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Rathnayake, Dimuthu, and Shanti Dalpatadu. "A systematic approach to reduce hospital food waste based on patient experience." British Journal of Healthcare Management 26, no. 10 (October 2, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2019.0100.
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Background/Aims Organisational research has been shown to enhance the quality of hospital diet services. This study investigated methods to reduce food waste in the inpatient facilities of a large teaching hospital in Sri Lanka. Methods A patient experience survey was conducted to assess the quality of hospital diets. A new diet process was formulated and evaluated based on the results. Results Patients were satisfied with the food and food service quality, but preferred to eat homemade food during longer hospital stays. Before the intervention, 55% of breakfast meals, 62% of lunch meals and 57% of dinner meals were wasted. Post-intervention evaluation showed a significant reduction in food waste to less than 4% for all meal types. Conclusions Offering patients the opportunity to express meal preference through the diet ordering process reduced hospital food waste to less than 4% in total.
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Parameshwara, S., B. Manjula, Geetha Bhaktha, K. Gurupadappa, and G. K. Ranjith Kumar. "Evaluation of Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases in Shimoga Population." Indian Journal of Clinical Cardiology 2, no. 2 (April 12, 2021): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26324636211001650.
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Background: The morbidity and mortality rate is increasing due to cardiovascular disease around the globe. This may be due to drastic changes in lifestyle, food habits, work, stress, genetic factors, and environmental conditions. The present study is undertaken to evaluate the risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Shimoga region. Objective: Evaluation of risk factors of CVD in patients who admitted for treatment in McGann Teaching District Hospital, Shimoga. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in Mc Gann's Teaching District Hospital, Shimoga from October 2017 to March 2018. Data about sociodemographic parameters such as age, sex, height, weight, smoking, the status of diabetes mellitus, type of occupation, and diet, tobacco, and alcohol consumption were retrieved from the medical record section and statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: Out of 262 CVD cases, 60% were male and 40% were female. Based on the body mass index (BMI), 1.9% were underweight, 40.1% were normal, 34.4% were overweight, and 23.7% were obese. Sedentary (64.9%) lifestyle was significantly higher when compared to moderate (2.3%) and heavy (32.8%). Diabetes, smoking, tobacco, and alcohol consumption were seen to be significant while food custom was not significant among the study population ( P < .05). Conclusion: In our study, a higher percentage of CVD patients falls under normal BMI when compared to other studies. This may be due to lifestyle, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and family heredity. Further extensive studies should be carried out to find the main cause of CVD in Shimoga population.
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Wang, Weining, Ya Ling Wang, Chao Hsiu Chen, Yi Jui Chan, and Hui Min Hsieh. "Entrustable Professional Activities for Undergraduate Nutrition Student Clinical Training: Development and Implementation." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab040_009.
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Abstract Objectives Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have been applied to postgraduate and undergraduate medical training, but the application of nutrition intern students is rare. The clinical training of nutrition intern students must be connected with the nutrition care ability after graduation. Outpatient diabetes nutrition care is an important job of hospital dietitian. Therefore, this is the good point for the development of EPAs evaluation. The objective of this study was to describe the development of EPAs for nutrition intern training in the nutrition department of a medical center. Methods We chose the topic “Diet and health education for diabetic patients in outpatient clinics” and set the EPAs framework. EPAs was developed through an iterative consensus process involving the advanced dietitians. The content includes task description, capabilities (knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors), evaluation information, setting the trust level and validity period. The evaluation was established through expert validity. Final EPAs revisions followed from the multisource feedback. The Clinical Competency Committees (CCC) was established for final evaluation and approval. Results The EPAs was piloted for intern students in the Nutrition Department of the Medical Center from 2019. The assessment methods include test, mini-CEX, ad-hoc EPA, OSCE. The assessment content includes the knowledge of diabetes medical, diet, drug, clinical consultation, education, empathy and attitude, etc. Students were evaluated during each period of training. Finally, all the evaluation results were summarized and the CCC gave each student a credit rating. Conclusions Through multiple evaluations and timely feedback, the ability of intern students was defined in more precision. It allowed clinical teachers to achieve a teaching consensus. Combine competence with actual work, and integrate evaluation with authorization. We need to construct a complete information system to make evaluation more efficient in the future. Funding Sources None.
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Kafatos, Irene, Antonis Peponaras, Manolis Linardakis, and Anthony Kafatos. "Nutrition education and Mediterranean diet: exploring the teaching process of a school-based nutrition and media education project in Cretan primary schools." Public Health Nutrition 7, no. 7 (October 2004): 969–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004565.
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AbstractBackground:During the past few decades there has been a gradual abandoning of the traditional Mediterranean diet by the population of Crete and especially among the younger generations. Since this is related to the rapidly increasing morbidity and mortality rates from chronic diseases, the need for educating young people on the principles of good nutrition becomes increasingly important. It is also acknowledged that the epidemiological field needs to focus on studying the implementation process, since this will allow for a deeper understanding of the outcomes.Objectives:The aims of the present study were to explore the process of implementing an innovation in Cretan primary schools and to identify best teaching practices and principles.Design:In three state primary schools on the island of Crete, 107 children took part in a 30-h nutrition and media education programme. Classroom observations were used to define attitudes towards the programme and teaching methods. Besides baseline and post evaluation, the pupils were also interviewed about 11 months after the end of the programme.Implementation:During observation of the teaching process, emerging issues were the teacher's motivation and interest in the course, his/her preparation before each class, teaching ability and communication skills, the respect and discipline he/she kept and the innovative teaching methods used. In some cases researcher intervention in the classroom could not be avoided.Findings and conclusions:Overall, individual teacher willingness and teaching skills were mainly responsible for the quality of teaching, the variety of educational methods used in classrooms and pupils' interest in the course. Changes in pupils' knowledge and recall of the course were related to teacher enthusiasm but also to researcher intervention. Exploring the teaching and learning process allowed a deeper understanding of the data. It is concluded that attempts to introduce the principles of a Mediterranean diet to children through nutrition education require innovative, enthusiastic and highly motivated teachers.
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Ameen, Ali Abdulqader, Hrair Haik Kegham, and Ali Hussein Abid. "Evaluation and management of urethral calculi." International Surgery Journal 4, no. 8 (July 24, 2017): 2392. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20173182.
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Background: To evaluate the presentation, management and outcome of patient with urethral calculi in addition todetermine the most common type of calculi encountered in those patients and the chemical composition of those calculi to prevent their recurrence.Methods: Sixty-nine patients with urethral calculi, 63 males and six females were included in this study at Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital, Bagdad, Iraq from April 2016 to April 2017. The diagnosis of urethral calculi was based mainly on the clinical presentation and cystoscopy evaluation in addition to the history, examination and investigations.Results: All together Sixty-nine patients were recruited in this study [63 male (91.3%) and 6 females (8.6%)], regarding sex distributions of patients the largest number of patients with urethral calculi were found in male between 21-40 years old, the most common presenting symptom was dysuria (60.8%), the presentation of pediatric urethral calculi was different (any suspicion of urethral mass on palpation gave high index of suspicion of urethral calculi).Conclusions: Nephrolithiasis especially renal calculi represent a widespread problem, recurrent UTI is one of the leading risk factor in urinary calculi and should be vigorously treated and any case should be in investigated carefully and chemically analysed to prevent further attacks and recurrence in future. Unbalanced diet with poor hygiene especially for the urethral calculi plays an additional role in the pathogenesis of urethra calculi.
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Austin, Adrian G., and Jeff G. Wiegert. "155 Opportunities and Challenges of Teaching Laboratory Content of a Swine Discipline-focused Course with Limited Swine Access." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 143–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.244.
