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Journal articles on the topic 'Diets based on corn or sorghum'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Thomas, Lori L., Robert D. Goodband, Charmaine D. Espinosa, Hans H. Stein, Jason C. Woodworth, Mike D. Tokach, Steve S. Dritz, and Joel M. DeRouchey. "117 Determining high-lysine sorghum amino acid digestibility and the effects on nursery pig performance." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.123.

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Abstract Two experiments determined the SID of AA in a high-lysine sorghum cultivar, followed by a growth trial to determine its effects on pig performance using increasing feed-grade AA at the expense of soybean meal. In Exp. 1, ten barrows (initially 25.9 kg) were surgically fitted with a T-cannula at the terminal ileum and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 diets in a 5-period, cross-over design. Experimental diets included a corn-based diet, a diet containing high-lysine sorghum, or two diets with either white or red sorghum cultivars. The fifth experimental diet was N-free to determine endogenous AA loss. In corn, SID CP, lysine, methionine, threonine, and valine were greater (P < 0.020) than sorghum-based diets, with no evidence for differences among the sorghum cultivars. In Exp. 2, a total of 293 pigs (initially 9.6 kg) were used. Dietary treatments were randomly assigned 20 d after weaning and consisted of a corn-based diet, a diet based on conventional sorghum, and 4 diets with high-lysine sorghum with 10 replications/treatment. The corn-based, conventional sorghum, and the first high-lysine sorghum (low) diets each contained the same amount of soybean meal with varying amounts of feed-grade AA. The 3 remaining high-lysine sorghum diets included incrementally increasing amounts of feed-grade AA (low-medium, medium-high, and high), replacing soybean meal. Overall, there was no evidence for differences in ADG or ADFI between treatments. However, pigs fed the high-lysine sorghum with the greatest amount of feed-grade AA had decreased G:F (P = 0.045) compared with those fed other experimental diets. In summary, SID AA values for the high-lysine sorghum in this study were not different from sorghum cultivars; however, these values were all lower when compared with corn. When nursery diets were formulated on an equal SID AA basis, there were no differences in ADG among pigs fed any of the diets.

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2

Bueno, João Paulo Rodrigues, Mara Regina Bueno de Mattos Nascimento, Carolina Magalhães Caires Carvalho, Evandro de Abreu Fernandes, Marina Cruvinel Assunção Silva, Julyana Machado da Silva Martins, and Fernanda Heloisa Litz. "Millet and corn oil in sorghum-based diets for broilers." Ciência Rural 45, no. 12 (September 18, 2015): 2233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20141200.

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ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effects of millet and corn oil additions to sorghum-based diets on the performance, carcass yields and prime cuts (i.e., wings, breasts, thighs and drumsticks) and the relative weights of edible offal (i.e., gizzard, heart, and liver) of broiler chickens. A total of 684 Hubbard Flex chickens, including 342 broilers of each sex, were housed. The design was completely randomized, and the following diets were supplied: A) sorghum and soybean meal + soybean oil (control); B) sorghum and soybean meal + corn oil; and C) sorghum and soybean meal + millet and soybean oil. Six replicates with 38 birds each (19 males and 19 females) were evaluated regarding each experimental diet. At 14, 21, 35 and 42 days of age, the feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion and viability of the chickens were evaluated. At 42 days, the live weight, carcass yield, prime cuts and relative weight of the edible offal were measured. The dietary inclusion of either millet or corn oil did not affect any of the parameters. In conclusion, additions of millet and corn oil to sorghum-based diets of broilers do not compromise poultry performance.

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Akins, Matthew, Elizabeth Remick, Huawei Su, Lingyan Li, Abbey Grisham, and Wayne K. Coblentz. "40 Alternative forages for dairy heifers." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.040.

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Abstract Dairy heifers have moderate energy needs with diets containing high proportions of corn silage, often exceeding needs of pregnant heifers. Use of moderate energy forages to decrease energy and increase NDF content has been successful to control intake and growth of pregnant heifers. Several forages could be used, including cereal grain forages/straws, warm season perennial grasses, sorghum forages, and corn stover. Higher NDF content diets control intake through rumen fill as heifers eat approximately 1% of bodyweight in NDF daily. Research at the University of Wisconsin found reduced intakes and more desirable gains for pregnant heifers fed diets that included either corn stover, wheat straw, or eastern gamagrass (0.8–1.0 kg gain/day) compared with heifers fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet (1.2 kg gain/day). A study feeding alfalfa stemlage also found that heifers had more desirable gains (0.9–1.0 kg/day) when fed diets with stemlage or straw than heifers fed an alfalfa/corn silage diet. Sorghum forages may also work to partially replace corn silage in the forage program, with an opportunity to double-crop with cereal grain forages. Wisconsin studies show that sorghum forages can have similar or greater yields than corn silage when planted in early to mid-June and harvested once in the fall, with sorghums being more responsive to irrigation and nitrogen than corn. Most sorghums had similar or greater yields than corn silage when fertilized at 22–45 kg N/acre or irrigated at 50–75% of levels recommended for corn. A recent study found heifers fed sorghum-sudangrass silage based diets had lower intakes due to higher NDF content leading to more optimal daily gains (0.9 kg/d) than heifers fed a corn silage/alfalfa silage/grass hay diet that had similar protein and energy content, but was lower in NDF content. Use of alternative forages can help control nutrient intake and thus growth, and can also help control costs and improve nutrient/manure management by lowering intakes and forage production costs.

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4

Espinosa, Charmaine D., Lori L. Thomas, Robert D. Goodband, and Hans H. Stein. "PSIII-17 Nutritional value of high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, and corn fed to growing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.306.

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Abstract Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P and digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) in a new variety of high-lysine sorghum is not different from values obtained in conventional sorghum varieties or in corn. In experiment 1, 48 barrows (18.63 ± 0.89 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to 1 of 8 diets. Diets were based on high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, or corn as the sole source of P and these diets either contained no microbial phytase or 500 units/kg of phytase. Feces were collected using the marker to marker approach with 5-d adaptation and 4-d collection periods. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the Mixed Procedure of SAS. Results indicated that phytase supplementation improved (P ≤ 0.05) STTD of P in all ingredients, but the STTD of P in high-lysine sorghum was not different from the STTD of P in other grains (Table 1). In experiment 2, 32 barrows (18.54 ± 0.77 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 diets. Diets contained high-lysine sorghum, red sorghum, white sorghum, or corn as the only energy-containing ingredient. Feces and urine samples were collected using the marker to marker approach with 5-d adaptation and 4-d collection periods. Data were analyzed as explained for Exp. 1. The ATTD of gross energy in high-lysine sorghum was less (P ≤ 0.05) than in corn, but the DE and ME in high-lysine sorghum was not different from corn. In conclusion, supplementation of phytase improved STTD of P in cereal grains, and values for STTD of P, as well as for DE and ME in high-lysine sorghum, were not different from corn, which indicates that high-lysine sorghum can replace corn in swine diets.

