado o efeito destes fármacos sobre a PA. Este estudo pode contribuir no esclarecimento dos mecanismos de ação dos fármacos anti-hipertensivos sobre a aterogênese e nas questões conflitantes em relação à restrição alimentar de sódio, hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e doença cardiovascular prematuraThis study sought to investigate the influence of chronic dietary sodium chloride restriction on atherogenesis utilizing renovascular hypertensive hyperlipidemic mice. Low density lipoprotein receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice with renovascular hypertension (endogenous angiotensin II-dependent hypertension; 2-kidney, 1-clip - 2K1C), treated or not with antihypertensive drugs losartan or hydralazine, were fed ad libitum either a low-sodium diet (LS) (0.15% NaCl) or a normal-sodium chow (NS) (1.27% NaCl) from weaning to 5 months of age. Hypertensive mice showed higher plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations on LS than on NS confirming our previous study on normotensive mice. In hypertensive mice aortic lipid infiltration was much greater on LS than on NS in spite of the reduction of the blood pressure (BP) attained by LS. LS did not modify the mouse body weight and hematocrit, however the latter was slightly but significantly diminished in the losartan-treated hypertensive group. In hypertensive mice plasma TG and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) levels were significantly reduced by losartan seemingly explaining the most significant of all reduction of aortic lipid infiltration reached in this group. Hypertensive mice fed LS diet either on losartan or hydralazine treatment had lower aortic lipid infiltration, suggesting that other beneficial metabolic actions of these drugs must have overcome their effect on BP, as compared to normotensive mice on LS diet. This study sheds light on mechanisms of action of antihypertensive drugs in atherosclerosis and on the conflicting issues regarding dietary sodium restriction on hypertension, dyslipidemia and premature cardiovascular disease in human populations
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Zhu, Xinyu. "The Relationship between Parenting Practices around Eating and Adolescent’s Eating Behavior and Adherence to a Blood Pressure Lowering Diet among Adolescents with Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439309800.
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Alakrawi, Mariam. "Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Angiotensinogen Gene." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1461632948.
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Meuser, Ashley R. "Changes in Social Cognitive Theory Constructs Influence Changes in Consumption of Fruits, Vegetables, Low-Fat Dairy Products, and High Fat/High Sodium Foods in Adolescents with Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1282167496.
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VAGEDES, KASEY M. "CHANGES IN DIET QUALITY AND BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RESPONSE TO A DIETARY INTERVENTION EMPHASIZING FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND LOW-FAT DAIRY PRODUCTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1123090947.
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Abouelnasr, Miriam Karlina. "Prevalence and Association of Risk Factors for Chronic Disease among Middle Eastern College Students." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/25.
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Background: Since the discovery of oil in 1962, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has experienced far-reaching social and economic changes. As a result, the physical and social environment of the UAE is moving away from the traditional Bedouin lifestyle to one that is more westernized. Given this recent trend toward a westernized lifestyle, chronic diseases are becoming more prevalent, impacting the rates of chronic disease among children, adolescents, and young adults residing in the UAE as well. Null hypothesis 1: There is no association between the level of physical activity and overweight/obesity, and hypertension. Null hypothesis 2: There is no association between the frequency of fruit and vegetable intake and overweight/obesity, and hypertension. Null hypothesis 3: There is no association between smoking status and overweight/obesity, and hypertension. Objectives: • to assess the prevalence of fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, smoking, overweight/obesity, and hypertension among Arab college students in the UAE; • to determine the associations between fruit and vegetable intake, physical activity, smoking, overweight/obesity, and hypertension Methods: Participants included men and women college students of Arab descent attending the American University of Sharjah, UAE. A questionnaire was used to assess demographics, tobacco use, physical activity, and diet of participants. