Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Différence des sexes'
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Krier, Isabelle. "Différence des sexes et scepticisme chez Montaigne." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1016.
Full textThis study is indebted to recent works about gender, object of thought which is still not well-known in France. Why Montaigne ? Is his discourse on women a simple reflexion on the mentalities of the Renaissance or does it constitute an heterodoxy ? The difference of sexes acquires in the Essays a singular philosophical content. This originality cannot be understood if a deep link between these themes and modern scepticism is not taken into account. Montaigne approaches this problem as a part of the criticism of power. He questions the preconceived ideas. He writes a satire of the traditional authoritarian family. The change is considerable. It consists mainly on defending the freedom of the subject. For the sceptic, imagination plays a considerable role, in the light of the appartenance to a gender. Denouncing the power of scholars, Montaigne offers a new pedagogy which does not exclude females. The criticism of despotism leads to an economy of transmission and sharing. The Inquisition trials against the witches show abuses of reason and of politics. Montaigne opposes to them clemency. Generosity characterizes the sceptical ethics. It has the effect of liberating the marriage of hypocritical conventions. It is found in erotics as a form of respect of alterity. Are we capable today of hearing this urge to freedom without reducing it ?
Baudino, Claudie. "Politique de la langue et différence sexuelle." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090032.
Full textPrévot, Charlotte. "Phénoménologie de la différence des sexes dans la production des espaces." Paris 8, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA083112.
Full textThe question of space, as generic term, takes all its power in its confrontation with the multiple other from a feminist point of view. The leitmotiv of Virginia woolf, to find "a room with oneself", beyond the space image, tends to release a social reality of division between private and public spaces, like an economic reality of autonomous space and space of the tender, a physical reality of the delimitation of the symbolic territories. However, how my own space can continue to exist when it enters in connection with total social space and in the same time with the particular space of the other ? Since a feminist prospect, the "different" term takes a particular direction then pointing out the apostasic quality of the figure of the woman, the woman being as the absolute deviation. Since the reflexions on the otherness carried out the feminist postcolonialist thinkers, we will consider the definition of the subject to lead to a political thought of the "being-between-subjects". We, trough the stydy of several militant and feminist groups, tried to highlight these collective practices in their faculty at being an agency of emancipation. It will act then, to take again the expression of michel Foucault, to show of them the "signs of existence" like as many pratical incarnations of process of collective emancipations. The choice to cross the fields of history of art, esthetic, art critic to the fields more strictly philosophical, policy or sociological is based on a will to propose the effective reality of the occurrences of art and of the system which it develops
Fondimare, Elsa. "L'impossible indifférenciation : le principe d'égalité dans ses rapports à la différence des sexes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100070.
Full textMany political and legal discourses express today the fear that the equality principle would threaten the difference of sexes. Reforms such as the opening of marriage to same-sex couples, the fight against gender stereotypes or the facilitation of the sex reassignment procedure, generated strong reactions that offer vigorous resistance in order to maintain the difference of sexes in law. It is true that the equality principle has been constructed, throughout the 20thcentury, as an exigence of neutrality between the sexes, particularly through the statement of the non-discrimination principle. Therefore, the link between the equality principle and the difference of sexes has been built as a relation of opposition. However, such a political project comes up against the impossibility for the law to put an end to the difference of sexes. In fact, the law cannot depart from gender, for two main reasons: firstly, the law takes into account the difference of sexes in order to tackle inequalities; secondly, the law itself produces the difference of sexes, through the rules dealing with civil status and filiation. The relations between the equality principle and the difference of sexes appear here contradictory: on the one hand, the evolution of the conception of equality leads to admit the difference of sexes in order to deal with gender inequalities (relation of admission) whereas, on the other hand, the difference of sexes is excluded from an analysis in terms of equality, reinforcing the basis of gender inequalities (relation of exclusion)
Lachapelle, Stéphane. "La différence des sexes au regard du religieux dans l'Émile de Rousseau." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/4315.
Full textLachapelle, Stephane. "La différence des sexes au regard du religieux dans l'Émile de Rousseau." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ28432.pdf.
