Academic literature on the topic 'Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition"
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Gardiner, Claire, Nevine El-Sherbini, Sue Perry, Jane Alderdice, Annabel Harman, and Linda Tarm. "The Renal Dietetic Outcome Tool (RDOT) in clinical practice." Journal of Kidney Care 4, no. 3 (May 2, 2019): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jokc.2019.4.3.116.
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Providing cost- and clinically-effective services is essential in today's NHS, but it can be difficult to capture this data in day to day practice. The identification and development of outcome measures for dietetics is an ongoing challenge. This article describes how the Renal Nutrition Group of the British Dietetic Association developed three renal-specific Dietetic Outcome Models and a Renal Dietetic Outcome Tool (RDOT) to measure dietetic outcomes in potassium and phosphate management and oral nutrition support in patients with chronic kidney disease for use in daily clinical practice
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Petukhov, A. B., D. B. Nikityuk, and V. F. Novodranova. "Terminological basis in the subject field of clinical knowledge." Voprosy dietologii 13, no. 2 (2023): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/2224-5448-2023-2-42-46.
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We did the terminological description of the general concept of specific field of knowledge – the science of nutrition, interrelated concepts by types, situations, categorical signs in dietetics. Key words: medical terminology, nutrition science, dietetics, diet, alimentary factor, replaceable nutritional factor, irreplaceable nutritional factor
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Steinberg, Francene M. "Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 70, no. 5 (November 1, 1999): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.5.947.
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SHARMA, AL. "Clinical; Dietetics and Nutrition." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 54, no. 2 (April 1998): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30523-3.
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Kiisk, Liidia. "Organizing the Estonian Physicians’ Nutritional and Dietetics Society in Tartu University Hospital." Papers on Anthropology 27, no. 2 (October 16, 2018): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/poa.2018.27.2.04.
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Along with everyday clinical work, many nurses and physicians are dealing with clinical nutrition – counselling of patients, nutrition research and cooperation with specialists. It is essential to organise the clinical nutrition of inpatients, outpatients and home-care patients. Patients with chronic diseases and their carers expect increasingly profound information and guidelines about their nutrition from their attending physicians or department nurses and later at home – for this, specific guidelines are needed.
An initiative group of physicians at Tartu University Hospital founded the Estonian Physicians’ Nutritional and Dietetics Society. The aims of the Estonian Physicians’ Nutritional and Dietetics Society are development of cooperation and information exchange with specialists in different areas, development and conducting of continuing education programmes in dietetics in cooperation with the Centre for Continuing Medical Education at the University of Tartu. The terminology of dietetics needs unification and updating. Disease-specific clinical nutrition guidelines have to be compiled and published.
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Hill, Alyson. "Advancing dietetics and clinical nutrition." Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics 24, no. 2 (March 14, 2011): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-277x.2011.01151.x.
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Butt, Majda A. "Book Review: Clinical Dietetics and Nutrition." Nutrition and Health 7, no. 1 (July 1990): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609000700117.
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Armugam, V. "Clinical nutrition and dietetics for nurses." Clinical Nutrition 5, no. 3 (August 1986): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-5614(86)90008-7.
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Dickerson, J. W. T. "Clinical nutrition and dietetics for nurses." International Journal of Nursing Studies 23, no. 4 (January 1986): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7489(86)90061-1.
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Lask, Sandra. "Clinical nutrition and dietetics for nurses." Nurse Education Today 6, no. 5 (October 1986): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0260-6917(86)90125-5.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition"
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Breiter, Abbe Michelle. "Effects of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge of future aerobic dance instructors." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1805.
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The effectiveness of nutrition education on the nutrition knowledge of future aerobic instructors was studied. Forty-seven subjects participated in the study. The experimental group (n=31) chose to and paid for a two-hour per week session of structured nutrition education for four weeks, the control group (n=16) did not. A nutrition knowledge test was completed by all subjects before and after the intervention. Results were analyzed for relationships between subject's nutrition knowledge and age, gender, educational background, income, and body mass index. No significant differences were found between the groups. The results showed that prior to any formal nutrition education, fitness instructors in the experimental and control groups had low nutrition knowledge (8.06%±16.4% and 4.38%±4.12%, respectively). Post-intervention nutrition knowledge significantly improved (p
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Cedillo, Maribel. "Rainbow diet : a new nutrition education tool." FIU Digital Commons, 2004. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2093.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a developmentally appropriate new nutrition education tool, the Rainbow Diet for Children (RDFC), to encourage and aid parents in feeding their children according to current national recommendations. In phase I of the study, the RDFC was developed. Foods were grouped based on color. This grouping provided 11 food groups and foods that provide adequate nutrition for children ages 3-6 years. Using a focus group theoretical diets/foods selections in the RDFC were tested for nutrition adequacy.
Phase II of the study consisted of actual testing of the RDFC with children. Nutrition intervention was given to children at two Montessori Schools in Miami, FL. The RDFC and the Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) were used as nutrition education tools with different groups of children. Children and their parents were encouraged to follow one of the food guides for two weeks. Fifteen healthy children followed the food guides (9 children followed the RDFC and 6 the FGP) while 7 children served as control subjects. Pre and post nutrition analyses were conducted for all three groups.
A pre and post intervention comparison revealed three significant differences. For the FGP group cholesterol intake was significantly (p<0.006) increased and thiamin intake was significantly (p<0.022) decreased. For the control group there was a significant increase (p<0.005) in the vitamin A intake.
For the inter group mean change scores (posttest-pretest) two significant differences were found. First, cholesterol intake in the RDFC was significantly (p<0.045) decreased while for the other two groups it increased significantly. Furthermore, the mean monounsaturated fat intake for the RDFC group significantly decreased (p<0.047) from pre to post, whereas in the other two groups it was increased. These findings support our hypothesis that it is possible to create an alternative meal planning system for 3 to 6 year old children. The RDFC group had adequate nutritional intake while following the rainbow diet meal plan.
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Cabrera, Katherine Marie. "Florida's health care reimbursement for outpatient medical nutrition therapy." FIU Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1957.
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The purpose of this study was to describe and inform registered dietitians (RDs) in the State of Florida what insurance companies are providing in terms of medical nutrition therapy (MNT) coverage.