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption, including fruit juice, fruit, lettuce, white potatoes, beans, tomato sauce, vegetable soup, and other vegetables. Height, weight, and blood pressure were measured and BMI was determined. Results: The study sample included 145 men (n=73) and women (n=72) age 18-25 years. The prevalence of smoking was higher among men compared to women (65.8% vs. 30.6%; p<0.001). The prevalence of physical activity was higher among men compared to women (84.9% vs. 55.6%; p<0.001). The prevalence of overweight was higher among men compared to women (31.5 vs. 16.7%; p=0.01). The prevalence of obesity was higher among men compared to women (11.0 vs. 2.8%; p=0.01). The prevalence of high blood pressure was higher among men compared to women (56.9 vs. 17.1%; p<0.001). Among men and women, the contribution of fruit juice to the total daily frequency of fruit consumption was 57%. Of the total study population, 25.2% reported a frequency of fruit and vegetable intake ≥ 5 times/day. For women, frequency of fruit and vegetable intake had a significant negative association with physical activity. Among men, fruit and vegetable intake ≥ 5 times/day was found to be negatively associated with hypertension. A positive association was found between BMI and hypertension for men. Conclusions: The results of the study uphold the hypothesis that fruit and vegetable intake is inversely associated with hypertension among men. Compared to women, men exhibited a greater prevalence of high blood pressure, smoking, overweight/obesity, and physical activity. Men and women did not differ in the frequency of fruit and vegetable consumption. For the total study population, fruit juice contributed to 57% of the total fruit daily fruit intake. Women who reported engaging in physical activity were more likely to report a frequency of consumption of fruits and vegetables < 5 times per day. 65.8% of men and 48.4% of the total study population reported smoking either cigarettes or sheesha. Smoking was found to be more prevalent among students reporting a country of origin in middle and low income categories. More information is needed on the energy intake of college-age Arab women and their exercise patterns to determine if an intervention is warranted to prevent disordered eating. More information is needed on the consumption of fruit juice among this population to determine if an intervention is needed to promote intake of whole fruits and vegetables to replace fruit juice consumption. Interventions that target smoking habits among Arab college students need to incorporate sheesha smoking, since this habit was found to be common among both men and women.
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Hetz, Hannah [Verfasser], and Heimo [Akademischer Betreuer] Ehmke. "The role of Angiotensin II and Aldosterone in the pathomechanism of hypertension in mice under a combined potassium and sodium diet / Hannah Hetz. Betreuer: Heimo Ehmke." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1064977421/34.
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Wolniczak, Isabella, José A. Cáceres-DelAguila, Jorge L. Maguiña, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Fruits and vegetables consumption and depressive symptoms: A population-based study in Peru." Public Library of Science, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622277.
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Objectives: Among different factors, diet patterns seem to be related to depression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the consumption of fruits and/or vegetables and depressive symptoms. Methodology/Principal findings: A secondary data analysis was conducted using information from a population-based survey from 25 regions from Peru. The outcome was the presence of depressive symptoms according to the Patient Health Questionnaire (cutoff 15 to define major depressive syndrome); whereas the exposure was the self-reported consumption of fruits and/or vegetables (in tertiles and using WHO recommendation 5 servings/day). The association of interest was evaluated using Poisson regression models controlling for the complex-sample survey design and potential confounders. Data from 25,901 participants were analyzed, mean age 44.2 (SD: 17.7) and 13,944 (54.0%) women. Only 910 (3.8%; 95%CI: 3.5%–4.2%) individuals reported consuming 5 servings of fruits and/or vegetables/day; whereas 819 (2.8%; 95%CI: 2.5%–3.1%) had depressive symptoms. Those in the lowest tertile of fruits and/or vegetables consumption had greater prevalence of depressive symptoms (PR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.39–2.55) than those in the highest tertile. This association was stronger with fruits (PR = 1.92; 95%CI: 1.46–2.53) than vegetables (PR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.05–1.93) alone. Conclusions: An inverse relationship between consumption of fruits and/or vegetables and depressive symptoms is reported. Less than 5% of subjects reported consuming the amount of fruits and vegetables recommended by the WHO. There is a need to implement strategies to promote better diet patterns with potential impact on mental health. © 2017 Wolniczak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Thomas, Ingrid M. "Changes in Food Sources of Calcium, Potassium, and Magnesium in the Diets of Adolescents with Hypertension in Response to a Behavioral Nutrition Intervention Emphasizing Fruit, Vegetable, and Low-fat Dairy Foods." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1311775395.