Full textCreissels, Anne. "Le travail du mythe dans l'art contemporain : la différence des sexes en question." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0057.
Full textHow does gender differences, wich structures our relationship to the world and to the other, could not shape the fields of art and myth ? Far from being absent, this implicitly - and sometimes explicitly - is at the heart of mythical and artistic structures. Postulating a "work" of the myth in contemporary art requires an evaluation of the links and the gaps between gender relationships and its representations. A social and anthropological approach seems necessary to take into consideration the meaning that works of art produce as well as identificatory images conveyed by society. Do art and myths have a gender ? Their claim to universality is sufficient to instill doubt. As "free" modes of expression, should they not be questionned ? As institution and perpetuation tools of a dominant thinking system, could they not however also be the place for an appropriation and possible deconstruction ?
Poirel, Marie-Laurence. "La différence des sexes en question : autour de la pensée de Suzanne Lilar." Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090063.
Full textBonnichon, Delphine. "Fantasmes à mort! : Pensées et acte suicidaires à l’épreuve de la différence des sexes." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H122.
Full textOur goal is to analyse the specificity of the psychic functioning of adolescents who have suicidal thoughts and/or have attempted suicide. Our two main directions of analysis are the following: first, the dialectical interaction between action and fantasy, and secondly, the comparison between suicidal issues and psychosexual development in boys and girls. Our analysis is based on 20 case studies combining clinical encounters and projective tests, the Rorschach text and the TAT; the protocols were analysed according the psychoanalytic method developed by the Paris School. Two hypotheses are verified in this study: 1) suicidal gestures can potentially generate symbolic meaning; and 2) boys resort to more drastic defense mechanisms than girls, due to the fact that their sexual identity is threatened. Suicidal adolescents have a rich fantasy life centred on infanticidal fantasies, with a blend of pregenital and genital elements in a context of sado-masochism. In boys, suicidal thoughts, even if they do not lead to action, are more dangerous; this underscores the function of the act itself, tied to a sadistic tendency, with the danger of unbinding. The homo-erotic oral-anal penetration fantasy is a promising avenue of research, since it brings together both narcissistic and object relations, tied to a infanticidal-parricidal fantasy organized around projection. Its counterpart in girls seems to be the fantasy of tearing off one’s skin, in combination with masochistic denial. We thus discern two different and separate paths towards genital sexuality, parenthood, and generational transmission , opening new avenues for exploration in the eternal debate between life and death
Le, Bodic Cédric. "Deux paradigmes pour une rencontre manquée : approches de la différence des sexes et leur mise en examen exploratoire en criminologie." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00428527.
Full textHanrahan, Mairéad. "Djuna Barnes, Jean Genet et la différence des sexes, des sexualités : pour une poétique du désir." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080877.
Full textThis thesis studies the questions of sexual and homosexual difference in one novel by djuna barnes, nightwood, and two novels by jean genet, miracle de la rose and querelle de brest. It examines the two authors separately. The first section explores the metaphorical and metonymical links between three different figures of the other in nightwood, jew, homosexual and woman. It offers an interpretation of the enigmatic narrative of the novel, reading it in terms of the displacement of the figure of the other. Our analysis of genet distinguishes between the feminine other and the homosexu al other. The chapter on the miracle argues that the miracle for genet consists in the opportunity which writing affords of revealing a symbolic femininity where one might least expect to find it, and discusses the implications of the fact that genet values only symbolic femininity. The chapter on querelle explores the relationship which genet envisages between homosexuality and society. For both authors, the reflexion on sexual identity and orientation is intimately linked with a consideration of language. This thesis seeks to show the links between the practice of writing and the practice of desire
Steinberg, Sylvie. "Le travestissement en France à l'époque moderne, 16e-18e siècles : recherche sur la différence des sexes." Paris, EHESS, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999EHES0099.
