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1
Jones, Katherine M. W., and Andrew K. Krockenberger. "Determining the diet of cryptic folivores: an assessment of diet analysis techniques using the green ringtail possum (Pseudochirops archeri) as a case study." Wildlife Research 34, no. 5 (2007): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06013.
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The dietary requirements of folivores affect many aspects of their ecology, including home range, potential for social interaction, abiotic/climatic requirements and habitat choice at the landscape and local scale. The purpose of this study was to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of three techniques commonly used to determine the diet of rainforest folivores. Many folivores are arboreal, nocturnal and cryptic, causing a variety of problems for determining their diet. The largely folivorous green ringtail possum (Pseudochirops archeri) is all of these, inhabiting complex rainforest and often displaying particularly cryptic or evasive behaviour. No single technique produced a comprehensive dietary list for P. archeri, and each had different biases in the diet composition determined. As the actual diet of P. archeri was unknown and not measurable, it was impossible to determine which technique most accurately described its diet. Direct observations were time-consuming and difficult within dense forest, faecal analysis underestimated the importance of species with fragile cuticles, and tree selection was not directly related to food intake. However, direct observation produced the highest diversity of diet from a single method, faecal analysis required the least time in the field, and tree selection allowed intraspecific measures of preference to be determined. Thus, multiple dietary analysis techniques were required to meet the aim of this study, which was to provide the most comprehensive estimation of dietary diversity in a cryptic, arboreal folivore.
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Suassuna, Juraci M. A., Alberício P. de Andrade, Daniel R. Menezes, et al. "Accuracy of Techniques for Predicting Gas Production by Ruminants Associated with Diet." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (2022): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010039.
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The aim of this study was to compare the gas production profiles and nutrient degradability of two diets using automatic and semiautomatic in vitro gas production techniques. A randomized block design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement was adopted, with two diets comprising different proportions of nonfiber carbohydrates (NFCs) (low-NFC vs. high-NFC diets), two gas production measurement techniques (automatic vs. semiautomatic) and four replicates. The blocks represent three in vitro runs. Gas production from the fermentation of fiber carbohydrates (Vf2) was 22% higher when measured with the automatic technique than with the semiautomatic technique. The Vt of the low-NFC diet differed between techniques and was 22.9% higher using the automatic technique. A highly positive correlation (r = 0.96) was observed between the techniques, with a high coefficient of determination between the techniques (R2 = 0.93). There was greater degradability of dry matter (DMD) and organic matter (OMD) with the automatic technique. In both diets, the degradability of crude protein (CPD) was greater with the semiautomatic technique (p < 0.0001). The high-NFC diet resulted in a lower pH and lower NH3-N in the incubation medium than in that of the low-NFC diet, whereas the degradability of DM, OM and CP increased. The automatic and semi-automatic techniques similarly estimated the kinetic parameters and the profiles of total gas production, demonstrating the potential of both techniques for assessing the nutritional value of diets with different proportions of NFCs.
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Pirk, G. I., J. Lopez de Casenave, and L. Marone. "Evaluation of Three Techniques for the Study of Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex spp.) Diet." Environmental Entomology 36, no. 5 (2007): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/36.5.1092.
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Zimanyi, Monika A., John F. Bertram, and Jane M. Black. "NEPHRON NUMBER IN THE OFFSPRING OF RATS FED A LOW PROTEIN DIET DURING PREGNANCY." Image Analysis & Stereology 19, no. 3 (2011): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v19.p219-222.
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In experimental studies it has been shown that intrauterine growth retardation and reduced kidney growth during development are associated with significant decreases in nephron endowment. However, the results of previous studies may be inaccurate as nephron counts were obtained using a maceration technique, which can lead to breakdown of glomeruli, and other potentially biased techniques. In the present study, the total number of glomeruli (and thereby nephrons) in the offspring of rats fed a low (9%) or normal (20%) protein diet during pregnancy were estimated using a physical disector/fractionator technique. The offspring of rats fed a low protein diet had a significantly lower birth weight than rats fed a normal protein diet, their kidneys were smaller and they contained 30% fewer nephrons (20,386 ± 4,818 in the low protein diet vs. 28,731 ± 3,290 in the control rats). Our results, obtained using an unbiased stereological technique confirm previous findings that administration of a low protein diet during pregnancy results in reduced nephron endowment in the offspring.
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Rochani, Siti. "Study Kualitatif Tentang Kepatuhan Klien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Pada Program Diet Diabetes." Jurnal Smart Keperawatan 9, no. 1 (2022): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34310/jskp.v9i1.617.
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Perencanaan program diet diabetes merupakan salah satu tindakan untuk memperbaiki kadar glukosa darah dan mencegah terjadinya komplikasi akibat hiperglikemi pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Masalah yang sering terjadi terkait dengan perencanaan program terapi diet diabetes adalah sulitnya mematuhi pelaksanaan diet itu sendiri. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan klien dengan diabetes melitus pada program terapi diet diabetes. Penelitian menggunakan desain kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif fenomenologi, menggali pengalaman pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 terhadap program dietnya. Tehnik pengumpulan data menggunakan tehnik in depth interview dan focus group discussion. Setiap Partisipan diberikan pertanyaan sesuai dengan panduan yang telah disediakan. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan Mei 2021 terhadap 7 partisipan yang menderita diabetes melitus tipe 2 di wilayah cakupan PKM Rangkasbitung. Hasil mendapatkan 5 tema yaitu pengetahuan, implementasi, hambatan, dukungan keluarga dan harapan. Sebagian besar partisipan tidak mengetahui dengan benar tentang terapi diet untuk diabetes melitus dan belum melaksanakan program diet diabetes. Hambatan adalah kurangnya dukungan keluarga dan kurangnya informasi. Dukungan keluarga dan tenaga kesehatan sangat dibutuhkan partisipan untuk memberikan motivasi. Harapan partisipan yaitu dapat melaksanakan program diet dengan benar sesuai dengan informasi yang diberikan oleh petugas kesehatan. Pendidikan kesehatan dan dukungan keluarga sangat dibutuhkan oleh partisipan agar dapat melaksanakan program dietnya secara patuh. Kata kunci: studi kualitatif; kepatuhan; diabetes melitus tipe 2; program dietA QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE ADHERENCE OF CLIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS TO DIABETIC DIET PROGRAMABSTRACT Planning a diabetes diet program is one of the actions to improve blood glucose levels and prevent complications due to hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of client compliance with diabetes mellitus in the diabetes diet therapy program. The study used a qualitative design with a phenomenological descriptive method, exploring the experiences of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with their diet program. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Each participant was asked questions according to the guidelines provided. The study was conducted during May 2021 on 7 participants who suffered from type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Rangkasbelitung Health Centre coverage area. The results get 5 themes, namely knowledge, implementation, obstacles, family support and expectations. Most of the participants did not know correctly about diet therapy for diabetes mellitus and had not implemented a diabetes diet program. Barriers are lack of family support and lack of information. Support from family and health workers is needed by participants to provide motivation. Participants hope that they can carry out the diet program correctly according to the information provided by health workers. Health education and family support are very much needed by participants in order to carry out their diet program obediently. Keywords: qualitative study; adherence; type 2 diabetes mellitus; diet program
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Zosky, Kerry, Kate Bryant, Michael Calver, and Adrian Wayne. "Do preservation methods affect the identification of dietary components from faecal samples? A case study using a mycophagous marsupial." Australian Mammalogy 32, no. 2 (2010): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am09033.
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We tested whether four preservation methods for faecal samples affected the identification of dietary components from the mycophagous woylie (Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi). All storage techniques identified fungi as the most abundant food type (>69%), followed by plant material (9–17%) and invertebrates (<5%). Between 8 and 13% of material from each technique was unidentifiable. Despite these general similarities in the results from the different techniques, there were small but statistically significant differences in the relative importance of the food types estimated using the different preservation techniques. Individual researchers will need to decide on a case-by-case basis whether these small differences can be disregarded given the general aims of their study or whether a correction factor is appropriate if small differences in diet are important to their objectives.
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Elia, Marinos, Rebecca Stratton, and James Stubbs. "Techniques for the study of energy balance in man." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 62, no. 2 (2003): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2003255.