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Abstract In spring semester, 2020, ANSC 412: Swine Production and Management (4 credits, lecture and laboratory) was offered in the Department of Animal Science at Texas A&M University following a period of nonappearance in the curriculum. Simultaneously, planned renovation of the campus swine teaching farm required depopulation of the existing herd. Hence, animal access for course laboratories was restricted for the 2020 spring and fall semesters. The objective is to present strategies to achieve effective laboratory learning objectives with limited livestock access. Average course enrollment in 2020 spring and fall semesters was 11 students of junior and senior standing. The course laboratory was held for two hours weekly for fifteen weeks. COVID-19 interruption of the spring semester, and arrival of pigs to the campus swine teaching farm in the fall semester, necessitated creation of ten equivalent laboratory sessions per semester. Example laboratory sessions include: panels with swine industry professionals, Pork Quality Assurance version 4.0 certification, virtual farm tours, evaluating genetic merit with National Swine Registry Swine Testing and Genetic Evaluation System EPD data and indexes, understanding least-cost diet formulation with diet formulation software, creating and implementing a Secure Pork Supply enhanced biosecurity plan for the campus swine farm, and multiple case study models of troubleshooting reproductive deficiencies with the US Pork Center of Excellence National Swine Reproduction Guide. Laboratory session execution facilitated achievement of TAMU Department of Animal Science programmatic learning outcomes, specifically: understanding animal breeding programs, animal husbandry, reproductive management, and nutrient conversion, and assessing business models and application of animal management strategies. In future semesters with unrestricted swine access for teaching, live-animal handling will be emphasized in the syllabus, yet preservation of effective classroom-based laboratories will persist. These methods have value for instructors operating without campus swine resources and those whose laboratory content has been impacted by COVID-19 disruption.
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Kelder, Steve, Deanna M. Hoelscher, Cristina S. Barroso, Joey L. Walker, Peter Cribb, and Shaohua Hu. "The CATCH Kids Club: a pilot after-school study for improving elementary students’ nutrition and physical activity." Public Health Nutrition 8, no. 2 (April 2005): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2004678.
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AbstractBackgroundAlthough many school-based diet and physical activity interventions have been designed and evaluated, relatively few have been tested for the after-school setting. After-school day-care programmes at either elementary schools or private locations provide a ready-made opportunity for health programmes that may be difficult to incorporate into an already-full school day. The purpose of this paper is to report on a pilot study of an after-school adaptation of the CATCH (Coordinated Approach To Child Health) elementary school programme called the CATCH Kids Club (CKC).MethodsThe CKC was pilot-tested and formatively evaluated in 16 Texas after-school programmes: eight in El Paso and eight in Austin (four intervention and four reference sites each). Evaluation consisted of direct observation of moderate to vigorous physical activity during play time, self-reported food intake and physical activity, and focus group interviews with after-school programme staff.ResultsStudents responded well to the physical activity and snack components and were less interested in the five-module education component. Routine staff training was a key variable in achieving proper implementation; the ideal would be a full day with repeated follow-up model teaching visits. Staff turnover was a logistic issue, as was programme leader readiness and interest in conducting the programme. Strong and significant effects were observed for the physical activity but not for the education component. The results of the physical education component suggest it is feasible, effective and ready for larger-scale evaluation or dissemination.
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Ilodibia, Chinyere, Ngozi Igboabuchi, and Winifred Onwuachu. "Evaluation of vegetative and yield attributes of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) for adaptation in Anambra State, Nigeria." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 2 (November 26, 2016): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6851.
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Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) MOENCH, a fasting growing annual herb, cultivated for its young fruit and valued as an important vegetable in tropical and sub- tropical regions. Adequate production of okra is yet to be achieved especially in Anambra State due to certain factors such as non- utilization of improved cultivar, environmental conditions and inadequate cultural practices. Due to the importance of this vegetable to Nigerian diet, sustainable production is adequate to meet up with the increasing population and the country’s economic recession. Vegetative and yield attributes of five cultivars of okra were evaluated for adaptation in Anambra State during 2014/2015 cropping season at the Department of Agricultural Education Teaching and Research Farm, Nwafor Orizu College of Education Nsugbe, Anambra State. A randomized complete block design, replicated three times was used. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA. Results showed significant differences (P<0.05) among the cultivars evaluated in both vegetative and yield attributes. Cultivar LD-88 had higher yield when compared to other cultivars evaluated. It is therefore recommended to farmers for sustainable okra production in the study area.
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Trindade, V. M. T., J. L. M. Menegasso, and C. G. Salbergo. "Vitamins and Coenzymes: An Interactive Study." Revista de Ensino de Bioquímica 17 (September 13, 2019): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.16923/reb.v17i0.888.
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Introduction: Vitamins form a group of organic micronutrients without chemical relation, whose biosynthesis in humans is nonexistent or insufficient, being required in the diet. They have specific cellular functions and are precursors of coenzymes in the intermediate metabolism. They are classified as water-soluble and lipid-soluble. Water-soluble substances are subdivided into the group known as "non-complex B" and "B complex". The last one has three subgroups: vitamins that act on the energy metabolism (B1, B2, B3, B5 and B7), vitamins that act on hematopoietic metabolism (B9, and B12) and others (B6). Objectives: Considering the scarcity of interactive materials in the subject, this educational object aims to present interactively B vitamins showing: their chemical structures with their respective coenzyme forms, the reactions in which they are involved, their action mechanisms, food sources and consequences of their deficiencies. Materials and Methods: This material was developed with PHP web language, associated with HTML, CSS and Javascript for the creation and insertion of figures, hypertexts and animations. A questionnaire about interactivity, functionality and esthetics characteristics and general information levels was used for its evaluation. Results and Discussion: This educational resource presents web page properties, including the possibility of access by mobile devices. It is composed by flaps referring to the visual identity, tutorial and credits, followed by a start button that reveals a menu subdivided into 10 flaps corresponding to a conceptual introductory text, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12 and an interactive questionnaire (www.ufrgs.br/vitaminas-b). The functionality, design, language, and interactivity characteristics were rated as excellent by 80% of basic biochemistry students. Conclusion: This digital educational resource can be considered an adequate teaching-learning tool, easily accessible to students in the health area, as well as to the general public.
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Altınay, Fahriye, Mehmet Altınay, Gokmen Dagli, and Zehra Altınay. "A study of knowledge management systems processes and technology in open and distance education institutions in higher education." International Journal of Information and Learning Technology 36, no. 4 (August 5, 2019): 314–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijilt-02-2019-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the implementation and evaluation of knowledge management and e-transformation strategies of higher educational institutions in distance education. After an evaluation of higher educational practices in different countries, distance education was considered a different strategy and was emphasized as an advantage in competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach The study reflects a case study in the context of qualitative research. A written view report was conducted to evaluate the awareness of digital efficiency and roles of the teachers in learning environments and evaluation processes in the organizational structure. The qualitative data were evaluated through Nvivo qualitative data analysis. When the literature is overviewed, it can be observed that there are limited studies in this field. Findings As a result, distance education contributes a lot to providing equal opportunities in education. It is of great importance that individuals are aware of their roles in the process of accessibility, institutional support, technological infrastructure, support provided for students, learning-teaching environments and evaluation of distance education programs based on equality and life-long learning. In applications of different countries evaluated by Salmon et al. (2014) based on Carpe Diem Model, it is argued that knowledge management and sharing, the role of teachers and digital capability in distance education applications are crucial. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to 35 research participants. Practical implications Internationalization has become an important issue in higher educational activities. Social implications Diffusion of the uses of knowledge management practice in distance education is important. Originality/value The study has a great value on the use of international perspectives and the Carpe Diem Model for the evaluation.
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Bouterakos, M., A. Booth, D. Khokhar, M. West, C. Margerison, K. J. Campbell, C. A. Nowson, and C. A. Grimes. "A qualitative investigation of school age children, their parents and school staff on their participation in the Digital Education to LImit Salt in the Home (DELISH) program." Health Education Research 35, no. 4 (July 6, 2020): 283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyaa015.