Full textCross-dressing with gender characteristic is truly a limit-experience, the crossing of a forbidden boundary, which alows to consider sex difference as a cultural and historical construction. In france, during modern times, cross-dressing took so many and various ways than one can speak of a "cross-dresser culture". Between xvith and xviiith century, the cross-dresser character crosses literature, haunts theatre stages, runs all over the village feasts, charivaris, and is introduced in the court recreations. Starting on those aspects, the study then focused on individual destinies of some men and women (mostly), well known (as the abbe de choisy or the chevalier d'eon) or anonymous, who chose to cross-dress for more or less a long time, out of the feasts, between the beginning of the xvith century and the french revolution. Thus, cross-dressing is considered as a revealing of history of sex difference. It is then possible to start on the question of the gender identity as it appears in the judicial documents concerning people arrested for cross-dressing or in the memoires of that time. Cross-dressing marks the sexed body and changes drastically signs which are linked to clothes, physionomy, emotional behavior, "body habits" and which are supposed to be suited to each sex: it reveals then, a contrario, coherence of the representations of the sexed body, pieced together in this work from the medical and physiognomony treatises. Behind those representations, conceptualizations of sex and gender are at work. The evolution of those conceptions is studied from two key-periods, the time of civil wars (from religious war to the fronde), and the beginnings of the french revolution, periods where one can find a female and revendicative cross-dressing as well as some very strong debates about the nature of sex difference
Fraisse, Geneviève. "La difference des sexes recherches sur une forme de la connaissance." Paris, EHESS, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997EHES0110.
Full textThe notion of sexual difference does not belong to an already constituted field of research. In philosophy, it is not recognized as a philosophical object. In the last twenty years, my research's main objective has been the production of the epistemological conditions necessary for the constitution of such a field. Through the history of modern and contemporary feminist thought i have tried to answer questions of definition: the definitions of women's reason, of modern citizenship, of political emancipation. Dealing with the history of thought requires a genealogical reading of modernity: my purpose was to understand how women have been excluded from the res publica in the wake of the french revolution, and then how they have been at the same time included and discriminated against. My reading of modernity clearly shows how difficult it is to give a content to the notion of "equality" of the sexes. My analysis of modernity also allows and calls for an attentive reading of the major philosophers. Such a reading shows how the difference of the sexes intervenes in the very process of philosophical thought: the "women's question" raises interesting stakes for philosophers, while the difference of the sexes appears as an important operator in the dynamic process of the end of metaphysics. Thinking through the difference of the sexes thus becomes a philosophical objective. Western philosophical tradition both shows how eros and love have been used as a way to think about the sexes and, consequently, how philosophy has envisaged the place of sexual difference in its own history. In fact, the difference of the sexes intervenes in two ways in philosophical thought: first as a primal difference through which humanity thinks about itself, and second as a means of exchange within thought itself. For philosophers, sexual difference is thus not an object of thought but rather an origin and a means through which thought is produced
Cometti, Dominique. "Evolution langagière des représentations de la danse : la différence garçons/filles à 10, 11 et 15 ans." Dijon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DIJOL026.
Full textA three-dimensional organisation of dance representation was revealed in this study through speech analysis. The various ways of speaking about dance in terms of: "social image", "concept" and "activity" were found to differ according to age. There is a distinct boy/girl difference at 10 years old: girls emphasize the "activity" more. Eleven year old boys aren't hesitant to speak of dance style revealing identity concerns. Fifteen year olds debate about dance style yet conform to their gender stereotype. They prefer hip hop. One needs to consider the social logic of dance regarding masculine/feminine gender differentiation on the one hand, and the biological and cognitive logic concerning development on the other hand
Bélisle, Pascale. "Implication de la glande surrénale dans la réponse à un stress douloureux aigu." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2006. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3831.
Full textPoudrier, Janie. "La pensée hétéro : l'égalité dans le prisme de la différence sexuelle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29500/29500.pdf.
Full textVuillod, Marielle. "Actualité de l’hystérie et de la névrose obsessionnelle : le sexe et la différence, perspectives psychanalytique et psychiatrique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H131.
