Academic literature on the topic 'Dietary cellulose'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dietary cellulose"
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Punyanunt, Sawanya, Phawinee Nanta, and Rinrampai Puttipan. "Green-Chemical Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Pineapple Cores using Microfluidization." Trends in Sciences 22, no. 2 (2024): 9085. https://doi.org/10.48048/tis.2025.9085.
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The production of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from pineapple cores (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) involves green-chemical cellulose extraction followed by microfluidization. The chemical composition of pineapple cores was initially analyzed to assess their suitability for cellulose production. The analysis revealed that the pineapple cores contained 94.18 ± 0.20 % insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), while soluble dietary fiber (SDF) comprised only 0.31 ± 0.01 %, and consequently suitable for cellulose extraction. The cellulose extraction from pineapple cores involved removing non-cellulosic components: 1) Control (washed with water), under a green-chemical method with 0.1 M citric acid for 20 min at different temperatures, 2) Boiling (100 °C), and 3) Autoclaving (121 °C). Autoclaving with citric acid achieved the highest cellulose content (72.77 %), with minimal hemicellulose (21.44 %), lignin (13.33 %), galacturonic acid (3.42 %), and residual total sugar (1.82 %). The short extraction duration of only 20 min produces high-purity cellulose comparable to that obtained through alkaline and bleaching methods. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that this method effectively removed non-cellulosic materials, increasing fiber porosity. The cellulose was then microfluidized at 25,000 psi (172 MPa) through 1 - 5 cycles, reducing the fiber diameters from 80.25 to 62.46 nm. Rheological testing revealed that NFC exhibited a higher storage modulus (G') than loss modulus (G''), suggesting gel-like behavior. NFC suspensions at 0.5 and 1 % concentrations showed viscosities of 3.35 - 3.85 cPs and 3.75 - 4.40 cPs, respectively. Therefore, NFC can function as a stabilizing agent for food without significantly altering the viscosity. HIGHLIGHTS Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was efficiently extracted from pineapple cores using a green-chemical cellulose extraction method followed by microfluidization, offering an environmentally friendly alternative. Cellulose extraction via autoclaving with citric acid yielded the highest cellulose content (72.77 %) in a 1-step process and demonstrated superior purification efficiency. The rheological properties of NFC revealed gel-like behavior, indicating its potential as a stabilizing agent in food systems without significantly altering the viscosity. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Patel, Nimisha Dharmesh, and Dharmesh Amrutbhai Patel. "Molecular Characterization, Production and Optimization of Cellulase Producer and its Industrial Applications." Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia 20, no. 3 (2023): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bbra/3156.
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Background: Plant cell walls are composed primarily of cellulose, making it the most common organic polymer on Earth. The utilization of microorganisms to convert cellulose into valuable products has gained significant attention worldwide. This study aims to isolate novel cellulase-producing microorganisms and investigate the influence of dietary and physicochemical factors on cellulase production, as well as evaluate the potential applications of a selected isolated strain. Materials and Methods: The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain was identified as the most efficient producer of cellulase among various cellulase-producing bacterial strains isolated during the research. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of this strain were characterized. To determine the optimal conditions for cellulase production, various parameters such as raw substrates, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, inoculum age, inoculum size, agitation rate, incubation duration, and pH were investigated. Results: The study found that sugarcane bagasse, molasses, and paper pulp exhibited the highest cellulase production capacity, with respective enzyme activities of 0.97, 0.98, and 0.88 IU/mL. Maximum cellulase production occurred at a temperature of 37°C, an inoculum size of 2.5%, an inoculum age of 24 hours, an agitation rate of 120 rpm, an incubation time of 48 hours, and a pH of 7 with 1% peptone. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens isolate was successfully applied to convert lignocellulosic waste into ethanol and fermentable sugars through saccharification and fermentation of cellulose, demonstrating its significant effectiveness. Conclusion: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain isolated in this study proved to be a highly efficient producer of cellulase. The optimized production media led to improved enzyme production, and the isolate showed promising results in the industrial application of converting cellulosic waste into ethanol. The 16s rRNA sequencing confirmed the identity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens , which was deposited under the accession number MN081796 in the NCBI database. In this study we discussed the possible low-cost, enzymatic pretreatment methods of lignocellulosic material in order to use it as an efficient raw material for biofuel production. These findings contribute to the understanding and potential utilization of cellulose producing microorganisms in various biotechnological applications.
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Xie, Fengying, Tian Zhao, Hongchen Wan, et al. "Structural and Physicochemical Characteristics of Rice Bran Dietary Fiber by Cellulase and High-Pressure Homogenization." Applied Sciences 9, no. 7 (2019): 1270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9071270.
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The present paper aims to study the effect of cellulase hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization on the structural and physicochemical properties of rice bran dietary fiber (RB-DF). Scanning electron microscopy showed that cellulase treatment led to the formation of a porous structure on RB-DF surface. High-pressure homogenization affected the laminated microstructure of RB-DF, leading to the formation of an irregular and loose surface structure. X-ray diffraction demonstrated that joint processing destroyed the amorphous hemicellulose and cellulose regions, and changed the crystallinity of RB-DF, albeit with a minor impact on the crystalline region of cellulose. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that combined processing promoted dissociation of some glycosidic bonds in fiber structure, exposing the hydroxyl groups in cellulose, thus improving their ability to bind water molecules. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a significant decrease in the thermal decomposition temperature of RB-DF (p <0.05) as well as a decrease in thermal stability after combined processing. Cellulase hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization treatment did not improve their oil holding capacity, but significantly increased water holding capacity, swelling capability, and cation exchange capacity of RB-DF. Thus, enzymatic hydrolysis and high-pressure homogenization treatment can change the structure of RB-DF, exposing a large number of hydrophilic groups and enhancing hydration, obtaining uniform RB-DF particle.
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Lucimara, MC Cordeiro. "J Food Sci Nutr The." Journal of Food Science and Nutrition Therapy 3, no. 1 (2017): 001–6. https://doi.org/10.17352/jfsnt.000006.
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Structural characteristics of dietary fibers are closely related to its biological functions in the human body. Previously, soluble dietary fibers from prunes were extracted and characterized. In this work, structural analysis of insoluble dietary fibers was conducted using monosaccharide composition, methylation, molecular weight determination and 13C-NMR data. Prunes’ non-cellulosic insoluble fibers were found to contain, a pectic type I arabinogalactan, a fucogalactoxyloglucan and a heteroxylan. These findings suggest that insoluble dietary fibers can be composed by some pectic polysaccharides besides cellulose and hemicellulosic polymers. This paper brings important structural features of insoluble dietary fibers from prunes that may be of biological significance.
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Divyashree, K., Sankar Amar, Chandni R.C., and V. Raghu A. "DIETARY FIBER IMPORTANCE IN FOOD AND IMPACT ON HEALTH." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 5, no. 4 RAST (2017): 17–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.846392.
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Dietary fibre is a non-digestable part of plant material in the diet which is resistant to enzymatic digestion in humans which includes cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharides such as hemicellulose, pectic substances, gums, mucilages and a non-carbohydrate component lignin. The diet rich in fibre such as cereals, nuts, fruits and vegetables have a positive effect on health since their consumption has been related to decreased incidence of several diseases. Higher intakes of dietary fiber are linked to less cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, intestinal cancer, constipation, and other disorders that have serious adverse effects on the health of human beings and also higher intakes of fiber are linked to lower body weights. So improvement of diet with high fiber will help in maintaining good health when consumed in the required amount.
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Hilman, A., T. Karo-karo, Azhari, H. Sakdiah, N. A. Salma, and I. Pangestu. "Hydrolysis of alkaline treatment and characterization of cellulose fibrils from processing waste of bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharide." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 977, no. 1 (2022): 012087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/977/1/012087.
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Abstract Cellulose fibrils are insoluble dietary fibres in the processing waste of bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharides (WSP). The researcher has investigated the characterization of chemical and morphological properties of WSP bengkoang in previous studies. However, the processing waste of the insoluble dietary fibres from WSP bengkoang still needs to be studied. This research aim is to hydrolyze and characterize the cellulose fibrils from bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharides. The results showed that the crude fibres assisted with alkaline treatment would lead to the swollen thread and remove materials like soluble and insoluble lignin to become cellulose fibrils. The morphology of natural fibres has mixed with starch from the processing waste of bengkoang water-soluble polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the cellulose fibrils look clear with a dimension of around 10–14 μm. The FTIR graph shows a degradation in the quantum of linking materials allows in the fibres due to alkaline treatment. The raw fibres characteristic peak does not appear due to alkaline hydrolisis treatment. The peak between 1200 and 1300 cm-1 which decreases due to alkaline treatment is mainly responsible for the wax, lignin, pectin, and other impurities components. The color degree of cellulose fibrils were indicate due to the removal of other impurities and non-cellulosic components.