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Abstract This study explored the views of participants who completed a 5-week, online, interactive, family-based, salt reduction education program (Digital Education to LImit Salt in the Home). A secondary aim was to explore the views of school staff on the delivery of food and nutrition education in schools. Children aged 7–10 years, their parents and principals/teachers from participating schools located in Victoria, Australia, completed a semi-structured evaluation interview. Audio-recordings of interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed using NVivo. Twenty-eight interviews (13 children; 11 parents; 4 school staff) were included. Thematic analysis revealed that the program was well received by all groups. Children reported that the interactivity of the education sessions helped them to learn. Parents thought the program was interesting and important, and reported learning skills to reduce salt in the family diet. School staff supported the delivery of nutrition education in schools but indicated difficulties in sourcing well-packed nutrition resources aligned with the curriculum. It appears that there is support from parents and teachers in the delivery of innovative, engaging, nutrition education in schools, however such programs need to be of high quality, aligned with the school curriculum and readily available for incorporation within the school’s teaching program.
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Jaison, Riya, Suja Abraham, Mary Sruthy Johny, Vasant Pk, and Lakshmi R. "ASSESSMENT OF TREATMENT OUTCOME IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS APPROACHING A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2018): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i5.25012.
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Objectives: The main objectives of the study were to determine the treatment outcome of tuberculosis (TB) patients in a tertiary care hospital, factors associated with the success of treatment, the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with anti-tubercular drugs, and the causality and severity evaluation of ADRs.Methods: It was a prospective study conducted for 10 months to evaluate the treatment outcome in TB patients in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala, India. A total of 101 patients were studied as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatment outcome analyzed according to the WHO guidelines, causality and severity assessment was done by Naranjo and HARTWID-SIEGEL scale, respectively. A standardized data collection form was prepared, and necessary data were collected from patient’s medical records.Results: A total of 101 patients mostly in the age group of 30–50 years were male population dominates pulmonary TB (PTB) was seen in 57 (56.43%) extra PTB in 44 (43.57%) in which pleural effusion TB was common (34.09%) other types were lymph node TB (15.74%), spine TB, TB meningitis (9.09% each), bone TB (6.481%) treatment outcome found to be success in 85 (84%) 10 (10%)treatment completed 1 (1%) died 4 were defaulters, 1 not evaluated, 82 developed ADR. On causality assessment it was possible and severity of moderate level.Conclusion: By proper management and monitoring TB can be completely cured, and most of them have a favorable outcome with current treatment, and ADR can be managed by providing proper awareness of treatment modalities/disease.
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Angeles, Patricia, Yolanda Wang, Alexandra Heidl, Biagina-Carla Farnesi, Angela Alberga, and Tamara Cohen. "Suitability of a Post-Operative Bariatric Nutrition Education Tool." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab055_004.
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Abstract Objectives While bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for individuals living with severe obesity, adhering to dietary requirements, especially protein requirements, can be a challenge. This study aims to examine the suitability of a nutrition-based education tool called “Protein Cards” that is focused on recipes high in protein to support individuals who have completed the surgery. Methods An online survey (23 questions) was developed using an adapted version of the Suitability Assessment of Materials (SAM) instrument along with two additional questions about the participants’ overall impression of the Protein Cards. Sample recipe cards were shown on each page of the survey. Participants were asked to rate the Protein Cards (“Not Suitable”, “Adequate”, or “Superior”) on: Content, Literacy Demand, Graphic Illustrations, Layout & Typography, Learning Stimulation & Motivation, and Cultural Appropriateness. Additionally, participants rated Overall Impression on a scale of 0 to 100. The survey was distributed over email to Canadian bariatric patients (adolescents and adults), dietitians, healthcare workers, and caregivers. Results Twenty participants registered to participate in the survey (Sept 2020-Jan 2021) but only fifteen participants completed the entire survey. Preliminary results revealed “Superior” scores for Content (83%), Learning & Stimulation (81%), Layout & Typography (89%), Literacy Demand (76%), and Cultural Appropriateness (78%). Overall, the recipe cards obtained an average score of 81%, which is considered as a “Superior” evaluation. Participants expressed that they were more likely to use the education tool during the “purée" (82%) and “soft diet” (78%) phases of the post-surgical diet and would prefer if the tool took on the form of a mobile application (85%). Conclusions The Protein Cards are considered a superior education tool that could be helpful when teaching and learning about foods high in protein for the post-operative stages of bariatric surgery. Future work will involve testing the tool in practice with both adolescent and adult patients as a means to increase adherence to post-operative nutrition requirements. Funding Sources University of British Columbia, Faculty of Land and Food Systems.
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Basnet, Sahisnuta, Sandip Kumar Singh, Brijesh Sathian, and Rajnish Mishra. "Reference Ranges for Hematological Values in Umbilical Cord Blood in Pokhara, Nepal." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 36, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v36i2.15605.
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Correction: Due to an error in loading the metadata, the author Sahisnuta Basnet was omitted. Sahisnuta Basnet was therefore added to the metadata on 9th January 2017. The PDF was correct.Introduction: Reference hematological values in newborns are informative in evaluation of newborns to determine state of health or disease. For a given population, reference values may differ in accordance with various factors such as age, sex, race, diet, drug intake, altitude, socio-economic status and also the method employed for determination of the values. The aim of this study was to establish reference ranges of complete blood count using umbilical cord blood of normal, healthy, full term neonates born in Manipal Teaching Hospital (MTH), Pokhara, Nepal.Material and Method: The study was conducted in 210 full term, healthy newborns delivered in MTH between Jan 2014 to Feb 2015. Cord blood was collected and a complete blood count was obtained using an automated hematology analyzer.Result: Mean hemoglobin was 15.24 ± 1.96 gm/dl and mean red blood cell count was 4.30 ± 0.63 (range 3.05 – 6.36) X 1012/L. Mean white blood cell count was 14.93 ± 4.44 (range 6.10 ± 31.7) X 109/L and platelet count was 226.88 ± 61.28 (range 105 ± 392) X 109/L. There was no significant difference found in hemoglobin, red cell, white cell and platelet counts between males and females in this study.Conclusion: The values obtained from our study provide ranges for some hematological values in healthy newborns of Pokhara Nepal. However, the hematological reference values for Nepalese cord blood needs to be confirmed by larger numbers of samples from different centers of Nepal.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):160-164.
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Ferreira-Sae, Maria-Carolina S., Maria-Cecilia BJ Gallani, Wilson Nadruz, Roberta CM Rodrigues, Kleber G. Franchini, Poliana C. Cabral, and Maria Lilian Sales. "Reliability and validity of a semi-quantitative FFQ for sodium intake in low-income and low-literacy Brazilian hypertensive subjects." Public Health Nutrition 12, no. 11 (May 28, 2009): 2168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980009005825.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reliability and validity of an FFQ to evaluate dietary patterns of Na consumption among low-income and low-literacy Brazilian hypertensive subjects.DesignThe initial FFQ was submitted to content analysis with the pre-test administered to fifteen subjects. Reliability was evaluated according to the reproducibility criterion, with interviewer administration of the FFQ twice within a 15 d interval. Validity was assessed against a 24 h recall (132 subjects), a 3 d diet record (121 subjects) and a biomarker (24 h urinary Na; 121 subjects). To test the correlation with the biomarker, discretionary salt was added to the FFQ Na values.SettingA large urban teaching hospital in south-eastern Brazil.SubjectsThe study was based on 132 randomly selected subjects (eighty-three women and forty-nine men) aged 18 to 85 years.ResultsKappa coefficients ranged from 0·79 to 0·98, confirming the reproducibility of the FFQ. There was no correlation between urinary Na excretion, the FFQ and the 24 h recall for the general sample, although significant correlations had been observed when methods were summed up (24 h recall + discretionary salt + FFQ; 0·32, P = 0·01). The addition of discretionary salt significantly improved the biomarker-based FFQ validity, with correlation coefficients varying from 0·19 (general sample) to 0·31 (female sub-sample).ConclusionsThe developed FFQ demonstrated satisfactory evidence of validity and reliability and can be used as an important complementary tool for the evaluation of Na intake among Brazilian hypertensive subjects.
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Nkana, J. Gwladys Kontchiachou, Nathalie Ngouopo Mweugang, Soh Bah Germanus, Yam Alphonsius Semi, Paulette Ntsafack, Chistian Awantu, Christophe Temoa Wangba, Marie Noel Bertine Noumbissi, France Gina Tobou Djoumessi, and Emile Miégoué. "Effet de quelques légumineuses fourragères sur la reproduction, la croissance et la carcasse chez les cochons d’inde (Cavia porcellus L.)." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 2 (May 12, 2020): 600–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i2.23.