Full textWhat is hysteria today, and its dialect, obsessional neurosis, since its paradigmatic definition that allowed S. Freud to conceptualize the psychoanalytic theory and method, until its withdrawal in current psychiatric trends ? We have compared psychiatric and psychoanalytical diagnoses of twenty-one patients (men and women) suffering from hysterical or obsessional symptoms. This confrontation illustrates the durability of hysteria neurosis and obsessional neurosis among different psychoanalytical organizations, neurosis, borderline and narcissistic, and its disappearance into the DSM where hysterical patients are located with depressive or anxious disorders and obsessional personality disorder, and obsessional patients are located with anxious disorders. Only two men among twelve hysterical patients are diagnosed with hysterical personality disorder and only two men among five obsessional patients are diagnosed with obsessional personality disorder. Our methodology combines psychiatric tests (MINI and SCID II) and projective tests (Rorschach and TAT). The exploration of the intrapsychic functioning shows that feminine within psychic bisexuality is a crucial problematic for these patients that corresponds to a fragile sexual identificatory position. For the female and male patients, the fight against feminine is dominant within neurosis organizations, where it is rather a refusal of feminine within borderline organizations, and a deny of feminine within narcissistic organizations. Associated to a lively œdipian complex, the seduction fantasies are fantazised in both active and passive positions. The symptomatic corporal issue in hysteria, within conversion or somatization symptoms, shows this fight among women while it is rather a triumph of passivity among men
Gaumond, Isabelle. "Douleur et analgésie le rôle des hormones sexuelles." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4258.
Full textBonnemère, Pascale. "Le Casoar, le pandanus rouge et l'anguille : différence des sexes, substances et parenté chez les Ankave-Anga, Papouasie-Nouvelle-Guinée." Paris, EHESS, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EHES0017.
Full textThe analysis of the various manifestations of kinship, marriage and gender in a society of the eastern part of papua new guinea composes the bulk of this dissertation but the work also reveals the strategic position body representations, i. E. Conception, growth, maturation and decline over a lifetime occupy between these two areas of social life. The description of the organization of subsistence activities and relationships between persons and groups, the analysis of genealogies and marriages over more than five generations, but also the account of narratives, ritual ceremonies and representations of procreation consitute the data from which several results, some speciific, some more general, have been obtaines. A number are of an ethnographic nature and are concerned with local representations of the person and of parenthood that express themselves according to modes hitherto unknown among the anga. They reveal the male domination here is less harsh and is characterized by the fact that women's roles and activity are explicitly recognized and not systematically denigrated. Lastly, it is demonstrated that there exists a link between male initiations and procreation on the one hand, and between kinship and gender on the other
Schaerli, Sarah. "La participation aux activités parascolaires et les troubles du comportement chez les élèves d'âge primaire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5595.
Full textFortier, Corinne. "Corps, différence des sexes et infortune : transmission de l'identité et des savoirs en islam malékite et dans la société maure de Mauritanie." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHESA070.
Full textLahure, Matthieu. "La formulation moderne et contemporaine du problème de l’égalité des sexes et de la différence des genres comme question de justice appliquée." Paris 4, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA040158.
Full textIn this work I show how the democratic claim for equality between men and women is formulated in political philosophy as a question of applied justice. The relationships between men and women involve distributions of rights, powers and goods which are to men’s advantage, even within the equalitarian context of democratic societies. The aims of this research have been to measure up this unequal treatment and analyse the mechanisms through which it persists, as well as to offer solutions to correct its various manifestations. With this in view, I have chosen to rely on the theoretical tools and to develop the perspectives on distributive procedures provided by the works of modern philosophers such as Locke, Rousseau, Tocqueville and Mill, and by the contemporary reflections of Rawls, Walzer, Okin, and Kymlicka. What is at stake here is the possibility for democracy to re-examine the very principles of its dynamics so as to face the challenge of sexual difference and to correct the inequality of socially grounded gender differentiation. I have reached the conclusion that to achieve equality between the sexes, there has to be a critical political liberalism reaffirming the value of individual autonomy. But for the promotion of such autonomy State intervention needs to go beyond the mere principle of no-discrimination and to take into account the specific nature of the goods which the individuals are after as well as the social situations by which they are characterised
Kayser, Paulette. "La défaillance du sujet, le féminin : différence sexuelle et immémorial dans les écrits d'Emmanuel Lévinas." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081460.