A questionnaire was developed to encompass major MNT reimbursement stipulations such as policies, specific diseases coverage, specific Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes and descriptors, use of the medical necessity letter and nutrition cost benefits analysis (CBA). The questionnaire, encompassing 27 plans (HMO, PPO, Indemnity, Medicare, Medicaid), also served as a MNT promotional tool for 11 top administrators from insurance companies (10 private, 1 government) around the State of Florida. The results showed that 78% of all plans reimbursed for MNT caseby- case even without specific MNT policies. Sixty-seven percent of the plans would approve for MNT reimbursement with a medical necessity letter. Half of these top administrators showed an optimistic interest in using nutrition CBAs, case studies and practice protocols for creating MNT policies. The top ranked CPT codes were found to be 99204 (1), 99202 (2), 99201 (2), 99203 (3). The most recognized corresponding descriptors with the CPT were MNT, disease management skills and training and nutritional counseling.
This questionnaire may be used to create additional MNT reimbursement audits or research. The results given in this study can aid RDs in proper documentation on insurance claim forms, usage of the medical necessity letter, nutrition CBAs, practice guidelines and case studies for successful MNT reimbursement.
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Chutkan, Sophia S. "Preferences of dietitians and nurses for artificial nutrition and hydration." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2363.
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Dietitians are responsible for recommending artificial nutrition and hydration (ANH) for elderly patients with a diminished mental capacity. Research is non-existent regarding how the beliefs of dietitians influence their recommendations; however, data are available on the attitudes of physicians and nurses regarding ANH. This study was designed to determine how the beliefs of dietitians and nurses affect their decisions regarding administering ANH. Dietitians and nurses, 1500 of each, were asked to agree or disagree with thirteen belief statements related to ANH. The participants also recommended ANH for eight scenarios, which depicted elderly patients with different moods and mental capacities. Results indicated dietitians significantly (p<0.001) more than nurses agreed with the belief statement "when in doubt feed". In all the scenarios, dietitians recommended ANH significantly (p<0.001) more than nurses. Nurses would recommend a trial (p<0.01) or not recommend (p<0.01) ANH more than dietitians. Also, a greater percentage of professionals had a tendency to recommend feeding for the happy patient rather than the unhappy patient. A patient's mood may influence a professional's decision as whether or not to recommend ANH. Dietitians are more likely to recommend ANH to elderly patients with a diminished mental capacity whereas nurses are less aggressive in their recommendations.
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Dawes, Lisa A. Ms. "PARENTING NUTRITION SKILLS WORKSHOP: AN EVALUATION OF FACILITATED GROUP DISCUSSIONS TO ENHANCE PARENTING NUTRITION SELF EFFICACY." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1073.
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Parenting Nutrition Skills Workshops: An Evaluation of Facilitated Group Discussions to Enhance Parenting Nutrition Self-Efficacy
By: Lisa Dawes, RD, CDE
This research study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of using facilitated group discussion (FGD), a less traditional method of nutrition education, for increasing parents’ feelings of self-efficacy in their ability to make nutrition-related decisions, and to set and enforce nutrition-related boundaries with their children.
Childhood obesity is on the rise; poor food choices, portion control, and inactivity are identified as contributing causes. Parents play a major role in creating healthy habits and providing a well-balanced diet for their children. Caregivers who act as the nutrition and behavior gatekeepers were targeted in this intervention. The objective of the current study was to enhance parenting nutrition education and identify barriers to healthy feeding practices in order to optimize nutrition and eating behavior.
Twenty-one parents and three grandparents (n = 24) of preschool and school-aged children participated in one-hour FGD parenting nutrition skills workshops. Parent volunteers participated in one of four workshops in a Central California community. Prior to the workshop, topics for discussion were chosen from common feeding issues determined in the literature such as food-related decisions at various locations (home, school, dining out, on the road); feeding jags; and dealing with a picky eater.
Parents completed validated questionnaires both before and immediately following the workshops. Two weeks after the workshops, parents were interviewed by telephone to measure longer-term impact of the FGD. Pre- and post-workshop questionnaires demonstrated that mean self-confidence levels significantly increased for the ability to set and enforce nutrition-related boundaries for their children directly after, and two weeks after participating in the FGD. Parents also demonstrated an increase in mean self-confidence levels in their ability to purchase nutritious foods and offer those foods to their children two weeks after participating in the FGD. Behaviors associated with an authoritative parenting style—such as modeling healthy eating; encouraging healthy food intake; and offering healthy foods without forcing the child to eat—were significantly higher two weeks after participating in the FGD. Significance may be attributed to the method of information delivery (FGD), the curriculum Feeding the Kids (FtK), or authoritative parents being more receptive to receiving new information, or a combination of all three.
Overall, research results suggest that the use of FGD, coupled with a visual tool such as the Chat Mat created for this project, increased parents’ feelings of self-efficacy and elicited positive nutrition-related behaviors in adopting healthy feeding strategies for their children.
Keywords: Nutrition education, facilitated group discussion, self-efficacy, parenting styles, feeding strategies, parenting nutrition skills
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Buckmire, Dianne C. "Sources of nutrition information for persons living in Trinidad and Tobago." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1941.
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Health consumers worldwide obtain nutrition information from various sources; however, the sources Trinidadians and Tobagonians accessed were unclear. This cross-sectional, descriptive study ascertained from which sources Trinidadians and Tobagonians obtained nutrition information. Participants (n = 845) were surveyed with questions regarding demographics and nutrition information sources. Nearly 100% agreed nutrition information was important. Persons 18-64 years old mainly accessed print media (p<0.01) and ≥ 65years old predominantly accessed the non-print media. Significantly more tertiary educated people, ≥ 35 years old, retrieved information from print media (p=0.001), health care professionals (p=0.001), food labels (p=0.006), and non-print media (p=0.03) when compared to those < 35 years with similar education. Tertiary educated people (67%), selected the Internet when compared to those with without tertiary education (33%) (p<0.001). Knowing the nutrition information sources accessed, dietitians will be able to provide consistent, accurate, age specific nutrition information and promote healthy eating among Trinidadians and Tobagonians.