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Malgré l’importance de la caviaculture en milieu rural, la maîtrise de l’alimentation des cochons d’inde reste encore un handicap à cet élevage. C’est ainsi qu’entre octobre 2018 et mars 2019, un essai a été mené à la Ferme d’Application et de Recherche (FAR) de l’Université de Dschang en vue d’évaluer l’effet de quelques légumineuses fourragères comme source de protéine dans la ration sur les performances de production du cochon d’Inde. Pour cet essai, 56 cochons d’Inde de 5 mois d’âge de race locale pesant en moyenne 450 ± 50 g nés à la FAR ont été utilisés. En effet, 48 femelles repartis en quatre lots ont été mises en croisement avec 2 mâles par lot pendant une période de 31 jours selon un dispositif factoriel. Les animaux de chaque lot recevaient la graminée ad libitum associé à 20 g/j/animal de l’aliment composé contenant ou non une légumineuse. Les résultats montrent que les tailles de la portée sont restées comparables entre les traitements. Les taux de mortalité pré et post-sevrage (15,38% et 9,10%) ainsi que le poids des cochonnets à 8 semaines les plus élevés ont été enregistrés avec la ration contenant Arachis glabrata. A la naissance et au sevrage, le poids moyen le plus élevé des cochonnets a été obtenu avec la ration contenant Desmodium intortum. Les gains de poids des cochonnets sont restés comparables entre les traitements. Les rations contenant les légumineuses ont donné des rendements carcasses, le poids du foie et celui du cæcum significativement plus élevé. Compte tenu du coût de production, les légumineuses de cette étude peuvent être utilisées comme des sources de protéine de choix pour l'amélioration des performances de production des cobayes en milieu paysan.Mots clés : Arachis glabrata, Calliandra calothyrsus, Desmodium intortum, Panicum maximum, Performances de production.
Enlgish Title: Effect of some legumes forages on reproduction, growth and carcass of Guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus L.)Despite the importance of caviaculture in rural landscape, cavie’s feeding remains a handicap for this breeding. Thus, between October 2018 and March 2019, experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Experimental Farm of University of Dschang on the evaluation of some leguminaceous plants as protein source in the diet on production performances of Guinea pig. A total of 56 adults Guinea pigs of about 5 months and 450 ± 50 g were used for the experiments. Females were first put in breeding with 8 males for a period of 31 days and then organized in a completely randomized design of four groups of 12 females each. Each group received Panicum maximum ad libitum and 20 g DM/day/animal of a diet corresponding to the group. Mains results of this study showed that no significant difference (P > 0.05) has been noticed for mean litter size. Total mortality rate was 8.33 for diet containing Calliandra calothyrsus. No mortality was registered for others groups. High pre-weaning and post-weaning mortality (15.38 and 9.10%) was obtained with treatment based on Arachis glabrata. From birth to 8th week of age, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between average live weights. Total and daily weight gains remain comparable (P > 0.05) in weaning and in post-weaning whatever the diet. Results for carcass evaluation showed that diet containing these plants as sources of protein has permitted to obtain the highest values. The same result was observed with the liver weight and cæcum. Considering the low production cost, legumes plants appear to be good protein sources for the improvement of production performances of the guinea pigs in small farmer environment.
Keywords : Arachis glabrata, Calliandra calothyrsus, Desmodium intortum, Panicum maximum, production performances.
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Bhusal, Laxman, Pratap Narayan Prasad, Yogendra Man Shakya, and Ramesh Prasad Acharya. "Base Deficit as a Predictor of Mortality in Sepsis and Septic Shock." Journal of Karnali Academy of Health Sciences 2, no. 2 (August 6, 2019): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkahs.v2i2.25166.
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Introduction: Sepsis is a common problem encountered in emergency room which needs to be intervened early. It is always difficult to have quick prognostic marker of sepsis in busy emergency. So this study was conducted to determine whether base deficit can be used as an indicator of mortality among septic patients in emergency room setup like ours.
Methods: It was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study done at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu from March 2018 to December 2018. Acute physiology and chronic health Evaluation II score (APACHE II), Base deficit, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score on first day of arrival in emergency room was calculated. The association of 28-day outcome with acute physiology and chronic Health Evaluation II score, Base deficit value and SOFA score were derived.
Results: Out of 229 patients with septic shock 62 died (27%) and among 71 patients without septic shock, 12 died (16.9%).Overall mortality was 24.66 % (n= 74).The area under the ROC curve for Base deficit(0.864;95% C.I.=0.822-0.906), APACHE II (0.782; 95% C.I=0.718-0.848, SOFA (0.689;95% C.I=0.620-0.757) were greater than 0.7 except for SOFA which signifies these test to have fair efficacy to predict mortality.
Conclusions: High base deficit value predicts mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock. The base deficit could be used as an alternate marker to predict mortality in septic patient. We recommend for large multicenter study with randomization so that the findings can be applied to general population and of different geographical situations.
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Nair, Rajeshwari, Yubo Gao, Mary Vaughan-Sarrazin, Eli N. Perencevich, Saket Girotra, and Ambarish Pandey. "828. Evaluation of Home Time as a Patient-Centered Metric for Pneumonia Hospitalizations: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Medicare Fee-For-Service Beneficiaries." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S455—S456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1017.
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Abstract Background The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) uses hospital readmission to incentivize hospital care delivery for acute conditions including pneumonia. However, current CMS performance metrics do not account for the competing risk of mortality in the post-discharge period or during the hospital stay. Our objective was to assess home time within 30 days after discharge among pneumonia hospitalizations, as a patient-centered metric. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted in a cohort of Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries admitted between 01/01/2015 and 11/30/2017. Home time was the number of days spent alive, out of an acute care setting, skilled nursing facility, or a rehabilitation facility within 30 days of discharge. If a patient spends any part of a day in a care facility or died after discharge, then that day was not included in the calculation for home time. Hospital-level rates of risk-adjusted home time were calculated using multilevel regression models. We compared hospital performance on 30-day risk-standardized home time with its performance on 30-day risk standardized readmission rate (RSRR) and mortality rate (RSMR). Characteristics of hospitals with high and low risk-adjusted home-time were compared. Results Among 1.7 million pneumonia admissions admitted to 3,116 hospitals, the median 30-day risk-standardized home time was 20.5 days (interquartile range: 18.9-21.9 days). Hospital-level characteristics such as case volume, bed size, for-profit ownership, rural location of hospital, teaching status, and participation in the bundle payment program were significantly associated with home-time. RSRR (rho: -0.233, p< 0.0001) and RSMR (rho: -0.223, p< 0.0001) had weak, inverse correlations with home time. Using the home time metric, 35.5% of hospitals were reclassified as high performers compared with their average or poor performance on the RSRR or RSMR metric. Conclusion Home time is a novel, patient-centered, hospital-level metric that can be easily calculated using claims data, accounts for differences in post-discharge mortality and can be intuitively interpreted. Utilization of this metric could potentially have policy implications in assessing hospital performance on delivery of healthcare to pneumonia patients. Disclosures Rajeshwari Nair, PhD, Merck and Company, Inc. (Research Grant or Support)
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Hendriks, Stephan V., Frederikus A. Klok, Wilhelmina J. E. Stenger, Albert T. A. Mairuhu, Jeroen Eikenboom, Jaap Fogteloo, and Menno V. Huisman. "Effectiveness and Safety of Apixaban for Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Daily Practice." TH Open 04, no. 02 (April 2020): e119-e126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1713683.