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5

Fagundes, Cleber, Evandro De Abreu Fernandes, and Fernanda Heloisa Litz. "Whole and ground grain sorghum and the free choice feeding system in broiler diets." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 1 (February 15, 2019): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p389.

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This experiment evaluates the zootechnical performance, yield of cuts, carcass composition, and intake of metabolizable energy, lysine, and methionine + cystine in male broilers from 21 to 42 days of age fed diets based on whole and ground grain sorghum and corn. A total of 112 birds of the Cobb 500 lineage were divided into 28 cages (four animals per cage) in a completely randomized design with four treatments and seven replications. Treatments consisted of diets based on ground corn and soybean meal (control, T1), ground sorghum and soybean meal (treatment 2, T2), whole grain sorghum and soybean meal (treatment 3, T3), and the diet T3 separated in feeders in the fractions (a) whole grain sorghum and (b) concentrate containing the other ingredients of the mixed feed (free choice feeding) (treatment 4, T4). The variables feed intake, body weight, feed conversion, viability, breast, drumstick and thigh yield , bromatological composition of breast and drumstick + thigh, and daily intakes of metabolizable energy, lysine and methionine + cystine were studied. The whole grain sorghum in diets is viable, contributes to reducing factory and logistics costs in the poultry industry, and promotes the same results of zootechnical performance, yields, and bromatological composition of cuts when compared to diets with ground corn and sorghum. Diets with whole grain sorghum in the free choice feeding system may be a viable alternative because birds sought to meet their daily needs for metabolizable energy and digestible amino acids even in short periods of adaptation to the diets, as demonstrated in the experiment.

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Pan, Long, and Dong An. "Nitrogen utilization is lower for sorghum-based diets compared with corn-based diets in pigs." Livestock Science 237 (July 2020): 104066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104066.

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7

Feoli, C., Terry L. Gugle, S. D. Carter, N. A. Cole, and Joe D. Hancock. "Effects of adding enzymes to diets with corn-and sorghum-based." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 2008): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7030.

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8

Schaumburg, Patrick von, Fei He, Heather Mangian, Jolene Hoke, and Maria R. C. de Godoy. "244 White and red sorghum as primary carbohydrate sources in extruded diets of felines." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.129.

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Abstract The human interest of ancient grains replacing modern carbohydrate sources has reached the pet food market, and there has been increased focus on corn- and wheat-free diets in pet foods. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of white and red sorghum grains on the gastrointestinal health of felines through the determination of apparent total tract macronutrient digestibility (ATTD), fecal characteristics, fermentative end-products, microbiota, and how the sorghum grains compared against a traditionally corn-based diet. Three diets containing 30% corn (CO), 30% white sorghum (WS), or 30% red sorghum (RS) were formulated to meet or exceed the AAFCO (2017) nutritional requirements for felines. Nine male cats were randomly assigned to one of the 3 dietary treatments using a replicated 3x3 Latin square design. Experiment periods consisted of 14 days (10 days of diet adaption + 4 days of total, fresh collection). All diets were highly digested by cats, however, ATTD of dry matter was highest (P < 0.05) for RS (81.13%) and lowest for CO (78.28%), organic matter was greatest (P < 0.05) for RS (86.40%) and lowest for CO (84.15%), crude protein was similar amongst diets with a range of 84.52%-86.57%, acid hydrolyzed fat was similar amongst diets with a range of 91.36%–92.79%, and total dietary fiber was greatest (P < 0.05) in WS (55.96%) with CO being lowest (44.66%). Fecal pH (6.28–6.54) and most metabolites did not differ among diets (P > 0.05), except for phenol/indole concentrations that were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in cats fed RS (178.88 ug/g) compared to CO (240.34 ug/g). Overall, the data gathered suggest that dietary supplementation of WS and RS as carbohydrate sources were well tolerated by the cats. Thus, sorghum is an acceptable alternative to corn in extruded diets of felines.

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9

Oliveira, Maryane, Charmaine Espinosa, Ferdinando Almeida, and Hans H. Stein. "165 Digestibility of energy and dietary fiber by growing pigs and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in corn- or sorghum-based diets without or with microbial enzymes." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_3 (November 2, 2020): 66–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa054.120.

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Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that inclusion of an enzyme premix (xylanase and cellulase) in diets based on corn or sorghum and fed to growing pigs improves the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and total dietary fiber (TDF) and concentration of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME). Two basal diets based on corn and soybean meal or sorghum and soybean meal were formulated. Four additional diets were formulated by adding 40% distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) or 40% wheat middlings to each of the 2 basal diets. Each of these 6 diets were formulated either without or with an enzyme premix that contained xylanase and cellulase. A total of 144 pigs (61.7 ± 5.3 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with 12 diets and 12 replicate pigs per diet. Pigs were housed individually and adapted to the diets for 12-d, then moved to metabolism crates and after 4 d, urine and feces were collected for 5 d. Data were analyzed as 2 × 2 × 3 factorial with 2 types of diets, two enzymes treatments, and three by-product inclusions. The pig was the experimental unit. The ATTD of gross energy (GE), and DE and ME improved (P < 0.01) if enzymes were added to the diets regardless of the grain source or by-product inclusion (Table 1). No effect of enzymes on ATTD of TDF was observed, ATTD of TDF was greater if DDGS rather than wheat middlings was added to the corn diet (grain source × by-product interaction, P < 0.05). In conclusion, addition of enzymes may have the potential to improve the ATTD of GE, and DE and ME in mixed diets based on corn or sorghum and both without and with inclusion of DDGS or wheat middlings. 3Enz = enzyme premix supplied by ADM Animal Nutrition, Quincy, IL, USA.