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Energy balance can be estimated in tissues, body segments, individual subjects (the focus of the present article), groups of subjects and even societies. Changes in body composition in individual subjects can be translated into changes in the energy content of the body, but this method is limited by the precision of the techniques. The precision for measuring fat and fat-free mass can be as low as 0.5 kg when certain reference techniques are used (hydrodensitometry, air-displacement plethysmography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and approximately 0.7 kg for changes between two time points. Techniques associated with a measurement error of 0.7 kg for changes in fat and fat-free mass (approximately 18MJ) are of little or no value for calculating energy balance over short periods of time, but they may be of some value over long periods of time (18 MJ over 1 year corresponds to an average daily energy balance of 70 kJ, which is <1% of the normal dietary energy intake). Body composition measurements can also be useful in calculating changes in energy balance when the changes in body weight and composition are large, e.g. >5–10 kg. The same principles can be applied to the assessment of energy balance in body segments using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Energy balance can be obtained over periods as short as a few minutes, e.g. during measurements of BMR. The variability in BMR between individuals of similar age, weight and height and gender is about 7–9%, most of which is of biological origin rather than measurement error, which is about 2%. Measurement of total energy expenditure during starvation (no energy intake) can also be used to estimate energy balance in a whole-body calorimeter, in patients in intensive care units being artificially ventilated and by tracer techniques. The precision of these techniques varies from 1 to 10%. Establishing energy balance by measuring the discrepancy between energy intake and expenditure has to take into consideration the combined validity and reliability of both components. The measurement error for dietary intake may be as low as 2–3% in carefully controlled environments, in which subjects are provided only with certain food items and bomb calorimetry can be undertaken on duplicate samples of the diet. Reliable results can also be obtained in hospitalised patients receiving enteral tube feeding or parenteral nutrition as the only source of nutrition. Unreliability increases to an unknown extent in free-living subjects eating a mixed and varied diet; thus, improved methodology is needed for the study of energy balance.
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Wiltshire, D., M. Cronin, N. Lintern, et al. "The debate continues: a prospective, randomised, single-blind study comparing Coblation and bipolar tonsillectomy techniques." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 132, no. 3 (2017): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215117002328.
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AbstractObjectives:Tonsillectomy is a common procedure with significant post-operative pain. This study was designed to compare post-operative pain, returns to a normal diet and normal activity, and duration of regular analgesic use in Coblation and bipolar tonsillectomy patients.Methods:A total of 137 patients, aged 2–50 years, presenting to a single institution for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy were recruited. Pain level, diet, analgesic use, return to normal activity and haemorrhage data were collected.Results:Coblation tonsillectomy was associated with significantly less pain than bipolar tonsillectomy on post-operative days 1 (p= 0.005), 2 (p= 0.006) and 3 (p= 0.010). Mean pain scores were also significantly lower in the Coblation group (p= 0.039). Coblation patients had a significantly faster return to normal activity than bipolar tonsillectomy patients (p< 0.001).Conclusion:Coblation tonsillectomy is a less painful technique compared to bipolar tonsillectomy in the immediate post-operative period and in the overall post-operative period. This allows a faster return to normal activity and decreased analgesic requirements.
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Pirk, Gabriela Inés, Javier Lopez de Casenave, and Luis Marone. "Evaluation of Three Techniques for the Study of Harvester Ant (Pogonomyrmex spp.) Diet." Environmental Entomology 36, no. 5 (2007): 1092–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0046-225x(2007)36[1092:eottft]2.0.co;2.
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Yang, Jiwei, Xiaoling Wan, Xianyuan Zeng, et al. "A preliminary study on diet of the Yangtze finless porpoise using next‐generation sequencing techniques." Marine Mammal Science 35, no. 4 (2019): 1579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/mms.12585.
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de Souza Dantas, Renato Junqueira, Tatiana Silva Leite, and Cristiano Queiroz de Albuquerque. "Assessing the diet of octopuses: traditional techniques and the stable isotopes approach." Journal of Molluscan Studies 86, no. 3 (2020): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyaa003.
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ABSTRACT Most studies of the feeding habits of octopuses have focused on the use of a single technique, often selected on the basis of its familiarity or minimal impact on study animals. Although over time new methods have been developed for dietary assessment, no comparative analysis has ever been done. Using Octopus insularis as a model, we examined the results of three methods of diet analysis to understand how these techniques can influence study conclusions. Octopus diets were assessed through the analysis of (1) fresh prey remains deposited in midden piles, (2) digestive contents from the octopus crop and stomach, and (3) stable isotope data on the octopus and its potential food sources. The research was conducted at Rocas Atoll, a pristine oceanic reef off the northeastern coast of Brazil, with data from a coastal environment with substantial human impact (i.e. Rio do Fogo, northeastern Brazil) being evaluated as well. Overall, the three methods differed in the type of data they produced and the timescale represented, reflecting their own biases, the biology and behaviour of the octopus, and even the local oceanographic and other environmental conditions. We therefore provide a conceptual diagram to help researchers to consider the inherent aspects of each method when planning and performing studies of octopus diet, and also when interpreting study results.
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Wright, David M., Gerry McKenna, Anne Nugent, Lewis Winning, Gerard J. Linden, and Jayne V. Woodside. "Association between diet and periodontitis: a cross-sectional study of 10,000 NHANES participants." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 112, no. 6 (2020): 1485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqaa266.
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ABSTRACT Background Periodontitis is a major cause of tooth loss globally. Risk factors include age, smoking, and diabetes. Intake of specific nutrients has been associated with periodontitis risk but there has been little research into the influence of overall diet, potentially more relevant when formulating dietary recommendations. Objectives We aimed to investigate potential associations between diet and periodontitis using novel statistical techniques for dietary pattern analysis. Methods Two 24-h dietary recalls and periodontal examination data from the cross-sectional US NHANES, 2009–2014 (n = 10,010), were used. Dietary patterns were extracted using treelet transformation, a data-driven hierarchical clustering and dimension reduction technique. Associations between each pattern [treelet component (TC)] and extent of periodontitis [proportion of sites with clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥ 3 mm] were estimated using robust logistic quantile regression, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, education level, smoking, BMI, and diabetes. Results Eight TCs explained 21% of the variation in diet, 1 of which (TC1) was associated with CAL extent. High TC1 scores represented a diet rich in salad, fruit, vegetables, poultry and seafood, and plain water or tea to drink. There was a substantial negative gradient in CAL extent from the lowest to the highest decile of TC1 (median proportion of sites with CAL ≥ 3 mm: decile 1 = 19.1%, decile 10 = 8.1%; OR, decile 10 compared with decile 1: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.99). Conclusions Most dietary patterns identified were not associated with periodontitis extent. One pattern, however, rich in salad, fruit, and vegetables and with plain water or tea to drink, was associated with lower CAL extent. Treelet transformation may be a useful approach for calculating dietary patterns in nutrition research.
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Al-Nabulsi, Jamal, Hamza Abu Owida, Jumana Ma’touq, et al. "Non-invasive sensing techniques for glucose detection: a review." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 4 (2022): 1926–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i4.3584.
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Diabetes is becoming more prevalent over the world, with approximately 7.8 million new cases diagnosed each year. The most crucial aspect of diabetes therapy is frequent glucose monitoring; the one and only way diabetics can maintain healthy blood sugar standard is through diet and exercise. Blood glucose monitoring techniques have gone through massive transformations over the past few years. Non-invasive procedures outperform invasive and minimally invasive ones in terms of inconvenience, pain, and recovery time. Thus, this review aims to explore the latest tools for non-invasive glucose monitoring sensors and techniques. The study showed that non-invasive techniques such as optical and non-optical techniques are better than invasive techniques in terms of accuracy, reliability, repeatability, and ease of use. The study also uncovered that the photoacoustic spectroscopy and ultrasonic techniques have room for further development and advancement considering their flexible nature. The work also proved that the ultrasonic technique is the most promising approach, in conclusion.
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Newmaster, Steven G., Ian D. Thompson, Royce A. D. Steeves, et al. "Examination of two new technologies to assess the diet of woodland caribou: video recorders attached to collars and DNA barcoding." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 10 (2013): 897–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0108.