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Abstract Introduction Phase 3 trials have shown comparable efficacy of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and vitamin K antagonists in patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), with less major bleeding events in patients randomized to DOAC treatment. With DOACs being increasingly used in clinical practice, evaluation of the DOACs in daily practice-based conditions is needed to confirm their safety and effectiveness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of apixaban in VTE patients in daily practice. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, consecutive patients diagnosed with VTE in two Dutch hospitals (Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden and Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague) were identified based on administrative codes. We assessed recurrent VTE, major bleeding and mortality during a 3-month follow-up period in those treated with apixaban. Results Of 671 consecutive VTE patients treated with apixaban, 371 presented with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) and 300 patients with deep-vein thrombosis. During 3 months treatment, 2 patients had a recurrent VTE (0.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–1.1), 12 patients had major bleeding (1.8%; 95% CI: 1.0–3.2), and 11 patients died (1.6%; 95% CI: 0.9–2.9), of which one patient with recurrent PE and one because of a intracerebral bleeding. Conclusion In this daily practice-based cohort, apixaban yielded a low incidence of recurrent VTE, comparable to the phase 3 AMPLIFY study patients. The incidence of major bleeding was higher than in the AMPLIFY-study patients, reflecting the importance of daily practice evaluation and the fact that results from phase III clinical studies cannot be directly extrapolated toward daily practice.
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Lamichhane, Sabitri, Nayan Manandhar, Shailendra Dhakal, and Yagya Laxmi Shakya. "Management and Outcome of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department in a Tertiary Hospital." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnhrc.v16i2.20304.
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Background: Severe sepsis and septic shock are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and need immediate medical attention. Early recognition, fluid resuscitation and early antimicrobials are the mainstays of sepsis therapy. This study analyzed the management strategies of severe sepsis and septic shock and evaluated its impact.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients admitted through emergency department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital of Nepal, who were diagnosed with severe sepsis and septic shock.Results: A total of 85 patients were diagnosed as severe sepsis and septic shock with 45 female patients and mean age 47.69 years ranging from 18 to 83 years. Pneumonia (45.9%) was found to be the major source of infection. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics and vassopressor at emergency department were ceftriaxone (24.7%) and norepinephrine (44.7%) respectively. The mean length of stay in Emergency department was 13.01 ± 7.03 h, while it was 11.27 ± 5.26 days in hospital. A total of 31 (36.5%) septic patients died. Deceased patients were found to have greater age, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and presence of co-morbid conditions.Conclusions: This study looked in-depth on management and outcome of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock were high, but similar to other studies. Keywords:
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Lamichhane, Sabitri, Nayan Manandhar, Shailendra Dhakal, and Yagya Laxmi Shakya. "Management and Outcome of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients." Journal of Nepal Health Research Council 16, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33314/jnhrc.v16i2.985.
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Background: Severe sepsis and septic shock are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide and need immediate medical attention. Early recognition, fluid resuscitation and early antimicrobials are the mainstays of sepsis therapy. This study analyzed the management strategies of severe sepsis and septic shock and evaluated its impact.Methods: A prospective study was conducted on patients admitted through emergency department of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital of Nepal, who were diagnosed with severe sepsis and septic shock.Results: A total of 85 patients were diagnosed as severe sepsis and septic shock with 45 female patients and mean age 47.69 years ranging from 18 to 83 years. Pneumonia (45.9%) was found to be the major source of infection. The most commonly prescribed antibiotics and vassopressor at emergency department were ceftriaxone (24.7%) and norepinephrine (44.7%) respectively. The mean length of stay in Emergency department was 13.01 ± 7.03 h, while it was 11.27 ± 5.26 days in hospital. A total of 31 (36.5%) septic patients died. Deceased patients were found to have greater age, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score and presence of co-morbid conditions.Conclusions: This study looked in-depth on management and outcome of patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Mortality from severe sepsis and septic shock were high, but similar to other studies.Keywords: Antimicrobial therapy; emergency department; mortality; septic shock; severe sepsis.
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Robinson, Robert, and Tamer Hudali. "The HOSPITAL score and LACE index as predictors of 30 day readmission in a retrospective study at a university-affiliated community hospital." PeerJ 5 (March 29, 2017): e3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3137.
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IntroductionHospital readmissions are common, expensive, and a key target of the Medicare Value Based Purchasing (VBP) program. Validated risk assessment tools such as the HOSPITAL score and LACE index have been developed to identify patients at high risk of hospital readmission so they can be targeted for interventions aimed at reducing the rate of readmission. This study aims to evaluate the utility of HOSPITAL score and LACE index for predicting hospital readmission within 30 days in a moderate-sized university affiliated hospital in the midwestern United States.Materials and MethodsAll adult medical patients who underwent one or more ICD-10 defined procedures discharged from the SIU-SOM Hospitalist service from Memorial Medical Center (MMC) from October 15, 2015 to March 16, 2016, were studied retrospectively to determine if the HOSPITAL score and LACE index were a significant predictors of hospital readmission within 30 days.ResultsDuring the study period, 463 discharges were recorded for the hospitalist service. The analysis includes data for the 432 discharges. Patients who died during the hospital stay, were transferred to another hospital, or left against medical advice were excluded. Of these patients, 35 (8%) were readmitted to the same hospital within 30 days. A receiver operating characteristic evaluation of the HOSPITAL score for this patient population shows a C statistic of 0.75 (95% CI [0.67–0.83]), indicating good discrimination for hospital readmission. The Brier score for the HOSPITAL score in this setting was 0.069, indicating good overall performance. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test shows a χ2value of 3.71 with apvalue of 0.59. A receiver operating characteristic evaluation of the LACE index for this patient population shows a C statistic of 0.58 (95% CI [0.48–0.68]), indicating poor discrimination for hospital readmission. The Brier score for the LACE index in this setting was 0.082, indicating good overall performance. The Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness of fit test shows a χ2value of 4.97 with apvalue of 0.66.DiscussionThis single center retrospective study indicates that the HOSPITAL score has superior discriminatory ability when compared to the LACE index as a predictor of hospital readmission within 30 days at a medium-sized university-affiliated teaching hospital.ConclusionsThe internationally validated HOSPITAL score may be superior to the LACE index in moderate-sized community hospitals to identify patients at high risk of hospital readmission within 30 days.
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Onalo, Richard, Hassan Mshalia Ishiaka, and Williams Nuhu Ogala. "Prevalence and outcome of neonatal tetanus in Zaria, Northwestern Nigeria." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 04 (March 4, 2011): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1666.
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Introduction: Neonatal tetanus is a highly debilitating disease with high mortality. Global efforts at eliminating the disease in developing countries are yielding results but slower than expected. The high case fatality of neonatal tetanus remains a therapeutic challenge to physicians and requires continuous evaluation. This study aimed to determine the incidence and outcome of neonatal tetanus in Zaria, northwestern Nigeria. Methodology: A retrospective study of neonatal tetanus was conducted at the Neonatal Unit of Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, between January 2005 and December 2009. Data generated were analyzed using the Epi Info version 3.5.1 software and statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 2,692 newborns admitted during the study period, 20 had tetanus, giving an overall prevalence of 0.7%. There were 14 males and 6 females (male to female ratio 2.3:1). The mean age and weight at presentation were 8.3 ± 4.0 days and 2.7 ± 0.3 kg, respectively. The mean incubation period was 3.2 ± 2.0 days. Four infants (20.0%) survived, one was discharged against medical advice and 15 (75.0%) died. Factors associated with mortality were presentation at less than seven days of life, low Hendrickse score at presentation (p = 0.0005) and hypoglycaemia (p = 0.0374). Conclusion: The incidence and the mortality rate of neonatal tetanus appear to be lower than those previously reported by our centre for the same region. Therefore, the ongoing global efforts for disease elimination and further improvements in the quality of care should be sustained.
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Lee, CK, and TH Rainer. "Application of APACHE II in the Assessment, Classification of Severity and Predictive Ability of Chinese Patients Presenting to an Emergency Department Resuscitation Room." Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 9, no. 4 (October 2002): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102490790200900402.