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González, Elena, Ana Isabel Carrapiso, Nuria Canibe, and Knud Erik Bach Knudsen. "Variability within L. albus and L. angustifolius Seeds in Dietary Fiber Components." Foods 13, no. 2 (2024): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13020299.
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Lupin seeds have received increased attention due to their applications in the nutrition of humans and livestock. One of their special features is their high content of dietary fiber, which is influenced by the lupin species. No previous studies have focused on the variability in dietary fiber and its fractions within species so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the variability within L. albus and L. angustifolius (eight cultivars each) in the dietary fiber composition expressed as low-molecular-weight soluble dietary fiber (LMWSDF), soluble and insoluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides, cellulose, and Klason lignin. Additionally, we analyzed the proximate composition and the composition of amino acids and fatty acids. The results showed noticeable variability within both species not only in the total dietary fiber but also in all its fractions, especially in LMWSDF, cellulose, non-starch polysaccharides, and Klason lignin within L. angustifolius. This indicates that the cultivar choice should be based on the application for which it is used. Even though important nutrients, such as the most indispensable amino acids, are not highly variable within L. albus, dietary fiber variations can still have a marked influence on the nutritional value because of their influence on the digestibility of other nutrients.
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Woodward, Janet H. "Cellulase-gold labelling of cellulose in forages." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 1012–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100157048.
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Current fiber analyses provide information on the chemical and structural composition of the fiber as a whole. However, these techniques do not offer insight into the compositional and structural differences between specific fiber tissues which may affect digestibility. The purpose of this study was to: (1) ultrastructurally localize one cell wall constituent, cellulose, in four forages; and (2) apply this technique as a tool for the evaluation of biodegradation in forages.Insoluble fibers were prepared using a modified AOAC Total Dietary Fiber Technique. Two millimeter sections cut from leaflets of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and 1-76 1espedeza [Sericea cuneata (Dumont)] and leaves of coastal bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L. Pers.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were incubated stepwise with: (1) α-amylase, pH 6.0 for ½ h at 100°C; (2) protease, pH 7.5 for ½ h at 60°C; (3) amyloglucosidase, pH 4.5 for ½ h at 60°C, and (4) 1% (w/v) cellulase in 0.05 M sodium acetate buffer, pH 5.0 for 24 h at 37°C.
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Liang, Li, Wang Tie-qiao, Xue Bei, Liu Zhen-dong, and Zou Lan. "Chemical Composition and Functional Characteristics of Dietary Fibers from Pingguoli Pear (Pyrus Bretschneideri Rehd. cv. Pingguoli Pear)." Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research 18, no. 1 (2018): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.18:39-45.
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In this study, apple–pear pomace dietary fibers were treated with acid, alkali, cellulase, and hemicellulase. The effects of these treatments on the chemical constitutions, structural characteristics, functional properties, and the quality of apple–pear pomace dietary fibers were investigated. The results showed that the purity of apple–pear pomace dietary fibers was 79–83%, and the fiber contained cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, and lignin. Their monosaccharide structures included mannose, glucosamine, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose, and fucose. The scanning electron microscopy showed that all the apple–pear pomace dietary fibers were beehive shaped, but their functional and physico-chemical properties were different. Using the main constituents and the functional and physico-chemical properties as indicators, through a principal component analysis, we determined the main constituents and characteristics of four apple–pear pomace dietary fibers.
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Thielemans, Karel, Yamina De Bondt, Luke Comer, et al. "Decreasing the Crystallinity and Degree of Polymerization of Cellulose Increases Its Susceptibility to Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation by Colon Microbiota." Foods 12, no. 5 (2023): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12051100.
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Cellulose can be isolated from various raw materials and agricultural side streams and might help to reduce the dietary fiber gap in our diets. However, the physiological benefits of cellulose upon ingestion are limited beyond providing fecal bulk. It is barely fermented by the microbiota in the human colon due to its crystalline character and high degree of polymerization. These properties make cellulose inaccessible to microbial cellulolytic enzymes in the colon. In this study, amorphized and depolymerized cellulose samples with an average degree of polymerization of less than 100 anhydroglucose units and a crystallinity index below 30% were made from microcrystalline cellulose using mechanical treatment and acid hydrolysis. This amorphized and depolymerized cellulose showed enhanced digestibility by a cellulase enzyme blend. Furthermore, the samples were fermented more extensively in batch fermentations using pooled human fecal microbiota, with minimal fermentation degrees up to 45% and a more than eight-fold increase in short-chain fatty acid production. While this enhanced fermentation turned out to be highly dependent on the microbial composition of the fecal pool, the potential of engineering cellulose properties to increased physiological benefit was demonstrated.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dietary cellulose"
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Pavasovic, Ana. "Evaluation of the nutritional requirements of redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16615/1/Ana_Pavasovic_Thesis.pdf.
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Aquaculture represents a sustainable alternative to natural fisheries for provision of high quality, animal protein. Crustaceans make a significant contribution to global aquaculture production, of which decapods are the most economically important group. Among freshwater crayfish, the genus Cherax includes several species that have emerged as important culture species. A suite of favourable biological attributes, including fast growth and an omnivorous feeding habit, have contributed to establishment of successful culture of Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw) in many countries. Aspects of redclaw production, however, remain relatively undeveloped, in particular feed formulation. To better understand the digestive processes and nutritional requirements of redclaw, this study examined the relationship between diet composition and digestive enzyme activity, growth performance and diet digestibility coefficients.
The extent to which redclaw can efficiently utilise complex polysaccharides, such as cellulose, has been speculated on by authors who reported endogenous cellulase activity in this species. I evaluated the use of insoluble α-cellulose by redclaw, demonstrated that high dietary levels (30%) can significantly reduce the specific activity of selected digestive enzymes (amylase and cellulase), while also lowering apparent digestibility coefficients. Inclusion of α-cellulose above 12% also significantly reduced survival rate, specific growth rate and feeding efficiency in this organism which corresponds with low tolerance for insoluble fibre by other decapods. Even though redclaw possess endogenous cellulases, they appear to have only a limited capacity to utilise insoluble fibre in their diets.
Further, I assessed the impact of different nutrient profiles on digestive enzyme activity, growth and tail muscle composition in redclaw. Purified diets containing varying levels of dietary protein significantly affected activity of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and cellulase) and the composition of the tail muscle tissue. Redclaw have a relatively low protein requirement, which was reflected here, as little significant difference was observed in growth rates and the feed conversion ratio was only significantly affected by the lowest protein diet. Manipulation of the non-protein energy component in purified diets (protein to lipid ratio) had no effect on growth performance indices in redclaw. Digestive enzyme activity (protease) was however, strongly influenced by both the amount of protein and lipid in the diet and a significant correlation was observed between protease activity and growth performance indices. The findings here, provide preliminary data for consideration of digestive enzymes such as proteases as potential growth indicators for freshwater crayfish. These enzymes are already recognised as reliable biological indicators for comparison of digestive efficiency and potential growth rate in fish. The relationship between diet composition and digestive enzyme expression observed here, stress the need for further empirical evaluation of specific ingredients in artificial diets for redclaw.
A range of single cell, plant and animal-based, agricultural products were assessed for their potential use in diets formulated for redclaw. Analysis of dietary supplements revealed that apparent digestibility of crude protein was generally higher for diets containing plant-based ingredients. A similar outcome was observed for digestibility coefficients of test ingredients. Ingredient type also had a significant effect on digestive enzyme activity. Importantly, a significant correlation was observed for enzyme activity and apparent digestibility coefficients. It appears that redclaw have the capacity to utilise nutrients from a broad range of dietary ingredients successfully including animal, single cell and in particular, plant matter in their diet.
Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that digestive enzyme activities in redclaw are significantly influenced by diet composition. I show clearly that the ability of redclaw to utilise various nutrients (measured as digestibility coefficients) is highly correlated with digestive enzyme activity. Finally, protease activity demonstrated a potential for use as an indicator of redclaw growth performance. The data presented here will contribute to development of better and cheaper feed formulations for use in redclaw aquaculture and have broader applications to freshwater crustacean culture. In particular, the potential for use of plant-based ingredients in aqua-feeds for redclaw will contribute to a more economically and environmentally sustainable redclaw culture.
