Dissertations / Theses: 'Dietary compounds'

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Ostertag, Sonja. "Estimated dietary exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112549.

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Perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs), sulfonates (PFSs) and perfluoroalkylsulfonamides (PFOSAs) have been detected in whole blood and serum of non-occupationally exposed humans, yet sources of exposure have not been fully elucidated. The objectives of this study were to estimate dietary exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), PFCAs (C7--C 11) and fluorotelomer unsaturated carboxylates (FTUCAs) for the general Canadian and Inuit populations prior to the phase-out of perfluorooctyl-sulfonyl production by 3M and voluntary reductions in PFOA emissions under the PFOA stewardship program. PFCs were measured in 65 archived composite food samples prepared for the 1998 Canadian Total Diet Study (TDS) and 68 archived traditional foods from Nunavut using a newly developed methanol extraction combined with a solid phase extraction clean up. Dietary exposure was estimated using food intake data available from studies carried out between 1997 and 1998 in southern Canada and Nunavut.
PFCs were detected in eight composite food samples from the Canadian TDS and in 61 traditional food samples. Elevated concentrations of PFCs were found in caribou liver (6.2+/-5.5 ng/g), ringed seal liver (7.7, 10.2 ng/g), polar bear meat (7.0 ng/g), beluga meat (7.0, 5.8 ng/g), luncheon meats (5.02 ng/g), cookies (2.7 ng/g), processed cheese (2.1 ng/g) and peppers (1.8 ng/g). Low levels of total PFCs (<1.5 ng/g) were measured in 41 traditional foods including: meat (caribou, ptarmigan, snow goose, bearded seal, walrus, black duck), berries, and fish (lake trout, arctic char). PFCs were not detected in beverages, unprocessed meats, breads, cereals and fruits from the TDS composite samples analyzed.
The ranges of estimated daily exposure to PFCs were between 2 and 59 ng-person-1 and 210 to 610 ng-person-1 for average Canadians and Inuit in Nunavut respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in mean PFC exposure levels for different age and gender groups in the general Canadian population. Inuit men in the 41 to 60 year old age group had statistically significantly higher estimated daily exposure to PFCs (p<0.05) than younger men and women from the same age group. This higher exposure was associated with the consumption of beluga muktuk, caribou liver and bearded seal intestine.
Traditional foods contributed a higher percentage to PFC exposure than market foods in all age and gender groups for the Inuit population. In general, caribou meat, arctic char meat and cookies contributed most to dietary exposure for Inuit, with caribou flesh contributing 43 to 75 percent to daily PFC dietary exposure. Dietary exposure for the general Canadian population was associated with the consumption of cakes and cookies, processed cheese, and regular cheese.
Levels of dietary exposure to PFCs estimated in these studies do not pose any significant health risk to either population based on current toxicological information.

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Geraets, Liesbeth. "Dietary PARP-1 inhibitors as anti-inflammatory compounds." Maastricht : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=14252.

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Rich, Clive George. "Morphine-like compounds in brain tissue and dietary materials." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328983.

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Schwartzman, Judy Susan. "Dietary N-nitroso compounds and the risk of brain tumours in adults." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq28753.pdf.

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Morton, Lincoln William. "The role of dietary phenolic compounds in the detoxification of reactive nitrogen species." University of Western Australia. Dept. of Medicine, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2003.0026.

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[Truncated abstract. Please see the pdf format for the complete text.] Interest in the role of peroxynitrite in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis has increased due to many in vitro studies which have demonstrated its potent oxidising and nitrating capability and immunohistochemical staining studies which demonstrate nitration of tyrosine in vivo. It is frequently suggested that the production of nitric oxide and superoxide at sites of inflammation implicates peroxynitrite as the major damaging reactive nitrogen species in vivo. Evidence for a role for peroxynitrite is often demonstrated by measurement of 3-nitrotyrosine yet even this cannot distinguish peroxynitrite from other nitrating species. Clearly, however, if peroxynitrite is important in atherogenesis, then identification of mechanisms for its detoxification could provide a means of preventing such effects. Therefore, this Thesis has sought to determine whether phenolic compounds of dietary origin can be preferentially nitrated by reactive nitrogen species thereby protecting endogenous structures, such as low density lipoproteins, from atherogenic modifications. This Thesis focuses upon phenolic acids as they have received relatively less attention than other classes of phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids, yet they are quite abundant in socially important beverages such as red wine. In order to complete the required analyses, the development of methods to detect phenolic acids and their nitration products together with 3-nitrotyrosine, dityrosine and 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol was necessary. The initial in vitro experiments described herein sought to determine the products of reaction of peroxynitrite with phenolic acids of the 4-hydroxy and 3,4-dihydroxy type and then to examine whether these products could account for a protective effect upon tyrosine, lipids and endogenous anti-oxidants, if any was observed, when isolated LDL was treated with SIN-1, which releases peroxynitrite through the simultaneous generation of nitric oxide and superoxide. A concurrent minor focus was to examine the relationship between structure and activity of these phenolic acids under various regimes of oxidative insult. These experiments indicate that, at least in this in vitro model, oxidation is a dominant mechanism over nitration. Peroxynitrite was shown to nitrate coumaric acid in moderate yields but exclusive oxidation of caffeic acid appeared to occur. Although a potential role for γ-tocopherol as an anti-nitration agent was inferred, all types of chemical treatment of LDL in the presence of phenolic acids yielded oxidation as the primary end point. In fact, nitration of tyrosine was not detected and nitration of coumaric acid was at the limit of detection. Since nitration of tyrosine is generally regarded as important in many disease states, a more physiological nitrating mechanism involving artificially stimulated neutrophils was used. This system demonstrated that although physiologically relevant reactive nitrogen species can result in nitration of phenolic compounds, in a complex system including biological structures (LDL) and phenolic compounds, oxidation but not nitration of all species appears to occur. As a consequence of the results above, an examination of carotid plaque was undertaken to determine to what extent nitration occurred relative to oxidation in atherosclerotic tissue. These studies applied methods developed herein to detect 3-nitrotyrosine and dityrosine in complex biological matrices as markers of nitration and oxidation respectively. The data obtained demonstrated that nitration was a minor modification of protein (0.01%) compared to oxidation (0.3%) even in a highly diseased tissue such as carotid artery plaque. A secondary study examining plasma revealed that dityrosine, which has been implicated in irreversible albumin aggregation in chronic renal failure and more recently in heart disease, is elevated in chronic renal failure subjects compared to well matched controls. A separate examination of plasma from healthy subjects revealed that in both the fasting and post prandial state 3-nitrotyrosine could not be detected and, in fact, interfering species could be problematic in the GC-MS analysis of 3-nitrotyrosine. The lack of nitration of any substrate observed in vitro using reactive nitrogen species generated in the aqueous phase, the relative lack of nitration of tyrosine in plaque proteins and the lipophilicity of nitric oxide, the precursor of all reactive nitrogen species, suggested that nitration could be more closely associated with lipid structures. The known ability of γ-tocopherol to form 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol was used to probe this concept. The 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol content of lipid extracts obtained from carotid artery plaques was very high (30%). This indicated that nitration is predominantly a lipid phase phenomenon and that nitrating species are present in much greater abundance than oxidising species in vivo.

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Frank, Jan. "Dietary phenolic compounds and vitamin E bioavailability : model studies in rats and humans /." Uppsala : Dept. of Microbiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a446.pdf.

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Rylander, Lars. "Dietary exposure to persistent organochlorine compounds and health effects in women and their infants epidemiological studies on birthweight, cancer incidence and mortality /." Lund : Dept. of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, 1997. http://books.google.com/books?id=rgFrAAAAMAAJ.

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Sgwane, Thulile Seipone. "Effect of essential oil compounds on metabolism of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids by ruminal microorganisms in vitro." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227111.

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Ruminant products, meat and milk, were long ago discovered to contain a high content of saturated fat associated with various chronic diseases in human, including coronary heart disease. Increased consumption of n-3 fatty acids, linolenic (LNA; 18:3n-3), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) by man has been linked with reduced incidences of these diseases. Therefore, in vitro experiments carried out in this thesis investigated the possibility that the dietary inclusion of essential oil compounds (EOC) might modify ruminal biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and thereby improve the fatty acid profiles of ruminant derived foods. In the first experiment, twenty EOC were screened, of which carvacrol, thymol, cis/trans-citral, geraniol, nerol, (+)-α-pinene, l-menthone, linalyl acetate and (R)-(+)-pulegone were most effective at protecting the PUFA from biohydrogenation. The reduced accumulation of stearic acid with concomitant increases in vaccenic acid following the addition of the EOC confirmed their capacity to inhibit biohydrogenation of both LA and LNA. However, the observed decreases in total volatile fatty acids concentrations suggested that the inclusion of these compounds at 300 mg l-1 also suppressed microbial fermentation. Of these EOC, carvacrol and thymol were the most potent inhibitors of fermentation as they decreased total VFA concentrations by ≥60% from those of the control. In the second experiment, selected EOC, namely linalyl acetate, l-menthone and (+)-α-pinene, were tested at lower doses. It was observed that these EOC when added at 100 and 200 mg l-1 also inhibited biohydrogenation with minimal effect on VFA concentration. In experiment 3, pure culture work was undertaken to assess the effects of EOC on three key Butyrivibrio spp., involved in the biohydrogenation process, namely B. fibrisolvens, B. hungatei and B. proteoclasticus. The EOC inhibited biohydrogenation through their bacteriostatic effects on these bacteria. In conclusion, these studies revealed that EOC have the potential to modify ruminal biohydrogenation to varying extents depending on the type of compound used and the dose applied. Consequently, they might be useful at improving the healthiness of ruminant products, however their effects have to be confirmed in vivo and ensure that they do not cause significant inhibition of fibre digestion.

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Zhang, Zhenxian. "ASSESSMENT OF THE FEASIBILITY OF CO-ADMINISTRATION OF PHENOLIC DIETARY COMPOUNDS WITH PHENYLEPHRINE TO INCREASE ITS BIOAVAILABILITY." VCU Scholars Compass, 2013. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/539.