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Objectives To evaluate the use of APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Status Evaluation) in Chinese patients managed in the resuscitation room of an Accident & Emergency Department of one of the teaching hospitals in Hong Kong. Design Prospective study on Chinese patients. Setting Resuscitation Room in an Accident & Emergency Department of a university hospital in Hong Kong. Patients and measurements Consecutive patients managed in the resuscitation room between 14th August, 2000 and 20th August 2000 (excluding patients younger than 18 years old and patients who were not admitted to hospital after initial assessment and treatment). For each patient, demographic data, diagnosis, the chronic health points, and the worst physiological parameters in the A&E resuscitation room were recorded. The total APACHE II scores and the probability of death were calculated. The accuracy of APACHE II for predicting group mortality was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and linear regression analysis. Results Of the 88 patients included in the study, 13 (15%) died and 75 (85%) survived. Significant factors associated with mortality included age, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial pH, serum sodium, Glasgow coma score, and chronic health points. For the three scoring subdivisions of APACHE II – total APS score, age points and chronic health points – higher mean values were found in those patients who died compared with patients who survived. Using logistic regression analysis, the APACHE II score determined in the emergency resuscitation room is a strong predictor of mortality (r2=0.712). At a cut off score of >28 the sensitivity is 100.0% (95% CI 100.0–100.0), specificity is 68.0% (95% CI 56.2–78.3), positive likelihood ratio is 3.13, positive predictive value is 35.1 and negative likelihood ratio is 100.0. Analysis of the ROC curve reveals an area under the curve of 0.910 (95% CI 0.829–0.960). In patients not admitted to ICU, there was a positive correlation between APACHE score and length of hospital stay in patient who survived (r=0.320, P=0.0075) and a negative correlation between APACHE score and length of hospital stay in patients who died (r=-0.760, P=0.0225). Conclusions The APACHE II scoring system may be usefully applied in emergency departments for predicting mortality, for classifying and assessing severity of disease, for evaluating performance and for planning departmental resource allocation.
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Ahmed, Masoom, Robert Cutuli, and Fazluz Zaman. "Students’ Evaluation of Teaching : An Empirical Study." Oman Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review 3, no. 2 (September 2013): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0002368.
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Bonell, C., F. Jamal, A. Harden, H. Wells, W. Parry, A. Fletcher, M. Petticrew, et al. "Systematic review of the effects of schools and school environment interventions on health: evidence mapping and synthesis." Public Health Research 1, no. 1 (June 2013): 1–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/phr01010.
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BackgroundIn contrast to curriculum-based health education interventions in schools, the school environment approach promotes health by modifying schools' physical/social environment. This systematic review reports on the health effects of the school environment and processes by which these might occur. It includes theories, intervention outcome and process evaluations, quantitative studies and qualitative studies.Research questionsResearch question (RQ)1: What theories are used to inform school environment interventions or explain school-level health influences? What testable hypotheses are suggested? RQ2: What are the effects on student health/inequalities of school environment interventions addressing organisation/management; teaching/pastoral care/discipline; and the physical environment? What are the costs? RQ3: How feasible/acceptable and context dependent are such interventions? RQ4: What are the effects on student health/inequalities of school-level measures of organisation/management; teaching/pastoral care/discipline; and the physical environment? RQ5: Through what processes might such influences occur?Data sourcesA total of 16 databases were searched between 30 July 2010 and 23 September 2010 to identify relevant studies, including the British Educational Index, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, the Health Management Information Consortium, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. In addition, references of included studies were checked and authors contacted.Review methodsIn stage 1, we mapped references concerning how the school environment affects health and consulted stakeholders to identify stage 2 priorities. In stage 2, we undertook five reviews corresponding to our RQs.ResultsStage 1: A total of 82,775 references were retrieved and 1144 were descriptively mapped. Stage 2: A total of 24 theories were identified (RQ1). The human functioning and school organisation, social capital and social development theories were judged most useful. Ten outcome evaluations were included (RQ2). Four US randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and one UK quasi-experimental study examined interventions building school community/relationships. Studies reported benefits for some, but not all outcomes (e.g. aggression, conflict resolution, emotional health). Two US RCTs assessed interventions empowering students to contribute to modifying food/physical activity environments, reporting benefits for physical activity but not for diet. Three UK quasi-experimental evaluations examined playground improvements, reporting mixed findings, with benefits being greater for younger children and longer break times. Six process evaluations (RQ3) reported positively. One study suggested that implementation was facilitated when this built on existing ethos and when senior staff were supportive. We reviewed 42 multilevel studies, confining narrative synthesis to 10 that appropriately adjusted for confounders. Four UK/US reports suggested that schools with higher value-added attainment/attendance had lower rates of substance use and fighting. Three reports from different countries examined school policies on smoking/alcohol, with mixed results. One US study found that schools with more unobservable/unsupervised places reported increased substance use. Another US study reported that school size, age structure and staffing ratio did not correlate with student drinking. Twenty-one qualitative reports from different countries (RQ5) suggested that disengagement, lack of safety and lack of participation in decisions may predispose students to engage in health risks.LimitationsWe found no evidence regarding health inequalities or cost, and could not undertake meta-analysis.ConclusionsThere is non-definitive evidence for the feasibility and effectiveness of school environment interventions involving community/relationship building, empowering student participation in modifying schools' food/physical activity environments, and playground improvements. Multilevel studies suggest that schools that add value educationally may promote student health. Qualitative studies suggest pathways underlying these effects. This evidence lends broad support to theories of social development, social capital and human functioning and school organisation. Further trials to examine the effects of school environment modifications on student health are recommended.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Public Health Research programme.
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Xie, Bo Yang, and De Cai Zhao. "Study Online Course Evaluation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 2187–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.2187.
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[Objective] This paper investigates new Web-based course content in the Networkenvironment, the role of curriculum evaluation and significance, the evaluation methods, processes,and should adhere to the principles of the network. [Process and methods] The process and methodsare compared with the traditional environment through experimental research, theoretical researchand system analysis combined with the digital network environment, access to experimental controlwith a combination of survey methods. [Results] It focuses on teaching content, learning resourcesand resides among the contents of teaching strategies and learning strategies of evaluation,involving students, teachers, learning materials, online teaching support systems, learning supportand service system in each part. evaluation of online courses plays a guiding role in guiding thedesign and development of online courses in the right direction; By analyzing the course of learningresources, learning process and its causes, we can determine its effectiveness, shortcomings,contradictions and problems and find out the reasons, ways and measures for improvements. canimprove the network quality of the course and optimize teaching. [Conclusion] Online courseteaching evaluation of network can provide reliable protection and guidance function, and it is astrong fulcrum in the whole systems engineering courses and online teaching.
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Letarte, Nathalie, France Varin, Daniel Froment, Elaine Pelletier, Benoit Bailey, Martin Turgeon, Benoit Cossette, et al. "Descriptive Analysis and Review of Utilization of Rituximab In the Maintenance Treatment of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma In Five University Teaching Hospitals In Quebec, Canada." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1511.1511.
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Abstract Abstract 1511 Background: Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20 receptors widely used in the treatment of non-hodgkin lymphoma, is now being used in various indications, on and off-label. For five University Hospitals in Quebec, Canada, rituximab represents more than 10% of the total drug expenses. Pharmacy managers gave the Therapeutic Drug Management Program (TDMP – www.pgtm.qc.ca) the mandate to evaluate rituximab use in those centers. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to describe rituximab use for all indications in our hospitals and to review the utilization of rituximab in maintenance therapy for follicular lymphoma according to predefined criteria. Methods: A review of pharmacy databases was performed to identify patients who received rituximab between April 1st 2008 and March 31st 2009. Every patient file containing rituximab was reviewed. Patients’ medical records were also reviewed for pathology and side effects. No sampling was performed. Results: At least one dose of rituximab was administered to 797 adult patients during the study period. Median age was 62. The most frequent indications were follicular lymphoma (36%) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (26%) followed by chronic lymphoid leukemia (CLL) (8%). Various off label indications, including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic anemia and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia, represented 30% of our population. At the time of data analysis, 42% of patients were still treated with rituximab, 45% had finished their planned treatment and 6% had discontinued treatment because of adverse events or disease progression. Thirty-eight patients (4.8%) died during the study period. Rituximab was also used in 41 pediatric patients for various indications, mostly for nephrotic syndrome (27%). The evaluation of patients outcome for off-label indications could not be performed due to the complexity, variety and chronic courses of diseases treated. For the 232 patients receiving rituximab as maintenance therapy, only 76% of patients had follicular lymphoma. Of these, 53% received rituximab maintenance after first-line treatment with R-CVP and 19% after R-CHOP. Only one patient receiving maintenance treatment stopped therapy because of disease progression. No death was reported. Conformity to utilization criteria was excellent for dose and frequency (100% and 99%) but lower for duration and indication (87 % and 70%). Of note, 13% exceeded the planned two years treatment length and fourteen patients received maintenance therapy following induction chemotherapy for CLL. Conclusions: Rituximab was used in various on and off label indications and utilization criteria should be developed and followed in each centers. Pharmacy and therapeutics committees should also request an annual summary of efficacy and security for the off-label indications. Almost a third of patients treated with maintenance rituximab did not receive it for follicular lymphoma. A review of the literature should be performed and recommendations be made for other indications for maintenance treatment. Disclosures: Off Label Use: review of utilisation or rituximab: non hematologic indications.