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Baker, Holly Jean. "Physical activity and nutrition related variables in hispanic and non-hispanic college students." FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1375.
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It has been estimated that one in four adults have sedentary lifestyles. In addition there appears to be an increase in obesity across the life span. It is of great importance to the health of this nation to understand how to promote more active lifestyles through the identification of lifestyle behaviors of active individuals and potential predictors of physical activity (PA). Seven hundred and seventy-seven college students were surveyed to investigate the relationship between nutrition related variables (i.e., dietary restraint, nutrition knowledge, food choice and body weight concerns) and PA. In this study, over half of the students reported doing 30 minutes of moderate intensity PA daily. Vigorously active males and females chose low fat foods more often than the less active group. Exercisers and non-exercisers had similar nutrition knowledge. The results of this study suggest that students who are more active are more conscience about making healthier food choices.
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Duncan, Alyssa Renee. ""Nutrition facts" label use in the selection of healthier foods by undergraduate students." FIU Digital Commons, 1996. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3239.
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Use of "Nutrition Facts" panel on food labels was studied in the selection of healthier substitutes for foods normally consumed by 276 undergraduates, mean age, 19.7+2.5 years. Among 1095 label pairs (3.97 per student), 80.6% included a "healthier" substitute. Most common food categories were cookies/bars/tarts (12.8%), cereal (11.8%), chips/crackers (11.1%), beverages (10.2%) and breads/muffins (9.1%). Up to three errors were recorded per label pair, with 384 total errors made, including failure to adjust for serving size (34%), use of pre-NLEA labels (30%), comparison of unlike foods (16%) and unclear comparisons or missing labels (19%). Among 3295 nutrient comparisons, total fat (23.6%), calories (18.4%) and sodium (11.7%) were cited most often. Substitutes were a little (1-10% difference) to a lot healthier (>51% difference) for 83% of nutrients. Sixty percent would purchase healthier foods again or look for other substitutes and 47% stated they preferred the substitute's taste or thought it equivalent.
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Brain, Urrunaga Carmen Teresa. "Elder malnutrition: A meta analysis of studies using the nutrition screening initiative determine checklist." FIU Digital Commons, 1997. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1786.
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To demonstrate the extent of elder malnutrition risk in this country, a meta analysis of 30 studies that used the Nutrition Screening Initiative's "DETERMINE Your Nutritional Health Checklist" was conducted. The studies were divided into three categories: Elder Populations in Healthcare Related Systems (HS), Elder Meal Program Participants (MP), and General Community Residing Elder Population (GC). HS was sub-divided into Hospital Inpatient/Clinic Outpatient and Long Term Care/Home Care. The MP population were identified as Congregate or Home Delivered meal participants. Overall, results indicate that 63% of elders are at moderate (32%) or high (31 %) risk of malnutrition. Home Delivered Meal Participants and Hospital Inpatient/Clinic Outpatients are most likely to be at high risk of malnutrition (49.5% and 49.1%, respectively). Individuals least likely to be at high malnutrition risk are the General Community Residing Elder Population (17.5%) and Congregate Meal Participants (22.5%).
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Chisholm, Martha M. "The effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on zinc (Zn) retention in the tissue of rats." FIU Digital Commons, 1995. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2342.
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Zn is regularly added to TPN solutions, however, requirements are poorly understood. This research investigated whether or not the route of Zn intake (oral vs parenteral) changes Zn concentration in rat tissues. Twenty-four male Fischer-344 rats were equally and randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=6): control (CON), baseline (BS), orally fed (OF), and intravenously fed (IV). After fifteen days of feeding, organs and sera were collected and analyzed for Zn by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Of the nine tissues analyzed, the Zn concentrations in the liver, kidney, and lung of the IV rats were significantly higher (p<1.l) than those of the CON, BS, and OF rats. Results indicated that rats fed intravenously with Zn displayed increased Zn concentrations in liver, kidney and lung tissues, and that the concentration of Zn in the serum may not reflect tissue Zn levels. This suggests that the route of Zn intake affects tissue Zn concentration.
Books on the topic "Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition"
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Antia, F. P. Clinical dietetics and nutrition. 3rd ed. Bombay: Oxford University Press, 1989.
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Professor, Abraham Philip, ed. Clinical dietetics and nutrition. 4th ed. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1997.
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1959-, Payne Anne, and Barker Helen M, eds. Advancing dietetics and clinical nutrition. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010.
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American Dietetic Association. Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group., ed. Pediatric manual of clinical dietetics. Chicago: Pediatric Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group, American Dietetic Association, 1997.
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J, Gibney Michael, and Nutrition Society (Great Britain), eds. Clinical nutrition. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 2005.
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Cataldo, Corinne Balog. Understanding clinical nutrition. St. Paul: West Pub. Co., 1991.
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Goode, A. W. Clinical nutrition and dietetics for nurses. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1985.
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K, Lysen Lucinda, and Evans-Stoner Nancy, eds. Clinical nutrition: Nutrition support, oral diet therapies. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1997.
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Zeman, Frances J. Clinical nutrition anddietetics. 2nd ed. New York: Macmillan Pub. Co., 1991.
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Rolfes, Sharon Rady. Understanding normal and clinical nutrition. 7th ed. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2006.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition"
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Johnson, Tracey. "Enteral Nutrition." In Clinical Paediatric Dietetics, 33–47. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118915349.ch3.
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Price, Joanne Louise. "Parenteral Nutrition." In Clinical Paediatric Dietetics, 48–65. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118915349.ch4.
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Meyer, Rosan, and Luise Marino. "Nutrition in Critically Ill Children." In Clinical Paediatric Dietetics, 66–80. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118915349.ch5.
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Watling, Ruth. "Provision of Nutrition in a Hospital Setting." In Clinical Paediatric Dietetics, 23–32. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118915349.ch2.
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Russell, Mary Krystofiak. "Clinical assessment of undernutrition." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Nutrition Support, 74–81. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118993880.ch2.5.
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Labadarios, D. "Syndrome X: Clinical Aspects." In World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 68–74. Basel: KARGER, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000088220.
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Wynne, Katie. "Clinical management of diabetes in pregnancy." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Diabetes, 168–75. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119121725.ch20.