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R-(-)-Phenylephrine (PE) is the most commonly used nonprescription oral nasal decongestant in the United States. It is a selective α1-adrenergic receptor agonist and has many years of safe usage. However, the efficacy of PE is controversial, due to its extensive pre-systemic metabolism, which leads to low and variable oral bioavailability (38 ± 9%, mean ± SD). Sulfation plays a very important role in pre-systemic metabolism of PE. The sulfation of PE occurs at its phenolic group, which is the preferred structural feature of many sulfotransferase (SULT) substrates. Compounds with phenolic groups have similar structures to PE, which may share the same SULT isoforms with PE and have the potential to inhibit PE sulfation. Co-administration of the phenolic compounds from the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS) list, Everything Added to Food in the United States (EAFUS), or dietary supplements along with PE could be an effective strategy to inhibit the pre-systemic sulfation of PE. The primary side effect of PE is hypertension. Since monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors may increase the risk of hypertension, they should not be taken with PE. In order to increase the oral bioavailability and eventually improve the efficacy of PE, this research project aimed to investigate the feasibility of inhibiting the pre-systemic sulfation of PE with phenolic dietary compounds. Considering the safety issue, this research project also aimed to investigate whether these phenolic dietary compounds have inhibitory effects on MAO-A/B. A human colon adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line (LS180), which shows sulfation activity, was used as a model to test the effect of these phenolic compounds on the sulfation of PE. The extent of disappearance of PE was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased to the following (mean ± SEM, as % of control) when incubated with phenolic dietary compounds in LS180 cells for 14 - 19 hrs: curcumin 24.5 ± 14.0%, guaiacol 51.3 ± 8.0%, isoeugenol 73.9 ± 4.3%, pterostilbene 70.6 ± 4.2%, resveratrol 14.2 ± 28.0%, zingerone 52.4 ± 14.6%, and the combinations eugenol + propylparaben 42.6 ± 8.4%, vanillin + propylparaben 37.0 ± 11.2%, eugenol + propylparaben + vanillin + ascorbic acid 31.1 ± 10.9%, eugenol + vanillin 57.5 ± 20.6%, and pterostilbene + zingerone 36.5 ± 7.0%. The combinations of curcumin + resveratrol and curcumin + pterostilbene + resveratrol + zingerone almost completely inhibited PE disappearance. PE sulfate formation was inhibited 67.0 ± 4.2% (mean ± SEM, as % of control) by guaiacol and 71.7 ± 2.6% by pterostilbene + zingerone. The combinations of curcumin + resveratrol and curcumin + pterostilbene + resveratrol + zingerone inhibited ≥ 99% of PE sulfate formation. These results were consistent with those from analysis of the disappearance of PE in LS180 cells. These phenolic inhibitors for sulfation were also tested to see whether they have any inhibitory effects on MAO-A or B. Significant inhibition was found with curcumin, guaiacol, isoeugenol, pterostilbene, resveratrol, and zingerone on both MAO-A and B. Further kinetic studies were conducted to investigate the concentration of an inhibitor at which the enzyme activity is reduced by half (IC50) (mean ± SEM) of these inhibitors. The most potent inhibitor for MAO-A was resveratrol (0.313 ± 0.008 μM) followed by isoeugenol (3.72 ± 0.20 μM), curcumin (12.9 ± 1.3 μM), pterostilbene (13.4 ± 1.5 μM), zingerone (16.3 ± 1.1 μM), and guaiacol (131 ± 6 μM). The most potent inhibitor for MAO-B was pterostilbene (0.138 ± 0.013 μM), followed by curcumin (6.30 ± 0.11 μM), resveratrol (15.8 ± 1.3 μM), isoeugenol (102 ± 5 μM), and guaiacol (322 ± 27 μM). Since these phenolic compounds all have relatively low oral bioavailability, any MAO inhibition which could occur systemically is expected to be limited. Most inhibitory effects on MAO-A and B if any would be limited to the GI tract and liver. In conclusion, several compounds and combinations showed inhibition on PE sulfation in LS180 cell model, which may have potential to inhibit the pre-systemic sulfation of PE to improve its oral bioavailability. These compounds also showed the unexpected inhibition on human MAO-A and B with different potency, which could guide the selection of phenolic dietary compounds for further studies, along with the sulfation inhibition results and their pharmacokinetic (PK) properties such as bioavailability.

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Amer, Dena Ahmed Mohamed. "Estrogen Receptor-Beta Dependent Activities of Dietary Compounds in a Genetically Modified Rat Raphe Nuclei-Derived Cell Line." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-70312.

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Estrogens greatly affect the activity and connectivity of serotonergic neural cell populations, which extend from clusters of nuclei in the brainstem, termed the raphe nuclei, where estrogen receptor β is the most abundantly expressed estrogen receptor subtype. Estrogenic effects on the raphe nuclei are primarily important for influencing various neuropsychological behaviors, including depression, mood swings and anxiety behaviors. Because of this connection, phases of intense hormone fluctuations for instance during menopause are often associated with several mood disturbances that often reduce the quality of life of menopausal women. Accordingly, long-term use of hormone replacement therapy appeared to be the method of choice for many menopausal women to help alleviate vasomotor symptoms, which may include neuropsychological changes such as depression. However, given the limitations and number of serious health risks attributed to hormone replacement therapy, natural compounds such as phytoestrogens are receiving widespread awareness due to their occurrence in medicinal plant extracts and a wide variety of food items including dietary supplements with respective health claims. Flavonoids, particularly the isoflavones and the naringenin-type flavanones, belong to a group of polyphenolic plant-derived secondary metabolites known to possess estrogen-like bioactivities. Nevertheless, little is known about their transactivational activity and their potential to regulate endogenous gene expression of estrogen responsive genes in the raphe nuclei due to the lack of suitable cellular models expressing sufficient amounts of functional estrogen receptor β. Hence, a raphe nuclei-derived cell line that expresses a functional estrogen receptor β was sought as a model to investigate effects of flavonoids in vitro. In this regard, RN46A-B14 cells derived from embryonic day 13 rat medullary raphe nuclei were primarily used in this study as the main cellular model. Nonetheless, expression of endogenous estrogen receptor β in these cells was not sufficient to pursue downstream investigations of estrogen-dependent activities. To overcome this deficit, a rat raphe nuclei-derived in vitro model that overexpresses a functional estrogen receptor β was initially established (herein termed RNDA cells) by stably transducing its parent cell line, RN46A-B14 cells, with a suitable lentiviral expression vector encoding a human estrogen receptor β gene. The stable expression and the functional characterization of the transgenic receptor was confirmed by Western blot analysis and luciferase reporter gene assays, respectively. The same reporter gene assay was used to scrutinize the transactivational activity of the flavonoids in RNDA cells. Key results revealed that Genistein, Daidzein, Equol, Naringenin and 8-Prenylnaringenin demonstrated high transactivational activity in a concentration-dependent manner by stimulating luciferase expression from an estrogen responsive element-regulated reporter gene construct transiently transfected in RNDA cells. Low transactivational activity was observed in RNDA cells in response to increasing concentrations of 7-(O-prenyl)naringenin-4'-acetate. However, no transactivational activity was noticed in response to 6-(1,1-Dimethylallyl)naringenin in the studied cell model. All effects elicited by the flavonoids were antagonized by the pure estrogen receptor antagonist, Fulvestrant, indicating that all substances act by binding to and activating the transgenic ERβ. Additional effects were observed in RNDA cells in response to a co-treatment of 1 µM of either Genistein or Daidzein, but not Equol, with 10 nM 17β-Estradiol. Slight antagonistic effects were observed in the same studied cell line when either 8-Prenylnaringenin or 7-(O-prenyl)naringenin-4'-acetate, but not Naringenin or 6-(1,1-Dimethylallyl)naringenin, were co-added with 17β-Estradiol. Results from the reporter gene assays were validated on the basis of regulation of mRNA expression of estrogen responsive genes following the global assessment of 17β-Estradiol-induced gene expression in this cell line using a DNA microarray technique. Out of 212 estrogen-regulated genes with at least two-fold change of expression, six were selected according to specific features of estrogenic regulation of expression. The expression of the six selected 17β-Estradiol-regulated genes was validated using quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The regulation of mRNA expression of the selected genes in response to the tested flavonoids was then investigated in RNDA cells. Additionally, because RNDA cells encode a temperature-sensitive mutant of the Simian Virus 40 large T-antigen, their neuronal differentiation is constitutive upon shifting them from conditions promoting proliferation (permissive temperature) to differentiation (non permissive temperature). Hence, the regulation of mRNA expression of the selected genes in response to the tested flavonoids was additionally investigated as RNDA cells differentiate. In RNDA cells grown under proliferative conditions, 17β-Estradiol up-regulated mRNA expression of camello-like 5, sex determining region Y-box 18 and keratin type I cytoskeletal 19. Similar effects were observed in response to 8-Prenylnaringenin, Genistein, Daidzein and Equol. In addition, 17β-Estradiol down-regulated mRNA expression of neurofilament medium polypeptide and zinc finger DHHC-type containing 2. Similar effects were observed in response to 8-Prenylnaringenin, Naringenin, Genistein, Daidzein and Equol. Yet, no effect was observed on the regulation of mRNA expression of solute carrier family 6 member 4 in response to 17β-Estradiol or the flavonoids in RNDA cells grown under proliferative conditions. When RNDA cells were shifted to conditions promoting differentiation, changes in cell morphology, in mRNA expression levels and in responsiveness towards 17β-Estradiol or the flavonoids were observed. These expression studies additionally highlighted some of the genes as indicator genes for RNDA cellular differentiation. The newly established RNDA cell line should prove useful to elucidate basic physiological properties of estrogen receptor β in the raphe nuclei. The present study should serve as the basis to help shed light on molecular and cellular mechanisms following the action of phytoestrogens, endocrine disruptors or other exogenous estrogen receptor ligands in neural cell populations, particularly the raphe nuclei, for further applications within the brain.

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Maharao, Neha V. "Inhibition of Oxidative and Conjugative Metabolism of Buprenorphine Using Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) Compounds or Components of Dietary Supplements." VCU Scholars Compass, 2017. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4752.

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This dissertation aimed at developing an inhibitor strategy to improve the oral bioavailability (Foral) and systemic exposure (AUC∞) of buprenorphine (BUP) as well as reduce the variability associated with them. Twenty-seven generally recognized as safe (GRAS) compounds or dietary substances were evaluated for their potential to inhibit the oxidative and conjugative metabolism of BUP, using pooled human intestinal and liver microsomes. In both the organs, oxidation appeared to be the major metabolic pathway with a 6 fold (intestine) and 4 fold (liver) higher intrinsic clearance than glucuronidation. Buprenorphine was predicted to show low and variable Foral, AUC∞, and a large total clearance. The biorelevant solubilities of 5 preferred inhibitors were incorporated in the final model. An inhibitor dosing strategy was identified to increase Foral and reduce the variability in oral BUP AUC∞. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the approach of using GRAS or dietary compounds to inhibit the presystemic metabolism of buprenorphine and thus improve its oral bioavailability. This inhibitor strategy has promising applicability to a variety of drugs suffering from low and variable oral bioavailability due to extensive presystemic oxidative and conjugative metabolism.

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Zhang, Yanling. "Hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and algal derived organic materials (AOM) in drinking reservoirs around the Pearl River Delta Region : effects of chlorination and protecting effects of dietary antioxidants against genotoxic disinfection byproducts (DBPs)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1403.

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Fite, Alemu. "The antimicrobial interaction of acidified nitrite with other physiologically active compounds (PAC), the potential host defence mechanism of dietary nitrate." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369736.

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Transfer of nitrite at salivary concentrations enhance the antimicrobial activity of stomach acid against food borne pathogens and may be involved in the host defence of humans and animals. Studies from experimental animals, microbial tests, human ex vivo and in vivo investigations support the hypothesis that dietary nitrate is beneficial for health. The positive findings that acidified nitrite is antimicrobial at the acidic conditions of the stomach is viewed in conjunction with the potential production of nitrogen, intermediates such as NO, a molecule of significant importance in science. This led to propose that acidified nitrite can kill or inhibit enteric bacterial species that are associated with gastrointestinal diseases and could modify the antimicrobial effects of acidified nitrite by other physiologically active compounds. By a systematic exposure of selected enteric bacterial species to acidified nitrite and other PAC alone or in combinations, it was found that acidified nitrite, especially at low pH values was inhibitory to bacterial growth or killer of bacterial cells. Glutathione and vitamin C inhibited the antimicrobial effects of nitrite whilst thiocyanate and iodide enhanced it. Thiocyanate produced an effective antimicrobial activity that was comparable to nitrite but there was no synergistic antimicrobial interaction between acidified nitrite and thiocyanate. The addition of thiocyanate enhanced the antimicrobial effects of cow's milk in a pH-dependent activity. The overall results reported here suggested to conclude that dietary factors found in fruits and vegetables are not only beneficial in the supply of vitamins, antioxidants and enzymes but also antimicrobial agents that are worth investigation for therapeutic purposes.

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Bailey-Horne, Victoria Adele. "Development of tools and sampling strategies to assess the significance of dietary and environmental exposure to perfluorinated compounds in the UK." Thesis, University of York, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556248.