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Pavasovic, Ana. "Evaluation of the nutritional requirements of redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16615/.
Full textAbstract:
Aquaculture represents a sustainable alternative to natural fisheries for provision of high quality, animal protein. Crustaceans make a significant contribution to global aquaculture production, of which decapods are the most economically important group. Among freshwater crayfish, the genus Cherax includes several species that have emerged as important culture species. A suite of favourable biological attributes, including fast growth and an omnivorous feeding habit, have contributed to establishment of successful culture of Cherax quadricarinatus (redclaw) in many countries. Aspects of redclaw production, however, remain relatively undeveloped, in particular feed formulation. To better understand the digestive processes and nutritional requirements of redclaw, this study examined the relationship between diet composition and digestive enzyme activity, growth performance and diet digestibility coefficients. The extent to which redclaw can efficiently utilise complex polysaccharides, such as cellulose, has been speculated on by authors who reported endogenous cellulase activity in this species. I evaluated the use of insoluble α-cellulose by redclaw, demonstrated that high dietary levels (30%) can significantly reduce the specific activity of selected digestive enzymes (amylase and cellulase), while also lowering apparent digestibility coefficients. Inclusion of α-cellulose above 12% also significantly reduced survival rate, specific growth rate and feeding efficiency in this organism which corresponds with low tolerance for insoluble fibre by other decapods. Even though redclaw possess endogenous cellulases, they appear to have only a limited capacity to utilise insoluble fibre in their diets. Further, I assessed the impact of different nutrient profiles on digestive enzyme activity, growth and tail muscle composition in redclaw. Purified diets containing varying levels of dietary protein significantly affected activity of digestive enzymes (protease, amylase and cellulase) and the composition of the tail muscle tissue. Redclaw have a relatively low protein requirement, which was reflected here, as little significant difference was observed in growth rates and the feed conversion ratio was only significantly affected by the lowest protein diet. Manipulation of the non-protein energy component in purified diets (protein to lipid ratio) had no effect on growth performance indices in redclaw. Digestive enzyme activity (protease) was however, strongly influenced by both the amount of protein and lipid in the diet and a significant correlation was observed between protease activity and growth performance indices. The findings here, provide preliminary data for consideration of digestive enzymes such as proteases as potential growth indicators for freshwater crayfish. These enzymes are already recognised as reliable biological indicators for comparison of digestive efficiency and potential growth rate in fish. The relationship between diet composition and digestive enzyme expression observed here, stress the need for further empirical evaluation of specific ingredients in artificial diets for redclaw. A range of single cell, plant and animal-based, agricultural products were assessed for their potential use in diets formulated for redclaw. Analysis of dietary supplements revealed that apparent digestibility of crude protein was generally higher for diets containing plant-based ingredients. A similar outcome was observed for digestibility coefficients of test ingredients. Ingredient type also had a significant effect on digestive enzyme activity. Importantly, a significant correlation was observed for enzyme activity and apparent digestibility coefficients. It appears that redclaw have the capacity to utilise nutrients from a broad range of dietary ingredients successfully including animal, single cell and in particular, plant matter in their diet. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that digestive enzyme activities in redclaw are significantly influenced by diet composition. I show clearly that the ability of redclaw to utilise various nutrients (measured as digestibility coefficients) is highly correlated with digestive enzyme activity. Finally, protease activity demonstrated a potential for use as an indicator of redclaw growth performance. The data presented here will contribute to development of better and cheaper feed formulations for use in redclaw aquaculture and have broader applications to freshwater crustacean culture. In particular, the potential for use of plant-based ingredients in aqua-feeds for redclaw will contribute to a more economically and environmentally sustainable redclaw culture.
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Каташов, Степан Олександрович. "Сорбція пробіотичних культур ентеросорбентами на основі високодисперсного кремнезему". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/39676.
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Магістерська дисертація: с., 22 рис., 17 табл., 81 посилання.
Важливим фактором ефективності пробіотикотерапії є виживаність клітин у шлунково-кишковому тракті та їх інтеграція в біоплівку кишечника. Тому набуло актуальності створення комбінованих препаратів з іммобілізованими культурами. Метою цієї роботи було дослідження впливу сорбції пробіотичних культур на гідро- та ксерогелі препарату «Ентеросгель» та на препараті «Силлард П». Об’єкт досліджень: комплекс сорбент-пробіотик. Предмет досліджень: виживаність пробіотичних культур після сорбції на ентеросорбентах на основі високодисперсного кремнезему. Методи досліджень: мікробіологічні.
Показано та візуалізовано сорбцію пробіотичних культур на гідро- та ксерогелі препарату «Ентеросгель» та на препараті «Силлард П»; спостерігали кращу сорбцію культури на вологому препараті, що пояснюється гідрофобністю сухого препарату.
Визначено, що іммобілізація на ентеросгелі спричиняла меншу загибель клітин, ніж на високодисперсному сухому порошку Силлард П. Встановлено, що виживаність іммобілізованих і не іммобілізованих зразків Lactobacillus plantarum після зберігання в протягом 30 діб у холодильнику за температури +4 оС зменшилась на 22 - 32 %. Ліофільне висушування призводило до зменшення виживаності на 2 порядки.
Визначено раціональні співвідношення «сорбент-суспендована культура» після сорбції: від 0,1 г/см3 до 0,15 г/см3 суспензії культури для сухого та для вологого ентеросгелю.
Встановлено позитивний вплив додавання висушеної бактеріальної целюлози на виживаність клітин, сорбованих та несорбованих на ентеросгелі, на 20-30 %, що потребує подальших досліджень.
Розроблено стартап-проект препарату «Ентероплантарум».<br>The master’s thesis: 80 pages, 22 pictures, 17 tables, 81 references.
The work is devoted to sorption of probiotic cultures by enterosorbents based on fine silica.
Topicality: Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics are used to correct intestinal microbiocenosis. An important factor in the effectiveness of probiotic therapy is the survival of cells in the gastrointestinal tract and their integration into the gut biofilm. Therefore, the creation of combination preparations with immobilized cultures became relevant.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sorption of probiotic cultures on the hydro- and xerogels of Enterosgel and Sillard P.
In this work, the sorption of probiotic cultures on the hydro- and xerogels of the Enterosgel preparation and the Sillard P preparation is shown and visualized; Better sorption of the culture on the wet preparation was observed, which is explained by the hydrophobicity of the dry xerogel.
It was determined that immobilization on enterosgel caused less cell death than on the highly dispersed dry powder Sillard P. It was found that the survival of immobilized and non-immobilized Lactobacillus plantarum specimens after storage for 30 days in a refrigerator at +4 C was reduced by22-32%. Freeze drying resulted in a 2-fold decrease in survival.
The rational ratios of "sorbent-suspended culture" after sorption were determined: from 0.1 g / cm3 to 0.15 g / cm3 of the culture suspension for dry and wet enterosgel.
The positive effect of the addition of dried bacterial cellulose on the survival of cells adsorbed and unorbed on enterosgel was found to be 20-30%, which needs further research.
Start-up project of Enteroplantarum dietary supplement production developed
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Wang, Yunhui [Verfasser], Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Heinze, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Klemm. "Synthesis and characterisation of regioselective cellulose derivatives / Yunhui Wang. Gutachter: Thomas Heinze ; Dieter Klemm." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1035637855/34.
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MORRESI, CAMILLA. "Role of Paraoxonase2 in intestinal cells and its modulation by dietary factors." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/274596.