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Costa, Milton Vieira. "Dieta hiperlipídica com ou sem adição de sal modula diferentemente a produção de peptídeo natriurético atrial e a expressão de renina em camundongos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2531.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de JaneiroEstudo dos efeitos de uma dieta rica em sal e / ou gordura saturada em grânulos de peptídeo natriurético atrial (ANP), hipertensão, expressão da renina e ultraestrutura cardíaca em camundongos C57Bl / 6. Camundongos machos adultos jovens foram separados em quatro grupos (n = 12) e alimentados com uma das seguintes dietas por 9 semanas: dieta padrão para roedores (Grupo P), dieta hiperlipídica (Grupo HL), dieta hipersódica (Grupo HS) e dieta hiperlipídica e hipersódica simultaneamente (HL-HS). Foram examinados: alterações no ANP sérico, ultra-estrutura dos cardiomiócitos produtores de ANP, estrutura do ventrículo esquerdo, pressão arterial sanguínea, expressão da renina no rim, taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG), eficiência alimentar, parâmetros lipídicos e glicídicos. Os animais alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica mostraram um pequeno aumento na produção de ANP, discreta hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, aumento da eficiência alimentar, dislipidemia e hiperglicemia. Animais alimentados com dieta hipersódica tiveram um grande aumento na produção de grânulos de ANP e correspondente elevação do seu nível sérico, hipertrofia ventricular esquerda, hipertensão arterial, diminuição dos níveis de renina e aumento da TFG. A combinação das duas dietas (HL-HS) teve um efeito aditivo. A ingestão de uma dieta com alto teor de sal e lipídeos induz alterações ultraestruturais dos cardiomiócitos, aumento da produção de ANP e elevação de seu nível sérico e reduz a quantidade de renina no rim.
To study the effects of a diet rich in salt and/or saturated fat on atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-granules, hypertension, renin expression and cardiac structure in C57Bl/6 mice. Young adult male mice were separated into four groups (n=12) and fed one of the following for 9 weeks: standard chow/normal-salt (SC-NS), high-fat chow/normal salt (HF-NS), standard chow/high-salt (SC-HS) and high-fat chow/high-salt (HF-HS). Alterations in the serum ANP, ultrastructural analysis of cardiomyocytes that produce ANP, structural analysis of the left ventricle, blood pressure, renin expression, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), feed efficiency and lipid and glucose parameters were examined. The HF-NS diet showed a small increase in ANP production and left ventricular hypertrophy, increased food efficiency and abnormal lipid and glucose parameters. The SC-HS diet showed a large increase in ANP granules in myocytes and corresponding elevation in ANP serum levels, left ventricular hypertrophy, hypertension, decrease of renin levels and increase in GFR. The combination of the two diets (HF-HS) had an additive effect. The incorporation of a high-fat high-salt diet induced ultrastructural changes in cardiomyocytes, increased the production of ANP and increased its serum level, and reduced the amount of renin in the kidney.
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Милославський, Д., І. Снігурська, В. Божко, and О. Щенявська. "Профілактичні ефекти дієтотерапії у хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу з метаболічним синдромом." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/64173.
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Diet therapy is one of the leading components in the prophylactic strategy of
basic measures in patients with hypertension and metabolic syndrome. Low-salt
DASH diet in combination with antihypertensive therapy led to achievement of
target levels of blood pressure and lipids, reduction of body weight, normalization of
uric acid levels and blood glucose.Dietetyczna terapia jest jednym z głównych elementów strategii profilaktycznej podstawowych środków u pacjentów z choroba nadciśnieniowa i metabolicznym zespołem. Niskosłodzona dieta DASH w połączeniu z terapią przeciwnadciśnieniową prowadziła do osiągnięcia do celowych poziomów ciśnienia krwi i lipidów, zmniejszenia masy ciała, normalizacji we krwi kwasu moczowego i glukozy.