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Paschoaloto, Josimari R., Laissa A. Guimarães, Ellem Maria A. Matos, and Severino D. Junqueira Villela. "PSXII-22 Performance of Nellore bulls fed with rehydrated corn silage or rehydrated sorghum silage or sorghum grain in substitution of corn grain." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (December 2019): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.831.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the corn grain cracked substitution by sorghum grain, rehydrated corn silage, or rehydrated sorghum silage on animal performance. Thirty-two Nellore bulls initially weighing 324.76 ± 36.0 were used in a completely randomized design distributed in four treatments: corn grain (CG), sorghum grain (SG), rehydrated corn silage (RCS) and rehydrated sorghum silage (RSS). Pen was considered the experimental unit. Response variables included: final body weight (FBW) and dry matter intake (DMI). The basal diet consisted of (DM basis) of 30% sorghum silage as roughage, and 70% of concentrate, consisted of corn grain or sorghum grain or rehydrated corn silage, or rehydrated sorghum silage, soybean hulls, soybean meal, and mineral supplement. The data were analyzed using PROC GLM of SAS and means were compared by Tukey test. Feeding sorghum grain, rehydrated corn silage or rehydrated sorghum silage did not affect the DMI and, consequently, did not affect significantly the final body weight (FBW). The FBW means of each treatment were 444.38, 434.69, 464.22, 443.44, and the DMI were 9.57, 9.23, 9.06, 9.19, respectively to corn grain (CG), sorghum grain (SG), rehydrated corn silage (RCS) and rehydrated sorghum silage (RSS) treatments. It was concluded that diets based on corn grain or sorghum grain, rehydrated or not, can support a similar performance of Nellore bulls finished in feedlot.

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Santos, Sâmela Keila Almeida dos, Flávia De Souza Gomes Crosara, Fernanda Heloísa Litz, Carolina Magalhães Caires Carvalho, Veridiana Aparecida Limão, Lúcio Vilela Carneiro Girão, Ana Luísa Neves Alvarenga Dias, Tatiane Alves de Moraes, Larissa Christine Gosuen Mariano de Souza, and Evandro De Abreu Fernandes. "Crude corn oil with high acidity in broiler feed." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 39, no. 2 (March 15, 2018): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n2p809.

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This study aimed to evaluate crude corn oil with high acidity (CCOHA) as a surrogate for degummed soybean oil (DSO) in broiler diets. The design was completely randomized, with four treatments and ten replicates. Each box contained 40 birds (male), totaling 1600 Cobb Slow birds. Treatments consisted of two sorghum-based diets, one with DSO (SSO) another with CCOHA (SCO), and two corn-based diets, one with DSO (CSO) another with CCOHA (CCO). At 30 days of age, a digestibility test was performed using total excreta collection to determine apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) from test rations. At 42 days of age, we evaluated live weight (LW), feed intake (FI), feed conversion (FC), carcass yield (CY), and the yields of breast with bone and skin (BWBS), skinless boneless breast (SBB), thigh (T), drumstick (D), and wing (W), as well as breast centesimal composition. Neither corn nor sorghum-based diets with CCOHA showed differences between AME and AMEn. Both DSO and CCOHA diets showed no differences in LW, FI, FC, carcass and cuts yields when using CCOHA. Regarding breast composition, no differences in dry matter and in the levels of crude protein, fat, and mineral matter were observed. We may conclude that CCOHA had no effect on the performance variables, carcass and cuts yields, and broiler meat quality.

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Rodriguez, Diego A., Su A. Lee, Mary B. Muckey, Cassandra K. Jones, and Hans H. Stein. "154 Digestibility of amino acids, fiber, and energy, and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in conventional and extruded yellow dent corn, wheat, and sorghum fed to growing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.155.

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Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of extrusion on energy and nutrient digestibility in corn, wheat, and sorghum fed to growing pigs. In Exp. 1, 6 diets based on raw or extruded sources of each grain and an N-free diet were formulated. Seven barrows (14.2 ± 0.9 kg) had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum and were allotted to a 7 × 7 Latin square. Ileal digesta were collected for 2 d after 5 d of adaptation. Results indicated that extruded grains had greater (P < 0.001) apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch than non-extruded grains. Extrusion increased standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of all AA except Pro in corn, but SID of AA in wheat and sorghum was not affected by extrusion (Table 1). In Exp. 2, 48 barrows (15.1 ± 3.7 kg) were allotted to 6 diets based on each of the 6 grains. Pigs were housed individually in metabolism crates and feces and urine were collected quantitatively for 5 d after 5 d of adaptation. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE increased by extrusion of corn or sorghum, but that was not the case for wheat (interaction, P < 0.001). The ATTD of NDF was reduced by extrusion of wheat, but not of corn or sorghum (interaction, P < 0.001). Extrusion reduced (P < 0.05) the ATTD of ADF in all grains. Values for ME were greater in extruded corn and sorghum compared with non-extruded grains, but ME in wheat was not affected by extrusion (interaction, P < 0.001). In conclusion, extrusion of corn, wheat, and sorghum increased AID of starch and SID of all indispensable AA. The ME in corn and sorghum was also increased.

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Moura, A. M. A., T. V. Melo, and D. J. A. Miranda. "Synthetic pigments for Japanese quail fed diets with sorghum." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, no. 4 (August 2016): 1007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8167.

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ABSTRACT Corn is the major energy ingredient in diets, and many ingredients have been tested aiming to replace it. In this regard, sorghum stands out for its chemical profile similar to that of corn. However, because it is low in carotenoids, its inclusion in diets reduces the egg yolk color pigmentation, which can be corrected by the addition of synthetic pigments. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and egg quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) supplemented with red (canthaxanthin) and yellow (apo-ester 10%) synthetic pigments. A total of 150 quail at 70 days of age were distributed according to the experimental diet [R1: corn-based control diet (DC); R2: sorghum-based diet (DS); R3: DS + yellow; R4: DS + yellow + red; and R5: DS + red] with six replications and five birds per experimental unit, for 28 days. Performance, egg quality, yolk color, and feed cost characteristics were evaluated. Regression equations were estimated for the effects of color as a function of periods, and treatment means were compared by Tukey's test at 0.05 probability. There was no significant effect (P>0.05) of additives on the quail productive traits. However, addition of synthetic pigments significantly improved the chromatic profile of the yolks (P<0.05). Inclusion of synthetic pigments improves yolk color, but should be evaluated according to market demands.