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The diet of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou Gmelin, 1788) in the boreal zone of North America is poorly understood. In large part this is because they occur at low densities in environments that are difficult to access. The only method available for identifying food requirements of wildlife has been histological examination of fecal samples, a technique that suffers from a number of serious limitations. Our study used fecal samples from 125 woodland caribou and animal-borne videos to address two questions: (1) How do the new technologies, video cameras and DNA barcoding, compare with conventional diet analyses of fecal pellets? and (2) Can these techniques be used to determine the diet of woodland caribou? Our results show that microhistology estimates provide an inaccurate approximation of diet; <15% correlation with either barcoding or video techniques. Taxonomic resolution of the histology estimates was very low. Taxonomic resolution to species found in fecal samples was good using video (42%) but better using DNA barcoding (94%). DNA barcoding and video technologies provided dietary data that were highly correlated (70%) among major groups of plants, with terrestrial lichens dominating the late winter through early spring diet. The high species resolution of DNA barcoding may be supplemented by information on habitat preference and degree of feeding selectivity obtained by video surveillance. These novel technologies may be important tools for identifying critical habitat requirements and associated conservation strategies needed for elusive wildlife species that are endangered.
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Tay, Brenda S. J., David N. Cox, Grant D. Brinkworth, et al. "Co-Design Practices in Diet and Nutrition Research: An Integrative Review." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (2021): 3593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103593.
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Co-design, the method of involving users, stakeholders, and practitioners in the process of design, may assist to improve the translation of health evidence into tangible and acceptable intervention prototypes. The primary objective of this review was to identify and describe co-design techniques used in nutrition research. The secondary objective was to identify associations between co-design techniques and intervention effectiveness. An integrative review was performed using the databases Emcare, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar. Eligible studies included those that: (1) utilised participatory research or co-design techniques, (2) described development and/or evaluation of interventions aimed at improving dietary behaviours or nutrition, and (3) targeted community-dwelling adults aged ≥18 years. We identified 2587 studies in the initial search and included 22 eligible studies. There were 15 studies that utilised co-design techniques, with a strong focus on engagement of multiple stakeholder types and use of participatory research techniques. No study implemented a complete co-design process. Most studies (14/15) reporting outcomes reported positive health (maximum p < 0.001) or health behaviour outcomes attributed to the intervention; hence, associations between co-design techniques and effectiveness could not be determined. Currently published intervention studies have used participatory research approaches rather than co-design methods. Future research is required to explore the effectiveness of co-design nutrition interventions.
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Wexler, David B. "Recovery after tonsillectomy: Electrodissection vs. Sharp dissection techniques." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 114, no. 4 (1996): 576–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-59989670249-8.
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Previous studies have suggested that electrodissection tonsillectomy is associated with increased pain and delayed healing in comparison with sharp techniques for tonsillectomy. To better define the clinical significance of this difference, a detailed study of the time course of recovery was undertaken in adults and children after tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy by the sharp or electrodissection method. For electrodissection tonsillectomy, electrocautery set to 20 W was used for dissection and hemostasis, and after sharp dissection the suction electrocautery was used only selectively at bleeding sites. Daily pain scores were recorded for 2 weeks, and return to normal diet and activities was monitored. In adults the electrodissection tonsillectomy ( n = 26) resulted in an average delay of 2 days in recovery from pain ( p < 0.05) and a 2-day delay in return to a normal diet ( p < 0.05) compared with sharp tonsillectomy ( n = 24). In children (aged 2 to 12 years) the electrodissection technique ( n = 26) resulted in an average delay trend of 1 to 1.5 days (not significant) compared with the sharp method ( n = 24). Electrodissection tonsillectomy results in an average delay in recovery of 2 days for adults and in a lesser delay in pediatric patients.
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Echegaray, Noemi, Mirian Pateiro, Wangang Zhang, et al. "Influence of the Inclusion of Chestnut (Castanea sativa Miller) in the Finishing Diet and Cooking Technique on the Physicochemical Parameters and Volatile Profile of Biceps femoris Muscle." Foods 9, no. 6 (2020): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9060754.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the diet (chestnut vs. commercial feed) and cooking techniques (roasting, grilling, frying and microwaving) on the quality of the Biceps femoris muscle of the Celta pig breed. Chemical composition, physicochemical parameters, oxidative stability and volatile profile were analysed. Overall, the inclusion of chestnuts did not affect the chemical composition, except for intramuscular fat content, which was higher in chestnut-fed pigs. The colour and shear force of cooked Biceps femoris were not affected by the finishing diet. However, a significant increase in cooking losses and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value was found with the chestnuts included in the diet. In addition, the inclusion of chestnuts also modified some volatile compound that could be associated with the diet, such as furan, 2-pentyl. On the other hand, the cooking method significantly affected chemical composition (moisture, fat, protein and ash content), colour parameters, cooking loss, TBARS and volatile profile, whereas the shear force was not affected. Concretely, fried and microwave were the techniques that led to a greater presence of intramuscular fat. In addition, the frying method also showed the highest a* value, whereas the microwaved technique displayed the highest cooking loss. Regarding lipid oxidation, the fried method displayed the lower TBARS and hexanal content. On the other hand, the major volatile compounds were aldehydes in all cooking methods except for the frying technique in chestnut samples. Finally, method-frying displayed the lowest amount of total volatiles compounds, unlike grilling.
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Ravindran, V., L. I. Hew, and G. Ravindran. "Endogenous amino acid flow in the avian ileum: quantification using three techniques." British Journal of Nutrition 92, no. 2 (2004): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041202.
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The aim of the present study was to compare the protein-free diet, guanidinated casein (GuC) and enzyme hydrolysed casein (EHC) methods for the quantification of endogenous amino acid (AA) flow in the avian ileum. Growing broiler chickens (5 weeks old) were used. All three assay diets were based on dextrose, and in the GuC and EHC diets GuC or EHC were the sole source of N. Endogenous AA flows determined with the use of protein-free diet were considerably lower (P>0·05) than those determined by the GuC and EHC methods. The total endogenous AA flows determined by the GuC and EHC methods were almost 3-fold greater (P>0·05) than those determined by the protein-free diet. The endogenous AA values obtained from GuC and EHC methods were similar (P<0·05), except for the flow of arginine, which was lower (P>0·05) in the EHC method. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, threonine and glycine were the predominant endogenous AA present in digesta from the distal ileum. The contents of methionine, histidine and cystine were lower compared with other AA. The method of determination had no effect on the AA composition of endogenous protein, except for threonine, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine and cystine. The concentrations of threonine and arginine were lower (P>0·05) and that of lysine was higher (P>0·05) with the EHC method compared with the other two methods. The concentration of glutamic acid was greater (P0·05) and that of cystine was lower (P>0·05) in the EHC and GuC methods compared with the protein-free diet method. The results showed that the ileal endogenous flows of N and AA are markedly enhanced by the presence of protein and peptides, above those determined following feeding of a protein-free diet. It is concluded that the use of EHC and GuC methods enables the measurement of ileal endogenous losses in chickens under normal physiological conditions.
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Kemsley, E. Katherine, Gwénaëlle Le Gall, Jack R. Dainty, et al. "Multivariate techniques and their application in nutrition: a metabolomics case study." British Journal of Nutrition 98, no. 1 (2007): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507685365.
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The post-genomic technologies are generating vast quantities of data but many nutritional scientists are not trained or equipped to analyse it. In high-resolution NMR spectra of urine, for example, the number and complexity of spectral features mean that computational techniques are required to interrogate and display the data in a manner intelligible to the researcher. In addition, there are often multiple underlying biological factors influencing the data and it is difficult to pinpoint which are having the most significant effect. This is especially true in nutritional studies, where small variations in diet can trigger multiple changes in gene expression and metabolite concentration. One class of computational tools that are useful for analysing this highly multivariate data include the well-known ‘whole spectrum’ methods of principal component analysis and partial least squares. In this work, we present a nutritional case study in which NMR data generated from a human dietary Cu intervention study is analysed using multivariate methods and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are discussed. It is concluded that an alternative approach, called feature subset selection, will be important in this type of work; here we have used a genetic algorithm to identify the small peaks (arising from metabolites of low concentration) that have been altered significantly following a dietary intervention.