Full textLevinas1 first writings identify the "pure difference" with the "feminine". The "feminine" is not conceived as attribute of "the woman" but stands for what can't be represented and escapes de philosophical discourse trying always to reduce the feminine to it's "other". Until totality and infinity, the feminine describes the other above all else. Since otherwise than being or beyond essence this notion disappears in his philosophical writings, but is being rediscussed in his talmudic comments. However the feminine is haunting the following writings. In otherwise. . . The subject has feminine attributes, such as "vulnerability", "sensitivity", "haemorrhage" for the other. Sexual difference is certainly, on one hand, secondarized in levinas' writings, since sexual altemity is coming afterwards, "the human" standing prior to it, but on the other hand levinas shows clearly that the so-called "neutrality" of the subject is a lure : it (he) has always been masculine. By insisting that the subject identified as hostage refers to a subjectivity elder than knowledge and power, which conscience represses, he refers to an immemorial time delaying the subject continuously. The first part of my work focuses on the feminine in totality. . . , the time and the other, whereas the second part is centred on maternal subjectivity in otherwise. . . In the third part the immemorial is discussed as time destructuring the past/present/future triad. Guiding displacements in levinas' writings and suggesting punctual comparisons with several other thinkers (as blanchot, deleuze, guattari, lacan and lyotard), sexual difference reveals itself as keeping on resistance to binary opposition. The immemorial time of this difference testifies that it is not "the woman" who comes afterwards, but "the subject" haunted by identity and entity
Le, Saux Pénault Elsa. "Éduquer à l'égalité des sexes en conduisant des recherches sur la littérature jeunesse : une recherche-action à l'école primaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100179/document.
Full textBased on an action-research approach, this thesis focuses on how teachers consider and embrace the injunctions to educate their students to gender equality. The starting point of this work began in 2014 when teachers and researchers collectively analyzed youth albums exploited or to be exploited in classrooms. Schools experiments aimed to develop the children’s critical thinking on gender stereotypes conveyed by children's books were also carried out. By adopting a "little scientists" technique (commenting, sorting, use of analysis grids, use of statistics, ...), the children were asked to perform quantitative and qualitative research on their school albums in order to identify gendered representations, their expressions and consequences. The action-research process has revealed how teachers, by analyzing the progress of their students, transformed their own vision of education to gender equality and their professional practice in this regard
Lubienski, Aurélien. "La différence des sexes à l'épreuve de l'intersexuation : à partir de la rencontre clinique et projective avec des adolescents porteurs du syndrome de Klinefelter." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H129.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the examining of the interplay between contemporary forms of sex and sexuality and the theoretical models, which allow us to apprehend gender differences and their setting into psychosexual organization. In agreement with the explorative aim of this clinical research, we will focus on the impact of sex chromosome abnormality on the psychosexual organization of teenagers with Klinefelter syndrome (47 XXY). Methodology includes clinical consultation and projective tests (Rorschach and T. AT. ), by reference to Freud’s metapsychology. The singularity of the observations based on the meeting with 10 subjects leads us to ask ourselves if the theoretical and methodological systems respond to our subject matter. Here we take into account the risk of theoretical abuse brought about by atypical clinical situations, according to F. Sironi. We are careful not to do any hasty interpretation of the clinical chart, the results of which rather embolden us to question our theoretical reference points. In this purpose, the contribution of M. Foucault and Feminist Studies enables us to foresee the sexual difference from a historicist point of view so as to reinstate it among contingent constructions and disclose the naturalistic and universalist presuppositions. Thus the clinical situation of Klinefelter syndrome allows us to discuss, among the Freudian approach, the limits of the sexual theory when based on anatomical differences between the sexes, so that we put forward the relevance of a method giving priority to pulsional mobility and to the extension of the sexual, which are characteristics of Freud’s thinking
Ferrando, Stefania. "La liberté comme pratique de la différence : philosophie politique moderne et sexuation du monde : Rousseau, Olympe de Gouges et les saint-simoniennes." Doctoral thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0064.