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Iqbal, Ahmed, and Simon Heller. "Clinical management of type 1 diabetes." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Diabetes, 60–66. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119121725.ch8.
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Shaw, Vanessa, and Helen McCarthy. "Nutritional Assessment, Dietary Requirements, Feed Supplementation." In Clinical Paediatric Dietetics, 1–22. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118915349.ch1.
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Huda, Mohammed S. B. "Clinical management of diabetes in ethnic groups." In Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Diabetes, 240–48. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119121725.ch28.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition"
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Kopitar, Leon, Gregor Stiglic, Leon Bedrac, and Jiang Bian. "Personalized Meal Planning in Inpatient Clinical Dietetics Using Generative Artificial Intelligence: System Description." In 2024 IEEE 12th International Conference on Healthcare Informatics (ICHI), 326–31. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichi61247.2024.00049.
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Mfono, Zitandile Hlombekazi. "Indigenous Vegetable Knowledge and Intake among Hypertensive Adults at a Clinic in a Township in Gqeberha, South Africa." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-i.d.e.f.s.p-20.
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Background: The consumption of indigenous vegetables among adults living in peri-urban South African areas have declined considerably mainly due to nutrition transition and the loss of indigenous knowledge. Elderly African women are the main holders of indigenous vegetable knowledge. African women living in peri-urban areas have been reported as consuming inadequate vegetable intake and are at a high risk for non-communicable diseases (NCD) such as hypertension. African leafy vegetables may significantly contribute to meet the dietary guidelines recommendations for adequate vegetable intake which are targeted to address NCDs. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the knowledge and consumption of indigenous vegetables among adults with hypertension at a peri-urban healthcare facility. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study at a healthcare facility in a township (peri-urban area) in Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Two hundred and thirty participants were conveniently sampled from May-November 2021. Data was collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire. Results: The median age of the participants was 56 years, 74.3 % (n=171) was females and all participants were of African ethnicity. Only 46.1 % of participants knew what type of plants indigenous vegetables were, most participants said that they thought that it was spinach (Swiss chard). Over half of the participants (56.5 %) responded that they had access to indigenous vegetables in their area, while a third (36.5 %) did not have access to them. The majority (53.5 %) of the participants had not consumed indigenous vegetables in the past month. The main reason for not consuming indigenous vegetables reported was lack of availability (33 %) and lack of knowledge about them (18.3 %). Most participants agreed that indigenous vegetables were healthy (94.8 %) and were a source of nutrients (92.2 %). The most identified available indigenous vegetable plant leaves consumed were Dwarf nettle (52.3 %), Tulbaghia (40%), Black night shade (31.5 %), Amaranth (33.8 %), pumpkin leaves (24.6 %) and Black jack (17.7 %). Conclusion: Despite most participants being older African women, many of the participants had not consumed indigenous vegetables in the past month and most had no ready access to them. Keywords: African, indigenous vegetables, hypertension, vegetables, dietary guidelines
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Waithaka, Eva Njambi. "Potential for Behaviour Change among Kenyan Type 2 Diabetes Service Users: An Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Health Belief Model." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-17.
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Behavioural factors associated to eating habits, increased physical activity and reduction in behaviours that are sedentary are important for preventing, managing and influencing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since human behaviour is complex, theoretical frameworks have been developed to help improve the success of different interventions that purpose to change behaviours. This study assessed the use of the health belief model to describe potential for behaviour change among Kenyan T2DM service users. A cross sectional research design was adopted. A quantitative methodology was used. The location of the study was Thika Level 5 Hospital. The target population of the study was T2DM service users, aged 20-70 years, and attending Thika level 5 hospital diabetes clinic. The sample size for the study was 346 service users. Purposive sampling was used in selecting the sample size. A questionnaire was used in data collection. Data collected was cleaned, coded and entered into SPSS version 26.0 for analysis. Items related to the patients’ demographic information were assessed through frequencies and percentages. Items testing behaviour change based on the health belief model were subjected to exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results for the study were presented in form of tables. Through EFA, the study found that behaviour change among Kenyan T2DM service users attending Thika Level 5 Hospital diabetes clinic is based on four constructs of the health belief model: susceptibility to heart attack or stroke, intention to exercise, perceived benefits of exercise and healthy eating and healthy eating intentions (cues of action). The study therefore concludes that behaviour change is perceived differently among T2DM service users. Therefore, it is recommended that health awareness messages and counseling for T2DM patients should utilize the health belief model constructs to come up with effective interventions for promoting behaviour change. A “one size fits all” approach is not recommended when coming up with interventions towards behaviour change. Key Words: EFA, HBM, behavior change, T2DM
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Mwangi, Faith, Elizabeth Omondi, and Happiness Oruko. "Enhancing Food Security and Nutrition through Maternal, Infant, And Young Child Nutrition Support Groups: A Case of Kwale County." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-m.i.y.c.n.h.p-23.
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Background: According to (KDHS 2022), 23% of children under-5 in Kwale County are stunted compared to 18% at national level. This is attributed to knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) gaps, poor dietary practices, recurrent droughts and poverty. Matuga sub county , one of the four sub counties in Kwale County has stunting rates of 25.2% and underweight rates of 12.7% (SMART Survey 2022).To address this, USAID Stawisha Pwani (USP) project initiated Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition (MIYCN) support groups in Vyongwani CU , Matuga Subcouty. Objective: This abstract highlight how MIYCN support groups can be used to improve food security. Methodology: USP project trained 25 health workers and 224 community health volunteers (CHVs) on MIYCN. The trainees mapped households to identify pregnant and/or lactating women in Vyongwani CU. The CHVs formed 9 MIYCN support groups each consisting of 15 pregnant and lactating mothers. With the support of the Department of health, each MIYCN group conducted monthly meetings to give mothers health education and economic empowerment mentorships. The project engaged agricultural extension officers and social protection department to impart mothers with skills on bee keeping, gardening, small animal rearing and Income generating activities(IGAs) Findings: The groups enabled timely identification of malnutrition cases and supplementation of Vitamin A and dewormers. 100% of pregnant mothers in the groups attended their Antenatal clinic visits consistently, took Iron Folic acid supplementation and had skilled delivery while 100% of the children whose mothers were in the groups breastfed exclusively for 6 months. The MICYN support groups established a community resource center. The nine groups established two demonstration beehives, three community demonstration kitchen gardens, rabbit farming, poultry and other IGAs. All the 135 mothers replicated kitchen gardens at household level while 67 mothers initiated small scale poultry farming. The women sell surplus fruits, vegetables, honey and eggs harvested from their small gardens. Mothers adopted sun drying as a method of preserving surplus vegetables. Conclusion: Integration of health education and economic empowerment in MIYCN support groups has the potential to contribute to improved food security. Keywords: Malnutrition, Supplementation, Antenatal
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Chepngetich, Purity, and Dr Lois L. N. Wagana. "Our Experience with 3 Patients on Management of Obesity and Diabetes with Diet and Aggressive Weight Loss." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-12.