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Agunbiade, O. M., P. A. Onimisi, and J. J. Omage. "Performance of Laying Hens Fed Sorghum Based Diets Supplemented with Enzymes." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 1 (January 27, 2021): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i1.2763.

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Sorghum is the primary alternative feedstuff for corn in some developed countries in the production of poultry. Thus, four hundred and fifty 32 weeks old Lohmann Brown laying hens were used in a study to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with sorghum with or without enzymes supplementation, on egg laying performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. Birds were distributed randomly into six dietary treatments with three replicates per treatment, each replicate had 25 birds with uniform initial group weights. The treatments included maize without enzymes (T1); sorghum without enzymes (T2); as controls respectively, while T3, T4, T5, and T6 contained sorghum based diets with phytase, protease, G2G, and a combination of protease and G2G respectively. Laying performance, cost of production, and egg quality characteristics were determined for the period of the trial, 33-56 weeks of age of the birds. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, using the completely randomized design (CRD) and significant differences among treatment means were compared using the Tukey test. Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed among dietary treatments but with no defined trend observed for egg production traits. Daily feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in maize control diet compared to the other treatments. Diets supplemented with phytase (T3), protease (14), and combination of protease and roxazyme G2G (T6) had significantly (p<0.05) better feed conversion ratio with T3 having the lowest value of 4.01 compared to the other treatments. For feed cost/dozen egg (N), Kg feed/dozen eggs, income above feed cost at N30 per egg, and income above control treatment; phytase (T3), protease (T4), roxazyme 626 (T5), and protease + roxacyme G2G (T6) diets in this study showed better performance than the control. Sorghum diet without enzyme had significantly (p<0.05) least performance for egg number. Hen housed egg production (HHP) and hen day egg production (HDP) compared to the other treatments while sorghum diet with phytase had the highest value (60.12g/day) for average egg weight compared to the other treatments. Egg quality characteristics showed the best performance for dietary treatments supplemented with phytase (T3) in all the other parameters considered, apart from the albumen height, yolk diameter, and yolk index. It was concluded therefore, that sorghum with phytase and protease supplementations can be used in layers' diets as a substitute for maize for optimum egg production.

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Agunbiade, O. M., P. A. Onimisi, and J. J. Omage. "Performance of Laying Hens Fed Sorghum Based Diets Supplemented with Enzymes." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 43, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v43i2.961.

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Sorghum is the primary alternative feedstuff for corn in some developed countries in the production of poultry. Thus, four hundred and fifty 32 weeks old Lohmann Brown laying hens were used in a study to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with sorghum with or without enzymes supplementation, on egg laying performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. Birds were distributed randomly into six dietary treatments with three replicates per treatment, each replicate had 25 birds with uniform initial group weights. The treatments included maize without enzymes (T1); sorghum without enzymes (T2); as controls respectively, while T3, T4, T5, and T6 contained sorghum based diets with phytase, protease, G2G, and a combination of protease and G2G respectively. Laying performance, cost of production, and egg quality characteristics were determined for the period of the trial, 33 -56 weeks of age of the birds. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, using the completely randomized design (CRD) and significant differences among treatment means were compared using the Tukey test. Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed among dietary treatments but with no defined trend observed for egg production traits. Daily feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in maize control diet compared to the other treatments. Diets supplemented with phytase (T3), protease (T4), and combination of protease and roxazyme G2G (T6) had significantly (p<0.05) better feed conversion ratio with T3 having the lowest value of 4.01 compared to the other treatments. For feed cost/dozen egg (N), Kg feed/dozen eggs, income above feed cost at N30 per egg, and income above control treatment; phytase (T3), protease (T4), roxazyme G2G (T5), and protease + roxazyme G2G (T6) diets in this study showed better performance than the control. Sorghum diet without enzyme had significantly (p<0.05) least performance for egg number, Hen housed egg production (HHP) and hen day egg production (HDP) compared to the other treatments while sorghum diet with phytase had the highest value (60.12g/day) for average egg weight compared to the other treatments. Egg quality characteristics showed the best performance for dietary treatments supplemented with phytase (T3) in all the other parameters considered, apart from the albumen height, yolk diameter, and yolk index. It was concluded therefore, that sorghum with phytase and protease supplementations can be used in layers' diets as a substitute for maize for optimum egg production.

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Souza, Carla Giselly de, Severino Gonzaga Neto, Lara Toledo Henriques, Gherman Garcia Leal Araújo, Luciana Thie Seki Dias, and Ana Jaqueline Cavalcante Muniz. "Performance and blood parameters of Holstein/Zebu crossbred heifers fed with two tannins sources." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): e128922150. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i2.2150.

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The present research objective was to evaluate the performance and blood parameters of lactating cows fed with a diet of two tannin sources, based on sorghum (condensed tannin) with increasing concentrations of tannic acid (hydrolyzable tannin’s). Increasing levels of tannic acid in a sorghum-based diet for five Holstein/Zebu crossbred lactating cows were subject to a 5 × 5 Latin square experimental design. To assess the effect on cow intake, digestibility, milk production, and blood parameters. All cows received 9.87 kg/DM of corn silage as roughage and 6.38 kg of concentrate consisting of 2.58 kg/DM of ground sorghum 0.87 kg/DM of cornmeal 1.32 kg/DM of soybean bran 0.44 kg/DM of wheat bran 0.2 kg/ DM of urea and 0.18 kg/ DM of mineral mixture. Diet 1 (control) contained low-tannin sorghum and the other diets contained high-tannin sorghum. The levels of tannic acid added to the diets were established based on the quantity of condensed tannin in high-tannin sorghum. Thus, diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 were supplemented with 1.5g (13.%DM), 79.5g (2.6%DM), 157.5g (3.9%DM) and 235.5g (5.2%DM) of tannic acid, totalling 0.078, 0.156, 0.234 and 0.321 total tannin kg/day respectively, to assess the effect on microbial protein synthesis. The diets contained 35 kg of corn silage (roughage) and 6.40 kg of concentrate. The natural and dry matter intake did not significantly differ between groups, except for ether extract (EE) intake that significantly differed. The DM apparent digestibility, crude protein, EE, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrate, and non-fibrous carbohydrate did not differ (P > 0.05) with the increase in dietary tannin supplementation. The GOT levels increased linearly. The blood glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol (total, LDL and HDL) levels did not significantly differ. Hemoglobin showed a significant difference. No significant difference in urea, creatinine and uric acid occurred. Diets using two tannins sources supplementation caused no decrease in the dietary intake or digestibility in the animals. The GOT level changed significantly, showing linear behavior, however below the toxicity level, without any change in the other blood parameters. Milk production decreased with the increase in dietary tannin supplementation.