Full textThe Saint-Simonian Suzanne Voilquin writes that an "unknown" appeared in social life with women's equality and freedom. This research aims to analyze how this "unknown" of social life was thought and practiced as it became part of political discourses as well as revolutionary and post-revolutionary philosophical reflections. First, by analyzing th "Rousseau dispositif" - a set of texts dealing with the problem of the " women's position" and discussing Rousseau's thesis - we examine the discourses that exclude women from knowledge and politics as well as the need to secure the transmission between the father and his children in a world of free individuals. Afterwards, we focus on the writings of Olympe de Gouges and her development of a new political approach to revolutionary society, based on her position as a "placee et deplacee" in both knowledge and politics. Finally, we follow the Saint-Simonian women who created the periodical La femme libre. We examine their collective political practices and the "symbolic work" on the "unknown" that came with their research for freedom. These practices allow, within social life, new experiences, through which women can cease to be "social life sleepwalkers" and act in it to change it, as full-fledged subjects
Martin, Xavier. "Pascal Quignard : l'écriture, la souffrance, la différence sexuelle et la fusion amoureuse." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080005.
Full textIn our thesis we suggest a journey inside the works of Pascal Quignard. We bring to the fore the difficulties, for an academic critic, to build a reading that is not a simple paraphrase of what Quignard writes. The writer actually comments what he writes and give himself angles to everything he publishes. Our reading of Quignard is not an erudite approch of his works, it is willing to show some effects produced by the texts. In the first part, we take an interest in the articulation between writing and suffering. To write is presented as a survival gesture that allows a metamorphosis of the writer’s life. We show how moments lived by the author are constantly take up again in his texts and how they structure the construction of the works. In the second part, we try to grasp the cosmogony that Quignard creates, he describes the laws of life that conditions our relationship to life and sexuality. Sexual difference is presented as an absolute that cuts humanity in two. Men and women are fundamentally different according to Quignard, he devotes many pages to explain the nature of this difference. Finally, we try to understand the status of love in the works of Quignard, love appears to be a fusion that allows individuals to exceed their own limits. Love is a way to feel again antenatal sensations; the mother, loved and hated, is a key figure in the works of Pascal Quignard
Dubrovskaya, Anna. "Sortie d'une temporalité suspendue : entre le parental et le fraternel : le sujet en quête des repères oedipiens." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE2017.
Full textThe current social link mutation raises multiple issues about its impact on the subjectivity processes. Considering this we studied identity’s construction of children and teenagers, and in particular oedipal problematic and connected questions: identifications, oedipal promise and temporality. Using projective tests (drawings and « Pattenoire Test ») these processeswere investigated among 5-15 years old French children. Peer figure appeared in our results as a main identification reference and relationship with parents keeps archaic pre-oedipal nature. This horizontal link complicates the access to the difference between the generations and to the psychical temporality as well. Thus Oedipus complex « bug » troubles the development of the «transitional» capacity which gives access to the creativity. Thisphenomenon is especially evident at the teenage, when subject has now to seek for new arrangements to get out of the temporality suspended to the relationship with parents in the imaginary register
Martin, Xavier. "Pascal Quignard : l'écriture, la souffrance, la différence sexuelle et la fusion amoureuse." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080005.
Full textIn our thesis we suggest a journey inside the works of Pascal Quignard. We bring to the fore the difficulties, for an academic critic, to build a reading that is not a simple paraphrase of what Quignard writes. The writer actually comments what he writes and give himself angles to everything he publishes. Our reading of Quignard is not an erudite approch of his works, it is willing to show some effects produced by the texts. In the first part, we take an interest in the articulation between writing and suffering. To write is presented as a survival gesture that allows a metamorphosis of the writer’s life. We show how moments lived by the author are constantly take up again in his texts and how they structure the construction of the works. In the second part, we try to grasp the cosmogony that Quignard creates, he describes the laws of life that conditions our relationship to life and sexuality. Sexual difference is presented as an absolute that cuts humanity in two. Men and women are fundamentally different according to Quignard, he devotes many pages to explain the nature of this difference. Finally, we try to understand the status of love in the works of Quignard, love appears to be a fusion that allows individuals to exceed their own limits. Love is a way to feel again antenatal sensations; the mother, loved and hated, is a key figure in the works of Pascal Quignard
Verscheure, Ingrid. "Dynamique différentielle des interactions didactiques et co-construction de la différence des sexes en éducation physique et sportivre : le cas de l'attaque en volley-ball en lycées agricoles." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30251.