Мета: вивчення профілактичних можливостей дієтотерапії (ДТ) у хворих на гіпертонічну хворобу (ГХ) з ознаками метаболічного синдрому (МС).
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Fanelli, Stephanie Marissa. "Differences in Diet Quality and Concurrent Chronic Diseases by Level of Glycemic Control in US Adults." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu155542411241737.
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Reinert, Brittany M. "The Relationship between Home Mealtime Behavior and Availability and Accessibility of Healthful Foods in the Home and Adherence to a Blood Pressure Lowering Diet among Adolescents with Hypertension." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1377868846.
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King, Summer Hayes. "Maternal High-Salt Diet During Pregnancy in Sprague Dawley Rats Programs Exaggerated Stress-Induced Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Responses in Adult Female Offspring." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2061.pdf.
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Knight, Mallory A. "A Multidisciplinary Lifestyle Intervention Program Decreases Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults After 100 Days of Treatment." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1313677361.
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Rambo, Chelsea N. "Effects of a One-Year Comprehensive Lifestyle Intervention Program on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in At-Risk Adults." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1338330328.
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Casanova, Marcela de Abreu. "Análise da concordância entre o plano dietético Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) e o padrão alimentar de pacientes hipertensos." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5745.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA adoção do plano dietético Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) tem sido enfatizado na população hipertensa como uma importante estratégia no controle dos níveis pressóricos elevados. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o consumo alimentar de macro e micronutrientes em pacientes hipertensos, em especial do sódio, cálcio, potássio e magnésio, e comparar com as recomendações dietéticas contidas no plano DASH. Estudo transversal envolvendo uma amostra de conveniência composta por 113 hipertensos entre 40 e 69 anos. A medida da pressão arterial (PA) foi determinada com aparelho eletrônico devidamente calibrado e a avaliação dietética obtida pelo questionário de freqüência do consumo alimentar. Os alimentos ingeridos foram convertidos em porções e distribuídos em diferentes grupos alimentares. A faixa de porções recomendadas pelo plano DASH foi determinada com base na média das necessidades energéticas desta amostra permitindo assim uma posterior comparação com o hábito alimentar dos hipertensos, utilizando um escore de pontos com pontuação máxima de 9 pontos. A amostra foi dividida em três grupos: grupo B que obteve 2,5 a 4,0 pontos (n=34; 30%), grupo M entre 4,5 a 5,0 pontos (n=43; 38%) e grupo A que obteve 5,5 a 8,0 pontos (n=36; 32%). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas na média da PA sistólica (14024 vs 13823 vs 13515 mmHg) e diastólica (8617 vs 8813 vs 8410 mmHg). Apesar do grupo A consumir mais proteínas e gordura monoinsaturada, foi detectado um excesso pronunciado na ingestão de gordura saturada, colesterol e das calorias totais, por este grupo de pacientes. No que tange a ingestão dos micronutrientes, o grupo A apresentou consumo significativamente maior de cálcio, potássio e magnésio, refletido pela maior ingestão de vegetais e frutas em comparação aos grupos B e M. A média de ingestão do sódio intrínseco foi significativamente maior no grupo A (4,12,0 vs 3,11,1 vs 2,71,1 g/dia). Foram detectadas, apenas no grupo A, correlações entre PA sistólica e o percentual de proteína (r = -0,5; p=0,002) e PA sistólica e o percentual de carboidrato (r = 0,4; p=0,02). Apenas um terço dos hipertensos avaliados apresentaram padrão alimentar mais concordante com o plano DASH e com maior ingestão de proteínas, gordura monoinsaturada, fibras, cálcio, potássio e magnésio. Entretanto, o consumo mais elevado de sódio, gordura saturada, colesterol e das calorias totais por este grupo de pacientes poderia restringir uma maior queda dos níveis pressóricos elevados.