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OLIVEIRA, Maria Cristina de, Wanessa Dutra da SILVA, Higor Castro OLIVEIRA, Eduardo de Queiroz Barros MOREIRA, Larissa de Oliveira FERREIRA, Yeury de Sousa GOMES, and Marcos Aurélio Proto de SOUZA JUNIOR. "Paprika and/or marigold extracts in diets for laying hens." Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal 18, no. 2 (June 2017): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-99402017000200008.

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SUMMARY This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of paprika and marigold extracts in sorghum-based rations on the productivity and egg quality of laying hens. One hundred sixty laying hens were distributed in a completely randomized design in five treatments and in a factorial arrangement (2 × 2 + 1), one control ration based on corn, two levels of paprika extract (0 and 6 g/kg diet), and two levels of marigold extract (0 and 1 g/kg diet) in sorghum-based rations. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the treatments on the weight, specific weight, and Haugh unit of the eggs and productive performance, but the inclusion of paprika extract resulted in eggs with lower egg pH. The interaction between the control group and the factorial was significant (P < 0.05) to the laying rate, egg mass, and yolk color, whose values were lower with sorghum-based diets with no pigment compared to control treatment. The interaction between the paprika and marigold extracts was significant increasing the height (P < 0.03) and color (P < 0.0001) of the yolk when paprika extract was used, with or without marigold extract. Marigold extract inclusion reduced the percentage (P < 0.02) and thickness (P < 0.01) of the eggshell. As conclusion, the inclusion of paprika extract in sorghum-based diets for laying hens is viable for improving the egg quality.

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Pecka-Kiełb, Ewa, Dorota Miśta, Bożena Króliczewska, Andrzej Zachwieja, Maja Słupczyńska, Barbara Król, and Józef Sowiński. "Changes in the In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation of Diets for Dairy Cows Based on Selected Sorghum Cultivars Compared to Maize, Rye and Grass Silage." Agriculture 11, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11060492.

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An in vitro experiment was conducted to determine the impact of silage produced from selected varieties of sorghum on the microbial fermentation profile of cows’ ruminal fluid. To determine the main microbial fermentation products, ruminal fluid samples were obtained from Polish Holstein–Friesian cows. Serum bottles were filled with 80 mL of ruminal samples, and 1 g of one of the following substrates was added: corn silage (CS), grass silage (GS), rye silage (RS), sorghum silage (sweet) (SS1), sorghum silage (grain) (SS2) or sorghum silage (dual-purpose) (SS3). The serum bottles were flushed with CO2 and fermented for 8 and 24 h at 39 °C. After incubation, the obtained gas and rumen fluid were then analysed to determine the methane and volatile fatty acid (VFA) contents using gas chromatography. The use of sorghum silage (SS) resulted in a decrease in the total concentration VFA concentration in the ruminal fluid compared with the use of other silages, especially GS. Moreover, the ruminal fluid contained a lower molar proportion of propionic and butyric acids when SS was used compared with CS. The butyric acid proportion was higher in SS samples than in RS samples. The differences in chemical composition between sorghum varieties did not influence the rumen VFA concentration or profile. A decrease in gas production, but without effects on methanogenesis, was observed when SS was used compared with GS and CS. The analysis demonstrates the physiological processes of fermentation in the rumen, as evidenced by the products of microbial fermentation. The main advantage is that the addition of SS, irrespective of the plant variety, reduced fermentation gas production in the ruminal fluid compared with CS. The silage of the analyzed sorghum varieties may be used in the diets of dairy cows as a substitute for corn and grass silages.

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Miranda, Adélia P., Jorge de Lucas Junior, Maria C. Thomaz, Gener T. Pereira, and Ellen H. Fukayama. "Anaerobic biodigestion of pigs feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages fed with diets formulated with corn or sorghum." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 1 (February 2012): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000100006.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality and the production of biogas and biofertilizer obtained from biodigester supplied with pig feces in the initial, growing and finishing stages, fed with diets formulated based on corn or sorghum. Twenty bench biodigesters were used with hydraulic retention time of 30 days and daily loads that contained 4 to 6% of total solids (TS) and 3.6 to 5.2% of volatile solids (VS). In the effluent of the biodigesters, mean levels of TS were observed ranging between 1.6 and 2.0% and of VS between 1.2 and 1.6%. The mean reductions of TS were 57.7 to 64.7% and of VS from 61.7 to 69.0%, and there was only difference in the finishing phase, in which the major averages reductions were produced by the biodigesters supplied with feces from animals fed with diets based on corn. In biodigesters supplied with feces from animals in the initial and growing stages fed with diets based on corn, were observed higher average productions of biogas and the greatest average potentials of biogas production. The average potentials obtained were 0.033; 0.181; 0.685; 0.788 and 1.132 m³ per kg of affluent, manure, TS added, VS added and VS reduced, respectively. No differences were found on the average content of methane in the biogas between diets and stages. The average concentrations of nutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in the biodigester affluent and effluent, ranged between diets and stages.

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Pimentel-Mani, Iana, Maria C. Oliveira, Sarah CO Lima-Dóro, Poliana Carneiro-Martins, and Marcos AP Souza-Júnior. "Nutritional value and inclusion levels of residual annatto seed meal in diets for Japanese quails." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 33, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v33n2a03.

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Background: Residual annatto seed meal (RASM) is a byproduct after extraction of bixin in the cosmetic industry and may be used in animal diets. Objective: Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritive value and effect of RASM inclusion levels in the diets of Japanese quails. Methods: For the digestibility experiment, 160 Japanese quails were distributed in a randomized study with two treatments and 10 replicates with eight birds each. The treatments consisted of a reference diet and a test diet containing 75% of the reference diet and 25% of RASM. For the performance assay, 192 Japanese quails were used in a randomized study with six treatments and four replicates with eight birds each. Treatments consisted of a control corn-based diet (Contr1) and another diet based on sorghum + canthaxanthin (Contr2), and four diets based on sorghum with increasing inclusion levels of RASM (0, 3, 6, and 9%). Results: Digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, metabolization coefficient of gross energy, and retention of calcium and phosphorus were 41.05, 43.12, 47.97, 25.49, and 30.35%, respectively. RASM inclusion did not influence bird productivity; however, feed conversion worsened in treatments with 0–6% RASM inclusion relative to that in Contr1. Yolk color increased due to RASM treatment. Conclusion: RASM may be included in sorghum-based diets for quails at 9%, with improvement in yolk color and no negative effects on productivity and egg quality.