Full textRooted on a sociological and psychosociological review of literature about gender inequalities within the school system, the aims of this paper is to identify the social construction of gender in PE from a didactic approach. Social research in sport has shown that physical education (PE) contributes to reinforce and legitimate significant gender inequalities. Girls and boys develop different attitudes, perceptions, competences, skills and knowledge about PE content, and more specifically volleyball content. Two concept are mobilized: representations (social and functional) and differential didactic contract. The data are collected by survey, then ethnographic observation and interviews with teachers and students about attack in volleyball. The result concludes that gendered knowledge is co-constructed in situations, which confirms that learning is situated
Dussert, Ana. "La lettre dans la psychanalyse : sa fonction, ses usages." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080066.
Full textThe thesis raises the notion of the letter as the essential function of psychoanalysis on which depends its ethics, and precisely as a praxis of speech. Freud, in his discovery of the unconscious by deciphering the dream, states that a dream must be read like a rebus or like a hieroglyph writing where one must find the key. In his return to Freud, Jacques Lacan reinterprets the letter, first in relation to cybernetics and literature, and then by remodeling the Saussurian linguistics: he binds the letter – as a material and differential discursive element – to the bar that separates the registers of signifier and signified and introduces the sexual difference. The speaking being is therefore essentially a sexuated being since the real of the sex comes from the letter. He approaches progressively the topology proper to the letter, based on the mechanism of the repetition and the symptom, inscribed on the verge of the drive. The notion of the letter is then broadened by the one of the writing which stems from the vocalization of the trait, since the homonymy is constitutive to its evolution: the history of writing is an equivocation game that Lacan places in the heart of analytic interpretation. The writing therefore intervenes in the analytical technique when it approaches the real of non-sense: the sexual non-relation. Its consequence being the poetical discourse, a vector of the void, and the antonomasia where the subject must know how to reverberate, at the surface of the saying as such, the hole of being that the letter traces. The thesis demonstrates this opération by elaborating a way of teaching in front of the pupils with handicaps
Queiroz, Maria Alice Lemos de. "Acte médical, différence des sexes et métamorphose sexuelle : les médicalisations et les représentations du corps sexué dans les conceptions sur l'hermaphrodisme, la masturbation, la pédérastie, l'inversion sexuelle et le transsexualisme." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070083.
Full textFrom a questioning of the theorietical basis for hormono-surgical treatments for "sexe changing" in transsexualism, we have resolved to perform wider research, including an historical approach, laying emphasis on other medical conceptions which, iike the ones on transsexualism, also referred to the idea of a sexual metamorphosis of the sexual body. It seems that we find in the history of medical concepts about the sexual body three different constructions in ils trend towards "metamorphosis" :the antique and Renaissance-inspired idea of a body naturally subject to metamorphosis (i. E. The woman (female) body), the "enlightenment age"- inspired and modem approach of two bodies illegitimately susceptible to be metamorphosed (the woman (female) body and, from this moment on, the male body and the contemporary idea of two bodies susceptible to be transformed with medical assistance (more often the male body but also the female body). One of our working hypothesis seem indicate out that, in some médical conceptions on sexual ambiguities, sexual deviancies and transsexualism, the most important medical interventions were most of the time guided by a representation of the sexual body, imbued with values which were normative, ideological and above ail fantastical. This leads to raise the following questions : Are the medical representations of the sexual body and on the difference between sexes, which are supposed to legitimate the medical intervention, supported by exclusively medically based knowledge, or are they elaborated from considerations associated with ideals and fantasies of a period and a culture ? Behind the positivist and very pragmatict views expressed regarding transsexualism and its treatment, are there any atavistic traces of philosophical and médical representations of thé sexual body and its metamorphosis, that exist ed in the past '
Maltese, François. "Effets d’une situation de comparaison sociale dans les différences liées au sexe en rotation mentale : Une étude avec des jumeaux dizygotes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3045/document.