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Background: Food system refers to the elements and activities related to producing,processing, distributing , consuming food and its effects in our day to day lifestyle. Diet and lifestyle therapy is the cornerstone of therapy for healthy living especially for patients with obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Objective: This article gives our practical experience on management of Obesity and Diabetes with diet and aggressive weight loss. The components of healthy lifestyle therapy includes a package of; reduced calorie intake,increased physical activity and patient education. Results Patient Y [male] In December 2022 was 98kg.The Random blood sugar was 11.2mmols and HbA1C was 5.8%. On taking diet history he consumed red meat without restriction.No much physical activity.Consumed high starch diet.Diagnosed of Prediabetes. After one month of nutrition consultation; Lost 3kg through a low starch high protein diet. Exercised moderately by walking 30-45 minutes thrice a week. After four months there was drastic improvement.Lost Up to 8kg. B] Patient P[female] In January 2023 had 104 kgs.Had Random blood sugar of 10.2mmols, HbA1C 5.8%. She had been eating one banana everyday for breakfast.Consumed a lot of matoke and potatoes in her meals occasionally. Did not exercise. Diagnosed with Prediabetes and hypertension.Triglycerides were elevated. After one month of nutrition follow up, she had lost 5kg.Random blood sugar dropped to 6.4mmols C]Patient M[MALE] On the visit to the clinic ,he weighed 145 kg, Random blood sugar was 8.4mmols. Consumed red meat daily of measurable amounts.No exercise at all since most of his work is involved with lots of driving to work.Was diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes,Hypertension, Dyslipidemia. After 2 months of close nutrition monitoring, Random blood sugar improved drastically.Weight dropped to 136kg. Conclusion of the study: From the three patients, moderate exercise has really improved their health to greater heights.Helped increase insulin sensitivity ,we opine as a result blood sugar levels drop. Cutting down on animal protein consumption such as red meat and eggs.Has lowered triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. Consumption of low carb diet and exercise contributes to weight loss Regulating the food system, especially on consumption, significantly promotes a healthy lifestyle. Keywords: diet, Random blood sugar,HbAIC,triglycerides
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Pullen, Stacey Leigh Lillian. "Risk Factors Associated with Premature Birth at a District Hospital in Bisho, Eastern Cape." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-m.i.y.c.n.h.p-33.
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Introduction and background: At least 23 000 new-born babies in South Africa die annually, 45% due to preterm-related complications or the lack of proper healthcare. Prematurity is the leading cause of death in children under five years old with at least 2.5 million preterm infants dying globally each year. What is more, is that greater disparity in mortality is being seen between rich and poor countries. Knowledge of the contributing and causative factors of prematurity within a community can help address modifiable risk factors and create vigilance and awareness around the non-modifiable risk factors leading to preterm birth. Aims and objectives: The aim of the study was to identify which risk factors are associated with prematurity at Bisho Hospital, a district hospital in central Eastern Cape, South Africa. The objectives of the study were to identify which risk factors between the full-term and preterm group were more prevalent and therefore associated with prematurity. Methodology: A descriptive quantitative correlation study design was used, where premature as well as full-term infants were included in the study. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire. All accessible medical notes of both the mother and infant were used as well. The questionnaire was used to establish which risk factors were most prevalent during the pregnancies of women in each group and whether these risk factors were significant contributors to prematurity. Results: A sample of 130 mothers, 50 from the preterm group and 80 from the full-term group were included in the study. Of the 51 questions and various risk factors investigated, only four risk factors showed to have statistical significance in its association with prematurity. These were: a positive HIV status (p=0.022), a poor maternal nutritional status (p=0.031), mothers living far distances from their local clinic (0.041-0.024) and mothers having previously delivered a pre-term baby (p=0.009). In addition to this, mothers who smoked during pregnancy and who had a previous TB diagnosis, was associated with delivering smaller birth weight babies of 580g and 537g less, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study enlightened the study population on the causes of prematurity, specific to its catchment area. Modifiable risk factors have since been addressed at facility level, with more mothers with a poor nutritional status being referred for nutritional support. Non-modifiable risk factors are in the process of being addressed through the involvement of primary health care facilities to ensure timeous referrals of those at-risk patients as identified within the study. This study has also inspired the continued research on the management of premature infants at District Hospitals, with hopes to improve and optimise management and reduce pre-term related deaths and disability. Key Words: Preterm birth; poor maternal nutritional status; district hospital; Eastern Cape; South Africa
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Heffernan, Maria, Patricia Fitzpatrick, Amy Bermingham, Ross Neville, Nicola Dervan, Clare Corish, Celine Murrin, and Brian Mullins. "Novel implementation of experiential learning in health and wellbeing in a university setting." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13069.
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Healthy UCD is a health promotion initiative in University College Dublin (UCD) which aims to create a sustainable healthy campus for all members of the UCD community. In recent years, Healthy UCD has worked with staff from across the university to provide opportunities for experiential learning to UCD students in areas related to health and wellbeing. The initiative currently has involvement in three modules: 1) Practice Placement – a core MSc in Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics module where students plan and implement a university-wide Healthy Eating Week, 2) Event Management – a core module undertaken by second-year BSc Sport & Exercise Management students, and 3) Student Health & Wellbeing – an undergraduate elective module which challenges students to reflect on issues which affect their own health and wellbeing and that of those around them and then develop a student-focused Healthy UCD campaign. This paper will outline how experiential learning is implemented in these modules, how students are assessed, and the perceptions of students who complete these modules.