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Ahmmad, Be Nazir, Fazlur Rahman, Naznin Parvin, Md Shamsul Alam, Shitangshu Banerjee, and Md Belal Uddin. "Disease Profile and Death Pattern among the Children Admitted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital." TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association 34, no. 1 (July 19, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/taj.v34i1.54906.
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Background: Rajshahi medical college hospital is a tertiary care teaching and referral center in the North-West part of Bangladesh. To assess the epidemiological trend in hospital admission, including morbidity and mortality pattern of illness in the pediatric population, it needs to develop effective health care planning, appropriate resource allocation, and integration of existing health care service facilities.
Objective: To evaluate the diseases and deaths of children admitted in the department of pediatrics, Rajshahi medical college hospital, Rajshahi.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study. The collected case records of all patients admitted in the department of pediatrics from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2019 (3 years) were analyzed. Result: A total of 62000 children were admitted during the mentioned study period. All the patients were distributed into three age groups infant, under five, and more than five, contributing 22%, 27.5%, and 19%, respectively. Acute watery diarrhea (21%), hereditary hemolytic anemia (18%), bronchopneumonia (10.4%), acute gastritis (9.4%), and acute bronchiolitis and wheezy child (7.17%) were the top five diseases in each of the three years of admission. Among the total admitted patients, 1003 (1.61%) patients died. Infant, under five, and more than five age groups constitute 61.3%, 28.1%, and 15.1%, respectively. Encephalitis and fulminant hepatic failure found the top two diseases causing death with a case fatality rate was 61% and 43%, respectively. The next highest case fatality rate was found in acute leukemia (15%). Other common causes of death include meningitis, cerebral palsy with complications (7.5%), bronchopneumonia with complications (3.8%).
Conclusion: An admission-related comprehensive evaluation of this study will help to understand the diseases and death patterns of a hospital, leading to the development of more effective planning and case management strategies.
TAJ 2021; 34: No-1: 55-62
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Hoffman-Pennesi, Dana, Judith Spungen, P. Isaac Rabbani, Stephanie Briguglio, and Mark Wirtz. "Evaluation of U.S. Total Diet Study Data on Selenium." Procedia Food Science 4 (2015): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2015.06.012.
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Avegliano, Roseane Pagliaro, Vera Akiko Maihara, and Fábio Fernando da Silva. "A Brazilian Total Diet Study: Evaluation of essential elements." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 24, no. 7 (November 2011): 1009–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2011.01.017.
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Johnson, Dana M. "Teaching effectiveness as measured by student evaluation of teaching: an empirical study." International Journal of Information and Operations Management Education 4, no. 3/4 (2011): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijiome.2011.044564.
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Blyth, Annie, Vivienne Maskrey, Caitlin Notley, Garry R. Barton, Tracey J. Brown, Paul Aveyard, Richard Holland, et al. "Effectiveness and economic evaluation of self-help educational materials for the prevention of smoking relapse: randomised controlled trial." Health Technology Assessment 19, no. 59 (July 2015): 1–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta19590.
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BackgroundMost people who quit smoking successfully for a short period will return to smoking again in 12 months. A previous exploratory meta-analysis indicated that self-help booklets may be effective for smoking relapse prevention in unaided quitters.ObjectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a set of self-help educational booklets to prevent smoking relapse in people who had stopped smoking with the aid of behavioural support.DesignThis is an open, randomised controlled trial and qualitative process evaluation. Trial participants were randomly allocated to one of two groups, using a simple randomisation process without attempts to stratify by participant characteristics. The participant allocation was ‘concealed’ because the recruitment of quitters occurred before the random allocation.SettingShort-term quitters were recruited from NHS Stop Smoking Clinics, and self-help educational materials were posted to study participants at home.ParticipantsA total of 1407 carbon monoxide (CO)-validated quitters at 4 weeks after quit date in NHS Stop Smoking Clinics. The trial excluded pregnant women and quitters who were not able to read the educational materials in English.InterventionsParticipants in the experimental group (n = 703) received a set of eight revisedForever Freebooklets, and participants in the control group (n = 704) received a single leaflet that is currently given to NHS patients.Main outcome measuresFollow-up telephone interviews were conducted 3 and 12 months after quit date. The primary outcome was prolonged, CO-verified abstinence from months 4 to 12 during which time no more than five cigarettes were smoked. The secondary outcomes included self-reported abstinence during the previous 7 days at 3 and 12 months, CO-verified abstinence at 12 months, costs (NHS and NHS and participant medication costs perspectives) and quality-adjusted life-years. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to investigate effect-modifying variables. A simultaneous qualitative process evaluation was conducted to help interpret the trial results.ResultsData from 1404 participants were used for the final analysis, after excluding three participants who died before the 12-month follow-up. The proportion with prolonged abstinence from months 4 to 12 after quit date was 36.9% in the intervention group and 38.6% in the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups (odds ratio 0.93, 95% confidence interval 0.75 to 1.15;p = 0.509). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in secondary smoking outcomes. People who reported knowing risky situations for relapse and using strategies to handle urges to smoke were less likely to relapse. However, there were no differences between the groups in the proportion of participants who reported that they knew any more about coping skills, and no differences in reported use of strategies to cope with urges to smoke between the trial groups. The qualitative study found that some quitters considered self-help booklets unhelpful for smoking relapse prevention, although positive feedback by participants was common.ConclusionsAmong quitters who had stopped smoking with the aid of intensive behavioural support, there was no significant difference in the likelihood of smoking relapse between those who subsequently received a set of eight revisedForever Freebooklets and those who received a single leaflet. Although many people had suboptimal strategies to prevent relapse and most relapsed, theForever Freebooklets proved an ineffective medium for teaching them the skills to prevent relapse. Further research should focus on interventions that may increase the use of coping skills when required.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN36980856.FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 19, No. 59. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Kim, ShinYoung. "An Evaluation Study on Teaching Practicum in Secondary Schools." Korean Society for Educational Evaluation 31, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 831–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.31158/jeev.2018.31.4.831.
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Wen, Shi-Hao, Jing-Song Xu, Jan D. Carline, Fei Zhong, Yi-Jun Zhong, and Sheng-Juan Shen. "Effects of a teaching evaluation system: a case study." International Journal of Medical Education 2 (February 26, 2011): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4d66.910e.
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GUO Limei. "Study on Weight Assignment in Classroom Teaching Evaluation System." Journal of Convergence Information Technology 7, no. 16 (September 30, 2012): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol7.issue16.65.
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Khorsandi, M., A. Kobra, M. Ghobadzadeh, M. Kalantari, and M. Seifei. "Online vs. Traditional Teaching Evaluation: A Cross-Sectional Study." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 46 (2012): 481–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.05.145.
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Malla, KK, T. Malla, and KS Rao. "Bacteriological Profile of Sepsis Outbreak in the NICU of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Western Nepal." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 33, no. 1 (June 14, 2013): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7016.