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Everill, Paul, Nikoloz Murgulia, Davit Lomitashvili, et al. "The recent contribution of scientific techniques to the study of Nokalakevi in Samegrelo, Georgia." Anatolian Studies 71 (2021): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s006615462100003x.
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AbstractThe site of Nokalakevi, in western Georgia, has seen significant excavation since 1973, including, since 2001, a collaborative Anglo-Georgian project. However, the interpretation of the site has largely rested on architectural analysis of standing remains and the relative dating of deposits based on the study of ceramics. Since 2013, the Anglo-Georgian Expedition to Nokalakevi has collected a diverse dataset derived from multiple scientific techniques including optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of ceramics, radiocarbon dating, δ13C and δ15N analysis and 87Sr/86Sr analysis. The full results of these analyses are reported here for the first time along with implications for the interpretation of the archaeology, which include greater detail in the site chronology but also indicators of diet and migration.
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Tomić, Tanja, and Ivona Ljevak. "RELIABILITY OF STATEMENTS AND EXPERIENCES OF CELIAC PATIENTS ON GLUTEN-FREE PRODUCTS/QUANTITATIVE STUDY." KNOWLEDGE - International Journal 54, no. 4 (2022): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij5404689t.
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Celiac disease is a chronic gastroenterological disease, and a lifelong gluten-free diet is a needed andnecessary therapy, which implies the exclusion of products containing gluten from the diet. The declaration ofgluten-free products is often unclear and ambiguous. The purpose of this paper was to examine celiac diseasepatients' attitudes and experiences with gluten-free diet declarations. 95 respondents from the area of HNŽ with adiagnosis of celiac disease were included in this quantitative research. The anonymous survey was conducted usingthe Google Forms tool. An anonymous survey examined sociodemographic data (age, gender, education, duration ofillness), experiences and attitudes with declarations about gluten-free diet. In this research, more than half of therespondents are extremely careful about what they consume, without exception. Participants who have beendiagnosed with celiac disease for a longer period of time completely disagree to a greater extent that they do notknow what products they can consume. Individuals with gluten sensitivity may rely more on the 'gluten-free' claimfor information about the gluten content of a product. Individuals with celiac disease, on the other hand, may bemore experienced readers of food labels and may rely more on the ingredient list. Consumer expectations havedriven the food industry to continuously adapt and improve the formulations and processing techniques used in theproduction of gluten-free products.
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Zorbas, Christina, Amanda Lee, Anna Peeters, Meron Lewis, Timothy Landrigan, and Kathryn Backholer. "Streamlined data-gathering techniques to estimate the price and affordability of healthy and unhealthy diets under different pricing scenarios." Public Health Nutrition 24, no. 1 (2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020001718.
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AbstractObjective:To determine the reliability of streamlined data-gathering techniques for examining the price and affordability of a healthy (recommended) and unhealthy (current) diet. We additionally estimated the price and affordability of diets across socio-economic areas and quantified the influence of different pricing scenarios.Design:Following the Healthy Diets Australian Standardised Affordability and Pricing (ASAP) protocol, we compared a cross-sectional sample of food and beverage pricing data collected using online data and phone calls (lower-resource streamlined techniques) with data collected in-store from the same retailers.Setting:Food and beverage prices were collected from major supermarkets, fast food and alcohol retailers in eight conveniently sampled areas in Victoria, Australia (n 72 stores), stratified by area-level deprivation and remoteness.Participants:This study did not involve human participants.Results:The biweekly price of a healthy diet was on average 21 % cheaper ($596) than an unhealthy diet ($721) for a four-person family using the streamlined techniques, which was comparable with estimates using in-store data (healthy: $594, unhealthy: $731). The diet price differential did not vary considerably across geographical areas (range: 18–23 %). Both diets were estimated to be unaffordable for families living on indicative low disposable household incomes and below the poverty line. The inclusion of generic brands notably reduced the prices of healthy and unhealthy diets (≥20 %), rendering both affordable against indicative low disposable household incomes. Inclusion of discounted prices marginally reduced diet prices (3 %).Conclusions:Streamlined data-gathering techniques are a reliable method for regular, flexible and widespread monitoring of the price and affordability of population diets in areas where supermarkets have an online presence.
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Elihasridas, Elihasridas, Mardiati Zain, Rusmana Wijaya Setia Ningrat, et al. "Evaluation of Pre-ingestive Citronella Residues using Ruminal In Vitro Techniques." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 14 (2022): 5096. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.5096.
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Citronella residues (CR) have the potential to be used as an alternative to the fiber diet of ruminants. This study reports on the effects of pre-ingestive CR using ammonia (4 % dry matter (DM)) and fermentation (6 % DM) on in vitro rumen fermentation, metabolism, and methane (CH4) production. Four CR levels of 0, 25, 75, and 100 % DM were used. Each level was repeated 3 times and a complete randomized design method was used. The results showed that pre-ingestive CR significantly increased the pH rumen fluid but decreased ammonia-nitrogen concentration, total iso-volatile fatty acid (iso-VFA) production, and protozoa population (p < 0.01). The pre-ingestive CR significantly decreased the acetic acid composition and rumen microbial protein synthesis (p < 0.05), and significantly increased the proportion of propionic acid, n-butyric acid, and iso-valeric acid (p < 0.05). The total VFA production and rumen CH4 production did not significantly change (p > 0.05). In conclusion, pre-ingestive CR was compatible as a basal diet for ruminants.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Pre-ingestive treated citronella residues used as substitute in ruminant fiber diet
 100 % pre-ingestive citronella residues increased rumen fluid pH compared with napier grass
 100 % pre-ingestive citronella residues reduced NH3, VFA, and protozoa
 100 % pre-ingestive citronella residues had no effect on methane production
 Rumen fermentation profile of pre-ingestive residue treatments are suitable alternative diets
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Null, Gary, Luanne Pennesi, and Martin Feldman. "Nutrition and Lifestyle Intervention on Mood and Neurological Disorders." Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine 22, no. 1 (2016): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156587216637539.
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This group study explored how an intervention of diet and lifestyle, including a vegan diet, fruit and vegetable juicing, nutritional supplements, regular exercise, and destressing techniques, would affect 27 subjects with anxiety, depression, poor memory, dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, history of stroke, or multiple sclerosis. Several subjects had overlapping conditions. Videotaped testimonials were obtained describing subjective results. Testimonials stated multiple benefits across all conditions addressed by the study, with subjects often reporting substantial benefits. These results demonstrate that an intervention of diet, juicing, supplements, exercise, and lifestyle may provide considerable benefits for all conditions addressed.
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Null, Gary. "Lifestyle Modification Improves Physical and Mental Health in Elderly Participants: Observational Study in a Controlled Environment." Alternative, Complementary & Integrative Medicine 7, no. 4 (2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.24966/acim-7562/100193.
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A 60-day observational study was conducted to evaluate how lifestyle modification principles relying upon a customized regimen of aerobic and muscle strength exercise, a plant-based diet and meditative stress reduction techniques may improve physical endurance and strength, mental health, and reverse normal aging associated with the average American lifestyle. All enrolled participants were generally in good health respective to their age. Several subjects had overlapping mild medical conditions. The results demonstrate that the intervention of a customized lifestyle modification regimen of regular daily exercise, a plant-based diet, and daily stress reduction practices, such as meditation and yoga, may provide a viable and beneficial preventative strategy as an anti-aging and wellness model to increase the physical and mental health of elderly men and women.
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Sattar, Muhammad Umair, Faqir Muhammad Anjum, and Aysha Sameen. "Mitigation of heavy metals in different vegetables through biological washing techniques." International Journal of Food and Allied Sciences 1, no. 2 (2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21620/ijfaas.2015240-44.