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Chege, Ruth Waithira. "Addressing the Gaps in Maternal, Infant, And Young Child Nutrition Policies in Kenya Post-Covid Era." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-m.i.y.c.n.h.p-22.
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Proper nutrition during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood helps to prevent micronutrient deficiencies for mothers and children. Improved maternal nutrition during pregnancy has been associated with improved birth outcomes and minimized risk of pregnancy-related complications. Poor nutrition during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of preeclampsia, anemia, hemorrhage, and death in mothers. In addition, poor nutrition status of mothers leads to stillbirth, wasting, low birth weight, and delayed developmental milestones in children. Mothers are the source of many generations. Thus, their nutrition status predominantly influences the nutrition status of the forthcoming generations. Given the sensitivity of maternal, infant, and young children nutrition services, the government of Kenya, in partnership with international agencies such as UNICEF and WHO, has developed policies and guidelines to ensure the well-being of this key population. These guidelines and policies address malnutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, health education and counseling, access to healthcare, food security, and policy coordination and implementation. Although Kenya has come a long way in implementing these policies, there appear to be several gaps in the promotion and application of these policies. Kenya is still struggling with potential gaps in maternal and infant nutrition policies in Kenya including limited coverage of nutrition counseling and support to pregnant women, inadequate focus on preconception nutrition, inadequate support for exclusive breastfeeding, poor integration of nutrition into maternal and child health programs, inadequate coverage of complementary feeding programs especially to children above 24 months of age, poor monitoring and evaluation of systems to examine the effectiveness of various maternal, infant and young children practices. Further, the COVID-19 pandemic increased the uncertainties in the application of nutrition guidelines in maternal nutrition. In particular, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated misperceptions in antenatal nutrition practices, breastfeeding practices, and complementary feeding. These misperceptions persist three years after the onset of the pandemic, thus adding to the existing gaps in the country’s maternal, infant, and young child nutrition policies. Within this context, the proposed study will explore the present gaps in Kenya’s maternal, young, and infant child feeding policies post-COVID-19 era and suggest sound recommendations to address these gaps effectively. Key Words: COVID-19 Pandemic, Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition Guidelines, Gaps in Maternal, Infant, and Young Child Nutrition Policies, Key policy recommendations, Evaluation of maternal and child nutrition programs
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Kiage Mokua, Beatrice N. "The Role of Nutrition in Cancer Upsurge and Mitigation in Kenya." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.d.h.l-07.
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Cancer is a major public health concern in Kenya, and poor nutrition is a significant contributor to its upsurge. This paper examines the role of nutrition in the development and prevention of cancer in Kenya. Poor nutrition, including inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables and high consumption of processed foods, has been linked to an increased risk of various types of cancer. Diets high in red and processed meats, salt, and sugar have also been associated with increased cancer risk. On the other hand, diets high in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and legumes have been shown to reduce the risk of various types of cancer. Kenya faces various challenges in promoting optimal nutrition, including poverty, food insecurity, and limited access to healthy foods. Many Kenyans consume diets that are low in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and high in saturated fats, sugars, and salt. Malnutrition is also prevalent in Kenya, contributing to various health problems, including cancer. Promoting healthy nutrition practices through public health campaigns and policies that promote access to healthy foods and discourage consumption of unhealthy foods can mitigate the upsurge of cancer in Kenya. Nutrition education and awareness efforts are also critical in improving nutrition in Kenya. In conclusion, addressing the challenge of poor nutrition in Kenya is essential in mitigating the upsurge of cancer and improving overall health outcomes. Keywords: Cancer, nutrition, Kenya, diet, prevention, public health campaigns, access to healthy foods, nutrition education.
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Mkamburi M., Kilian, Evyline Nkirigacha, Jackin N. Nanua, and Patricia M. Mbogoh. "Factors Associated with Formation and Uptake of Toxic Aldehydes in Foods During Deep Fat Frying; A Review." In 3rd International Nutrition and Dietetics Scientific Conference. KENYA NUTRITIONISTS AND DIETICIANS INSTITUTE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57039/jnd-conf-abt-2023-f.s.s.d-05.
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Deep-fried foods are associated with toxic aldehydes and therefore, ingestion of such foods is linked with increased risks of pathogenesis and progression of non-communicable diseases like cancers, neurological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases among other chronic conditions. Particularly, the α and β-unsaturated aldehydes are shown to be highly oxidative, cytotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic when ingested. This paper reviewed current studies on factors that promote the generation of toxic aldehydes during deep fat frying and the factors that would promote the uptake of these toxic aldehydes into fried foods. A literature search was performed using Boolean operators from Google scholar, PubMed, and HINARI for articles published between 2014 and 2021. Findings showed that higher frying temperatures with longer frying durations, the chemical composition of the frying oil i.e., the ratio of saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and type, the concentration of vitamin E in the oil, the number of times frying oil is reused before discarding, the make and shape of the frying pan potentially influence generation and uptake of toxic aldehydes into fried foods. In conclusion, there is growing evidence that deep frying practices, type of frying oil, food and frying pan used can influence generation of toxic aldehydes while on the other hand, only scanty evidence on factors influencing the uptake of toxic aldehydes in fried foods is available. While the current findings are informative, they are still some limitations regarding their usage as there were no oil-specific studies that investigated all the factors influencing generation of toxic aldehydes in totality Key words: Toxic aldehydes, generation, formation and uptake, deep fat frying, deep fried foods, toxic aldehydes uptake, α, and β-unsaturated aldehyde.
Reports on the topic "Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition"
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Babin, Abigail. Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes of Medical Nutrition Therapy Interventions in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis: Literature Review. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-366.
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strauss, Bernhard, Samuel Short, and Pantea Lotfian. The Evolution of personalised nutrition. Food Standards Agency, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ean605.