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Novel separation, extraction and detection methods were developed to accurately measure concentrations of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in environmental/food matrices. Sampling strategies and the significance of UK environmental PFC exposure were assessed by quantitative analysis of wildlife liver samples in aquatic and terrestrial food chains. As diet is the main exposure route for related contaminants, UK human PFC exposure was estimated through dietary studies. When analysing for PFCs in food, weak anion exchange solid phase extraction (WAX- SPE) is used for extract cleanup and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC- MSIMS) for the quantification. This method was used to analyse the majority of foods in this PhD dietary study. Analysing fatty foods (cheese, meat, liver or eggs) is problematic, therefore fluorous biphasic systems (FBS) were investigated to partition PFCs from organic into fluorous solvents. When this developed FBS was prefixed to the conventional SPE method, PFC concentrations could be determined for the diet study by LC-MSIMS without enhancement/suppression from the fatty matrix. Aquatic and terrestrial wildlife livers were analysed by both conventional PFC methods and new techniques. PFCs were extracted using methanol, cleaned up by WAX-SPE and analysed by time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) or LC-MS/MS. The results showed two outcomes. Firstly, PFOS is readily detected in UK environmental samples, even from isolated ecosystems (Outer Hebrides) with very low anthropogenic contribution. Secondly, concentrations are of concern, as they are higher than those in foods of the UK diet. The mink would appear to be consuming food containing PFOS, thus indicating a contaminated environment. A database of PFCs «260) was developed, providing a valuable reference source. It contains molecular structures, compound names, abbreviations, formulae, fluorous percentages, neutral exact masses and the anion monoisotopic masses [M-Hr. The database is exportable and directly searchable by the LC-TOF-MS peak identification software and was used to screen environmental and food samples.

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Bottone, Frank Gerard Jr. "The Biology and Regulation of Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) by Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Dietary Compounds with Chemopreventive Activity." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03132005-101341/.

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective chemopreventive agents in various tissue types such as colon and breast. Until recently their mode of action was thought to be solely through inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), which along with its products such as prostaglandin E2, are upregulated in tumors. However, gene regulation may, in part, explain the alterations in invasion, apoptosis, and/or cell proliferation seen with NSAIDs. In this report, we utilized microarray analysis of colorectal cancer cells treated with low, non-toxic concentrations of sulindac sulfide to show that the active metabolite of this NSAID and potent cancer chemopreventive drug regulates the expression of a variety of genes. Several genes related to cell growth and apoptosis, while others were transcription factors, which are important regulators of gene expression. NSAIDs such as the Cox-1 specific inhibitor SC-560 and the Cox-2 specific inhibitor SC-58125 modulated the expression of these genes in HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells, which correlated with the biological activity but not Cox-2 inhibitory activity of these compounds. Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) was one gene identified as induced by a variety of NSAIDs and confirmed in a variety of cell lines in our laboratory. ATF3 was induced by a variety of other compounds with cancer chemopreventive activity such as the PPAR gamma ligand troglitazone (TGZ) and the dietary compounds diallyl disulfide (DADS), resveratrol, and genistein. To ascertain the biological significance of the induction of ATF3, we overexpressed ATF3 in the sense and antisense orientation. Overexpression of ATF3 in the sense orientation reduced the size of mouse tumor xenografts by 54 percent in vivo. One explanation for the biological activity of ATF3 is down-stream gene modulation. Using microarray analysis, overexpression of ATF3 in the sense orientation regulated several genes related to invasion and metastasis. ATF3 overexpression decreased focus formation and inhibited invasion potential in vitro to a similar degree as sulindac sulfide treatment. Conversely, antisense ATF3 overexpression increased invasion potential and focus formation. Therefore, the biological activity of these compounds may be linked to the gene regulator role of ATF3. Lastly, we demonstrated that ATF3 is modulated by the transcription factor Early Growth Response Gene-1 (Egr-1). The induction of ATF3 by sulindac sulfide and TGZ at the mRNA, protein, and promoter level required Egr-1 and the Extracellular regulated kinase-1/2 (Erk-1/2) MAPK pathway. In conclusion, NSAIDs and other chemopreventive compounds alter the expression of a number of genes, in particular transcription factors, which may be linked to the biological activity of these compounds. Lastly, we dispute the dogma that ATF3 is solely a stress response gene and provide evidence that ATF3 has anti-cancer activity warranting further investigation.

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Fujioka, Kazutoshi. "Formation/inhibition and toxicity of reactive carbonyl compounds from oxidized dietary oils : antioxidant properties of phytochemicals measured by headspace solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Paiva, Ana Giselda Simões. "Genotypic and environmental effects on the concentration of healthy compounds of four durum wheat varieties." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/15497.

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Mestrado em Biotecnologia - Biotecnologia Alimentar
Wheat is one of the most important grain in human diet and it is the most grown cereal crop wordwide. Nowadays since global climatic changes have become more important to food production, we asked whether climatic conditions and genotype would influence the production of healthy compounds on old and new varieties of durum wheat. Resistant starch and phenolic acids were quantified by HPLC techniques to evaluate the environmental and genotypic effects and to characterize four durum wheat species grown in South Italy. Environment had a strong impact on the production of resistant starch and phenolic acids, while genotype had the greastest effect on the same compounds. The production of phenolic acids tended to increase by the effect of winter sowing season and the year 2014 during the grain filling period. Ferulic and sinapic acid were the most abundant in the four varieties. The two new Ethiopian lines were more efficient on the production of phenolic acids and resistant starch, while the old genotype Trinakria and its genetic modified pair showed to be slightly less productive. Wheat based products higher in phenolic acids and resistant starch might lead to a diet richer in bioactive substances that promote health.
O trigo é um dos cereais mais importantes na alimentação humana e um dos mais produzidos a nível mundial. No momento em que as alterações climáticas parecem ser cada vez mais importantes na produção de alimentos, foi questionado se as condições climáticas e o genótipo poderiam influenciar a produção de compostos benéficos para a saúde em variedades antigas e novas de trigo duro. O amido resistente e os ácidos fenólicos foram quantificados através de técnicas cromatográficas para avaliar os efeitos ambientais e genotípicos e para caracterizar quatro variedades de trigo duro cultivadas no sul de Itália. O ambiente influenciou a produção de amido resistente e de ácidos fenólicos, enquanto que o genótipo teve o maior impacto nestes. A produção de ácidos fenólicos tendeu a aumentar pelo efeito da estação invernal e do ano 2014 no período de enchimento dos grãos. Os ácidos ferúlico e sinápico foram os mais abundantes nestas variedades. As duas linhas genotípicas Etiopia novas foram as mais eficientes na produção de ácidos fenólicos e amido resistente, enquanto que o genótipo antigo Trinakria e o seu par geneticamente modificado mostraram ser ligeiramente menos produtivos. Pensa-se que os produtos alimentares à base de trigo com um conteúdo de amido resistente e ácidos fenólicos elevado conduzem a uma dieta mais rica em substâncias bioactivas que promovem a saúde humana.

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Monteiro, Elisa Bernardes. "Caracterização química e estudo das propriedades funcionais biológicas in vivo da folha de taioba (xanthosoma sagittifolium)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/254505.

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Orientador: Jaime Amaya-Farfán
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) é uma arácea comestível originária da América tropical de elevado valor nutritivo. Os órgãos subterrâneos da planta (cormos e cormilhos) são consumidos por algumas populações no mundo e constituem fonte energética importante na dieta; o consumo de suas folhas, no entanto, não é muito difundido, sendo considerada uma hortaliça não convencional. Visando-se o melhor conhecimento dessa fonte alimentar, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo a caracterização da fibra da folha de taioba, bem como a avaliação de possíveis efeitos funcionais fisiológicos in vivo promovidos pelo consumo da folha. A folha de taioba foi coccionada, liofilizada e teve sua composição centesimal e aminoacídica determinadas, sendo a fibra alimentar analisada quantitativa e qualitativamente. Através de ensaio biológico, foram avaliados os efeitos na produção de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, no metabolismo de ácidos biliares e na modulação da microbiota intestinal, parâmetros importantes na avaliação da atividade prebiótica. A folha de taioba liofilizada apresentou teores de fibra alimentar total, solúvel e insolúvel de 35,23 ± 0,26%, 6,82 ± 0,06% e 28,04 ± 0,21%, respectivamente. O aminograma da folha liofilizada apontou os aminoácidos ácido aspártico, ácido glutâmico, arginina, alanina, leucina e lisina como os mais abundantes. A análise da composição monossacarídica demonstrou que a glicose é o monômero mais abundante (61%), sugerindo a presença de celulose e hemicelulose em grandes quantidades na folha. A frutose aparece como o segundo monossacarídeo mais abundante (29%), seguida dos demais monômeros analisados. Os monossacarídeos neutros constituíram em 19,23 ± 2,0% da folha de taioba liofilizada. Os animais que foram alimentados com dieta contendo folha de taioba apresentaram a maior atividade fermentativa no cólon, estimada pelas concentrações de ácidos graxos totais (dieta contendo 2,5% de celulose e 2,5% de fibra da folha de taioba). No ceco, também foi observada maior atividade fermentativa nos animais do referido grupo, porém diferenças significativas só foram observadas em relação aos grupos 4 e 5, que receberam dietas com os maiores teores de fibra total (7,5%). Os grupos alimentados com taioba também apresentaram maiores proporções de ácido butírico no cólon e no ceco, em detrimento dos demais ácidos graxos. Apesar das dietas não terem influenciado as concentrações de ácidos biliares totais no ceco e no cólon, os animais que receberam dietas contendo 5% de fibra, sendo elas celulose (grupo 1) ou celulose acrescida de inulina (grupo 2), tiveram maiores percentuais de ácidos biliares secundários em detrimento dos primários. Comportamento inverso foi observado em animais alimentados com taioba. Análise preliminar da microbiota intestinal demonstrou que os microrganismos probióticos e o gênero Clostridium foram predominantes no ceco de todos os animais em estudo, enquanto que as contagens de enterobactérias e de Bacteroides sp. apresentaram grandes variações entre as dietas. A inulina pareceu exercer efeito repressor no crescimento de enterobactérias. Sugere-se no presente trabalho que a folha de taioba possa influenciar a taxa fermentativa da microbiota intestinal e modular o perfil de ácidos graxos de cadeia curta. Sugere-se ainda que a folha de taioba possa exercer efeito benéfico no metabolismo de ácidos biliares
Abstract: Taioba (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) is an edible aroid originated from tropical America that exhibits significant nutritive value. Its tuberous portions (corms and cormels) are consumed by several populations worldwide and can provide an important part of the subsistence energy in these regions. However, the leafy portions of Taioba are generally discarded because of being considered as non-conventional vegetables. The main objective of this work was to determine and characterize the dietary fiber present in the Taioba¿s leaf, and to examine its possible in vivo physiological effects when fed to rats. The leafy portions of the plant were cooked, freeze-dried and chemically characterized, the dietary fiber determined both quantitative and qualitatively. Biological evaluation was conducted to assess the effect of leaf powder on the intestinal short-chain fatty acid production, bile acid metabolism and microflora modulation, all known to be indicators of prebiotic function. Total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents in Taioba leaf powder (TLP) were 35.23 ± 0.26%, 6.82 ± 0.06% and 28.04 ± 0.21%, respectively. Amino acid composition showed that aspartic, glutamic acids, arginine, alanine, leucine and lysine were predominant in the TLP. Monosaccharide composition showed glucose as the main component (61%), suggesting the presence of cellulose. Fructose appeared as the second most abundant monosaccharide (29%), followed by other monosaccharides in less appreciable concentrations. Total neutral sugars constituted 19.29 ± 2.0% of the TLP. Animals fed with diets containing the leaf powder (2.5% cellulose and 2.5% TLP) showed the highest fermentative rate in the colon, as estimated by the total short-chain fatty-acid concentrations. The same animals showed that butyric acid also had the highest concentrations in comparison to the other acids. In the cecum contents of these animals, great fermentative rates were also observed. The TLP seemed to improve the bile acid profile in both colon and cecum by diminishing the proportion of secondary acids, notwithstanding the total concentration remaining unchanged. Preliminary analysis of the intestinal microflora in cecum contents showed high proportions of probiotic organisms and Clostridium sp.. All diets showed great variations for Enterobacter sp. and Bacteroides sp.. Apparently, inulin inhibited Enterobacter sp. growth. The present study suggests that dietary fiber and/or other bioactive compounds in the TLP could beneficially influence fermentative rate, short-chain fatty acid profile and bile acid metabolism
Mestrado
Nutrição Experimental e Aplicada à Tecnologia de Alimentos
Mestre em Alimentos e Nutrição

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19

Bunn, Janice Yanushka. "Reliability of a food-frequency questionnaire used to estimate dietary exposure to n-nitroso and related compounds in a case-control study of childhood brain tumors /." The Ohio State University, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487779914824219.