The adoption of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) plan has been emphasized in the hypertension population as an important strategy in the control of the raised blood pressure (BP). The objective of this study was to analyze the alimentary consumption of macro and micronutrients in hypertensive patients, especially of sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium, and to compare with the dietary recommendations contained in DASH plan. Transversal study was conducted in a convenience sample of 113 hypertensive patients, between 40 and 69 years. The BP measurement was determined with calibrated electronic device and the dietary assessment was performed trough the semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. For comparison with DASH plan, ingested foods were converted into portions and the magnitude of the portions recommended for DASH plan was determined on the basis of the mean energy requirements of this sample. Thereafter, cut-off points were established for food groups, the maximum number of points that a patient could reach was 9. The sample was divided in tertils: Group L with 2.5 4.0 points (n=34; 30%), Group I with 4.5 5.0 points (n=43; 38%) and Group H with 5.5 8.0 points (n=36; 32%). Systolic and diastolic BP were not significantly different among the groups (14024 vs 13823 vs 13515 mmHg/ 8617 vs 8813 vs 8410 mmHg). Group H consumed more proteins and monoinsaturated fat, a pronounced excess in the saturated fat, cholesterol and total calories intake was also detected in this group of patients. Regarding micronutrients intake, group H presented significantly higher consumption of calcium, potassium and magnesium, reflected for higher vegetable and fruits intake in comparison to the groups L and I. The average of intrinsic sodium intake was significantly higher in the group H (4.12.0 vs 3.11.1 vs 2.71.1 g/day). Negative correlation between the systolic BP and dietary protein percentage (r=-0.5, p=0.002) and a positive correlation between the systolic BP and the carbohydrate percentage (r=0.4, p=0.02) was verified only in group H. The present study showed that only one third of the hypertensive patients presented alimentary pattern more consistent with DASH plan, showing greater intake of protein, monounsaturated fat, fiber, calcium, potassium and magnesium. However, pronounced sodium, saturated fat and cholesterol intake and excess of total calories in these hypertensive patients could restrict a greater control of BP.
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Arantes, Ana Carolina. "Efeitos da redução da ingestão de sal sobre a pressão arterial em normotensos, pré-hipertensos e normotensos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7904.
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Introduction: The effects of salt intake reduction on casual blood pressure (BP) among hypertensive patients have been widely studied. However, there are few data about this issue in the context of arterial stiffness, as well as in normotensive and pre-hypertensive subjects. Objective:To evaluate the effects of progressive reduction in intake of the addition salt (from 6 grams / day to 4 grams/day) on peripheral and central pressure values as well as arterial stiffness in normotensive, prehypertensive and hypertensive. Methodology: This is an interventional, single-blind clinical trial, with 13 weeks of follow-up and 4 weeks interval between evaluations, performed with technical-administrative workers and teachers from a public university. Inclusion criteria were age between 20 and 60 years, both genders and which meal at home at least 4 times per week. Exclusion criteria were BP ≥160/100 mmHg, using two or more antihypertensive drugs, secondary hypertension; diabetes, history of myocardial infarction or stroke in the last 6 months, and special need diet. This study was approved by the institution’s Ethics Committee and all the participants signed the informed consent form. Recruitment was performed at the workplace, with a questionnaire about dietary habits, anthropometric and casual BP measurement (OMRON 705CP automatic device). According to the BP levels, participants were classified as normotensive (≤130/85 mmHg), pre-hypertensive (130-139/85-89 mmHg) and hypertensive stage I (≥140- 159/90-99 mmHg). The other evaluated variables were home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM), central blood pressure (CBP) measurement by tonometry (SphygmoCor® system), 24-hour urinarysodium, and dietary salt intake. The participants were instructed to reduce the consumption of foods with high sodium content. The addition of salt used during the follow-up was controlled by delivering individual packages for daily family consumption. The protocol adherence was evaluated by controlling the returned packages at each visit. The data were structured and analyzed using Stata software (version 12). Descriptive analysis was performed using relative and absolute frequencies, as well as median and interquartile range or mean and standard deviation for distribution of categorical and quantitative variables, respectively. For comparison between groups at visit 1, Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's Exact tests were used. The comparison between the groups was done before and after the intervention using Wilcoxon test and paired Student T test. The correlation between BP values and urinary sodium levels was performed using the Spearman test. For all tests, the significance level was set at 5% and the confidence interval was 95%. Results: Fifty-five participants were evaluated, 32 males (median age 48 years). According to BP values, 18 were normotensive, 15 pre-hypertensive and 22 hypertensive. The salt of addition was reduced at each visit from 6 to 4 g/day. The groups are similar in relation to age and sex. There was no difference between blood pressure measurements and sodium excretion before and after the intervention. The parameters of arterial stiffness also did not suffer. Conclusion: Gradual reduction of addition salt intake in a 13-week follow-up is not able to reduce the loss of danger and mean values of blood pressure.