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Il mio progetto di dottorato ha focalizzato l'attenzione sulla paraoxonase-2 (PON2), un enzima antiossidante che fa parte della famiglia PONs. E’ noto che lo stress ossidativo e l'infiammazione ne influenzano l'espressione, il che suggerisce una potenziale implicazione nella malattie infiammatorie intestinali (IBD). Tuttavia il suo ruolo a livello intestinale e i fattori dietetici coinvolti nella sua modulazione rimangono poco chiari. Lo scopo della mia tesi è stato studiare l'effetto dell'esposizione cronica ad alte concentrazioni di glucosio (HG) sulla modulazione di PON2. È noto che l'iperglicemia è coinvolta nello sviluppo di malattie gastrointestinali. Nella prima parte della mia tesi per caratterizzare questo modello cellulare, le cellule intestinali CaCo-2 sono state trattate in alte concentrazione di glucosio (50 mM) o in condizioni fisiologiche (25 mM) per 4, 24, 48 ore e 1 settimana. I risultati hanno mostrato che il trattamento HG ha indotto un significativo aumento tempo dipendente della glico-ossidazione con una significativa riduzione delle difese antiossidanti totali. HG ha ridotto significativamente i livelli di mRNA, l’ espressione proteica e l’ attività della PON2. Inoltre il trattamento è stato in grado di indurre la via apoptotica intrinseca ed estrinseca, inibire l'autofagia, alterare il profilo metabolico ed i mitocondri. Nella seconda parte della mia tesi, utilizzando lo stesso modello cellulare ho indagato l’ effetto dei polifenoli di mela nella modulazione della PON2 e sullo stress glico-ossidativo. I polifenoli sono stati estratti dalle mele Calvilla White Winter e Golden Delicious. Calville W.W e la floretina hanno mostrato migliori capacità anti-ossidanti ed anti-glicative. Inoltre, le cellule-HG trattate con i polifenoli hanno mostrato un aumento dell'espressione e dell'attività di PON2 con una conseguente riduzione del danno glico-ossidativo, una migliore funzione mitocondriale e l'inibizione delle vie apoptotiche. L'effetto era correlato al contenuto ed alla tipologia di polifenoli. In conclusione, i risultati potrebbero essere utili per comprendere in che modo la dieta modula la PON2 ed il suo ruolo nella disfunzione delle cellule intestinali.<br>The project of the PhD focused the attention on Paraoxonase2 (PON2), an antioxidant enzymes that is part of the PONs family. Oxidative stress and inflammation selectively affect the expression of PON2, which suggests their potential implication in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), however its role in the intestinal tract and the dietary factors involved in its modulation remain unclear. The aim of my thesis was investigate the effect of high-glucose (HG) chronic exposure on PON2 modulation. It is know that hyperglycaemia is involved in the development gastrointestinal diseases. In the first part of my thesis to better characterize this cell model, CaCo-2 cells were treated in HG concentration (50mM) or physiological glucose condition (25mM) at 4h, 24, 48h and 1 week. Results showed that HG-treatment induced a significant time-dependent increase in glyco-oxidation with a significantly decrease in total antioxidant intracellular defence. A decrease in PON2 mRNA levels, protein expression and activity were observed after treatment. Moreover, chronic HG-treatment was able to induced the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathway, suppress autophagy and altered metabolic profile and mitochondria. The second part of my thesis aimed to investigate the potential positive effect of polyphenols from apples on PON2 and glyco-oxidative stress in intestinal cells. Polyphenols was extracted from Calvilla White Winter and Golden Delicious apples. Calville W.W and pure compound phloretin showed the best antioxidant ant anti-glycative results. Moreover, chronic HG-cells treated with polyphenols showed an increase in PON2 expression and activity with a conseguent decrease of glyco-oxidative damage, an improved mitochondrial function and the inhibition of apoptotic pathways. The effect was related to the quantitative and qualitative polyphenols content. In conclusion, the results could be useful to understand the diet modulation of PON2 and its role in intestinal cells dysfunction.
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Marujo, Manuela Vantini [UNESP]. "Celulose em dietas para leitões recém-desmamados." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95237.
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marujo_mv_me_jabo.pdf: 288377 bytes, checksum: 375976f0740d39f1692444c9ab347118 (MD5)<br>Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de celulose purificada, como fonte de fibra insolúvel, na dieta de leitões recém-desmamados. No experimento I, o desempenho, a incidência de diarreia e o tempo de trânsito das dietas no trato gastrintestinal foram avaliados em 72 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. No experimento II, foram utilizados 32 leitões recém-desmamados para determinar o pH e a viscosidade da digesta no estômago, intestino delgado e ceco; a morfologia e a microbiologia intestinal; os pesos dos órgãos gastrintestinais, do fígado e do pâncreas, e a imunidade animal. Em ambos os experimentos, os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta basal com adição de 0,0; 1,5; 3,0 ou 4,5% de celulose purificada. O delineamento em blocos completos casualizados foi utilizado em todos os experimentos para controlar variações no peso vivo inicial. Os abates foram realizados aos 35 e 50 dias de idade. O aumento no nível de celulose purificada resultou em efeito quadrático na conversão alimentar, no consumo diário de ração e na incidência de diarreia. Aos 35 dias de idade, o peso relativo do ceco, o pH do intestino delgado, a altura das vilosidades e a relação altura das vilosidades (AV)/profundidade das criptas (PC) do jejuno apresentaram efeito quadrático, enquanto a relação AV/PC do duodeno aumentou linearmente com o aumento do nível de inclusão de celulose purificada. Aos 50 dias de idade, o peso relativo do ceco e do cólon, a contagem de Lactobacillus spp. na porção distal do intestino delgado e a morfologia intestinal do jejuno (AV, PC e relação AV/PC) apresentaram resposta quadrática, enquanto o peso relativo do pâncreas reduziu linearmente com o aumento no nível de celulose purificada. A imunidade dos animais e as viscosidades do conteúdo estomacal...<br>Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of purified cellulose inclusion in the diets of newly weaned piglets. In trial I, performance, incidence of diarrhea, and gastrointestinal transit time were evaluated from 72 pigs weaned at 21 days of age. In trial II, a total of 32 pigs newly weaned were used to determine pH and viscosity of gastric content, small intestine and cecal digesta, intestinal morphology and microbiology, gastrointestinal organs, liver and pancreas weights, and animal immunity. In both experiments, dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet with 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5% of added purified cellulose. The randomized complete block design was used in all experiments to control for variations in initial body weight. The piglets were slaughtered at the age of 35 and 50 days. Increasing purified cellulose level resulted in a quadratic effect on feed conversion ratio, daily feed intake and incidence of diarrhea. At 35 days of age, relative cecum weight, small intestine pH, villous height and villous height (VH):crypt depth (CD) ratio in the jejunum showed a quadratic effect, whereas VH:CD ratio in the duodenum linearly increased with the increasing level of purified cellulose inclusion. At 50 days of age, relative cecum and colon weight, Lactobacillus spp. count in the distal portion of the small intestine, and intestinal morphology in the jejunum (VH, CD, and VH:CD ratio) had a quadratic response, whereas relative pancreas weight was linearly decreased with the increasing purified cellulose level. Animal immunity and viscosities of gastric content and small intestine digesta were not affected by dietary treatments. The inclusion of purified cellulose to the diets reduced the gastrointestinal transit time and levels between 2.3 to 2.8% in the diet of newly weaned piglets provided the best results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Marujo, Manuela Vantini. "Celulose em dietas para leitões recém-desmamados /." Jaboticabal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/95237.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Maria Cristina Thomaz<br>Banca: Luciano Hauschild<br>Banca: Fabio Enrique Lemos Budiño<br>Resumo: Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de celulose purificada, como fonte de fibra insolúvel, na dieta de leitões recém-desmamados. No experimento I, o desempenho, a incidência de diarreia e o tempo de trânsito das dietas no trato gastrintestinal foram avaliados em 72 leitões desmamados aos 21 dias de idade. No experimento II, foram utilizados 32 leitões recém-desmamados para determinar o pH e a viscosidade da digesta no estômago, intestino delgado e ceco; a morfologia e a microbiologia intestinal; os pesos dos órgãos gastrintestinais, do fígado e do pâncreas, e a imunidade animal. Em ambos os experimentos, os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta basal com adição de 0,0; 1,5; 3,0 ou 4,5% de celulose purificada. O delineamento em blocos completos casualizados foi utilizado em todos os experimentos para controlar variações no peso vivo inicial. Os abates foram realizados aos 35 e 50 dias de idade. O aumento no nível de celulose purificada resultou em efeito quadrático na conversão alimentar, no consumo diário de ração e na incidência de diarreia. Aos 35 dias de idade, o peso relativo do ceco, o pH do intestino delgado, a altura das vilosidades e a relação altura das vilosidades (AV)/profundidade das criptas (PC) do jejuno apresentaram efeito quadrático, enquanto a relação AV/PC do duodeno aumentou linearmente com o aumento do nível de inclusão de celulose purificada. Aos 50 dias de idade, o peso relativo do ceco e do cólon, a contagem de Lactobacillus spp. na porção distal do intestino delgado e a morfologia intestinal do jejuno (AV, PC e relação AV/PC) apresentaram resposta quadrática, enquanto o peso relativo do pâncreas reduziu linearmente com o aumento no nível de celulose purificada. A imunidade dos animais e as viscosidades do conteúdo estomacal... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of purified cellulose inclusion in the diets of newly weaned piglets. In trial I, performance, incidence of diarrhea, and gastrointestinal transit time were evaluated from 72 pigs weaned at 21 days of age. In trial II, a total of 32 pigs newly weaned were used to determine pH and viscosity of gastric content, small intestine and cecal digesta, intestinal morphology and microbiology, gastrointestinal organs, liver and pancreas weights, and animal immunity. In both experiments, dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet with 0.0, 1.5, 3.0, or 4.5% of added purified cellulose. The randomized complete block design was used in all experiments to control for variations in initial body weight. The piglets were slaughtered at the age of 35 and 50 days. Increasing purified cellulose level resulted in a quadratic effect on feed conversion ratio, daily feed intake and incidence of diarrhea. At 35 days of age, relative cecum weight, small intestine pH, villous height and villous height (VH):crypt depth (CD) ratio in the jejunum showed a quadratic effect, whereas VH:CD ratio in the duodenum linearly increased with the increasing level of purified cellulose inclusion. At 50 days of age, relative cecum and colon weight, Lactobacillus spp. count in the distal portion of the small intestine, and intestinal morphology in the jejunum (VH, CD, and VH:CD ratio) had a quadratic response, whereas relative pancreas weight was linearly decreased with the increasing purified cellulose level. Animal immunity and viscosities of gastric content and small intestine digesta were not affected by dietary treatments. The inclusion of purified cellulose to the diets reduced the gastrointestinal transit time and levels between 2.3 to 2.8% in the diet of newly weaned piglets provided the best results... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)<br>Mestre
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Korneychuk, Natalia. "Analysis of the roles of Interleukin 15 and CD4+ T cells specific of a dietary antigen in a mouse model of celiac-like enteropathy." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T037/document.