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<p>Availability of nutritious and healthy food is the foremost challenging issue in all over the word. Vegetables are essential part in human diet and considered as natural reserves of nutrients gifted by Almighty Allah to human beings. Heavy metals are among the most toxic food pollutants and their intake through diet leads to several disorders. The sources of heavy metal contamination include waste water irrigation, industrial emissions, transportation and application of metal-based pesticides. In Pakistan this situation is more alarming as vegetables grown in peri-urban areas have shown high incidence of heavy metals accumulation. In this study effort was made to mitigate different heavy metals (Ar, Cd, Cr and Pb) in cauliflower, spinach, okra and brinjal collected from peri-urban areas through washing with different biological solutions. Heavy metals contents were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Vegetable showed high load of heavy metals in unwashed form that reduced significantly by washing with different biological solutions. Among the different biological solutions, washing of vegetables with 8% ginger solution was found to be more effective.</p>
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Sattar, Muhammad Umair, Faqir Muhammad Anjum, and Aysha Sameen. "Mitigation of heavy metals in different vegetables through biological washing techniques." International Journal of Food and Allied Sciences 1, no. 2 (2015): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21620/ijfaas.v1i2.13.
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<p>Availability of nutritious and healthy food is the foremost challenging issue in all over the word. Vegetables are essential part in human diet and considered as natural reserves of nutrients gifted by Almighty Allah to human beings. Heavy metals are among the most toxic food pollutants and their intake through diet leads to several disorders. The sources of heavy metal contamination include waste water irrigation, industrial emissions, transportation and application of metal-based pesticides. In Pakistan this situation is more alarming as vegetables grown in peri-urban areas have shown high incidence of heavy metals accumulation. In this study effort was made to mitigate different heavy metals (Ar, Cd, Cr and Pb) in cauliflower, spinach, okra and brinjal collected from peri-urban areas through washing with different biological solutions. Heavy metals contents were determined by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Vegetable showed high load of heavy metals in unwashed form that reduced significantly by washing with different biological solutions. Among the different biological solutions, washing of vegetables with 8% ginger solution was found to be more effective.</p>
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Anderson, Annie S., Stephen Caswell, Maureen Macleod, et al. "Awareness of Lifestyle and Colorectal Cancer Risk: Findings from the BeWEL Study." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/871613.
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It is estimated that 47% of colorectal cancers (CRC) could be prevented by appropriate lifestyles. This study aimed to identify awareness of the causes of CRC in patients who had been diagnosed with a colorectal adenoma through the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and subsequently enrolled in an intervention trial (using diet and physical activity education and behavioural change techniques) (BeWEL). At baseline and 12-month follow-up, participants answered an open-ended question on factors influencing CRC development. Of the 329 participants at baseline, 40 (12%) reported that they did not know any risk factors and 36 (11%) failed to identify specific factors related to diet and activity. From a potential knowledge score of 1 to 6, the mean score was 1.5 (SD 1.1, range 0 to 5) with no difference between intervention and control groups. At follow-up, the intervention group had a significantly greater knowledge score and better weight loss, diet, and physical activity measures than the control group. Awareness of relevant lifestyle factors for CRC remains low in people at increased risk of the disease. Opportunities within routine NHS screening to aid the capability (including knowledge of risk factors) of individuals to make behavioural changes to reduce CRC risk deserve exploration.
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Setyorini, Andri. "Stres dan Koping pada Pasien Dengan DM Tipe 2 dalam Pelaksanaan Manajemen Diet di Wilayah Puskesmas Banguntapan II Kabupaten Bantul." Health Sciences and Pharmacy Journal 1, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32504/hspj.v1i1.3.
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Background: Type 2 DM is the most common case of all DM cases. The cause of type 2 diabetes in addition to genetic factors, can also occur due to the wrong diet, or lifestyle that is less healthy. So the patients must have a fairly strict diet. This can lead to burnout and stress because they have to obey the recommended diet plan during their lifetime. Therefore, the sufferer should always understand that stress is the trigger for the increase in blood glucose levels that should be controlled by proper coping (Rasmun, 2004). Objective: The purpose in this study was to look at the description of stress and coping in patients with type 2 DM in the implementation of diet management at the community health center Banguntapan II Bantul Yogyakarta. Research Methode: This research used descriptive qualitative approach which is done on natural setting (natural condition). Primary data sources and data collection techniques were more in depth interviews, observation and documentation. Analysis of the data used is qualitative content analysis. Determination of participants in this study was conducted with purposive sampling technique. Participants in this study are DM type 2 patients who are undergoing outpatient at Banguntapan II Community Health Centers in Bantul and has not happened chronic complications. The study involved 19 people participants.. Results: The results of this study indicate 3 main themes and 12 sub themes that related to the description of stress and coping in patients with type 2 diabetes in the implementation of diet management, there are: 1) Stress in Patient DM Type 2 that has 5 aspects that are related to early diagnosed DM patients, perceived complaints, long suffered DM, diet control, and other causes; 2) Management of Diet Program by Patient DM Type 2 which deals with 2 aspects, namely related to the regulation of the amount and type of food as well as the arrangement of the number and the schedule of the meal; and 3) Coping Stress in Implementing a DM Diet consisting of 5 aspects of therapy, diet modification, positive thinking, obedience to diet and dietary disobedience. Conclution: In general, this research indicate 3 main themes, there are: 1) Stress in Patients DM Type 2; 2) Management Diet Program by Patient DM Type 2; and 3) Coping stress in Implementing Diet.
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Sümer, Aziz, Sebahattin Çelik, Talar Vartanoğlu Aktokmakyan, et al. "A new approach in bariatric operations: bridged mini gastric by-pass. Is rabbit model suitable for an experimental study?" Turkish Journal of Surgery 37, no. 3 (2021): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47717/turkjsurg.2021.4874.
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Objective: Obesity is a global health epidemic with considerable co-morbidities. The increasing demand for bariatric surgery has led to the emergence of new techniques. We modified previously described Mini Gastric By-pass(MGB) technique via leaving a bridge at the most cranial 2 cm of the fundus of the human stomach to the follow-up and treatment of the remnant stomach and duodenum. We would like to entitle this new technique as Bridged MGB and aimed to apply on rabbits as an experimental study. Material and Methods: The study was performed in the experimental animal laboratory of university after ethical approval was taken from the local ethics committee. Described new technique was applied to 2.1 and 3.2 kg 2 New Zealand rabbits. Results: As a result of the operations, one of the rabbits died on the day of the operation; the other rabbit was exitus postoperatively on the third day. In autopsies, although no problem was detected at the anastomoses, necrosis was detected in the large curvature of both rabbits. Conclusion: Rabbit, one of the popular experimental animals, has been shown to be different from the human gastrointestinal system in both arterial and topographic aspects and it has been emphasized that it varies according to the species and even the diet and the climate. We believe that our study failed as a result of these differences and that animals more similar to humans should be used in gastrointestinal experimental studies.
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Macedo, Robert, Ricardo Martinez Tarré, Elvino Ferreira, et al. "Forage intake and botanical composition of feed for cattle fed Brachiaria/legume mixtures." Scientia Agricola 67, no. 4 (2010): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162010000400002.
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A key contribution to study the cycling of nutrients in soil/plant/animal systems is the evaluation of the consumption of forage and their nutrients by cattle. The objective of this study was to test techniques to evaluate faecal production, in vitro digestibility, forage consumption and the proportion of legume in the acquired diet. Five Zebu steer calves were confined and fed five diets of different combinations of Brachiaria dictyoneura and Desmodium ovalifolium. All quantities of faeces were collected per animal and these values were found to compare favourably with those derived from using the chromium oxide technique. In vitro digestibility ranged from 7 to 10% higher than the actual in vivo digestibility. Faecal samples from steers fed with diets with 25% or more of grass in the mixture were found to be depleted in δ13C between 1.7 and 2.1‰, but no depletion was observed when the diet was 100% D. ovalifolium. There was a positive linear regression (r² = 0.97***) of the δ13C of the diet with the δ13C of faeces, but if the acquired diet contained a very high proportion of legume, the legume content could be underestimated by as much as 10%. None of the internal indicators, such as lignin or ash content of the diets, were useful to predict feed intake, but the chromium oxide external indicator performed satisfactorily. The 13C analysis of the faeces was an effective predictor of the proportion of the legume in the consumed diet.
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Shakira, G., IH Mirza, and A. Latif. "Scope of common DNA based methods for the study of rumen bacterial population." Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science 41, no. 2 (2013): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14134.