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Pan, L., and D. An. "Comparative energy and nitrogen excretion from growing pigs fed on corn, sorghum and wheat-based diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 264 (June 2020): 114477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114477.

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Morales, J., J. F. Pérez, M. D. Baucells, J. Mourot, and J. Gasa. "Comparative digestibility and lipogenic activity in Landrace and Iberian finishing pigs fed ad libitum corn- and corn–sorghum–acorn-based diets." Livestock Production Science 77, no. 2-3 (November 2002): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00063-5.

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Jordan, Kyle E., Jeremiah E. Nemechek, Marcio Antonio Dornelles Goncalves, Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Steven S. Dritz, Joel M. DeRouchey, and Jason C. Woodworth. "Effects of increasing crystalline amino acids in sorghum- or corn-based diets on nursery pig growth performance." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 2014): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6917.

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Sousa, R. F., F. B. Carvalho, I. G. Guimarães, M. B. Café, J. H. Stringhini, C. J. Ulhôa, H. Oliveira, and N. S. M. Leandro. "The effect of hydrothermal processing on the performance of broiler chicks fed corn or sorghum-based diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 277 (July 2021): 114953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114953.

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Wiseman, Aksel, Andrea K. Watson, Rick Stock, and Terry J. Klopfenstein. "77 Evaluation of Models Used to Predict Dry Matter Intake in Forage-Based Diets." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab054.194.

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Abstract Data from experiments conducted at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln were pooled to compare predicted and observed dry matter intake (DMI) of growing cattle consuming foraged-based diets (corn silage, grass, alfalfa, or sorghum-hay) to determine the accuracy of current modeling systems. Experiments (n = 22) were a minimum of 84 days and included individually fed calves using the Calan gate system with 8 to 12 calves per treatment mean or pen-fed calves with 8 to 12 head per pen. Average body weight (BW) of calves ranged from 235 to 397 kg with average daily gain (ADG) between 0.16 and 1.65 kg. Cattle were fed ad libitum and mid-point BW and ADG were entered into the Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements Model (2016) to determine predicted DMI. Simple regression was used to compare predicted and observed DMI to determine the accuracy of the prediction model. Ninety-three treatment means were evaluated and were separated into three categories: hay-based diets (n = 24), hay-based diets with distillers grains (n = 31), and corn silage-based diets (n =38). The model for observed versus predicted DMI was significant (P < 0.05; R2 = 0.09) when comparing all means but had a poor R2. The model was the best at predicting DMI for forage-based diets (P < 0.08; R2 = 0.22). Observed and predicted DMI were regressed along TDN values, calculated using book values and digestion studies. As TDN increased, observed DMI increased linearly (P < 0.01) and predicted DMI had a quadratic response (P < 0.01), increasing up to 63% and then decreasing with increasing TDN. The model over predicted DMI intake for TDN < 63% and under predicted DMI in forage-based diets greater than 63% TDN. Further development of the current modeling system through addition of intake data from forage fed growing cattle is needed

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Sotak, K. M., Robert D. Goodband, Michael D. Tokach, Joel M. DeRouchey, Jim L. Nelssen, and Steven S. Dritz. "The effects of corn- or sorghum-based diets with or without sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles on lactating sow and litter performance." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 2012): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.7110.

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Cardoso-Gutiérrez, Eduardo, Alondra Cristel Narváez-López, Lizbeth E. Robles-Jiménez, Andrés Morales Osorio, María de Guadalupe Gutierrez-Martinez, Heidi Leskinen, Marcello Mele, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, and Manuel González-Ronquillo. "Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Milk Composition of Dairy Ewes Supplemented with Crushed Sunflower Seeds and Sunflower Seed Silage in Corn Silage-Based Diets." Animals 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122354.

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This study determined production performance, nutrient digestibility, and milk composition of dairy ewes supplemented with crushed sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus) and sunflower seed silage in corn silage-based diets. Six ewes were grouped in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods of 21 days. All treatments were based on ad libitum corn silage. Control diet was based on alfalfa hay (333 g/kg DM), sorghum grain (253 g/kg DM), triticale grain (200 g/kg DM), soybean meal (167 g /kg DM), and vitamin and mineral premix (47 g/kg DM). Sunflower seeds (SF) and sunflower seed silage (SFS) treatments consisted of alfalfa hay (333 g/kg DM), sorghum grain (267 g/kg DM), triticale grain (100 g/kg DM), soybean meal (167 g /kg DM), SF or SFS (87 g/kg DM) and vitamin and mineral premix (47 g/kg DM). Compared to control, SF and SFS increased intake and digestibility of fiber components, such as neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Body weight, nitrogen balance, milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, lactose yield and milk urea N were similar between treatments. Overall, results demonstrated that crushed sunflower seeds and ensiled seeds do not change significantly productive parameters of dairy sheep.

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Traylor, S. L., Robert H. Hines, D. J. Lee, S. L. Johnston, P. Sorrell, Joe D. Hancock, and Keith C. Behnke. "Expander processing conditions affect nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs fed corn-, sorghum-, wheat-, and wheat midds-based diets." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 1998): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6575.

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Córdova-Noboa, H. A., E. O. Oviedo-Rondón, A. H. Sarsour, J. Barnes, P. Ferzola, M. Rademacher-Heilshorn, and U. Braun. "Performance, meat quality, and pectoral myopathies of broilers fed either corn or sorghum based diets supplemented with guanidinoacetic acid." Poultry Science 97, no. 7 (July 2018): 2479–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps/pey096.

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Spicer, Lawson A., C. Brent Theurer, Jabel Sowe, and T. H. Noon. "Ruminal and Post-Ruminal Utilization of Nitrogen and Starch from Sorghum Grain-, Corn- and Barley-Based Diets by Beef Steers." Journal of Animal Science 62, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas1986.622521x.

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Temiraev, R., and M. Farnieva. "The influence of diets enriched with vitamin E and Hadox drug on the meat productivity of quails." Kormlenie sel'skohozjajstvennyh zhivotnyh i kormoproizvodstvo (Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production), no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-05-2003-05.