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Oliveira, Ludmilla de Carvalho 1985. "Antioxidant properties and physical, sensory and nutritional characteristics of extruded corn-based breakfast cereal elaborated with whole grain wheat flour and jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) peel powder : Propriedades antioxidantes e características físicas, sensoriais e nutricionais de cereal matinal extrusado elaborado com farinha de trigo de grão inteiro e casca de jabuticaba (Myrciaria cauliflora) em." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256006.

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Orientador: Caroline Joy Steel
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos
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Resumo: A extrusão é a principal tecnologia utilizada na obtenção de cereal matinal ready-to-eat (RTE), sendo o amido o principal constituinte estrutural. O processo ocorre sob condições de alta temperatura, alta pressão, baixa umidade e cisalhamento. Atentos à crescente demanda de consumidores preocupados com a saúde, estudos têm mostrado que é possível introduzir ingredientes na formulação de extrusados que incrementem o seu valor nutricional e/ou funcional e, no caso de cereal matinal, a farinha de trigo de grão inteiro e os produtos derivados de frutas são exemplos com potencial de associar funcionalidade ao produto. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da substituição da farinha de milho (FM) por farinha de trigo de grão inteiro (FTGI), da umidade de alimentação da matéria-prima e da temperatura de extrusão sobre as propriedades tecnológicas, sensoriais e nutricionais de cereal matinal RTE. Os cereais matinais foram elaborados seguindo um delineamento composto central rotacional 23 (18 ensaios), sendo as variáveis independentes: proporção de FTGI, umidade de alimentação da matéria-prima e temperatura das zonas 3 e 4 da extrusora. Os produtos extrusados foram avaliados quanto aos aspectos físicos, químicos, nutricionais e sensoriais. O ponto ótimo foi selecionado de forma empírica, tendo como critérios de definição expansão intermediária, máximo teor de fibra alimentar (considerando os valores estabelecidos pela legislação), mínima dureza e máxima crocância, principalmente após imersão em leite. Com base nisso, quatro formulações de cereal matinal foram processadas nas condições de temperatura e umidade do ponto ótimo (100°C e 16%, respectivamente) e com inclusão de casca de jabuticaba em pó (CJP), sendo: (1) 100% de FM; (2) 20% FM + 80% FTGI; (3) 10% FM + 10% CJP + 80% FTGI e (4) 90% FM + 10% CJP. Os cereais resultantes foram igualmente avaliados quanto a sua qualidade tecnológica (índice de expansão, densidade aparente, textura a seco, textura em leite, índice de solubilidade em água, índice de absorção de água), nutricional (fibra alimentar total, perfil de fenólicos e atividade antioxidante) e sensorial (testes de aceitação e de intenção de compra). O perfil de fenólicos e a atividade antioxidante dos cereais matinais e matérias-primas foram avaliados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) e pela capacidade de absorbância do radical oxigênio (ORAC). A combinação de FTGI com FM foi uma boa alternativa para o incremento do teor de fibra alimentar nos produtos extrusados. As propriedades de textura dos extrusados, dureza e crocância, foram principalmente influenciadas pela FTGI e umidade de alimentação; com alterações nas propriedades após imersão em leite. Em relação à cor, os cereais elaborados com alto teor de FTGI à alta temperatura ou alto teor de umidade foram mais escuros. A natureza do amido, tão bem como a presença de fibra governou o processo de gelatinização, a formação do complexo amilose-lipídeo e a retrogradação. Os cereais matinais contendo FTGI e CJP apresentaram aceitáveis características físicas e sensoriais. Antocianinas, cianidina 3-glicosídeo e delfinidina 3-glicosídeo, e ácido ferúlico foram os compostos fenólicos predominantes na CJP e FTGI, respectivamente, e também presentes nos cereais após extrusão, os quais apresentaram atividade antioxidante in vitro
Abstract: Extrusion is the main technology used to obtain "ready-to-eat" (RTE) breakfast cereals, being starch their main structural component. The process submits the ingredients to conditions of high temperature, high pressure, low moisture, and shear. Aware of the growing demand of consumers concerned with their health, studies have shown that is possible to introduce ingredients that enhance the nutritional and/or functional value of extruded products and, in the case of breakfast cereals, whole-grain wheat flour and fruit products are examples with the potential of associating functionality to the product. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the substitution of corn flour (CF) by whole-grain wheat flour (WGWF), extrusion temperature and raw-material moisture content on the technological, sensory and nutritional properties of RTE breakfast cereals. The breakfast cereals were produced following a 23 central composite rotatable design (18 trials), being the independent variables: WGWF ratio, feed moisture and temperature of 2rd and 3th barrel zones. The extruded products were evaluated in terms of physical, chemical and nutritional aspects. The optimum point (OP) was selected, empirically, considering intermediate sectional expansion, maximum dietary fiber (legislation value), minimum compression force and maximum crispness, mainly after immersion in milk. In a second stage, four breakfast cereal formulations were processed at temperature and feed moisture corresponding to the OP (100°C and 16%, respectively) and with jabuticaba peel powder (JPP) inclusion, being: (1) 100% CF; (2) 20% CF + 80% WGWF (3) 10% CF + 10% JPP + 80% WGWF e (4) 90% CF + 10% JPP. The breakfast cereals were evaluated in terms of technological (expansion index, bulk density, dry texture, texture after soaking in milk, water solubility index and water absorption index), nutritional (total dietary fiber) and sensorial quality (sensorial acceptability and purchase intention). The phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of cereals and raw materials were also evaluated by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC assay), respectively. The combination of wholemeal wheat flour with corn flour was a good alternative for increasing the fibre content of extruded products. The textural properties of the extrudates, hardness and crispness, were mainly influenced by WGWF and feed moisture; with changing in properties after soaking in whole milk. In relation to color, the extrudates elaborated with high amount of WGWF at high temperature or high feed moisture content was darker. The starch nature as well the fiber presence governed the starch transformations and interactions (gelatinization, amylose-lipid formation and retrogradation). The low sugar breakfast cereals from WGWF and JPP showed acceptable physical and sensory characteristics. The anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside (cyd-gluc) and delphinidin 3-glucoside (dpd-gluc), and ferulic acid were the predominant phenolic compounds in raw materials (JPP and WGWF, respectively), and were also identified in extrudates, which showed in vitro antioxidant activity
Doutorado
Tecnologia de Alimentos
Doutora em Tecnologia de Alimentos

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Rojo, Poveda Olga. "Valorisation of Compounds with High Nutritional Value from Cocoa By-Products as Food Ingredients and Additives." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/322988.

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This doctoral thesis was conducted in the framework of a co-supervised PhD between the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Food Sciences of the University of Turin and the Unit of Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery of the Faculty of Pharmacy at the Université libre de Bruxelles. The present manuscript was conceived as a thesis of articles and is composed of 9 different scientific publications. The general introduction of the work was issued from a published narrative review, while the result and discussion part is composed by eight chapters based on different scientific articles issued from the PhD project. The cocoa bean shell (CBS) is the external tegument that covers the cocoa bean, and is one of the major by-products in cocoa industry. It is normally discarded or underutilized, which could result in economical and environmental issues. However, CBS represents a notable source of polyphenols and methylxanthines (theobromine and caffeine) which can give it different biofunctionalities such as antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, among others. It also contains high amounts of dietary fiber (about 50% w/w), minerals, vitamins, and proteins. CBS has low-fat content, and interesting cocoa-aroma compounds. All this could make CBS useful as a food ingredient, and source of biofunctional compounds. The first part of the experimental work of this thesis is devoted to the chemical characterization of CBS and the establishment of its polyphenolic and volatile organic compound (aroma) profiles. The utilization of such profiles, determined by both complete characterization methods and screening methods, was also proposed for authentication purposes of CBS depending on its geographical origin and variety. In a second step, the utilization of CBS as a low-cost food ingredient for functional food production was envisaged. CBS-based beverages and biscuits were proposed as model foods. The influence of the CBS addition to the model foods was evaluated from both technological and nutritional points of view. Changes on the physicochemical characteristics of the model foods were assessed as well as their content in compounds of interest and potential biofunctionalities. Moreover, these studies served also to evaluate the effect of the different food matrices on the bioaccessibility and intestinal permeability of the bioactive compounds contained in CBS. In the third and last part of this work, a different utility was given to the study of the cocoa by-product. The antimicrobial potential of CBS was assessed against different bacterial and fungal strains and a metabolomic strategy was applied in order to individualize the putative active compounds against the Streptococcus mutans proliferation. This work was a contribution for the valorization of a high add-value product such as the CBS, and a step towards a zero-waste cocoa industry within the frame of sustainable circular economy.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Pharmacie)
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Tabatabaei, Seyed Mehdi. "The relationship between dietary factors, meat consumption, heterocyclic amines, Benzo[a]pyrene, meat-derived mutagenic activity and colorectal cancer in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0059.

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The role of meat consumption in the development of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC), has been subject of much investigation in recent years. The observation of geographical variation in CRC incidence and increased CRC risks in populations consuming high levels of meat prompted researchers to hypothesise a link between meat and CRC. An area of particular interest in CRC pathogenesis is the meat-derived compounds such are heterocyclic amines (HCAs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and meatderived mutagenic activity. Australia is among the countries with high incidence of CRC and also high levels of per capita meat consumption. Hence, clarifying the possible link between meat consumption and the risk of CRC in order that this can be translated into preventive dietary recommendations for the public is important. The objective of this thesis was to examine whether meat consumption is related to risk of CRC in an Australian population. The term meat consumption in this thesis means meaures of consumption of red and white meat that incorporate frequency and cooking method. The following hypotheses were investigated: 1. Increasing intake of meat prepared by methods that involve higher cooking temperature and time is positively associated with the risk of CRC; 2. Increasing exposure to meat-derived heterocyclic amines (HCAs) is positively associated with the risk of CRC; 3. Higher levels of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from meat consumption is a risk factor for CRC; 4. Exposure to meat-derived mutagens increases the risk of CRC.

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Amer, Dena Ahmed Mohamed [Verfasser], Günter Akademischer Betreuer] Vollmer, Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Kretzschmar, Dirk [Akademischer Betreuer] Lindemann, Gerd [Akademischer Betreuer] [Kempermann, and Gabriele M. [Akademischer Betreuer] Rune. "Estrogen Receptor-Beta Dependent Activities of Dietary Compounds in a Genetically Modified Rat Raphe Nuclei-Derived Cell Line / Dena Ahmed Mohamed Amer. Gutachter: Günter Vollmer ; Gabriele M. Rune. Betreuer: Günter Vollmer ; Georg Kretzschmar ; Dirk Lindemann ; Gerd Kempermann." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1067189491/34.