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Innovative methods in relation to rumen microbiology are mainly focused on the study of rumen microbial population. Rumen ecosystem is highly responsive to changes in diet, age, antibiotic use, health of the host animal, which varies according to geographical location, season, and feeding scheme. Until recently, knowledge of rumen fermentation was primarily studied using classical culture-based techniques, such as isolation, enumeration and nutritional characterization, which probably only account for 10 to 20% of the rumen microbial biomass. An increase in bacterial numbers recovered from the rumen is the most reproducible effect of dietary yeast supplementation, and it has been recognized that the increased bacterial population especially cellulolytic bacteria is central to the action of the yeast in improving ruminant productivity . Many DNA based methods have described the diet dependent shift in the diversity of rumen bacterial population. This paper is primarily aimed to see different DNA based methods for study rumen bacterial population.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i2.14134Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2012. 41 (2): 141-146
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Murakami, Kentaro, Nana Shinozaki, Shizuko Masayasu, and M. Barbara E. Livingstone. "Web-Based Personalized Nutrition System for Delivering Dietary Feedback Based on Behavior Change Techniques: Development and Pilot Study among Dietitians." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (2021): 3391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103391.
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Given the complex and varied nature of individual characteristics influencing dietary behaviors, personalized dietary advice may be more effective than generalized “one-size-fits-all” advice. In this paper, we describe a web-based personalized nutrition system for improving the quality of overall diet in the general adult population. The development process included identification of appropriate behavior change techniques, modification of dietary assessment method (Meal-based Diet History Questionnaire; MDHQ), selection of dietary components, and a personalized dietary feedback tool. A pilot study was conducted online among 255 dietitians. Each completed the MDHQ, received his/her own dietary feedback report, and evaluated the relevance of the report based on 12 questions using a 5-point Likert scale from “totally disagree” (score 1) to “totally agree” (score 5). The mean value of overall acceptability score of dietary feedback report was 4.2. The acceptability score was, on average, higher in plausible energy reporters (compared with implausible energy reporters), participants who printed out the report (compared with those who did not), and those spending ≥20 min to read the report (compared with those spending <20 min). This is the first attempt to develop a web-based personalized nutrition system in Japan, where dietitians were broadly supportive of the dietary feedback report.
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van Doorn-van Atten, Marije, Lisette de Groot, Jeanne de Vries, and Annemien Haveman-Nies. "Determinants of Behaviour Change in a Multi-Component Telemonitoring Intervention for Community-Dwelling Older Adults." Nutrients 10, no. 8 (2018): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10081062.
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Optimal diet quality and physical activity levels are essential for healthy ageing. This study evaluated the effects of a multi-component telemonitoring intervention on behavioural determinants of diet quality and physical activity in older adults, and assessed the mediating role of these determinants and two behaviour change techniques in the intervention’s effects. A non-randomised controlled design was used including 214 participants (average age 80 years) who were allocated to the intervention or control group based on municipality. The six-month intervention consisted of self-measurements of nutritional outcomes and physical activity, education, and follow-up by a nurse. The control group received regular care. Measurements took place at baseline, after 4.5 months and at the end of the study. The intervention increased self-monitoring and improved knowledge and perceived behavioural control for physical activity. Increased self-monitoring mediated the intervention’s effect on diet quality, fruit intake, and saturated fatty acids intake. Improved knowledge mediated the effect on protein intake. Concluding, this intervention led to improvements in behavioural determinants of diet quality and physical activity. The role of the hypothesised mediators was limited. Insight into these mechanisms of impact provides directions for future development of nutritional eHealth interventions for older adults, in which self-monitoring may be a promising behaviour change technique. More research is necessary into how behaviour change is established in telemonitoring interventions for older adults.
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Richard, Denis, Pierre Boily, Marie-Claude Dufresne, and Martin Lecompte. "Energy balance and facultative diet-induced thermogenesis in mice fed a high-fat diet." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 10 (1988): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-212.
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The present study was aimed at studying energy balance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Albino mice were divided into three groups. One group had free access to the stock diet, whereas the two other groups consumed a high-fat diet. One of the high-fat fed groups was fed ad libitum, whereas the other was offered a restricted amount of the same diet so that its energy intake was comparable to the group of mice given the stock diet. Energy balance measurements, which included indirect calorimetry and carcass analysis, were performed. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) properties were also investigated. The results show that gains in both body weight and fat were higher in mice that had free access to high-fat diet than in mice fed the stock diet. In animals given a restricted amount of the high-fat diet, fat gain increased, whereas protein gain was reduced in comparison with animals fed the stock diet. Unrestricted access to the high-fat diet led to an increase in both energy intake and energy gain. As revealed by both slaughter and indirect calorimetry techniques energy expenditure was, in high-fat fed mice, 40% higher than in animals fed either stock or a restricted amount of high-fat diet. Nadolol was shown to suppress a large part of the elevated metabolic rate seen in mice fed an unrestricted high-fat diet. In those mice, BAT mitochondrial GDP binding was also increased. In summary, the present results confirm that adaptive diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) develops in mice made hyperphagic by an energy-dense palatable diet. The present study provides further evidence that adaptive DIT is mediated by the sympathetic nervous system and involves BAT. Finally, it appears that the extent to which adaptive DIT develops is related to the degree of hyperphagia.
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Leal, Soraya Coelho, Orlando Ayrton de Toledo, and Ana Cristina Barreto Bezerra. "Morphological alterations of the parotid gland of rats maintained on a liquid diet." Brazilian Dental Journal 14, no. 3 (2003): 172–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402003000300006.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze the morphological alterations that occurred in the parotid glands of rats maintained on a liquid diet compared to a solid diet. Thirty-six animals were randomly divided into two groups. The control group received a solid diet, and the experimental group received a liquid diet. The animals were killed after 8, 15 and 30 days. The glands were prepared for inclusion in paraffin and analyzed with a light microscope. The results showed a statistically significant reduction of the parotid gland weight of the animals from the experimental group compared to the control group at 15 and 30 days. The strongest morphological alteration displayed was the presence of cytoplasm vacuoles on the parotid glands of the animals maintained on the liquid diet. Specific stain techniques for glycoproteins and mucopolysaccarides could not identify the substances inside the vacuoles observed in the experimental animals. We conclude that a liquid diet caused atrophy of the parotid gland after 15 and 30 days.
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Ding, Yao Yao, Tadafumi Adschiri, Garry A. Williams, et al. "Validation of BioDent TDI as a New Clinical Diagnostic Method." Advanced Materials Research 275 (July 2011): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.275.151.
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Indentation is a mature technique that has been widely used in materials science to investigate the mechanical properties of metals and thin films. The indentation technique provides accurate modulus and hardness values of materials over many length scales and can target specific microstructures within heterogeneous materials. A more traditional engineering approach for mechanical properties is three point bend testing which provides an indication of the general fracture performance of the material. The breaking force and toughness results determined are based on the materials overall structure and composition. However, for both techniques, the testing specimen requires certain degree of process. This study evaluated a new indentation technique, which is able to penetrate biological tissues, apply compressive loads on the bone surface and record the resulting displacement, using wild type rats fed with a standard diet. In this study, both femurs from the same animal were tested followed by the three point bending to reach structural failure. We found a correlation between the two techniques and the properties of the bone in the animal model.
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Pragholapati, Andria, Seliana Dwi Rahmawati, and Titin Mulyati. "Description of Diet Patterns in Young Women at SMAN 24 Bandung." Journal of Applied Food and Nutrition 1, no. 1 (2022): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jafn.v1i1.34324.
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This research is motivated by the large number of young women who often experience dissatisfaction with their body shape, this is because at puberty the appearance of fat in several parts of the body causes disproportionate perceptions of the body. For this reason, many young women go on unhealthy diets to get instant results. According to data from UKS at SMAN 24 Bandung, many students who entered the UKS were due to weakness, gastritis, and even fainting. When a study of the phenomenon was carried out on 10 female students at SMAN 24 Bandung, 9 students admitted that they were dissatisfied with their bodies and were on a diet. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body image and dietary patterns in young women at SMAN 24 Bandung in 2015. The research method used is quantitative with quantitative descriptive types. The sample in this study were 86 students at SMAN 24 Bandung, which were obtained by purposive sampling and stratified random sampling techniques. Data collection using a questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale. The data that has been collected is analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques (univariate. The results of statistical tests show that most young women have an unhealthy diet (54.7%). It is recommended that health services should be able to facilitate a counseling program in the form of seminars and discussions for adolescents to examine more deeply about dietary patterns in order to provide the needed solutions.