Full textAbstract:
Dans les conditions physiologiques des robustes mécanismes immunologiques empêchent le développement des réponses exagérées aux antigènes alimentaires. En revanche, dans le cas de maladie céliaque, qui affecte environ 1% de la population occidentale, l’exposition au gluten alimentaire d’individus génétiquement prédisposés HLA-DQ2.5/DQ8 provoque l’entéropathie chronique de l’intestin grêle. Les études précédentes chez l’homme ont établi le rôle crucial de la réponse cellulaire T CD4+ restreinte par HLA-DQ2.5/DQ8 et spécifique du gluten. La réponse T CD4+ est nécessaire mais cependant insuffisante pour induire des lésions tissulaires. D’autres études ont suggéré le rôle de l’interleukine 15 (IL-15). Ainsi, l’IL-15 surexprimée dans la muqueuse des patients céliaques peut interférer avec les mécanismes d’immunorégulation et stimuler l’activation des lymphocytes intraépithéliaux T CD8+ cytotoxiques probablement induisant des lésions épithéliales. Comment les cellules T CD4+ spécifiques du gluten et l’IL-15 interagissent pour activer les lymphocytes intraépithéliaux T CD8+ et induisent des lésions n’a pas été toutefois établi. Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons créé un modèle murin basé en croisant des souris OTII possédant des cellules T CD4+ spécifiques de l’antigène modèle, ovalbumine, avec les souris transgéniques hétérozygotes surexprimant une forme secrétée de l’IL-15 humaine dans l’épithélium intestinale (souris hIL-15Tge). Les souris obtenues OTII+/- B6 and OTII+/- hIL-15Tge+/- ont été mises au régime riche en ovalbumine depuis la période prénatale jusqu’à l’âge de 3 mois. Les souris OTII+/- hIL-15Tge+/-, contrairement aux souris OTII+/- B6, exposées de façon chronique à l’ovalbumine ont développé un retard de croissance et une atrophie villositaire associée à l’expansion des cellules intestinales T CD8+ cytotoxiques, comme dans la maladie céliaque. En outre, nous avons démontré que l’IL-15 altérait l’immunorégulation par les cellules T FoxpP3+ et coopérait avec l’IL-2, produite par les cellules T CD4+ activées par l’OVA, pour l’expansion des cellules T CD8+ non-spécifiques de l’OVA. Nous suggérons que le scénario similaire pourrait opérer dans la maladie céliaque. Au cours de cette étude, j’ai observé que la surexpression chronique de l’IL-15 était associée avec l’expansion de cellules dendritiques CD103+CD11c+CD11b-. Dans la partie de résultats supplémentaires, j’ai démontré que cet effet dépend de la production de la cytokine GM-CSF secrétée par les cellules Natural Killer (NK) activées par l’IL-15 et que ces cellules dendritiques étaient enrichies en cellules CD103+ ayant une capacité accrue de cross-présentation in vitro. Ces derniers résultats illustrent comment l’IL-15 peut moduler les réponses immunes adaptatives en orchestrant la coopération entre les cellules NK et les phagocytes mononucléaires<br>In physiological conditions, robust immunological mechanisms avoid adverse responses to food antigens. In contrast, in celiac disease that affects about 1% of Western populations, exposure to dietary gluten of genetically predisposed HLA-DQ2.5/ DQ8 individuals triggers a chronic small intestinal enteropathy. Previous studies in humans have established the crucial role of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 restricted gluten-specific intestinal CD4 T cell response. This CD4 T cell response is necessary but is however not sufficient to induce tissue damage. Other studies have pointed to the role of interleukin 15 (IL-15). Thus, IL-15 over-expressed in the mucosa of celiac patients can interfere with immunoregulatory mechanisms and stimulate the activation of cytotoxic CD8 T intraepithelial lymphocytes, thought to induce epithelial lesions. Whether and how gluten-specific CD4 T cells and IL-15 interact to activate CD8 T intraepithelial lymphocytes and to drive intestinal tissue damage has not been however established. To address this question, we have set up a mouse model based on the breeding of OTII mice possessing CD4 T cells specific of a model antigen, ovalbumin, with heterozygous transgenic mice overexpressing a secreted form of human IL-15 in intestinal epithelium (hIL-15Tge mice). Resulting OTII+/- B6 and OTII+/- hIL-15Tge+/- mice were exposed to dietary ovalbumin from the prenatal period until 3 months of age. Upon chronic exposure to ovalbumin, OTII+/- hIL-15Tge+ mice, contrary to their OTII+/- B6 littermates, developed growth retardation, and villous atrophy associated with expansion of intestinal cytotoxic CD8 T cells, as in celiac disease. Moreover, we showed that IL-15 impaired immunoregulation by FoxP3+ T cells and cooperated with IL-2 produced by OVA-activated CD4 T cells to stimulate the expansion of non-cognate cytotoxic CD8 T cells. We suggest that a comparable scenario can operate in celiac disease. During this study, I observed that chronic overexpression of IL-15 was associated with an expansion of CD103+CD11c+CD11b- mononuclear cells. In the Supplementary results, I have shown that this effect depends on the production of GM-CSF secreted by IL-15-activated NK cells and that CD11c+ DCs differentiated in mice overexpressing IL-15 were enriched in CD103+ cells and displayed enhanced cross-presentation abilities in vitro. The latter results illustrate how IL-15, by orchestrating a crosstalk between NK cells and mononuclear phagocytes, can modulate adaptive immune responses
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Brissard, Léa. "Mechanisms of gustatory perception of dietary lipids : cross-talk with bitter taste and endocannabinoid receptors." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK071/document.