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Miona, Belović. "Iskorišćenje sporednog produkta prerade paradajza kao sirovine za prehrambene proizvode sa dodatom vrednošću." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101639&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U okviru disertacije su razvijeni postupci za iskorišćenje sporednog produkta prerade paradajza (tropa) kao polazne sirovine za proizvodnju prehrambenih proizvoda sa dodatom vrednošću. Sprovedena istraživanja kretala su se u dva smera: proizvodnja lipofilnih i hidrofilnih ekstrakata od liofilizovanog tropa paradajza, primenom rastvarača koji su dozvoljeni za upotrebu u prehrambenoj industriji (n-heksana i 95% etanola) i njihova karakterizacija u pogledu sadržaja i sastava fitohemikalija i biološke aktivnosti in vitro; razvoj formulacija i tehnoloških postupaka za kreiranje gotovih proizvoda sa povećanim sadržajem prehrambenih vlakana i njihova karakterizacija u smislu nutritivnih, reoloških i senzorskih svojstava. Proizvedena su tri proizvoda sa povećanim sadržajem prehrambenih vlakana: kečap od svežeg tropa paradajza, kečap od liofilizovanog tropa paradajza u prahu i marmelada od liofilizovanog tropa paradajza u prahu.Proizvedeni lipofilni i hidrofilni ekstrakti pokazali su sposobnost redukcije jona gvožđa, kao i antiradikalsku aktivnost na DPPH, azot (II)-oksid i superoksid-anjon radikale. Karotenoidi detektovani u lipofilnim ekstraktima (likopen i β-karoten) povezani su sa višom antiradikalskom aktivnošću na superoksid-anjon radikal, dok su fenolna jedinjenja detektovana u hidrofilnim ekstraktima (hidroksicinamati, flavonoli i dihidrohalkoni) bila efikasnija u redukciji jona gvožđa. Etanolni ekstrakt tropa paradajza pokazao je inhibitornu aktivnost na angiotenzin-konvertujući enzim pri koncentraciji ekstrakta od 10 mg/ml.Kečap proizveden od svežeg tropa paradajza, kečap proizveden od liofilizata tropa paradajza i marmelada proizvedena od liofilizata tropa paradajza su bili okarakterisani povećanim sadržajem prehrambenih vlakana (preko 3 g na 100 g proizvoda), na osnovu kog mogu da se deklarišu kao izvor vlakana. Marmelada je proizvedena od liofilizovanog tropa paradajza bez dodatka hidrokoloida, sa 20% manjim sadržajem šećera u odnosu na komercijalne proizvode.Reološka svojstva kečapa proizvedenog od svežeg tropa paradajza su prevashodno zavisila od koncentracije nerastvorljivih čestica. Rezultati senzorske ocene sprovedene uz primenu panela treniranih ocenjivača, ukazuju da su miris na paradajz i aroma paradajza bili najvažniji za jasno razlikovanje kečapa proizvedenog od svežeg tropa paradajza od komercijalnih proizvoda.Kečap i marmelada proizvedeni od liofilizovanog tropa paradajza se, kao reološki sistemi, mogu opisati modifikovanom frakcionom Kelvin-Voigt-ovom jednačinom kao viskoelastična tela. Ispitivanje model sistema sastavljenih od različitih odnosa liofilizata tropa paradajza i vode tretiranih na temperaturi od 60°C i 100°C ukazalo je da su vrednosti modula elastičnosti (G’) zavisile od koncentracije liofilizata tropa i da su G’ vrednosti niže na 100°C u odnosu na 60°C. Test dopadljivosti kečapa i marmelade od liofilizovanog tropa paradajza, sproveden primenom hedonske skale od 1 do 7, ukazuje da su oba proizvoda prihvaćena od strane potrošača (prosečna ocena za ukupnu dopadljivost veća od 4).
This dissertation describes processes for utilization of tomato processing byproduct (tomato pomace) as raw material for value-added food products. Research was conducted in two directions: one is production of lipophilic and hydrophilic tomato pomace extracts using solvents that are allowed for use in the food industry (n-hexane and 95% ethanol) and their characterization in terms of content and composition of phytochemicals and their in vitro biological activity; the other one is development of formulations and technological processes for the creation of tomato pomace based products with increased content of dietary fiber and their characterization in terms of nutritional, rheological and sensory properties. Three products with increased dietary fiber content were produced: ketchup was produced from fresh tomato pomace, and ketchup and jam were produced from lyophilized tomato pomace powder.Produced lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts showed ferric ion reducing ability, as well as DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. Carotenoids detected in lipophilic extracts (lycopene and β-carotene) were correlated with higher superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, while phenolic compounds detected in hydrophilic extracts (hydroxycinnamates, flavonols and dihydrochalcones) were more effective in ferric ion reduction.Ketchup produced from fresh tomato pomace, ketchup produced from lyophilized tomato pomace, and jam produced from lyophilized tomato pomace were characterized by increased content of dietary fiber (more than 3 g per 100 g of product). Jam was produced from the lyophilized tomato pomace without addition of hydrocolloids, with 20% lower sugar content in comparison with commercial products. Rheological properties of ketchup produced from fresh tomato pomace primarily depended on the insoluble particles content. The results of sensory analysis indicate that tomato odor and flavor were the most important for clear separation of ketchup produced from fresh tomato pomace from commercial products.Ketchup and jam produced from lyophilized tomato pomace could be described, as rheological systems, by the application of modified fractional Kelvin-Voigt model as viscoelastic solids. The examination of model systems comprised of different lyophilized tomato pomace:water ratios heat treated at 60°C and 100°C indicated that storage modulus (G’) values depended on the concentration of lyophilized tomato pomace and that G’ values were lower at 100°C than at 60°C. Preference test for ketchup and jam, conducted by application of 7-point hedonic scale, indicated that both products were accepted by the consumers (average score for overall acceptability higher than 4).

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Pöppler, Ann-Christin [Verfasser], Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Stalke, and Philipp [Akademischer Betreuer] Vana. "Advanced NMR Methodology for the Investigation of Organometallic Compounds in Solution / Ann-Christin Pöppler. Gutachter: Dietmar Stalke ; Philipp Vana. Betreuer: Dietmar Stalke." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044870362/34.

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Perdigoto, Madalena Serradas. "Regimes alimentares no cavalo de desporto : a utilização de alimentos compostos complementares na suplementação das dietas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Instituto Superior de Agronomia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11650.

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Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica / Produção Animal
Uma alimentação equilibrada e completa de acordo com as necessidades é fundamental para a manutenção da saúde, bem-estar e para a obtenção de bons desempenhos nos cavalos de desporto. O presente estudo teve como objetivo recolher informação sobre a utilização de alimentos compostos complementares (ACC) na suplementação das dietas de cavalos em treino ou em níveis de competição avançados, nas disciplinas de saltos de obstáculos, dressage e resistência equestre. Para o efeito foi realizado um inquérito sobre os regimes alimentares de 158 cavalos, tendo sido avaliados 357 ACC. De um modo geral, as dietas avaliadas apresentaram-se excedentárias relativamente a determinados constituintes não sendo, no entanto, ultrapassados os limites de segurança estabelecidos. Dos ACC avaliados, apenas 10% são alimentos dietéticos, sendo “a compensação de perda de eletrólitos” o objetivo nutricional específico mais utilizado. As quantidades fornecidas de cobre, zinco, selénio, vitamina A e vitamina D na disciplina de saltos de obstáculos foram superiores comparativamente às outras duas disciplinas. Quanto à vitamina E, verificou-se um fornecimento superior ao dobro da quantidade recomendada, não havendo diferenças entre as três disciplinas. Para além de uma maior investigação sobre os efeitos de algumas substâncias, torna-se necessária uma maior formação dos utilizadores e técnicos que permita fundamentar a inclusão dessas substâncias nas dietas.
ABSTRACT - Diets in the sport horse: supplementation practices with complementary compound feeds - A balanced diet that copes the nutritional requirements is fundamental for the maintenance of the health, well-being and performance of the sport horse. This study aims at collecting detailed information regarding the use of complementary compound feeds (CCF) on diet supplementation of training or competing horses at an advanced level, within jumping, dressage or endurance disciplines. For this purpose, a survey regarding the feeding practices of 158 horses was carried out and the composition of 357 CCF was evaluated. The evaluated diets were generally in surplus of certain nutrients. However, the proposed upper safe limits were never reached. Only 10% of the evaluated CCF were dietetic feeds and the main particular nutritional purpose used was “compensation of electrolyte loss”. The supply of copper, zinc, selenium, vitamin A and vitamin D was higher in show-jumping, when compared to both dressage and endurance. Vitamin E supply exceeded the double recommended allowances for exercising horses in all disciplines. In addition to further research on the effects of some substances, a better formation of riders and technicians is fundamental in order to support the inclusion of those substances in sport horses diets.

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Hendriks, Christine M. M. [Verfasser], Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Bolm, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Enders. "Syntheses, modifications and biological applications of sulfoximines and aromatic pentafluorosulfanyl compounds / Christine M. M. Hendriks ; Carsten Bolm, Dieter Enders." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130402940/34.

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Vacas, João António Brejo. "Resposta produtiva de novilhos de diferentes genótipos e idade ao desmame quando alimentados por subprodutos da indústria cervejeira e dietas tradicionais." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8274.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The strand study aimed to analyze the performances of cattle from several genotypes, in a regime of intensive feeding, based on byproducts from the brewing industry (test A), as well as on a very concise economic analysis. The experience was based on 35 bovines from four different breeds (Frísia, Alentejana, Mertolenga and Cruzada). The animals were fed ad libitum during two to three months (depending on the type of weaning, early or traditional). We have also included in the present work some data about two other intensive feeding tests based on traditional diets, that is, using compound feed (generally known as animal feed) (test B, animal feed B-330; test C, animal feed Reagro), in order to compare the performance of the zootechnical parameters (average daily gain, GMD; conversion rate of dry matter, ICAMS; daily consumption of the feed focused on the present study, CDIP; daily consumption of hay/straw, CFDIP; weight gain rate, RGPIP) with those obtained in our test on the byproducts. It was found that there are differences not only among the fattenings, but also within the fattenings themselves. In the study of the feeding based on byproducts, the results were quite interesting in what the cattle of Alentejana and Frísia breeds are concerned, both showing an average daily gain (GMD) of 1,270 and 1,237 kg/day, respectively. The economic analysis, however, revealed a reduced efficiency in economic terms

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Nohr, Michael [Verfasser], Wilhelm Georg [Akademischer Betreuer] Lorenz, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Greif. "Development of a material with reproducible emission of selected volatile organic compounds / Michael Nohr. Betreuer: Wilhelm Georg Lorenz ; Dieter Greif." Halle, Saale : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1066238472/34.

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Regos, Ionela [Verfasser], Dieter Richard [Akademischer Betreuer] Treutter, Karl [Akademischer Betreuer] Stich, and Wilfried [Akademischer Betreuer] Schwab. "Chemical characterisation of low molecular weight phenolic compounds from the forage legume sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) / Ionela Regos. Gutachter: Dieter Richard Treutter ; Karl Stich ; Wilfried Schwab. Betreuer: Dieter Richard Treutter." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058434411/34.

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Kammerer, Dietmar R. [Verfasser]. "Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Grape Pomace and Black Carrots by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionization Multistage Mass Spectrometry / Dietmar R Kammerer." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1181621895/34.

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Schulte, Thorben Rüdiger [Verfasser], Guido H. [Akademischer Betreuer] Clever, Guido H. [Gutachter] Clever, and Dietmar [Gutachter] Stalke. "Metal- and Ligand-Centered Chirality in Square-Planar Coordination Compounds / Thorben Rüdiger Schulte ; Gutachter: Guido H. Clever, Dietmar Stalke ; Betreuer: Guido H. Clever." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196873887/34.

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Kammerer, Dietmar Rolf [Verfasser]. "Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Grape Pomace and Black Carrots by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography - Electrospray Ionization Multistage Mass Spectrometry / Dietmar R Kammerer." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-2019032408201600543718.