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Varalli, Alessandra, Jocelyne Desideri, Mireille David-Elbiali, Gwenaëlle Goude, Matthieu Honegger, and Marie Besse. "Bronze Age innovations and impact on human diet: A multi-isotopic and multi-proxy study of western Switzerland." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021): e0245726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245726.
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The archaeological Bronze Age record in Europe reveals unprecedented changes in subsistence strategies due to innovative farming techniques and new crop cultivation. Increasing cultural exchanges affected the economic system. The inhabitants of Switzerland played a pivotal role in this European context through relationships with the Mediterranean, the High and Middle Danube regions and the Alps thanks to the area’s central position. This research aims to reconstruct, for the first time in Switzerland, human socio-economic systems through the study of human diet, herding and farming practices and their changes throughout the Bronze Age (2200–800 BCE) by means of biochemical markers. The study includes 41 human, 22 terrestrial and aquatic animal specimens and 30 charred seeds and chaff samples from sites in western Switzerland. Stable isotope analyses were performed on cereal and legume seeds (δ13C, δ15N), animal bone collagen (δ13Ccoll, δ15N, δ34S), human bone and tooth dentine collagen (δ13Ccoll, δ15N,) and human tooth enamel (δ13Cenamel). The isotopic data suggest a) an intensification of soil fertilization and no hydric stress throughout the Bronze Age, b) a human diet mainly composed of terrestrial resources despite the proximity of Lake Geneva and the Rhone river, c) a diet based on C3 plants during the Early and Middle Bronze Age as opposed to the significant consumption of 13C-enriched resources (probably millet) by individuals from the Final Bronze Age, d) no important changes in dietary patterns throughout an individual’s lifespan but a more varied diet in childhood compared to adulthood, e) no differences in diet according to biological criteria (age, sex) or funerary behavior (burial architecture, grave goods).
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Shoneye, Charlene L., Barbara Mullan, Andrea Begley, Christina M. Pollard, Jonine Jancey, and Deborah A. Kerr. "Design and Development of a Digital Weight Management Intervention (ToDAy): Qualitative Study." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 8, no. 9 (2020): e17919. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/17919.
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Background The Tailored Diet and Activity (ToDAy) study aims to build on the campaign by adding a digital intervention with the potential to provide wide-reaching, cost-effective weight management support. Objective The ToDAy study aims to build a tailored intervention using mobile technology to improve diet and physical activity behaviours in adults with overweight and obesity. The main objectives were to identify behavior change techniques for diet and physical activity (PA) change for weight loss and explore preferences for digital intervention features that would be effective in changing diet and PA behaviors. Methods This qualitative study uses the principles of a person-based approach to intervention development; the behavioral intervention technology framework; and the capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior (COM-B) framework. Focus groups and telephone interviews were conducted with 56 adults in Western Australia. Open-ended questions and example intervention features were used to explore the usability and acceptability of the self-monitoring tools, knowledge about effective weight-loss strategies, and acceptability of tailored feedback. Findings from the focus groups and interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Qualitative findings revealed an awareness of key public health messages but a lack of confidence in how to perform these behaviors to help manage their weight. A total of 4 major themes were identified and mapped to the domains of the COM-B framework: (1) misinformation, (2) environmental support, (3) social norms, and (4) confidence. Conclusions This study explores users’ capability, opportunity, and motivation to perform the target behaviors for weight loss. The findings suggested that a digital weight management intervention using a mobile food record and activity trackers to inform tailored feedback may be acceptable and feasible. Participants expressed a preference for simple expert advice, digital self-monitoring tools, and visual feedback. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/12782
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Acevedo, Jason L., Rahul K. Shah, and Scott E. Brietzke. "Systematic Review of Complications of Tonsillotomy versus Tonsillectomy." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 146, no. 6 (2012): 871–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599812439017.
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Objective. Intracapsular tonsillotomy continues to gain acceptance as an alternative to traditional tonsillectomy. Despite large clinical studies, there is a lack of consensus as to which technique offers lower complication rates. This study seeks to analyze the available data and surmise the complication rates of partial tonsillectomy as compared with traditional tonsillectomy. Data Sources. MEDLINE was searched using multiple search terms. Review Methods. After the MEDLINE search, the following inclusion criteria were applied: English language, human subjects, and related to partial tonsillectomy. Multiple tonsillotomy techniques were included. The results of these studies were summated and the results analyzed. Subgroup analysis was then performed. Results. Thirty-three studies met inclusion criteria. Tonsillotomy had a lower postoperative bleeding rate, lower postoperative dehydration rate requiring medical care, reduced days of analgesic use, and reduced days to return to normal diet compared with tonsillectomy. When separated into higher versus lower quality studies, the differences in bleeding and dehydration were negligible, while differences in return to diet and days of analgesic use persisted. Mean intraoperative blood loss was similar for both techniques. Insufficient data were available to assess tonsil regrowth rates. Conclusions. Tonsillotomy appears to be a safe technique that may offer some advantages over tonsillectomy in terms of postoperative morbidity, but differences in hemorrhage and dehydration were not evident in high-quality studies. Data regarding tonsil regrowth rates and efficacy in treating sleep-disordered breathing are not yet sufficient for formal analysis, which may preclude widespread acceptance of this technique.
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Torar, Alfany Natalia, Semuel Tambuwun, Herlina P. Memah, and Yourisna Pasambo. "DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN KEPATUHAN DIET LANSIA PENDERITA HIPERTENSI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS TUMPAAN." Jurnal Ilmiah Perawat Manado (Juiperdo) 8, no. 01 (2020): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47718/jpd.v8i01.903.
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Introduction Data obtained from the working area of Puskesmas Tumpaan found that hypertension in the elderly was the first prominent disease in the range of January-December 2017, as many as 465 patients and in 2018 the number of patients was 510. Based on preliminary studies of elderly people with high blood pressure, said their blood pressure often increases because they do not adhere to a diet. Lack of support from family members can influence the compliance behavior of implementing a hypertension diet.
 The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between family support and adherence to the diet of elderly people with hypertension in the work area of the Puskesmas Tumpaan in the coastal areas and and mountain areas.
 This type of research is Correlation Analytic with cross sectional design. The population in this study is the elderly with hypertension. The sampling technique uses proportional random sampling with a total of 84 people divided into 42 people in coastal areas and 42 people in mountain areas and data analysis techniques using the Chi Square test.
 The results showed that in the coastal areas 31% of respondents with good family support, 40% of respondents had adequate family support and 29% of respondents had less family support while 52% showed adherent diet adherence and 48% adherence to non-adherent diet. The results of the chi-square statistical test (Pearson chi-square) obtained a P-value of 0.008, meaning that the P-value <0.05. The results of the study in the mountain areas of 40% of respondents with good family support, 31% of respondents with adequate family support and 29% of respondents with less family support, 57% showed adherent diet adherence and 43% of adherent diet adherence. The results of the chi-square statistical test (Pearson chi-square) obtained a P-value of 0.021, meaning that the P-value <0.05.
 The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship of family support with adherence to the diet of elderly patients with hypertension in both coastal and mountain areas.
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MARTINS, H., D. A. ELSTON, R. W. MAYES, and J. A. MILNE. "Assessment of the use of n-alkanes as markers to describe the complex diets of herbivores." Journal of Agricultural Science 138, no. 4 (2002): 425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859602002046.
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Previous approaches to the description of complex diets, based on n-alkanes and optimization techniques, have grouped the plant species to reduce the number of components. Diet estimates have been obtained with least-squares routines by minimizing the discrepancy between faecal alkane concentrations calculated from herbage concentrations and actual faecal alkane concentrations. The effect of diet selection within groups can only be assessed by using sensitivity tests or by giving subjective weights to the individual plants. In the current study, a new optimization algorithm was developed that selects weightings that lead to consistent estimates of group proportions. The diet of the wild rabbit in a southern Portuguese montado was used as a case study. Estimates of the diet composition obtained using the new algorithm were compared with those of a conventional routine. The new algorithm was shown to provide, on average, more accurate estimates of the proportions of the groups in the diet. The effect of grouping plant species according to criteria other than similarity in n-alkane pattern on the accuracy of estimates was shown to be non-significant.