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L'obésité constitue l'un des principaux problèmes de santé publique en ce début du 21ème siècle. Sa prévalence augmente régulièrement, en particulier chez les enfants. Ce constat n'est pas anodin car l'obésité est généralement associée à diverses pathologies graves (diabète de type 2, hypertension et cancer,…). Ainsi, des investigations sur les mécanismes impliqués dans la perception gustative des lipides alimentaires pourraient éclairer leurs rôles dans l’incidence de l’obésité.Plusieurs études ont démontré le rôle des endocannabinoïdes et des aliments amers dans l’obésité. Ainsi, nous avons étudié l’interaction (cross-talk) des récepteurs cannabinoïdes et du goût amer avec le goût lipidique. Cette thèse comporte ainsi deux volets : les récepteurs cannabinoïdes (CB1R), le goût amer et leurs interactions avec les récepteurs lipidiques.Dans la première partie, nous avons étudié le rôle régulateur de CB1R. Dans la présente étude, des tests comportementaux sur des souris CB1R-/- et des souris de type sauvage (WT) ont montré que l'invalidation du gène Cb1r était associée à une faible préférence pour les solutions contenant de l'huile de colza ou un acide gras à longue chaîne (AGLC) tel que l’acide linoléique (LA). L'administration de rimonabant, un agoniste-inverse de CB1R, chez la souris a également entraîné une faible préférence pour les acides gras alimentaires. Aucune différence dans l'expression des protéines CD36 et GPR120 n'a été observée dans les cellules des papilles gustatives des souris WT et CB1R-/-. La signalisation calcique via CD36 dans les cellules des papilles gustatives des souris CB1R-/- diminue de façon significative par rapport à celle observée dans les cellules gustatives des souris WT. Les cellules des papilles gustatives des souris CB1R-/- présentent également une diminution significative de l'ARNm de Pro-glucagon et de Glp-1r et un faible niveau basal de GLP-1. Nous rapportons que CB1R est impliqué dans la perception du goût du gras via la signalisation calcique et la sécrétion de GLP-1.Dans la seconde partie, nous avons d’abord caractérisé le phénotype de cellules fongiformes humaines (HTC-8). En effet, le projet de ma thèse comprend la caractérisation à l’échelle moléculaire des récepteurs amers et lipidiques et leur cross-talk dans ces cellules (collaboration BRAIN, Allemagne). Nous avons démontré que les cellules HTC-8 expriment PLCβ2 et l’α-gustducin à l’échelle des ARNm et des protéines. Elles expriment également TAS2R16 et TAS2R38 et ces mêmes cellules co-expriment CD36 et GPR120. Puis, nous avons étudié la signalisation via ces récepteurs en utilisant l’acide linoléique, un agoniste de CD36 et GPR120, la sinigrin, agoniste de TAS2R16 et TAS2R38, la salicin, agoniste du récepteur TAS2R16 et le phénylthiocarbamide, agoniste du récepteur TAS2R38. De plus, les études du signal calcique ont démontré que la signalisation en aval du goût gras partage une voie commune avec la signalisation en aval du goût amer, mettant en évidence un cross-talk entre ces deux modalités gustatives.Bien que nous ayons montré le cross-talk entre les modalités gustatives amère et lipidique, il nous reste à étudier ces phénomènes à l’échelle de l’organisme. Ces résultats, d’ores et déjà, montrent que le goût amer et le récepteur cannabinoïde-1 sont liés à la sensibilité au goût du gras et doivent être pris en compte pour la gestion de l'obésité<br>Obesity is one of the major public health problems at the beginning of the 21st century. Its prevalence is increasing steadily, especially among children. This observation is not insignificant because obesity is generally associated with various serious pathologies (type 2 diabetes, hypertension and cancer, etc.). Thus, investigations into the mechanisms involved in the taste perception of dietary lipids could shed light on their roles in the incidence of obesity.Several studies have demonstrated the role of endocannabinoids and bitter foods in obesity. Thus, we studied the cross-talk of cannabinoid receptors and bitter taste with lipid taste. This thesis has two components: cannabinoid receptors (CB1R), bitter taste and their interactions with lipid receptors.In the first part, we studied the regulatory role of CB1R. In the present study, behavioral tests on CB1R-/- mice and wild-type (WT) mice showed that the invalidation of the Cb1r gene was associated with a low preference for solutions containing rapeseed oil or a long chain fatty acid (LCFA) such as linoleic acid (LA). Administration of rimonabant, a CB1R inverse agonist, in mice also resulted in a low preference for dietary fatty acids. No differences in the expression of CD36 and GPR120 proteins were observed in the taste buds cells of the WT and CB1R-/- mice. Calcium signaling via CD36 in the taste bud cells of CB1R-/- mice decreased significantly compared with those observed in the taste cells of WT mice. The taste bud cells of CB1R-/- mice also show a significant decrease in Pro-glucagon and Glp-1r mRNA and a low basal level of GLP-1. We report that CB1R is involved in the perception of fat taste via calcium signaling and secretion of GLP-1.In the second part, we first characterized the phenotype of human fungiform cells (HTC-8). Indeed, the project of my thesis includes the characterization on the molecular scale of bitter and lipid receptors and their cross-talk in these cells (collaboration BRAIN, Germany). We have demonstrated that HTC-8 cells express PLCβ2 and α-gustducin at the mRNA and protein level. They also express TAS2R16 and TAS2R38 and these same cells co-express CD36 and GPR120. Then, we studied signaling via these receptors using linoleic acid, a CD36 and GPR120 agonist, sinigrin, TAS2R16 agonist and TAS2R38, salicin, TAS2R16 receptor agonist, and phenylthiocarbamide, TAS2R38 receptor agonist. In addition, calcium signal studies have shown that downstream fatty signaling shares a common path with downstream bitter taste signaling, highlighting a cross-talk between these two taste modalities.Although we have shown the cross-talk between bitter and lipid taste modalities, we still have to study these phenomena at the level of the organism. These results, already, show that the bitter taste and the cannabinoid-1 receptor are related to the taste sensitivity of fat and must be taken into account for the management of obesity
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Marx, Fábio Ritter. "Biodisponibilidade da gordura em dietas para carnívoros : efeitos dietéticos e da espécie animal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143158.
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As gorduras são componentes importantes em dietas para carnívoros, porém o aproveitamento pelos animais sofre influência de fatores inerentes à composição das dietas, principalmente fibras e minerais, que precisam ser melhor estudados. Os trabalhos que avaliam as perdas endógenas de gordura nas fezes (PEGF) e os efeitos na digestibilidade aparente da gordura são escassos e divergentes. Desta forma, os objetivos destes estudos foram: determinar as PEGF em cães e mink; utilizar as PEGF para obtenção dos valores de digestibilidade verdadeira da gordura; além de avaliar os efeitos da composição de fibras dietéticas e a inclusão de emulsificantes no aproveitamento da gordura por cães. No primeiro estudo, as PEGF foram mensuradas em cães adultos. Dietas com níveis crescentes de gordura de frango foram utilizadas e as PEGF dos cães foram determinadas a partir de análises de regressão. As PEGF foram expressas em relação ao peso corporal (PC) dos animais, 155 mg/kg PV/dia, ou em relação ao consumo de gordura na matéria seca (MS), 7,9 g/kg MS consumida. A digestibilidade aparente total da gordura apresentou aumento conforme o consumo. A digestibilidade verdadeira total da gordura, corrigida para PEGF, não variou mediante o consumo de gordura. A relação entre PEGF e consumo de gordura foi maior em dietas com baixa gordura e explica o aumento na digestibilidade aparente da gordura quando concentrações maiores são consumidas. No segundo estudo, as PEGF foram determinadas em mink. Dietas com níveis crescente de óleo de soja foram formuladas e as PEGF avaliadas por regressão. Foi obtido o valor de 0,5 g/100g MS consumida, próximo ao relatado em cães. No terceiro estudo foi avaliada a influência das fibras dietéticas e da lecitina de soja na digestibilidade aparente da gordura em dietas para cães adultos. Foram avaliadas três fontes de carboidratos, amido de milho, celulose e polpa de beterraba, combinadas ou não à lecitina de soja. A polpa de beterraba reduziu a digestibilidade aparente e verdadeira da gordura em cães, aumentou o teor de umidade e elevou o escore fecal, porém ainda dentro da faixa considerada ideal. A lecitina de soja não apresentou efeito de melhora na digestibilidade dos macronutrientes e da energia das dietas.<br>Fats are important components of carnivores diets, however inherent factors of diets composition, mainly fibers and minerals, may affect its use by the animals, requiring further studies. Studies evaluating endogenous fat loss (EFL) and the effects on apparent total tract digestibility of fat are limited and divergent. The objectives of these studies were: to determine the EFL in dogs and mink; apply the EFL to calculated the true total tract digestibility of fats; and to evaluate the effects of dietary fiber composition and an emulsifying agent on fats digestibility in dogs. On the first study, the EFL was evaluated in adult dogs. Diets with increasing levels of poultry fat were used and the EFL was determined by regression analysis. The EFL was obtained according to the dogs’ body weight (BW) as 155 mg/kg BW/day, or according to dry matter (DM) fat intake, as 7.9 g/kg DM intake. The apparent total tract digestibility of fat increases according to the intake level. However, the true total tract digestibility of fat, EFL corrected, remained unaffected by fat intake. The relation between EFL and fat intake is higher for low fat diets and explains why the apparent digestibility increases according to intake. On the second study, the EFL was measured in mink. Diets with graded levels of soybean oil were offered and the EFL evaluated by regression. The value of 0.5 g/100 g DM intake was obtained, close to the reported with dogs. The third study assessed the influences of dietary fibers and soy lecithin on apparent total tract digestibility of fat in adult dog diets. Were evaluated three carbohydrate sources; corn starch, cellulose and beet pulp; combined or not with soy lecithin. The beet pulp decreased apparent and true total tract digestibility of fat in dogs, increased the moisture level of faeces and the faecal score, yet the faeces still had good quality. The soy lecithin did not improve digestibility of macronutrients and energy of diets.