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In recent decades, the quail industry has become a promising direction in industrial poultry farming in our country. The basis of full-fledged compound feed of meat poultry is grain cereals (corn, barley, sorghum, etc.) and legumes (soy, peas, castor-oil plant, etc.). However, due to the high concentration of lipids in the grain of some of these crops and compound feed in general if storage in conditions are violated, feeding them to quails in large quantities can lead to the accumulation of peroxides in them and activation of lipid peroxidation processes in the body. The mechanism of action of antioxidants is to activate the body’s anti-radical defense, because these drugs are able to effectively prevent “oxidative stress” by neutralizing free oxygen radicals. Without antioxidants due to the high activity of free radicals in the bird’s body the processes of oxidation of phospholipids of cell membranes are activated, which leads to the destruction of the structure of the DNA molecule and gene mutations. Therefore, natural and synthetic feed preparations of antioxidants, which differ in synergism of action with a wide range of dietary additives on metabolic processes, have become more actively used in poultry nutrition. The purpose of the research was to study the influence of barley-sorghum-soy-type diets enriched with antioxidant preparations Hadox and vitamin E on meat productivity, nutritional and biological value of meat, the state of metabolism in the body of quails reared for meat. Under the conditions of the North Caucasus the expediency of joint feeding of feed antioxidants vitamin E and Hadox to quails grown for meat has been experimentally proved and scientifically justified, when using diets based on barley grain, sorghum and soy of local production, to increase meat productivity, increase their nutritional and biological value of meat and intensify metabolic processes. Thus, in order to increase the economic effectiveness of quail meat production in the North Caucasus the formulation of compound feed based on barley, sorghum and soy of local production should be input together the antioxidant preparations vitamin E at the dose of 25 thousand IU/t of feed and Hadox at the dose of 150 g/t of feed.

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Johnston, S. L., J. D. Hancock, R. H. Hines, G. A. Kennedy, S. L. Traylor, B. J. Chae, and In K. Han. "Effects of Expander Conditioning of Corn- and Sorghum-Based Diets on Pellet Quality and Performance in Finishing Pigs and Lactating Sows." Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 12, no. 4 (June 1, 1999): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1999.565.

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Johnston, S. L., Robert H. Hines, G. A. Kennedy, C. A. Maloney, S. L. Traylor, S. P. Sorrell, Joe D. Hancock, and Keith C. Behnke. "Effects of expander conditioning of corn- and sorghum-based diets on pellet quality and performance in finishing pigs and lactating sows." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 1998): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6560.

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Larraín, R. E., D. M. Schaefer, M. P. Richards, and J. D. Reed. "Finishing steers with diets based on corn, high-tannin sorghum or a mix of both: Color and lipid oxidation in beef." Meat Science 79, no. 4 (August 2008): 656–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2007.10.032.

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Sotak-Peper, K. M., R. D. Goodband, M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. M. DeRouchey, and J. L. Nelssen. "The effects of corn- or sorghum-based diets with or without sorghum dried distillers grains with solubles on lactating-sow and litter performance11The authors thank the United Sorghum Checkoff Program for partial financial support." Professional Animal Scientist 31, no. 3 (June 2015): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/pas.2014-01352.

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Duff, G. C., K. J. Malcolm-Callis, M. L. Galyean, and D. A. Walker. "Effects of dietary urea concentration on performance and health of receiving cattle and performance and carcass characteristics of finishing cattle." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a02-100.

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Effects of urea concentration for receiving and finishing cattle were examined. In exp.1, 197 newly received beef steers (188 kg) were used, and treatments included 0, 0.5, or 1.0% urea [dry matter (DM) basis] in a 70 or 75% concentrate (steamflaked corn-based) diet. A quadratic response (P < 0.05) was observed for dry matter intake (DMI) of concentrate and total DMI during days 0 to 14 with DMI lower for 0.5% urea. A quadratic (P < 0.10) increase in gain:feed for 0.5% urea was noted during days 15 to 28 and days 0 to 28. Urea concentration did not affect bovine respiratory disease (BRD) morbidity. In exp. 2, 235 yearling beef steers (379 kg) and 126 yearling beef heifers (346 kg) were used to evaluate 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 1.75% urea concentrations in a steam-flaked sorghum grain-based diet. Average daily gain (ADG) (1.44, 1.48, 1.51, 1.47, and 1.43 kg for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 1.75% urea, respectively), DMI (9.4, 9.3, 9.6, 9.4, kg and 9.2 for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 1.75% urea, respectively), and gain:feed (0.153, 0.160, 0.157, 0.157, and 0.157 for 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 or 1.75% urea, respectively) did not differ (P > 0.10) among treatments for the overall experiment. No major differences were noted for carcass characteristics. Optimum level of dietary urea for newly received beef cattle fed 70 to 75% concentrate diets is approximately 0.5% of the DM for maximum feed efficiency and added urea concentrations did not alter performance or carcass characteristics to a great extent with steam-flaked sorghum grain-based finishing diets. Key words: Beef cattle, urea, health, performance, carcass quality

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Gautam, K. K., S. J. Trojan, J. O. Sarturi, and M. A. Ballou. "1435 Lactation performance, in situ degradability, and rumen fermentation of Holstein cows fed BMR-6 sorghum silage versus corn silage based diets." Journal of Animal Science 94, suppl_5 (October 1, 2016): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jam2016-1435.

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Berry, Elaine D., James E. Wells, Vincent H. Varel, Kristin E. Hales, and Norasak Kalchayanand. "Persistence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Total Escherichia coli in Feces and Feedlot Surface Manure from Cattle Fed Diets with and without Corn or Sorghum Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles." Journal of Food Protection 80, no. 8 (July 1, 2017): 1317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-17-018.