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Health and wellbeing and susceptibility to disease are causally linked to food and nutrition intake, an observation that has informed dietary advice for centuries. However, physiological response to different food types varies greatly by individual, meaning that a “one size fits all” approach to nutritional advice may be inadequate to ensure optimum health outcomes. Personalised nutrition (PN) services, operating at the intersection between health advisory, the wellness sector, and the food system, seek to address this through individualised targeted dietary advice focused on achieving lasting dietary behaviour change that is beneficial for health. In this report we specifically analyse the evolution of personalised nutrition defined as nutritional advice based on personalised analysis of scientific data obtained from the customers’ phenotype and the scientific knowledge base underpinning such advice. We will touch on technologies that enable the personalisation of food more generally only insofar as they might impact PN in the future through wider network effects within the food system. Personalised nutrition as a clinical and academic field of study has existed for at least four decades, however recent investor interest and cheaper direct-to-consumer (D2C) testing devices have enabled a growing commercial PN sector that has evolved over the past ten years. Commercial PN services provide mostly advice, which is claimed to be based on the latest scientific evidence showing the causal connections between certain individual phenotypic traits (genes, lifestyle factors, gut microbe, blood parameters, age, sex, etc.) and the physiological response to food. In addition to advice, providers increasingly offer personalised supplements and vitamins (which are within the FSA remit) as well as personalised, tailored subscription meal plans. The sector in the UK is currently still small but represented by a number of different business models serving increasing consumer interest in health-related offerings. Moreover, there are hopes that commercial PN might, in the longer-term future, contribute to public health. In this report we have analysed the specific input trends that have enabled the emergence of the sector with the drivers and challenges that are shaping its evolution today. This analysis included a thorough assessment of the science that underpins PN services, the role of technology trends and commercial activity including an overview of the current global and UK markets, wider social trends that impact consumer uptake of PN, and the existing regulatory environment that surrounds PN, a currently unregulated commercial activity. The potential impact on public health, food safety and consumer choice as the industry develops over the coming decade were also assessed.
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Parsons, Helen M. Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer260.
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Objective. To understand the evidence base for nutrition interventions delivered prior to or during cancer treatment for preventing and treating negative cancer and cancer treatment–related outcomes among individuals with or at risk for malnutrition. The primary purpose was to inform the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Pathways to Prevention workshop Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes, held July 26–28, 2022. Data sources. We searched Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify studies from 2000 through July 2022. We conducted grey literature searches to identify additional resources relevant to the associated costs or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) of nutrition interventions. Review methods. The review was guided by a set of Key Questions established by the NIH planning committee for the Nutrition as Prevention for Improved Cancer Health Outcomes workshop. We searched for studies that evaluated a broad range of nutrition interventions (e.g., dietary supplements, nutrition support, nutrition counseling) for preventing and treating negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with enrollment ≥50 participants. We extracted basic study information from all eligible studies, then grouped studies by broad intervention and cancer types. We provide a detailed evidence map for all included studies, but conducted risk of bias and additional qualitative descriptions of outcomes for only those intervention and cancer types with a larger volume of literature. Results. We identified 9,798 unique references, with 206 studies from 219 publications reporting RCTs of nutrition interventions to potentially improve negative outcomes of cancer and cancer-related treatment. Two decades of randomized trial evidence on nutrition interventions for adults prior to and/or during cancer treatment primarily focused on dietary supplements, nutrition support (including oral nutrition supplements), and the route or timing of nutrition interventions for gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in the inpatient setting. Most studies evaluated changes in body weight/composition, adverse events, length of hospital stay, and quality of life. Few studies were conducted within the U.S. setting. Among intervention and cancer types with a high volume of literature (n=114), which predominantly included studies in dietary supplements and nutrition support in gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers, 11 percent (n=12) were rated as low risk of bias (higher quality), 40 percent (n=46) medium risk of bias, and 49 percent (n=56) high risk of bias (lower quality). Low and medium risk-of-bias studies reported mixed results on the effect of nutrition interventions across cancer and treatment-related outcomes. Although the evidence map shows a large volume of studies evaluating nutrition interventions and outcomes, these studies showed high heterogeneity across study populations, interventions, and outcomes (measure definitions, timing of measurements), even within nutrition intervention categories; as a result, we could not aggregate results. While studies enrolled individuals from multiple cancer types, treatments, and stages, across the lifespan, with varying degrees of muscle wasting, and in those with a range of comorbid conditions, no eligible studies specifically evaluated whether the effects of nutrition interventions on preventing negative outcomes varied across these characteristics. Among studies included in our Key Questions, we found that few (4%, n=8) published cost or value (e.g., cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit) information related to the intervention. In our grey literature search of additional studies examining cost or value of nutrition interventions, we found few studies that conducted cost-effectiveness or cost-benefit analyses; among those that did, we found the studies were conducted in non-U.S. health systems and demonstrated mixed results on the value of nutrition interventions. Conclusions. Although overall RCT evidence focused on a wide range of nutrition interventions, studies were concentrated in use of dietary supplements, nutrition support, and the route or timing of nutrition interventions within gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers in inpatient settings. Among interventions with the highest volume of literature, the majority of studies were rated as high risk of bias. Our findings point to the need for rigorous new research to bolster the evidence base. Specifically, the field needs a more detailed future evaluation of a subset of nutrition interventions contained in this evidence map that focuses on priorities most relevant to specific stakeholders (e.g., oncologists, patients, dietitians, researchers, policymakers). Further, studies should be specifically designed to evaluate the main outcomes of interest for clinical practice. Future research would also benefit from creation of standardized taxonomies for interventions and outcomes as well as more rigorous design and reporting of nutrition interventions. As mentioned, heterogeneity of populations, interventions, comparators, and outcomes precluded aggregation. Currently, the quality and heterogeneity of the studies limit translation of findings into clinical practice or guidelines. In order to inform development of these guidelines, coordinated efforts are required to develop detailed conceptual frameworks for mechanisms of nutrition interventions most relevant to clinical care providers and patients. Such frameworks would help inform priorities for future research as well as guide practice and policy.
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Macinko, James, Inês Dourado, and Frederico C. Guanais. Chronic Diseases, Primary Care and Health Systems Performance: Diagnostics, Tools and Interventions. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007980.