Books on the topic "Dietary cellulose"
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Poston, Hugh A. Response of lake trout and rainbow trout to dietary cellulose. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, 1986.
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2
Bückman, M. Aprenda a cuidar su cuerpo: Programa anticelulítico, dieta, cuidados, bronceado, gimnasia. Tikal Ediciones, 1995.
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3
Rémy, Florence. Anticelulitis: 60 consejos con respuestas adaptadas a sus necesidades. E.L., S.A. de C.V., 2006.
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Chang, Hung-pi. In Vitro fermentation of dietary cellulose by human fecal microorganisms. 1991.
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Costa, Michael A. Effects of dietary cellulose and psyllium husk on monkey colon microbial activity in vivo and in vitro. 1986.
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Wallden, Brett. The microbial composition and effects of dietary chitin and cellulose on enzyme activity (chitinase and cellulase) in the digestive system of Arion ater. 2001.
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Editorial, Equipo. Recetas Contra La Celulitis/ Recipes Against Cellulite: Dieta Para Cuidar La Piel / Skin Care Diet. Librerias Sanchez S.a., 2002.
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Brown, Sophia Omad. Digiuno Intermittente e Autofagia: 2 Libri in 1 Come Attivare la Rigenerazione Cellulare Attraverso Dieta e Digiuno. Independently Published, 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Dietary cellulose"
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Liebner, Falk, Nikita Aigner, Christian Schimper, Antje Potthast, and Thomas Rosenau. "Bacterial Cellulose Aerogels: From Lightweight Dietary Food to Functional Materials." In Functional Materials from Renewable Sources. American Chemical Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2012-1107.ch004.
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Agrawal, Ranu. "Psyllium: A Source of Dietary Fiber." In Dietary Fibers. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99372.
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Dietary fiber is commonly known as roughage. Fibers are mostly present in vegetables, whole grain, nuts, legumes, and fruits. This is an indigestible part of the food obtained by plants. It includes polysaccharides such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectic substances, mucilages, gums and lignin as well. Dietary fiber has beneficial physiological effect on health, so it is included in daily diet to decrease occurrence of several diseases. In this sequence, this chapter describes about the dietary fiber, psyllium commonly known as Isabgol which is prepared from the seed of the Plantago ovata Forsk (Psyllium ispaghula). Psyllium is hydrophilic mucilloid, has the capacity to absorb water and increases in volume while absorbing water. Psyllium consists of mixed viscous polysaccharide in which about 35% soluble and 65% insoluble polysaccharides (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) are present. This can be used as gelling, food thickener, emulsifying and stabilizing agents in some food products. Psyllium is a natural biopolymer which has high quantity of hemicelluloses consist of xylan backbone connected with arabinose, galacturonic acid and rhamnose units. Since last many years it is being used as therapeutic agent in several diseases like chronic constipation, inflammation of mucous membrane of GIT tract, duodenal ulcers, piles or diarrohoea etc. It may be source of renewable and biodegradable polymer.
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Sabbaghi, Hassan. "Perspective Chapter: Cellulose in Food Production - Principles and Innovations." In Cellulose - Fundamentals and Conversion Into Biofuel and Useful Chemicals [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109204.
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For several decades, cellulose and its derivatives have been used in various fields of food processing and their applications have become increasingly important. Nutritionally, cellulose is known as dietary fiber and is used as a functional food component. Many new technological needs were recognized since developing of industrial products and, therefore, cellulose modifications (chemically or physically) also have been considered. The various important properties for using these compounds include organic solubility, gel and film formation ability, make mucoadhesive system, high swelling, hydrophilic and hydrophobic features, act as viscosifying agent, and thermoplastic effects in food systems. Thus, the most typical technological role of these cellulose’s characteristics can be mentioned as edible coating (in fruits and fried products), edible film, emulsification, stabilizing agent, rheology control, suspending agent, diffusion barrier, encapsulation, extrusion, molding, and foam stabilizer in food industry. The new innovations can be mentioned as the production of bacterial cellulose, developing the smart packaging, and the preparation of nanocellulose with environmentally friendly processes. Finally, with the expansion of the usage of cellulosic materials, a reevaluation of their food safety has been carried out. Also, the legal guidelines related to the use of these compounds as raw materials have been provided for manufacturers.
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"Carbohydrates and Glycosides." In Chemical Diversity of Plant Specialized Metabolites. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837671472-00005.
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Carbohydrates may be categorized into three classes, as monosaccharides, di- and oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides (starches, cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectin, gums and mucilages). Carbohydrates are sources of energy, storage compounds and structural components in plants. Many soluble sugars, known as compatible solutes, accumulate in plants and protect the plant from stress induced cellular disturbances. Many polysaccharides (such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin, non-digestible oligosaccharides, gums and mucilages), resistant to human salivary and intestinal enzymes, are considered as dietary fibres. Consumption of dietary fibre improves glycemic index, reduces lipid levels, and exhibits prebiotic effects. A glycoside is a compound formed by conjugation of one or more sugars with a non-carbohydrate metabolite.
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Nie, Guangjun. "Production and Application of Cellulose, Dietary Fiber, and Nanocellulose from Bamboo Shoot." In Bamboo - Recent Development and Application [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109087.
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The cellulose from bamboo has excellent toughness, hygroscopicity, and high crystallinity. Bamboo shoot dietary fiber can modulate the gut microbiota to prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity and can be applied for food fortification. Bamboo shoot contains a low content of lignin and is extracted easily for nanocellulose, which is used to prepare all kinds of composite materials. In this chapter, lignification process of bamboo shoot shells will first be discussed to reveal the principle of lignification. Then, the preparation methods and applications of cellulose, dietary fiber, and nanocellulose from bamboo shoots that were successively generalized to further improve the exploration and application of bamboo shoots or bamboo shoot wastes such as bamboo shoot shells.
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Watanabe, Shaw. "Dietary Fiber: Composition and Health Effects by Microbiota." In Food Science and Nutrition. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.115113.
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Dietary fiber becomes a sixth nutrient, and methods have been developed to measure soluble and insoluble fiber separately. Soluble dietary fiber includes pectin, glucomannan, alginic acid, agarose, agaropectin, carrageenan, and polydextrose, and is expected to prevent and improve lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension. Insoluble dietary fiber includes cellulose, hemicellulose, chitin, and chitosan, which are broken down by intestinal bacteria in the colon. The short-chain fatty acids produced have various physiological functions. Unpolished brown rice (genmai) is high in insoluble dietary fiber. Still, when consumed as a meal, it also contains many vitamins, minerals, and functional substances that contribute significantly to health, including colon cancer prevention. The physical properties of dietary fibers (DF) are essential for gut homeostasis. Genmai is the best for the “Food is Medicine Movement.”
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"Polysaccharides." In Food, 7th ed. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837670369-00048.
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This chapter covers the various roles of polysaccharides in plant tissues as structural elements (e.g. cellulose and pectins) and energy reserves (starch) and the relationship of these “natural” functions with their contribution to the nutritional and other characteristics of human foods. Detailed consideration is given to starch, including granule structure, gelatinisation and solution properties, and its behaviour in food processing, including bread-making, chemically modified starches and hydrolysis. Pectin structures, structural diversity and behaviour in fruit products are also covered. The contribution of cellulose and hemicellulose (dietary) fibres in food processing, nutrition and food texture are considered, along with the chemical derivatives of starch and cellulose. More unusual polysaccharides, like seaweed polysaccharides, agar, carrageenan, alginates, gums from plants (e.g. tragacanth, guar) and microorganisms (e.g. xanthan, gellan) are also discussed.
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Donadelli, Renan, and Greg Aldrich. "Miscanthus Grass as a Nutritional Fiber Source for Monogastric Animals." In Grasses and Grassland - New Perspectives [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99951.