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Hirashima, Fabiana Kawassaki. "Efeito da radiação gama nas propriedades nutricionais e bioativas de alimentos minimamente processados destinados a dietas especiais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-25042018-151920/.

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A nutrição possui papel de fundamental importância na promoção da saúde. Os alimentos in natura podem ser encontrados na forma de frutas e vegetais minimamente processados (fresh-cut) embalados. Uma alternativa para a administração de alguns alimentos in natura aos indivíduos imunocomprometidos e neutropênicos, ou até mesmo para a população em geral, é a aplicação de radiação gama, em doses sub-esterilizantes, com o intuito de oferecer alimentos de qualidade e seguros do ponto de vista microbiológico. A descrição na literatura sobre tentativas de oferecer alimentos seguros e saudáveis aos indivíduos portadores de patologias do sistema imune é escassa. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses de radiação gama na composição química, no teor de compostos bioativos e atividade antioxidante de abacaxi, salada de frutas, mini cenouras e salada de folhas minimamente processados destinados a dietas especiais. As amostras foram submetidas à radiação gama, com doses de 0.5, 1, 2 e 3 kGy e analisadas juntamente com as amostras controle (não irradiadas). Foram analisados a composição centesimal, compostos fenólicos, flavonóides, proantocianidinas, atividade antioxidante por ORAC e DPPH•, vitamina C e carotenóides. Não foram observadas alterações significativas nos compostos avaliados antes e após a irradiação, com exceção dos carotenóides que demonstraram um aumento significativo dos teores após a aplicação de radiação gama. Assim, pode-se concluir que a irradiação, aplicada em baixas doses e em alimentos minimamente processados, promove a manutenção do valor nutricional do alimento, trazendo benefícios aos indivíduos que necessitam de alimentos seguros e de suficiente aporte nutricional que garanta a promoção e recuperação da saúde, tais como os imunocomprometidos.
Nutrition plays a fundamental role in promoting health. The fresh food can be found in form of minimally processed fruits and vegetables (fresh-cut). An alternative of fresh food administration to immunocompromised and neutropenic individuals, or even to the general population, is the application of gamma radiation in sub-sterilizing doses, in order to provide quality and safe food in microbiological point of view. The description in the literature on attempts to provide safe and healthy food to individuals with immune system disorders is scarce. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of gamma radiation in the chemical composition, the bioactive compounds content and antioxidant activity of minimally processed pineapple, fruit salad, mini carrots and leaves salad for special diets. Samples were subjected to gamma radiation doses of 0.5, 1, 2 to 3 kGy and analyzed at the same time with control samples (not irradiated). There were analyzed the chemical composition, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, antioxidant activity by ORAC and DPPH•, vitamin C and carotenoids. No significant changes were observed in compounds contents before and after irradiation, except carotenoids that have demonstrated a significant increase in levels after application of gamma radiation. Thus, it can be concluded that irradiation applied in low doses and in minimally processed foods promotes the maintenance of food nutritional value, bringing benefits to the individuals who need safe food and adequate nutritional supply to ensure the promotion and recovery health, such as immunocompromised.

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Dannenberg, Carl A. Verfasser], Carsten [Akademischer Betreuer] [Bolm, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Enders. "Method development for the synthesis of organosulfur compounds and their functionalization by C–H activation and reductive borylation / Carl A. Dannenberg ; Carsten Bolm, Dieter Enders." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1156924286/34.

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Oliveira, Claudimar de Jesus. "Avaliação comparativa, \"in vitro\" e \"in vivo\", das propriedades antioxidantes da dieta do estado de São Paulo com a Dieta Mediterrânea." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-22092017-110415/.

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O bom funcionamento do organismo está intimamente relacionado com o consumo alimentar, pois através dos alimentos obtemos os nutrientes essenciais para processos biológicos vitais. Várias pesquisas vêm sendo realizadas com a finalidade de se determinar a atividade antioxidante de compostos em alimentos e de forma geral, condutas e hábitos alimentares. Alguns padrões dietéticos são seguidos como modelo, sendo o caso da Dieta Mediterrânea. No presente estudo, avaliou-se a atividade antioxidante de rações alimentares (comumente denominadas dietas) consumidas em duas localidades: 1) estado de São Paulo e 2) Grécia. As rações foram elaboradas com alimentos coccionados e alimentos in natura, inerentes a cada população, obtidos através de relatórios de órgãos oficiais - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e Eurapean Commission (Health Monitoring Programme - Data Food Networking - DAFNE). Após processamento, esses alimentos foram liofilizados e então, triturados. Para determinação da atividade antioxidante in vitro, alíquotas das rações foram desengorduradas, devido à natureza dos ensaios antioxidantes in vitro. Para determinação da atividade antioxidante in vitro foram realizados dois ensaios: cooxidação β-caroteno/ácido linoléico e 2,2-difenil-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Além da atividade antioxidante in vitro, foram executados ensaios nas dietas para a determinação da composição centesimal, perfil de ácidos graxos e determinação dos compostos fenólicos totais. Após esse delineamento, realizou-se o ensaio biológico, onde foram utilizados 30 ratos machos, da linhagem Wistar, recém desmamados e submetidos a 30 dias de tratamento, sob condições ambientais controladas, após os quais, os animais foram sacrificados para a retirada de cérebro, fígado e plasma. Ensaios foram realizados nesses tecidos com a finalidade de se avaliar a eficácia da conduta dietoterápica: atividade de enzimas antioxidantes em tecidos alvo (fígado e cérebro), peroxidação de tecidos (fígado, cérebro e plasma) e perfil de ácidos graxos (fígado, cérebro e plasma). Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as duas dietas estudadas mantiveram a integridade orgânica. Um fato relevante é que a dieta do Estado de São Paulo foi composta por alimentos acessíveis e de hábito regular na população nacional estudada, sendo essa equiparada qualitativamente com a Dieta Mediterrânea, uma referência mundial. A Dieta Nacional do Estado de São Paulo (DNSP) possui atividade antioxidante similar à Dieta Mediterrânea (DM), utilizada como modelo de referência.
The good operation of the organism is intimately related with the alimentary consumption , since through the victuals we obtain essential nutrients for vital biological processes. Several researches have been accomplished with the purpose of being determined the antioxidant activity of composed in victuals and of general form, conducts and alimentary habits. Some dietary patterns are followed as model, being the case of the Mediterranean Diet. In the present study, the antioxidant activity of alimentary diets was evaluated (commonly denominated diets) consumed at two places: 1) state of São Paulo and 2) Greece. The diets were elaborated with victuals cooked and victuals in natura, inherent to each population, obtained through reports of official organs - Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and European Commission (Health Monitoring Programme - it Dates Food Networking -DAFNE). After processing, those victuals were Iyophilized and then, triturated. For determination of the activity antioxidant in vitro, aliquots of the rations were degreased, due to the nature of the tests antioxidant in vitro. For determination of the activity antioxidant in vitro two rehearsals were accomplished: co-oxidation of linoléico acid and β-carotene and 2,2-difenil-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Besides activity antioxidant in vitro, were made executed in the diets for the determination of the centesimal composition, profile of fat acids and determination of compositions total phenolics compounds. After that out line, took place the biological rehearsal, where 30 male mice were used, of the lineage Wistar, recently weaned and submitted to 30 days of treatment, under controlled environmental conditions, after the ones which, the animals were sacrificed for the brain retreat, liver and it shapes. Rehearsals were accomplished in those tissues with the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of the diets: activity of antioxidant enzymes in woven objective (Iiver and brain), peroxidation of tissues (Iiver, brain and it shapes) and profile of fat acids (Iiver, brain and it shapes). The obtained results indicated that the two studied diets maintained the organic integrity. An important fact is that the diet of the State of São Paulo was composed by accessible victuals and of regular habit in the studied national population, being that comparison qualitative with the Mediterranean Diet, a world reference. The National Diet of the State of São Paulo (DNSP) it possesses similar antioxidant activity to a reference model, Mediterranean Diet (DM).

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Sen, Sakya Singha [Verfasser], Herbert W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Roesky, and Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Stalke. "Preparation and Reactions of Compounds with Heavier Group 14 Elements in Low Oxidation States / Sakya Singha Sen. Gutachter: Herbert W. Roesky ; Dietmar Stalke. Betreuer: Herbert W. Roesky." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/104376741X/34.

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Marasca, Samuel. "CRESCIMENTO, HEMATOLOGIA, METABOLISMO E PARÂMETROS OXIDATIVOS DE JUNDIÁS ALIMENTADOS COM DIETAS CONTENDO FOLHA DE Lippia alba." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10924.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The use of plants as antioxidants is becoming a very important alternative in the food industry and animal production. The Lippia alba is a native plant to Brazil that posses phenolic compounds and essential oils in composition. In this study, the aim was evaluating the inclusion of the leaf from L. alba in the diet from silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) regarding growth, hematology, metabolism and oxidative parameters. For this, we conducted an experiment lasting 60 days in a re-use water system (20 tanks/250L) with biological filtration. Daily analyzes were performed for the control of chemical and physical parameters of the rearing water. Was used 500 silver catfish (initial weight= 6.22±0.77 g) which were distributed in the experimental units in a completely randomized experimental design (5 treatments and 4 repetitions). L. alba used was grown in UFSM, campus Frederico Westphalen - RS, Brazil. The treatments were: control (no addition leaf); 0.5; 1; 1.5 and 2% inclusion from L. alba leaf powder. All diets had the same composition matrix, containing: 37.49% PB and 10.04% lipídios. The fish were fed to apparent satiety, in three daily meals. At the end of the experiment, they were measured performance parameters and carried out the collection of biological material for evaluation of haematological, metabolic and oxidative parameters. Decrease was observed in growth and smaller in hematological parameters of fish proportional to the inclusion of the leaf in the diets. In higher levels of inclusion of L. alba, occurs undesirable change in metabolis, as increased from alanine aminotransferase in the plasma, indicating liver damage. The presence of L. alba in the diets result in a decreased lipid peroxidation of the muscle and increased of non protein thiols in the gills and muscle. This indicates that the plant has antioxidant potential to silver catfish. Therefore, at the levels tested, the addition of L. alba leaf powder in diets for silver catfish juveniles is not recommended.
O uso de plantas como antioxidantes está se tornando uma alternativa importante na indústria de alimentos e de produção animal. A Lippia alba é uma planta nativa do Brasil que possuí compostos fenólicos e óleos essenciais com elevada atividade antioxidante em sua composição. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar a inclusão da folha de L. alba na dieta de jundiás (Rhamdia quelen) no crescimento, hematologia, metabolismo e parâmetros oxidativos. Para isso, foi realizado um experimento com duração de 60 dias em um sistema de recirculação de água (20 tanques/250L) com filtragem biológica. Diariamente foram realizadas análises para controle dos parâmetros químicos e físicos da água de criação. Utilizou-se 500 jundiás (peso inicial= 6,22±0,77 g) que foram distribuídos nas unidades experimentais em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualisado (5 tratamentos e 4 repetições). A L. alba utilizada foi cultivada na UFSM, campus Frederico Westphalen - RS, Brasil. Os tratamentos testados foram: controle (sem inclusão de folha); 0,5; 1; 1,5 e 2% de inclusão do pó da folha de L. alba. Todas as dietas testadas tinham a mesma matriz de composição, contendo 37,49% PB e 10,04% de lipídios. Os peixes foram alimentados até a saciedade aparente, em três refeições diárias. Ao final do experimento, foram aferidos parâmetros zootécnicos e realizada a coleta de material biológico para avaliação dos parâmetros hematológicos, metabolicos e oxidativos. Foi observada diminuição no crescimento e piora nos parâmetros hematológicos dos peixes proporcional à inclusão da folha nas dietas. Nos maiores níveis de inclusão da L. alba, ocorreram alterações metabólicas não desejáveis, como aumento de alanina aminotransferase no plasma, indicando dano hepático. A presença de L. alba nas dietas resultou em diminuição da peroxidação lipídica do músculo e aumento dos tióis não proteicos nas brânquias e no músculo. Isto indica que a planta apresenta potencial antioxidante em jundiás. Portanto, nos níveis testados, a adição do pó da folha de L. alba nas dietas para juvenis de jundiá não é recomendada.