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ABSTRACT Feeding corn wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS) to cattle can increase the load of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in feces and on hides, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of these experiments was to examine a role for the persistence of E. coli O157:H7 in the feces and feedlot pen surfaces of cattle fed WDGS. In the first study, feces from steers fed 0, 20, 40, or 60% corn WDGS were inoculated with E. coli O157:H7. The E. coli O157:H7 numbers in feces from cattle fed 0% corn WDGS rapidly decreased (P < 0.05), from 6.28 to 2.48 log CFU/g of feces by day 14. In contrast, the E. coli O157:H7 numbers in feces from cattle fed 20, 40, and 60% corn WDGS were 4.21, 5.59, and 6.13 log CFU/g of feces, respectively, on day 14. A second study evaluated the survival of E. coli O157:H7 in feces from cattle fed 0 and 40% corn WDGS. Feces were collected before and 28 days after the dietary corn was switched from high-moisture corn to dry-rolled corn. Within dietary corn source, the pathogen persisted at higher concentrations (P < 0.05) in 40% corn WDGS feces at day 7 than in 0% WDGS. For 40% corn WDGS feces, E. coli O157:H7 persisted at higher concentrations (P < 0.05) at day 7 in feces from cattle fed high-moisture corn (5.36 log CFU/g) than from those fed dry-rolled corn (4.27 log CFU/g). The percentage of WDGS had no effect on the E. coli O157:H7 counts in feces from cattle fed steam-flaked corn-based diets containing 0, 15, and 30% sorghum WDGS. Greater persistence of E. coli O157:H7 on the pen surfaces of animals fed corn WDGS was not demonstrated, although these pens had a higher prevalence of the pathogen in the feedlot surface manure after the cattle were removed. Both or either the greater persistence and higher numbers of E. coli O157:H7 in the environment of cattle fed WDGS may play a part in the increased prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in cattle by increasing the transmission risk.

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Larraín, R. E., D. M. Schaefer, S. C. Arp, J. R. Claus, and J. D. Reed. "Finishing steers with diets based on corn, high-tannin sorghum, or a mix of both: Feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and beef sensory attributes1." Journal of Animal Science 87, no. 6 (June 1, 2009): 2089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0433.

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Benz, J. M., Michael D. Tokach, Jim L. Nelssen, Joel M. DeRouchey, Robert D. Goodband, and Steven S. Dritz. "Effects of increasing added choice white grease in corn and sorghum-based diets on growth performance and fat quality characteristics of finishing pigs." Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports, no. 10 (January 1, 2007): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/2378-5977.6976.

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Buttrey, E. K., K. H. Jenkins, F. T. McCollum, N. A. Cole, L. O. Tedeschi, and J. C. MacDonald. "Effects of sorghum wet distillers grains plus solubles in steam-flaked corn–based finishing diets on steer performance, carcass characteristics, and digestibility characteristics." Professional Animal Scientist 32, no. 6 (December 2016): 768–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/pas.2016-01530.

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De la Llata, M., S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and J. L. Nelssen. "Effects of increasing -lysine HCl in corn- or sorghum-soybean meal-based diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs." Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 9 (2002): 2420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/2002.8092420x.

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Benz, J. M., M. D. Tokach, S. S. Dritz, J. L. Nelssen, J. M. DeRouchey, R. C. Sulabo, and R. D. Goodband. "Effects of increasing choice white grease in corn- and sorghum-based diets on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fat quality characteristics of finishing pigs1." Journal of Animal Science 89, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3033.

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Bernard, J. K., and S. Tao. "Lactating dairy cows fed diets based on corn silage plus either brown midrib forage sorghum or brown midrib pearl millet silage have similar performance." Applied Animal Science 36, no. 1 (February 2020): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15232/aas.2019-01950.

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De la Llata, M., S. S. Dritz, M. D. Tokach, R. D. Goodband, and J. L. Nelssen. "Effects of increasing L-lysine HCl in corn- or sorghum-soybean meal-based diets on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs12." Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 9 (September 1, 2002): 2420–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ansci/80.9.2420.

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da Silva, Julio C. B., N. Andy Cole, Christian H. Ponce, Doug R. Smith, L. Wayne Greene, Greta Schuster, and Mike S. Brown. "Effects of supplemental fat concentration on feeding logistics, animal performance, and nutrient losses of heifers fed finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn and sorghum-based distiller’s grains." Journal of Animal Science 97, no. 6 (April 15, 2019): 2583–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz130.

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Chen, Jun, Yijiang Wang, Jinming You, Jiaming Chen, Min Tian, Fang Chen, Shihai Zhang, and Wutai Guan. "Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product on the nutrient digestibility and ileal digesta characteristics of cannulated growing pigs fed corn- or barley-sorghum-based diets." Animal Feed Science and Technology 274 (April 2021): 114887. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114887.

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Yang, Y., G. Ferreira, B. A. Corl, and B. T. Campbell. "Production performance, nutrient digestibility, and milk fatty acid profile of lactating dairy cows fed corn silage- or sorghum silage-based diets with and without xylanase supplementation." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 3 (March 2019): 2266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-15801.

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Xu, X., H. L. Wang, L. Pan, X. K. Ma, Q. Y. Tian, Y. T. Xu, S. F. Long, Z. H. Zhang, and X. S. Piao. "Effects of coated proteases on the performance, nutrient retention, gut morphology and carcass traits of broilers fed corn or sorghum based diets supplemented with soybean meal." Animal Feed Science and Technology 223 (January 2017): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.10.015.

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MISIR, R., and R. BLAIR. "BIOTIN BIOAVAILABILITY FROM PROTEIN SUPPLEMENTS AND CEREAL GRAINS FOR WEANLING PIGS." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 68, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 523–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas88-058.

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Abstract:

The biological availability of biotin in canola meal (CM), cereal grain, cereal grain plus CM, and soybean meal (SBM) was estimated, using 140 pigs in the 10- to 20-kg weight range. In exp. I, pigs (six/treatment) were individually housed and fed a basal casein-cornstarch diet with 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 or 250 μg d-biotin kg−1 to generate data for a dose-response curve based on plasma biotin concentration. Other pigs were fed CM, SBM or soyprotein isolate (SPI) included in the diet. In exp. II, pigs were housed in pairs and four pairs were fed diets based on cereal grain or cereal grain plus CM. Results (exp. I) showed a higher correlation between daily biotin intake and plasma biotin (r = 0.835, P < 0.01) than on growth rate (r = 0.627, P < 0.05). The regression for plasma biotin (Y) on biotin intake (X) computed from the linear portion of the curve (i.e., 0-200 μg added biotin kg−1) was[Formula: see text]Biotin bioavailability in various feedstuffs was highest for corn (101.2%), followed by SBM (85.5%), CM (70.9%), and wheat (33.3%), triticale (25.9%), sorghum (25.1%) and barley (24.0%). Key words: Biotin bioavailability, protein supplements, cereal grains, swine

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