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While fiber is not an indispensable nutrient for monogastric animals, it has benefits such as promoting gastrointestinal motility and production of short chain fatty acids through fermentation. Miscanthus x giganteus is a hybrid grass used as an ornamental plant, biomass for energy production, construction material, and as a cellulose source for paper production. More recently Miscanthus grass (dried ground Miscanthus x giganteus) was evaluated for its fiber composition and as a fiber source for poultry (broiler chicks) and pets (dogs and cats). As a fiber source, this ingredient is mostly composed of insoluble fiber (78.6%) with an appreciable amount of lignin (13.0%). When added at moderate levels to broiler chick feed (3% inclusion) Miscanthus grass improved dietary energy utilization. However, when fed to dogs at a 10% inclusion Miscanthus grass decreased dry matter, organic matter, and gross energy digestibility, and increased dietary protein digestibility compared to dogs fed diets containing similar concentrations of beet pulp. Comparable results were reported for cats. In addition, when Miscanthus grass was fed to cats to aid in hairball management, it decreased the total hair weight per dry fecal weight. When considering the effects Miscanthus grass has on extruded pet foods, it behaves in a similar manner to cellulose, decreasing radial expansion, and increasing energy to compress the kibbles, likely because of changes in kibble structure. To date, Miscanthus grass has not been evaluated in human foods and supplements though it may have applications similar to those identified for pets.
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Kaur, Kamalpreet, Gurpreet Kaur, and Pardeep Kaur Sandhu. "Macrolepiota procera." In Phytochemistry and Nutritional Composition of Significant Wild Medicinal and Edible Mushrooms. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837672097-00273.
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Edible mushrooms have long been utilized in the food and pharmaceutical sectors due to their nutritional and therapeutic characteristics. Mushrooms have been recognized as a folk remedy due to their vast range of nutraceutical compounds, as well as medicinal and preventive properties. They are considered as a functional food, as well as assisting in the prevention of fatal infections. This chapter highlights the phytochemistry, nutritional aspects, and pharmacological potential of Macrolepiota procera (M. procera). M. procera is a rich source of high value-added bioactive components, minerals, (particularly K, Mg, and Se) and dietary fiber. This saprobic mushroom has the ability to digest cellulose and lignin and is an accumulator of toxic elements. M. procera has been identified to exhibit potential therapeutic and pharmacological anticancer, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. M. procera is used as a functional food as it might hold huge protective efficacy potential for the cure of fatal infections. The cultivation of this valuable mushroom is required not only to preserve the species in the wild but also to ensure its maximum growth for food security. Moreover, it can be studied in phytochemical and pharmacological research to identify its value-added bioactive constituents.
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"Polysaccharides." In Food: The Chemistry of its Components, 6th ed. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781849738804-00055.
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Polysaccharides are polymers, almost unique to the plant kingdom, with either energy storage or structural roles that are both relevant to human food. Starch provides energy storage in plants and makes a major contribution to the energy content of human diets, notably cereals. Starch's behaviour, in bread making etc. (including staling) and as a thickener, is dependent on its molecular structure and organisation in granules. Chemical modification of starch provides valuable food additives. Amylases etc. are used to manufacture pure glucose and other products. Pectins, complex polymers of galacturonic and other monosaccharides, notably rhamnose, contribute to the characteristics of preserves etc. The seaweed polysaccharides, alginates, carrageenans etc. have gelling and thickening properties that are widely exploited in food products and have been the key to understanding gel structure. Cellulose and hemicelluloses are important in human diets as dietary fibre with benefits for bowel function, cholesterol metabolism and glycaemic index. Gums, highly branched polymers of various monosaccharides, are valued as thickening and gelling agents. The chapter includes a detailed listing of the polysaccharides permitted as food additives in the EU, USA and elsewhere and concludes with a list of specialist books and review articles for further study.
Conference papers on the topic "Dietary cellulose"
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Suryani, A. E., A. S. Anggraeni, L. Istiqomah, A. Sofyan, and A. A. Sakti. "Dietary supplementation of cellulase-producing probiotic on nutrients digestibility of broiler chicken." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICAST 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0143996.
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Roberts, J. C., D. N. Garner, and U. D. Akpabio. "Neutral Sizing and the Mechanism of Alkyl Ketene Dimer Sizing." In Papermaking Raw Materials, edited by V. Punton. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.1985.2.815.
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The principle of reactive sizing is discussed, and the variety of sizes which have been considered is reviewed. The reactivity of tetradecyl ketene dieter towards water and model compounds for cellulose has been shown to be very low and the results suggest that very little ß -keto ester formation would be expected under normal papermaking conditions. A study has also been made of the retention of C-14 labelled tetradecyl ketene dimer in laboratory handsheets, and of the degree of sizing which is induced. The results show that the dieter is present in the sheet predominantly in its unreacted form, but that a small percentage is present in a form which is not amenable to extraction by chloroform. This residual size exerts a considerable sizing effect, and the amount present in the sheet is related to the curing conditions used. The nature of the unextractable material has been studied by mild hydrolysis and the results are compatible with a low level of ß -keto ester formation. Comparisons have been made with C-14 labelled hexadecyl hexadecanoate, a compound of similar structure and physical characteristics but which is unable to undergo reaction with cellulose. A study has also been made of the influence of aluminium sulphate on alkyl ketene dieter sizing. The retention of size in sheets made in the presence of aluminium sulphate is reduced, but not to a sufficiently low level to account for the loss in sizing which is observed. An explanation in terms of the inhibition of reaction of the dieter with cellulose as a result of adsorbed aluminium species is proposed.
Reports on the topic "Dietary cellulose"
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Morrison, Mark, Joshuah Miron, Edward A. Bayer, and Raphael Lamed. Molecular Analysis of Cellulosome Organization in Ruminococcus Albus and Fibrobacter Intestinalis for Optimization of Fiber Digestibility in Ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586475.bard.
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Improving plant cell wall (fiber) degradation remains one of the highest priority research goals for all ruminant enterprises dependent on forages, hay, silage, or other fibrous byproducts as energy sources, because it governs the provision of energy-yielding nutrients to the host animal. Although the predominant species of microbes responsible for ruminal fiber degradation are culturable, the enzymology and genetics underpinning the process are poorly defined. In that context, there were two broad objectives for this proposal. The first objective was to identify the key cellulosomal components in Ruminococcus albus and to characterize their structural features as well as regulation of their expression, in response to polysaccharides and (or) P AA/PPA. The second objective was to evaluate the similarities in the structure and architecture of cellulosomal components between R. albus and other ruminal and non-ruminal cellulolytic bacteria. The cooperation among the investigators resulted in the identification of two glycoside hydrolases rate-limiting to cellulose degradation by Ruminococcus albus (Cel48A and CeI9B) and our demonstration that these enzymes possess a novel modular architecture specific to this bacterium (Devillard et al. 2004). We have now shown that the novel X-domains in Cel48A and Cel9B represent a new type of carbohydrate binding module, and the enzymes are not part of a ceiluiosome-like complex (CBM37, Xu et al. 2004). Both Cel48A and Cel9B are conditionally expressed in response to P AA/PPA, explaining why cellulose degradation in this bacterium is affected by the availability of these compounds, but additional studies have shown for the first time that neither PAA nor PPA influence xylan degradation by R. albus (Reveneau et al. 2003). Additionally, the R. albus genome sequencing project, led by the PI. Morrison, has supported our identification of many dockerin containing proteins. However, the identification of gene(s) encoding a scaffoldin has been more elusive, and recombinant proteins encoding candidate cohesin modules are now being used in Israel to verify the existence of dockerin-cohesin interactions and cellulosome production by R. albus. The Israeli partners have also conducted virtually all of the studies specific to the second Objective of the proposal. Comparative blotting studies have been conducted using specific antibodies prepare against purified recombinant cohesins and X-domains, derived from cellulosomal scaffoldins of R. flavefaciens 17, a Clostridium thermocellum mutant-preabsorbed antibody preparation, or against CbpC (fimbrial protein) of R. albus 8. The data also suggest that additional cellulolytic bacteria including Fibrobacter succinogenes S85, F. intestinalis DR7 and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens Dl may also employ cellulosomal modules similar to those of R. flavefaciens 17. Collectively, our work during the grant period has shown that R. albus and other ruminal bacteria employ several novel mechanisms for their adhesion to plant surfaces, and produce both cellulosomal and non-cellulosomal forms of glycoside hydrolases underpinning plant fiber degradation. These improvements in our mechanistic understanding of bacterial adhesion and enzyme regulation now offers the potential to: i) optimize ruminal and hindgut conditions by dietary additives to maximize fiber degradation (e.g. by the addition of select enzymes or PAA/PPA); ii) identify plant-borne influences on adhesion and fiber-degradation, which might be overcome (or improved) by conventional breeding or transgenic plant technologies and; iii) engineer or select microbes with improved adhesion capabilities, cellulosome assembly and fiber degradation. The potential benefits associated with this research proposal are likely to be realized in the medium term (5-10 years).