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Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is a serious problem for the neonates who are admitted to the intensive care and outbreak of sepsis is not uncommon. This paper aims to describe a sepsis outbreak as a result of too many admissions, overcrowding of babies with limited working staffs in the unit and compares microorganisms with their antibiogram in newborn and environmental samples. Materials and Methods: Prospective observational study from 1st April -15th August 2011 in Neonatal Intensive Care unit of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara and included all babies admitted for sepsis. Results: There were 103 (57.22%) episodes of neonatal septicemia (Term =47.8%; Preterm = 84.8% p<0.001), 14/20, 70% of whom died of sepsis. 47.52% had early onset sepsis and 52.42% had late onset sepsis and 39.8% had nosocomial infection. The predominant isolates in newborn (NB) were E. coli, staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia and in environmental sample it was Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus. aureus. Imipenem, Vancomycin, Netilmycin, Tobramycin and chloramphenicol were sensitive (S-100%) while Carbenicillin and Piperacillin, Ampicillin, most cephalosporins, Penicillin were resistant (R-100%) to organisms in newborn and environmental samples. Other S-100% antibiotics for newborn were Ceftazidime, Ciprofloxacin and Gentamycin while S-100% for environmental sample isolates were Cephoperazone, Cloxacillin, Cefuroxime and Tetracycline. Other (R – 100%) antibiotics for newborn were Amoxicillin and Amoxyclav and for environmental sample were Gentamycin and Erythromycin. Conclusions: Sepsis is a severe problem for neonates. Periodic evaluation of bacterial antibiotic susceptibility and judicious selection of antibiotics is necessary to reduce the resurgence of multidrug resistant strains. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v33i1.7016 J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2013;33(1):8-14.
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Kim, Nayu. "A Study of Assessment Tool for Communicative Language Teaching-Based on Case Study of English Teaching Evaluation." Studies in Modern Grammar 106 (June 30, 2020): 183–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.14342/smog.2020.106.183.
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Lee, Soo-Jeong. "A Study on Teaching Evaluation Criteria for Teaching Professional Growth of Technology·Home economics teacher." Journal of Korean Practical Arts Education 14, no. 2 (June 2008): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.17055/jpaer.2008.14.2.197.
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Demir, Burak. "Evaluation of social studies teaching textbooks." International Journal of Learning and Teaching 12, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/ijlt.v12i1.4563.
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In this study it is aimed to examine social studies textbooks of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus 6th and 7th grade students in terms of content analysis. The population of the research model is constituted by social studies textbooks of 6th and 7th Grades of 5 secondary schools that were found appropriate by Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education Board of Education and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Ministry of Education Board of Education. In the research, the books were evaluated on the scale by using the content analysis evaluation scale. The scale consists of three likert. The rating of the scale was calculated as’ Yes ‘option 2 points,’ partially ‘option 1 point and’ no ' option 0 points. The data obtained in the study was evaluated by scoring between 1 and 10. As a result of the study, it was determined that the 7th grade social studies textbook of Republic of Turkey received the highest rate. The lowest rate was observed in the 7th grade, 1st and 2nd Social Studies textbooks, taught in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus.
Keywords: Textbook, Social Studies Teaching, Content Analysis Scale, Education, Learning
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Harper, Aaron, and Laura Blackwood. "Toxicity and response in cats with neoplasia treated with toceranib phosphate." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 6 (April 18, 2016): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16643124.
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Objectives Toceranib phosphate is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor licensed for the treatment of non-resectable Patnaik grade II/III recurrent cutaneous mast cell tumours in dogs. There is no information in cats regarding the tolerated dose, toxicity or tumour response of this drug. The aim of this study was to analyse retrospectively a cohort of cats with advanced neoplasia treated with toceranib to identify toxicity and response. Methods The medical records of the Small Animal Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Cats were included if they had received toceranib for at least 2 weeks for the treatment of histologically or cytologically confirmed neoplastic disease, and had at least one set of monitoring blood tests (haematology, biochemistry) performed after baseline tests. Toxicity was graded according to the Veterinary Comparative Oncology Group – common terminology criteria for adverse events(VCOG-CTCAE) and response was measured according to Response Evaluation In Solid Tumors (RECIST) criteria. Results Fourteen cats met the inclusion criteria, the majority of which (13/14) had received previous therapy (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy). The most common tumour types were mast cell tumours or malignant epithelial tumours. Toxicity occurred in 10/14 cats – 10 cats had mild myelosuppression or gastrointestinal effects. Two cats developed severe hepatoxicity. One cat died from congestive heart failure, although whether this was related to toceranib therapy is unknown. Regarding response, one cat achieved complete response; two cats achieved partial response and five cats achieved stable disease: overall biological response rate was 57.1%. All of the cats that achieved either partial or complete response were treated for mast cell disease. Overall median duration of response was 90 days (range 14–570 days). None of the cats with squamous cell carcinoma achieved a response. Conclusions and relevance Toceranib phosphate is generally well tolerated in cats, with toxicity limited to mild gastrointestinal or myelosuppressive effects in the majority of cases (10/14) in this study; however, hepatotoxicity is a concern. Response to treatment in this small cohort was similar to that reported in dogs.
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Zhu, Chang Jun, and Bin Wang. "A Study on GM(1,N) Model for Teaching Evaluation." Advanced Materials Research 121-122 (June 2010): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.121-122.341.
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At present, with the popularization of higher education and acceleration of college students every year, colleges and universities are increasing scale. Expansion of the scale for colleges and universities on the one hand, broadens the scope for development, on the other hand it also brings many problems, including the issue of the quality of teaching which is particularly prominent. Owing to the problems existing in the previous system of teaching quality, based on the teaching characteristics, a new multivariate teaching quality evaluation model is set up by means of GM(1,N) theory. And the application processes of the model are illuminated in detail. The model is applied into the evaluation of teaching quality. By analyzing a lot of practical examples, the experiment result indicates that this mathematical model has better appraisal effect than other appraisal model, which can overcome the complexity of traditional evaluation model. Compared with other methods, this method is scientific, simple and operable. And its structure and method will have a bright future.
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최규홍. "A Study on Teaching Grammar Evaluation Methods in Elementary School." Journal of CheongRam Korean Language Education ll, no. 47 (June 2013): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26589/jockle..47.201306.265.
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Noh, Eun-Hee, and Hyun-Seok Seo. "A Study on the Evaluation Standards for Speech Communication Teaching." Journal of Curriculum and Evaluation 10, no. 2 (December 2007): 203–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29221/jce.2007.10.2.203.
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赵, 丽娅. "Study on Classroom Teaching Quality Evaluation in Colleges and Universities." Creative Education Studies 09, no. 04 (2021): 997–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ces.2021.94164.
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Xu, Lifeng. "Study on Multimedia Teaching and the Reform of College Physical Education: Evaluation of Teaching Effect." International Journal of Security and Its Applications 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2016): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijsia.2016.10.2.23.
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Muhsen Al Harbi, Abdullah Abdul. "Evaluation Study for Secondary Stage EFL Textbook: EFL Teachers’ Perspectives." English Language Teaching 10, no. 3 (February 2, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n3p26.
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This study aimed at evaluating EFL textbook for secondary stage in Saudi Public schools. Participants consisted of (100) male teachers and (73) female teachers teaching secondary stage students in two cities: Madinah and Dowadmi. The tool of the study designed to cover five dimensions: layout and design, the objectives of the textbook, teaching methods and activities, language skills, and evaluation. The results revealed that EFL textbook for Saudi secondary schools needs more development to be more effective in learning and teaching EFL. Clarity of the textbook objectives was one of teachers’ negative comments about the current textbook especially female teachers who disagreed that the objectives were treated effectively in the current course. The content of the textbook is not helpful in applying teaching theories and practices. In addition, the content of the textbook has no helpful tests or procedures to evaluate the achievement of the students effectively.
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Satani, Kishor G., Shivanarayan N. Gupta, and Hemang U. Raghavani. "EVALUATION OF DIET AND LIFESTYLE IN ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF AMLAPITTA: A SURVEY STUDY." Journal of Biological & Scientific Opinion 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2321-6328.03217.
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Campalans, N. M., John L. McClellan, and A. VanBiervliet. "Evaluation of educational materials for the dysphagia diet: Study results and recommendations." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 93, no. 9 (September 1993): A55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(93)91172-m.
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