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Growing exposure to risk factors in combination with low levels of access to preventive care are increasing unmet health needs. LAC has been experiencing a "nutrition transition" towards less healthy diets. Thirty to sixty percent of the region's population does not achieve the minimum recommended levels of physical activity and obesity is rising rapidly. Inadequate access to high quality health services, including clinical prevention and diagnostic services and difficult access to essential medicines are significant contributing factors to the growing burden of chronic disease.
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Katan, Jaacov, and Michael E. Stanghellini. Clinical (Major) and Subclinical (Minor) Root-Infecting Pathogens in Plant Growth Substrates, and Integrated Strategies for their Control. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568089.bard.
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In intensive agriculture, harmful soilborne biotic agents, cause severe damage. These include both typical soilborne (clinical) major pathogens which destroy plants (e.g. Fusarium and Phytophthora pathogens), and subclinical ("minor") pathogens (e.g. Olpidium and Pythium). The latter cause growth retardation and yield decline. The objectives of this study were: (1) To study the behavior of clinical (major) and subclinical (minor) pathogens in plant growth substrate, with emphasis on zoosporic fungi, such as Pythium, Olipidium and Polymyxa. (2) To study the interaction between subclinical pathogens and plants, and those aspects of Pythium biology which are relevant to these systems. (3) To adopt a holistic-integrated approach for control that includes both eradicative and protective measures, based on a knowledge of the pathogens' biology. Zoospores were demonstrated as the primary, if not the sole propagule, responsible for pathogen spread in a recirculating hydroponic cultural system, as verified with P. aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici. P. aphanidermatum, in contrast to Phytophthora capsici, can also spread by hyphae from plant-to-plant. Synthetic surfactants, when added to the recirculating nutrient solutions provided 100% control of root rot of peppers by these fungi without any detrimental effects on plant growth or yield. A bacterium which produced a biosurfactant was proved as efficacious as synthetic surfactants in the control of zoosporic plant pathogens in the recirculating hydroponic cultural system. The biosurfactant was identified as a rhamnolipid. Olpidium and Polymyxa are widespread and were determined as subclinical pathogens since they cause growth retardation but no plant mortality. Pythium can induce both phenomena and is an occasional subclinical pathogen. Physiological and ultrastructural studies of the interaction between Olpidium and melon plants showed that this pathogen is not destructive but affects root hairs, respiration and plant nutrition. The infected roots constitute an amplified sink competing with the shoots and eventually leading to growth retardation. Space solarization, by solar heating of the greenhouse, is effective in the sanitation of the greenhouse from residual inoculum and should be used as a component in disease management, along with other strategies.
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DiGrande, Laura, Sue Pedrazzani, Elizabeth Kinyara, Melanie Hymes, Shawn Karns, Donna Rhodes, and Alanna Moshfegh. Field Interviewer– Administered Dietary Recalls in Participants’ Homes: A Feasibility Study Using the US Department of Agriculture’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method. RTI Press, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0045.2105.
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Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of administering the Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM), a widely used tool for collecting 24-hour dietary recalls, in participants’ homes by field interviewers. Design: The design included computer-assisted personal interviews led by either a nutritionist (standard) or field interviewer. Portion estimators tested were a set of three-dimensional food models (standard), a two-dimensional food model booklet, or a tablet with digital images rendered via augmented reality. Setting: Residences in central North Carolina. Participants: English-speaking adults. Pregnant women and individuals who were fasting were excluded. Results: Among 133 interviews, most took place in living rooms (52%) or kitchens (22%). Mean interview time was 40 minutes (range 13–90), with no difference by interviewer type or portion estimator, although timing for nutritionist-led interviews declined significantly over the study period. Forty-five percent of participants referenced items from their homes to facilitate recall and portion estimation. Data entry and post-interview coding was evaluated and determined to be consistent with requirements for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Values for the number of food items consumed, food groups, energy intake (average of 3,011 kcal for men and 2,105 kcal for women), and key nutrients were determined to be plausible and within reasonably expected ranges regardless of interviewer type or portion estimator used. Conclusions: AMPM dietary recall interviews conducted in the home are feasible and may be preferable to clinical administration because of comfort and the opportunity for participants to access home items for recall. AMPMs administered by field interviewers using the food model booklet produced credible nutrition data that was comparable to AMPMs administered by nutritionists. Training field interviewers in dietary recall and conducting home interviews may be sensible choices for nutrition studies when response rates and cost are concerns.
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Sheng, Chang, Weihua Huang, Mingmei Liao, and Pu Yang. Association of the Abdominal Aortic Calcification with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease-Specific Mortality: Prospective Cohort Study. World Journal of Surgery, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.60123/j.wjs.2024.10.03.
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Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is a prevalent form of vascular calcification associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. While previous studies on AAC and cardiovascular risk exist, many have limitations such as small sample sizes and limited clinical significance outcomes. This study aims to prospectively investigate the association between AAC and all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific mortality rates in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Methods: The study, conducted on NHANES participants aged 40 years or older during the 2013-2014 cycle, assessed AAC using the Kauppila scoring system. Demographic characteristics, mortality data, and comorbid factors such as age, gender, diabetes, and hypertension were considered. Statistical analyses, including weighted percentages, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models, were employed to evaluate the associations between AAC and mortality risks. Results: After analyzing a final sample of 2717 participants, the study found a significant association between severe AAC (SAAC) and higher all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.17-2.48). The dose-response relationship indicated an increased risk with higher AAC scores. However, no independent association was observed between AAC and cardiovascular mortality. Stratified analysis revealed variations in the AAC-all-cause mortality association based on gender and hypertension. Conclusion: This population-based study provides valuable insights into the prospective association between AAC and all-cause mortality, emphasizing the potential role of AAC assessment in identifying individuals at higher risk.
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Nutrition Science for Health and Longevity: What Every Clinician Needs to Know. Gaples Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51150/gaples1.
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This online nutrition course for clinicians, approved for 4 hours of continuing medical education, is designed to provide a solid foundation of clinically relevant nutrition knowledge, and outlines practical strategies to incorporate nutritional counseling into a busy clinical practice. Course elements include: 1) Clickable links to more than 100 key references; 2) Sections on clinician self-care, fad diets, screening for patients with food insecurity, and motivational interviewing; 3) Over 20 immersive clinical scenarios; 4) Downloadable summaries of each section with key takeaways.