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Zhang, Zhensheng [Verfasser], Herbert W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Roesky, Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Stalke, Lutz [Akademischer Betreuer] Tietze, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Wörner. "Oxygen Bridged Metal Systems: Heterometallic Compounds Containing Main Group Metal, Transtion Metal and f-Elements / Zhensheng Zhang. Gutachter: Dietmar Stalke ; Lutz Tietze ; Gerhard Wörner. Betreuer: Herbert W. Roesky." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1043992782/34.

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Zhang, Zhensheng Verfasser], Herbert W. [Akademischer Betreuer] Roesky, Dietmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Stalke, Lutz F. [Akademischer Betreuer] [Tietze, and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Wörner. "Oxygen Bridged Metal Systems: Heterometallic Compounds Containing Main Group Metal, Transtion Metal and f-Elements / Zhensheng Zhang. Gutachter: Dietmar Stalke ; Lutz Tietze ; Gerhard Wörner. Betreuer: Herbert W. Roesky." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:7-webdoc-3208-5.

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Hristeva, Stanimira [Verfasser], Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Enders, and Markus [Akademischer Betreuer] Albrecht. "Development of new asymmetric organocatalytic domino reactions for the synthesis of (benzo-fused) five- and benzo-fused six-membered cyclic compounds / Stanimira Hristeva ; Dieter Enders, Markus Albrecht." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1130326829/34.

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Hidalgi, Bucheli William Fernando [Verfasser], Arndt [Akademischer Betreuer] Hans-Dieter, and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Schneider. "Biosynthesis for phenylphenalenone-type compounds in Haemodoraceae plants and their phytopathological role in the interaction Musa : Mycosphaerella fijiensis / William Fernando Hidalgi Bucheli. Gutachter: Arndt Hans-Dieter ; Bernd Schneider." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080521828/34.

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Santana, Fernanda Carvalho de. "Avaliação dos compostos bioativos presentes na semente de Passiflora spp. e sua influência sobre marcadores bioquímicos, oxidativos e inflamatórios de camundongos submetidos à dieta hiperlipídica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-27082015-091930/.

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O consumo de dieta hiperlipídica e consequente acúmulo de lipídios nos adipócitos é uma condição associada ao estresse oxidativo e à perpetuação de um quadro inflamatório de leve intensidade que leva ao desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Uma vez que alguns componentes da dieta são reconhecidos como fortalecedores do sistema antioxidante exógeno dos organismos vivos, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito metabólico do extrato de sementes do gênero Passiflora sobre parâmetros bioquímicos, oxidativos e inflamatórios de camundongos submetidos a uma dieta hiperlipídica. Para tanto, inicialmente realizou-se um estudo de composição química (centesimal, teores de minerais e ácidos graxos) e de otimização da extração de sementes de P. edulis Flavicarpa para obtenção de maiores teores de compostos polifenólicos com expressiva capacidade antioxidante in vitro, segundo os parâmetros de processo tempo, temperatura e concentração de etanol. Determinada a condição ideal de extração, esta foi empregada para as demais espécies em estudo P. alata BRS Mel do Cerrado e BRS Doce Mel, P. tenuifila BRS Vita e P. edulis BRS Sol do Cerrado e BRS Gigante Amarelo e P. setacea BRS Pérola do Cerrado e foi realizada o estudo de composição química. Os extratos etanólicos obtidos possuíram interessante atividade antioxidante, com destaque para a espécie P. setacea. O composto piceatanol foi o polifenol majoritário (0,41-10,28 g/ 100 g de semente em base seca) nas sementes de Passifloras analisadas, com exceção para a amostra P. setácea BRS Vita, cujo composto de íon molecular m/z 747,2 não foi identificado. As sementes ainda apresentaram alto teor de óleo, com o ácido linoleico em sua composição, e proteína. Os extratos das sementes de P. setacea BRS Pérola do Cerrado e Passiflora edulis Flavicarpa, nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 mg/Kg de ração foram utilizados para a realização do ensaio biológico. O consumo dos extratos, dependendo da dose, apresentou efeitos biológicos importantes, tais como a diminuição das concentrações séricas de colesterol, glicose, insulina e leptina a níveis aproximados ao determinado para os animais em consumo de dieta normolipídica. Adicionalmente, verificou-se a atenuação do estresse oxidativo hepático, por elevação da atividade enzimática das enzimas catalase e glutationa peroxidase e diminuição da lipoperoxidação, e do processo inflamatório, por redução da concentração tecidual das citocinas IL-6 e MCP-1. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo contribuem para o conhecimento a respeito das passifloras brasileiras e na potencial utilização das sementes, consideradas subprodutos, na contribuição da manutenção da saúde.
The consumption of a high fat diet and consequent excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes is a condition associated with oxidative stress and perpetuation of a mild inflammatory condition that leads to the development of chronic diseases. Since some dietary components are recognized as empowering exogenous antioxidant system defenses of living organisms, the aim of this study is to investigate the metabolic effects of passion fruit seeds that possess a high content of bioactive compounds and high antioxidant capacity in vitro on oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions in mice subjected to a high fat diet. For this purpose, initially were performed a chemical composition study (proximate, minerals and fatty acids content) and extraction optimization of P. edulis Flavicarpa seed for obtaining higher levels of polyphenolic compounds with expressive antioxidant capacity in vitro through process parameters such as time temperature and ethanol concentration. Once the optimum condition of extraction was determined, it was applied to others studied species P. alata BRS Mel do Cerrado e BRS Doce Mel, P. tenuifila BRS Vita e P. edulis BRS Sol do Cerrado e BRS Gigante Amarelo e P. setacea BRS Pérola do Cerrado and the chemical composition study was carried out. The obtained ethanolic extracts had high antioxidant activity, particularly the species P. setacea. The piceatannol compound was the major polyphenol (0.41 to 10.28 g / 100 g seed in dry basis) in the analyzed Passiflora, except for the sample P. setacea BRS Vita, which molecular íon m/z 747.2 was not identified. The seeds also showed high content of oil, with linoleic acid in its composition, and protein. P. setacea BRS Pérola do Cerrado and Passiflora edulis Flavicarpa seed extracts at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg / kg of feed were used to carry out the biological assay. The consumption of the extracts, depending on the concentration, exhibited significant biological effects, such as the reduction of serum cholesterol, glucose, insulin and leptin levels to those one observed in animals with normolipidic diet consumption. Additionally, hepatic oxidative stress was attenuated by elevating enzymatic activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and decrease in the lipid peroxidation and inflammation by reducing the tissue concentrations of IL-6 and MCP-1 cytokines. The results obtained in this study contributes to the knowledge of the Brazilian passiflora and potential use of the seeds, considered a by-products, in health maintenance.

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Cunha, Maria Gabriela da. "Avaliação do efeito de extratos de compostos fenólicos da jabuticaba Sabará (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) administrados a camundongos C57BL/6 alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica com alto teor de sacarose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9131/tde-26092016-124429/.

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Crescem a cada dia os índices globais de obesidade associada à síndrome metabólica (SM) e à inflamação. Sob este aspecto, os compostos fenólicos (CFs) exercem papel importante, especialmente no que diz respeito às suas propriedades anti-inflamatória e antiobesogênica. A jabuticaba Sabará (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) é uma fruta nativa bem aceita pelos brasileiros e rica em CFs. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da administração diária de extratos ricos em CFs desta fruta a camundongos C57BL/6, alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica com alto teor de sacarose (HFHS) por 8 semanas. Os extratos ricos em CFs foram obtidos por extração do fruto inteiro em solução metanol/água (80:20, v/v), seguida de rotaevaporação e extração em fase sólida (EFS). Os animais foram distribuídos em 5 grupos: o grupo Padrão recebeu dieta padrão de laboratório e veículo (água) por gavagem, o grupo HFHS recebeu dieta HFHS e veículo, o grupo EB recebeu 200 mg b. s. (base seca)/kg de peso corporal (PC) de extrato bruto (EB), o grupo C18 recebeu 50 mg EAG (equivalentes de ácido gálico)/kg de PC do extrato obtido em sorvente octadecil silano (C18) (que permite a obtenção de todos os CFs da fruta) e o grupo PA recebeu 50 mg EAG/kg de PC do extrato obtido em sorvente poliamida (PA) (que permite a obtenção de todos os CFs da fruta, exceto os elagitaninos). O grupo C18 apresentou menores ganho de peso, adiposidade e eficiência energética, comparado ao grupo HFHS. Já o grupo EB teve menor expressão gênica do fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) no tecido adiposo branco epididimal, e menor concentração deste mesmo marcador no fígado. Estes resultados sugerem que os elagitaninos têm um papel importante na redução do risco do desenvolvimento de obesidade em camundongos que receberam dieta indutora de obesidade e SM, enquanto o EB da fruta parece contribuir para a redução da inflamação destes animais, porém os mecanismos para tal ainda não estão esclarecidos.
The incidence of obesity is increasing associated with other disorders as metabolic syndrome (MS) and low-grade inflammation. Phenolic compounds (PC) have some well-known properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antiobesity capacities. Jaboticaba Sabará (Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) Berg) is a brazilian fruit well accepted in this country and it has a high PCs amount. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phenolic-rich jaboticaba extracts in C57Bl/6J mice fed a high fat/high sucrose (HF/HS) diet during 8 weeks. The phenolic-rich jaboticaba extracts were prepared from fruit extraction in methanol/water solution (80:20, v/v), followed by rotary evaporation and solid phase extraction (SPE). The mice were distributed in 5 groups: the Chow group was fed a chow diet and gavaged daily with vehicle (water), the HFHS group was fed a HF/HS diet vehicle as well, the CE group received 200 mg of jaboticaba crude extract (CE)/kg body weight (BW), the C18 group received 50 mg AGE (acid galic equivalent)/kg BW of phenolic-rich jaboticaba extract obtained by octadecyl silane (C18) sorbent (which permits to extract every PCs from the fruit) and the PA group were gavaged with 50 mg AGE/kg BW of this fruit extract obtained by polyamide (PA) sorbent (which allows to extract every PCs from jaboticaba, excepting ellagitannins). The C18 group had the lowest BW gain, adiposity and energy efficiency, compared to the HFHS group. The CE group presented low tumor necrose factor-α (TNF-α) gene expression on epididymal white adipose tissue and it had also a low hepatic concentration of this inflammatory marker, compared to HFHS group. These results suggest ellagitannins has an important role on reducing risk of obesity in HF/HS-fed mice, while jaboticaba CE seems to contribute on reduction of inflammation in these animals, but the mechanisms are still not understood.

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Scattolin, Thomas Verfasser], Franziska [Akademischer Betreuer] [Schönebeck, and Dieter [Akademischer Betreuer] Enders. "Exploration of dinuclear Pd(I) catalysis & synthetic developments with $(Me_4}N)SCF_3}$ as a bench stable and versatile reagent to access high value compounds / Thomas Scattolin ; Franziska Schoenebeck, Dieter Enders." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1211345874/34.