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Ruiz-Roso, Isabel Cuesta, Gregorio, Baltasar. "Comparative study of two techniques for assessing fat intake in a Mediterranean diet. The influence of culinary oils changes." International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 51, no. 4 (2000): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637480050077149.
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Sun, Nick Ching-Min, Chun-Chieh Liang, Bo-Ye Chen, Chung-Chi Lin, Kurtis Jai-Chyi Pei, and Hou-Feng Li. "Comparison of two faecal analysis techniques to assess Formosan pangolin Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla diet." Mammalia 84, no. 1 (2019): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2018-0139.
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Abstract The diet of myrmecophagous mammals is usually studied by investigating the chitinous remains of termites and ants obtained from stomachs, guts, and faeces; however, this process is time and labour intensive. Moreover, faeces of obligate myrmecophagous mammals contain other materials such as soil, sand, rocks, and plant matter, which hinder the accurate and efficient identification of faeces’ contents; this makes estimating the biomass of each prey species difficult. This study tested non-filtering and filtering faecal analysis procedures and compared their identification accuracy and efficiency in the analysis of Formosan pangolin Manis pentadactyla pentadactyla faeces. In the non-filtering procedure, 1 g of dried faeces was distributed over an area greater than 360 cm2 to be able to see most ant capsules and termite mandibles. In the filtering procedure, 0.5 cm3 of filtered chitinous remains of termites and ants was spread over a 45 cm2 area to obtain a high resolution of the diet composition. The filtering procedure can sieve out insect remains from the debris, which facilitates further identification of the insect chitin. Using the two proposed faecal analysis procedures, the prey species composition and the number of prey remains could be obtained. Our results provide a quantitative method to evaluate the diversity of wild pangolin’s diets for determining their ecological requirements and developing in-situ and ex-situ conservation plans.
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Ackermans, Nicole L. "The history of mesowear: a review." PeerJ 8 (February 13, 2020): e8519. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8519.
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Published mesowear data was reviewed from the year 2000 to November 2019 (211 publications, 707 species, 1,396 data points). Mesowear is a widely applied tooth wear technique that can be used to infer a herbivore’s diet by scoring the height and sharpness of molar tooth cusps with the naked eye. Established as a fast and efficient tool for paleodiet reconstruction, the technique has seen multiple adaptations, simplifications, and extensions since its establishment, which have become complex to follow. The present study reviews all successive changes and adaptations to the mesowear technique in detail, providing a template for the application of each technique to the research question at hand. In addition, the array of species to which mesowear has been applied, along with the equivalent recorded diets have been compiled here in a large dataset. This review provides an insight into the metrics related to mesowear publication since its establishment. The large dataset overviews whether the species to which the various techniques of mesowear are applied are extant or extinct, their phylogenetic classification, their assigned diets and diet stability between studies, as a resource for future research on the topic.
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Carnell, Joanne D., Sam Page, Dave Goulson, and William O. H. Hughes. "Trialling techniques for rearing long-tongued bumblebees under laboratory conditions." Apidologie 51, no. 2 (2019): 254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13592-019-00707-7.
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AbstractBumblebees are important pollinating insects, but many species have suffered declines over the last century. Long-tongued bumblebees have been identified as particularly at risk, partly due to their more selective diet. Attempts to study these species in captivity have been impeded by stress-induced behaviours which cause queens to kill or abandon their brood. Here, we attempt to further develop techniques, using queen pairing and Bombus terrestris cocoons, to successfully rear two common long-tongued bumblebee species (B. pascuorum and B. hortorum) in captivity. Approximately half of queens laid eggs and 29% produced workers. Although challenges remain, there is a great deal to be gained from optimising the captive rearing of these species.
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LEIRO, Larissa Silveira, and Mariana Silva Melendez-ARAÚJO. "Diet micronutrient adequacy of women after 1 year of gastric bypass." ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) 27, suppl 1 (2014): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-6720201400s100006.
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BACKGROUND: The more effective treatment for severe obesity is bariatric surgery. Gastric bypass is a surgical technique used worldwide; however, as well as other techniques; it has postoperative risks, including nutrient deficiency. AIM: To determine the amounts of dietary iron, calcium, vitamin D and vitamin B12 ingested by patients of a public hospital one year after gastric bypass, and compare with the recommendations of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. METHODS: This was a transverse descriptive study and the sample consisted of 36 women, with at least one year of gastric bypass. Data collected included sociodemographic, anthropometric and diet variables. Dietetic information was collected through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Ingestion of iron, calcium, vitamin D and vitamina B12 was evaluated in comparison with the Recommended Dietary Allowances, as well as correlation of micronutrient ingestion with time of surgery. RESULTS: There was inadequate consumption of iron, calcium and vitamin D. The vitamin B12 intake was considered adequate. There was statistically significant positive correlation between the time of surgery and the ingestion of iron, vitamin B12 and vitamin D. CONCLUSION: The intake of iron, calcium and vitamin D of women one year after gastric bypass was inadequate, emphasizing the importance of multiprofessional monitoring postoperatively to prevent nutrient deficiencies.
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van der Lubbe, Laura M., Michel C. A. Klein, Marjolein Visser, Hanneke A. H. Wijnhoven, and Ilse Reinders. "Insights on the Effect and Experience of a Diet-Tracking Application for Older Adults in a Diet Trial." Technologies 10, no. 1 (2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies10010031.
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With an ageing population, healthy ageing becomes more important. Healthy nutrition is part of this process and can be supported in many ways. The PROMISS trial studies the effect of increasing protein intake in older adults on their physical functioning. Within this trial, a sub-study was performed, researching the added effect of using a diet-tracking app enhanced with persuasive and (optional) gamification techniques. The goal was to see how older adult participants received such technology within their diet program. There were 48 participants included in this sub-study, of which 36 completed the study period of 6 months. Our results on adherence and user evaluation show that a dedicated app used within the PROMISS trial is a feasible way to engage older adults in diet tracking. On average, participants used the app 83% of the days, during a period of on average 133 days. User-friendliness was evaluated with an average score of 4.86 (out of 7), and experienced effectiveness was evaluated with an average score of 4.57 (out of 7). However, no effect of the technology on protein intake was found. The added gamification elements did not have a different effect compared with the version without those elements. However, some participants did like the added gamification elements, and it can thus be nice to add them as additional features for participants that like them. This article also studies whether personal characteristics correlate with any of the other results. Although some significant results were found, this does not give a clear view on which types of participants like or benefit from this technology.
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Adiutama, Novian Mahayu, Hera Hijriani, Wawan Kurniawan, and Wardah Fauziah. "Deep Breathing Relaxation Techniques to Lowering Systolic Blood Pressure in the Elderly: Randomized Control Trial." Journal Of Nursing Practice 5, no. 2 (2022): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jnp.v5i2.213.
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Background: Continuous high blood pressure causes the heart to work extra hard, eventually this condition results in damage to the blood vessels of the heart, kidneys, brain, and eyes. Hypertension management is recommended to minimize pharmacological therapy with the aim of avoiding side effects. Non-pharmacological efforts that can be done in patients with hypertension are by controlling various aspects such as deep breathing techniques. Purpose: This study aims to determine the effect of deep breathing relaxation techniques to reducing blood pressure in the elderly with hypertension. Methods: Quasy-experiment pre-post-test with control group were conducted on 108 elderlies with hypertension at a Puskesmas located in Subang with simple random sampling technique. This study was conducted by providing deep breathing techniques to the elderly in the treatment group for 3 months. The statistical test used was the independent t test and chi-square. Conclusion: The deep breathing relaxation technique given at a dose of 15 minutes 3 times a day for 3 months has been shown to have an effect on reducing blood pressure in the elderly. Future research can conduct research on deep breathing by paying more attention to confounding variables such as stress, anxiety, and diet.