Introdução: Os efeitos da redução na ingestão de sal sobre a pressão arterial casual de hipertensos já foram amplamente estudados, entretanto essa análise ainda é escassa no contexto da rigidez arterial e em indivíduos normotensos e pré-hipertensos. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos da redução progressiva na ingestão do sal de adição (de 6 gramas/dia para 4 gramas/dia) sobre os valores dapressão periférica e central assim como a rigidez arterial em normotensos, pré-hipertensos e hipertensos. Metodologia: Ensaio clínico, simples cego, com 13 semanas de seguimento e intervalo de 4 semanas entre as consultas, realizado com trabalhadores técnico-administrativos e docentes universitários. Critérios de inclusão: idade entre 20 a 60 anos, para ambos os sexos e refeição principal (almoço e/ou jantar) em casa no mínimo 4x/semana. Critérios de exclusão: pressão arterial (PA) ≥160/100 mmHg, uso de dois ou mais medicamentos anti-hipertensivos, hipertensão secundária; diabéticos, história de infarto do miocárdio ou acidente vascular cerebral nos últimos 6 meses e necessidade de alguma dieta especial. Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da instituição e os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. O recrutamento foi realizado no local de trabalho, aplicando-se questionários sobre hábitos alimentares, medidas antropométricas e medida casual da PA com o aparelho automático OMRON 705CP. Os participantes foram classificados, de acordo com a medida casual da pressão arterial, em normotensos (≤130/85 mmHg), pré-hipertensos (130-139/85-89 mmHg) e hipertensos estágio I (≥140-159/90-99 mmHg). As variáveis avaliadas foram a medida casual, monitorização residencial da pressão arterial (MRPA), medida central da pressão arterial (PAC) por tonometria com o aparelho sphygmocor, sódio urinário de 24h e mensuração do sal de adição. Os participantes foram orientados a reduzir o consumo de alimentos com alto teor de sódio e o sal de adição utilizado no período do seguimento foi controlado com a entrega em embalagens individuais, para o consumo diário familiar. A adesão ao protocolo foi avaliada pelo controle das embalagens e pesagem do sal de adição retornado em cada visita. Os dados foram estruturados e analisados no programa Stata versão 12. Foram utilizadas frequências absolutas e relativas para análise estatística descritiva e mediana e intervalo inter-quartil ou média e desvio padrão, para as variáveis categóricas e quantitivas. A distribuição dos dados foi analisada pelo teste Shapiro-Wilk; para a comparação entre grupos na V1B foram realizados os testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Exato de Fisher; comparação intra grupo foi feita antes e após a intervenção pelos testes de Wilcoxon e t-Student pareado; correlação entre valores de PA e níveis de sódio urinário via teste de Spearman. Para todos os testes considerou-se o nível de significância em 5% e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 55 participantes com intervalos de 04 semanas, 32 do sexo masculino (mediana de 48 anos) sendo 18 normotensos, 15 pré-hipertensos e 22 hipertensos, redução progressiva no sal de adição a cada visita de 6 até 4 gramas ao dia. Os grupos foram semelhantes em relação a idade e sexo. Não houve diferença entre medidas de pressão arterial e excreção de sódio antes e depois da intervenção. Os parâmetros de rigidez arterial também não sofreram alterações significativas. Conclusão: A redução gradativa da ingestão de sal de adição num seguimento de 13 semanas não foi capaz de reduzir de maneira significativa os valores periféricos e centrais da pressão arterial.