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Saccol, Etiane Medianeira Hundertmarck. "ADIÇÃO DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DE Lippia alba (MILL) N. E. BROWN NA DIETA DO JUNDIÁ: ANÁLISE DO CRESCIMENTO E DA RESPOSTA ANTIOXIDANTE." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9015.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Fish become more susceptible to stress and, consequently, to the onset of disease with the intensification of rearing. In an attempt to minimize this problem, farmers use agrochemicals that, besides harming the environment, can also affect producers and consumers health. The essential oil (EO) of Lippia alba may be a natural alternative since it has several effects that can reduce the physiological changes resulting from stress inherent in aquaculture. The influence of five diets containing L. alba EO (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mL of EO per kg of diet) on growth and antioxidant response in juvenile silver catfish was evaluated. After a feeding period of 60 days, the silver catfish were weighed and measured individually, and euthanized for sampling of brain, gill, liver, kidney and muscle. The oxidative stress biomarkers, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and non-protein thiols groups (NPSH), were determined. Growth parameters were not affected by the diet containing L. alba EO. As for biomarkers of oxidative stress, lipoperoxidation (LPO) evaluated through TBARS and LOOH was reduced by the EO in the gills, liver, kidney and muscle of silver catfish; no effect was observed in the brain. The diet with the EO improved the activity of antioxidant enzymes: SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and NPSH levels in the brain; SOD, GR and GST in the gills; CAT, GR and NPSH levels in the liver; CAT, GR and NPSH levels in the kidney; and SOD, GPx and NPSH levels in the muscle. These results indicate that L. alba EO does not interfere with growth, decreases LPO levels and increases antioxidant enzymes activities in most tissues evaluated, and thus may be added to silver catfish diet to increase the antioxidant response.
Com a intensificação do cultivo, os peixes se tornam mais susceptíveis ao estresse e, por consequência, ao aparecimento de doenças. Para tentar minimizar este problema, os produtores utilizam agroquímicos que, além de prejudicarem o meio ambiente, podem também prejudicar a saúde dos produtores e consumidores. O óleo essencial (EO, do inglês essential oil) da Lippia alba pode ser uma alternativa natural, pois apresenta diversos efeitos que podem reduzir as alterações fisiológicas decorrentes do estresse inerente à aquicultura. Neste estudo foi avaliada a influência de cinco dietas contendo o EO de L. alba (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 e 2.0 mL de EO por kg de dieta) sobre o crescimento e a resposta antioxidante em juvenis de jundiás. Após um período de 60 dias de alimentação, os jundiás foram pesados e medidos individualmente e eutanasiados para amostragem do encéfalo, brânquias, fígado, rim e músculo. Os biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo, substâncias que reagem ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), hidroperóxidos lipídicos (LOOH), superóxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa redutase (GR), glutationa-S-transferase (GST) e o conteúdo dos grupos tióis não proteicos (NPSH) foram determinados. A dieta contendo o EO de L. alba não influenciou o crescimento. Quanto aos biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo, o EO diminuiu a lipoperoxidação (LPO) avaliada através do TBARS e dos LOOH nas brânquias, fígado, rim e músculo do jundiá, não mostrando nenhum efeito sobre a LPO no encéfalo. A dieta com o EO aumentou a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST e o conteúdo de NPSH no encéfalo; SOD, GR e GST nas brânquias; CAT, GR e o conteúdo de NPSH no fígado; CAT, GR e o conteúdo de NPSH no rim e SOD, GPx e o conteúdo de NPSH no músculo, em comparação ao grupo controle. Estes resultados indicam que o EO de L. alba não interfere no crescimento, diminui a LPO e aumenta a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes na maioria dos tecidos avaliados, podendo ser adicionado à dieta de jundiás para aumentar a resposta antioxidante.

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Torres, Rayanne de Araújo. "Efeito preventivo do extrato hidroalcoólico da pela do fruto de Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels sobre alterações induzidas pelo consumo de dieta hipercalórica em ratos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8835.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The fruit of S. cumini is considered source of phenolic compounds with beneficial effects important for health, especially for its antioxidant potential. This work aimed to investigate the effects of the fruit skin hydro-alcoholic extract of S. cumini (EHAPS) compared to the changes related to the consumption of high calorie diet in rats. The total phenolic content and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated for standardization of the extract. The animals were treated orally, with EHAPS, for 6 weeks, in two doses (100 and 300 mg / kg) and the control of normocaloric diets (NCT) and hypercaloric (HCT) received saline. Was monitored weight, food and water consumption and blood pressure during the treatment At the end, murinométricas measures were taken, collected up the plasma and some organs for analysis. The EHAPS showed high antioxidant capacity, with a total phenolic content of 5440.86 mg GAE / 100g and EC50 value of 59 mg / mL. At the end of the six weeks of treatment HCT group had the highest percentage of weight gain relative to the NCT, 26 ± 3.9 and 15.3 ± 1.7 respectively. The hypercaloric diet also increased calorie intake, waist circumference, the adiposity index and blood glucose levels. In addition to damage the vascular response to drugs such as phenylephrine, acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and raise levels of oxidative stress. The treatment decreased the percentage weight gain of the group HCT of 19.7 ± 2.6 to 13.3 ± 1.1 and 12.5 ± 1.5 in groups H100 and H300, respectively, from the 4th week of treatment. The treatment with EHAPS showed improvements in vascular response and reduction of oxidative stress in the treated animals. There has been no significant change in blood pressure levels between the groups and no significant reduction in visceral adiposity index and blood glucose in animals after treatment. The results suggest that phenolic compounds present in the fruit skin S. cumini reduce the deleterious effects of a hypercaloric diet, preventing weight gain and improving the total antioxidant capacity and the vascular response in animal models.
O fruto da S. cumini é considerado fonte de compostos fenólicos apresentando efeitos benéficos importantes para a saúde, com destaque para seu potencial antioxidante. Dessa forma, objetivou-se investigar os efeitos de um extrato hidroalcoólico da pele do fruto de S. cumini (EHAPS) mediante às alterações relacionadas ao consumo de dieta hipercalórica em ratos. O teor de fenólicos totais e capacidade antioxidante total foram avaliados para padronização do extrato. Os animais foram tratados por via oral, com o EHAPS, durante 6 semanas, em duas doses (100 e 300 mg/Kg) e o controle das dietas normocalórica (NCT) e hipercalórica (HCT) receberam solução salina. Foi monitorado o peso, o consumo alimentar e hídrico e a pressão arterial ao longo do tratamento. Ao final foram tomadas medidas murinométricas, coletou-se o plasma e alguns órgão para análises. O EHAPS apresentou elevada capacidade antioxidante, com um teor de fenólicos totais de 5.440,86 mg EAG/ 100g de amostra e valor de CE50 de 59 μg/mL. Ao final das seis semanas de tratamento o grupo HCT apresentou um ganho percentual de peso mais elevado em relação ao NCT, 26 ± 3,9 e 15,3 ± 1,7, respectivamente. A dieta hipercalórica também aumentou o consumo de calorias, a circunferência abdominal, o índice de adiposidade e os níveis glicêmicos, além de prejudicar a resposta vascular às drogas como fenilefrina, acetilcolina, nitroprussiato de sódio, e elevar os níveis de estresse oxidativo. O tratamento foi capaz de diminuir o ganho de peso percentual do grupo HCT de 19,7 ± 2,6 para 13,3 ± 1,1 e 12,5 ± 1,5 nos grupos H100 e H300, respectivamente, a partir da 4° semana de tratamento. Ao final do tratamento observou-se melhora da resposta vascular e diminuição do estresse oxidativo nos animais tratados. Não foi observada nenhuma alteração significativa dos níveis de pressão arterial entre os grupos e não houve redução significativa do índice de adiposidade visceral e glicemia sanguínea nos animais após o tratamento. Os resultados sugerem que os compostos fenólicos presentes na pele do fruto de S. cumini diminuem os efeitos deletérios de dietas hipercalóricas, prevenindo o ganho de peso corporal e melhorando a capacidade antioxidante total e a resposta vascular em modelos animais.

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Tan, Di. "Trapping of methylglyoxal by dietary compounds in vitro." 2007. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.13730.

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Sukamtoh, Elvira. "Biological Effects and Action Mechanisms of Dietary Compounds." 2018. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/666.

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The food that we consume contain many dietary compounds which are biologically active. In this thesis we will discuss the biological effects of dietary compounds and the mechanisms behind their activities. First, we studied on the anti-metastatic effects of curcumin, a dietary compound derived from turmeric, through lymphangiogenesis inhibition. Curcumin inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C)-induced lymphangiogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Curcumin inhibited lymphangiogenesis, in part through suppression of proliferation, cell cycle progression and migration of lymphatic endothelial cells. Curcumin inhibited expressions of VEGF receptors (VEGFR2 and VEGFR3), as well as down-stream signaling such as phosphorylation of ERK and FAK. Finally, curcumin sulfate and curcumin glucuronide, two major metabolites of curcumin in vivo, had little inhibitory effect on proliferation of HMVEC-dLy cells. Our results demonstrate that curcumin inhibits lymphangiogenesis in vitro and in vivo, which could contribute to the anti-metastatic effects of curcumin. Next, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic activity of tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), a widely used synthetic food antioxidant. Here we found that the biological effects of TBHQ are mainly mediated by its oxidative conversion to a quinone metabolite tert-butylquinone (TBQ). Co-addition of cupric ion (Cu2+) enhanced, whereas ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) suppressed the oxidative conversion of TBHQ to TBQ, and the biological activities of TBHQ in MC38 colon cancer cells. Finally, a structure and activity relationship study was done and together, these results suggest that the biological activities of TBHQ and other para-hydroquinones are mainly mediated by their oxidative metabolism to generate more biologically active quinone metabolites.

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Kassim, Muhammad Arshad. "Dietary modulation of the human colonic microbiota through plant-derived prebiotic compounds." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/127.

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Thesis (M.Tech.: Biotechnology)- Dept. of Biotechnology, Durban University of Technology, 2007 xv, 127 leaves
The human gut microbiota play a major role in host health, and attempts are being made to manipulate the composition of the gut microbiota-increase the composition of bacterial groups, such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria that are perceived as exerting health promoting properties. These bacteria defined as food supplements (probiotics) beneficially affect the host by improving the intestinal microbial balance, and have been used to change the composition of the colonic microbiota. However, such changes may be transient, and the implantation of exogenous bacteria therefore becomes limited. In contrast, prebiotics are naturally occurring carbohydrates that are classified as non-digestible oligosaccharides present in edible plants. These carbohydrates enter the colon as intact compounds, elicit systemic physiological functions and act as fermentable substrates for colonic microflora-influencing the species composition and metabolic characteristics of intestinal microflora providing important health attributes. Currently, a widely marketed prebiotic, inulin is extracted from plants of the family Asteraceae. There are many unexploited plants that are regularly consumed and that may have a prebiotic effect or can have very high levels of inulin which could make them commercially viable. In this study, we investigated prebiotic compounds, especially inulin from locally growing, non-commercialised leafy plants. The aqueous extracts of 22 plants from the families Asparagaceae, Alliaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Amaranthaceae, Acanthaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulaceae, Fabaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Pedaliaceae and Apiaceae from Kwa-Zulu Natal were investigated for a prebiotic effect using a modified batch-culture technique with Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus reuteri and Bifidobacterium longum, four common probiotics and the inulin content of the plants was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Of the 22 plants studied, Solanum nigrum, Amaranthus spinosus, Amaranthus hybridus, Asystasia gangetica, Senna occidentalis, Cerathoteca triloba, Asparagus sprengeri, Tulbaghia violacea, Sonchus oleraceus and Taraxacum officinale exhibited a prebiotic effect. The prebiotic effect of the Taraxacum officinale, Sonchus oleraceus and Asparagus sprengeri extracts on L. lactis and L. reuteri was higher than or equivalent to inulin-a commercial prebiotic. In this study, Sonchus oleraceus exhibited the best prebiotic effect-was the only plant to stimulate all the probiotics including B. longum. Of all the plants analysed, Asparagus sprengeri tuber contained the highest amount of inulin (3.55%).

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