Full textThe mental rotation test (MRT) is the most robust test revealing that men outperform women. Two major causes have been proposed for explaining the origin of this difference. The first focused on brain masculinization under the action of androgen during the fetal development. Vuoksimaa et al., (2010) showed that dizygotic opposite-sex female have greater performances than dizygotic same-sex female. For the second hypothesis, sex difference is mainly due to social regulation factors and stereotype threat interaction. We test here this second hypothesis. In a twin design we tested, for the first time, these two causal explanations. Same-sex dizygotic young adult pairs (23 pairs of males and 34 pairs of females), and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs (62 pairs) took a computerized MRT in two experimental co-action conditions. In the first condition, the experimental situation make the co-twin comparison possible (CSP): “you and your co-twin do the same test today”, and in the other experimental condition called, improbable comparison situation (CSI), they are told that: “you and your co-twin do different test today”. Accuracy and responses time where analyzed. Our results do not support the biological model but, in contrary, support the social regulation and stereotype threat model
Aurouet-Himeur, Aurélie. "L'égalité professionnelle homme-femme : étude de droit français et algérien." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1001/document.
Full textOur century established the principle of professional equality between women and men. A comparative study in France and Algeria, two distinct legal systems, allows us to underline both theoretical and practical aspects. Can the distinction between East and West impact on the achievement of professional equality between the sexes? Another study reveals a clear convergence. Legal equality between the sexes is recognized in french and Algerian law (Part 1). The pervasiveness and complexity of the concept will be shown. Ensues international and national recognition of the principle, which was to ignore the cultural considerations. However the findings of unegalitarian situations remain. Although the principle is extended, the relative significance of the principle asserts (Part 2). The search for a social balance between men and women progresses in order to ensure effective the principle
Lafleur, Martine. "Autour de la controverse soulevée par la mise à l'index de quatre manuels scolaires français à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle l'appartenance sociale à la république française et la politisation de la différence des sexes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0025/MQ35689.pdf.
Full textBailly, Sophie. "La différenciation sexuelle dans la conversation : étude descriptive et interprétative des modalités, des thèmes et des représentations, à partir d'entretiens et d'enquêtes." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H075.
Full textAlthough they speak the same language, men and women who belong to the same speech community seem to differ in their speech behaviour. The choice of conversational topics and strategies depends on the sex of the speaker and of the hearer. Socio-cultural representations of the conversational behaviour of men and women also correlate with gender
Mespoulet, Valérie. "Femmes et espace social : un état de la question à Taïwan : des structures sociales traditionnelles aux changements récents : quelle appropriation légitime de cet espace par les Taïwanaises contemporaines ?" Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10007.
Full textStudzińska, Anna. "Gender differences in perception of sexual harassment." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20052/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a series of six studies which concentrate on the perception of sexual harassment (SH) and the perception of victims and perpetrators of SH. Numerous studies show that men can become victims of SH and suffer from SH (ex. Kearney et Rochlen, 2011; Waldo, Berdahl, et Fitzgerald, 1998), however the lay perceptions of SH seem to be far from the reality. I hypothesized that:1o. In social perception the suffering of male victims of SH is less severe than that of female victims 2A. The perpetrators whose victims are female are evaluated worse than those whose victims are male Due to the results obtained in Study 4, I suggested an alternative to hypothesis 2A (2B) namely, that the female perpetrators of SH are evaluated better. The results support the hypothesis that the perception of the victims and perpetrators of SH depends on their sex. Female victims are perceived as suffering more than the male victims. Male perpetrators are seen as less agentic and less respectable than female perpetrators and deserving a higher punishment. When participant's anger mediates the relationship between the victim’s sex and the perception of the perpetrator, the perpetrator of SH on a woman is perceived as guiltier, deserving a higher punishment and as being less of a moral agent
Załączona rozprawa przedstawia serię badań dotyczących społecznej percepcji molestowania seksualnego (MS), percepcji cierpienia ofiar molestowania oraz percepcji sprawców molestowania. MS to każde niepożądane zachowanie werbalne lub niewerbalne odnoszące się do seksualności lub płci adresata, które skutkuje naruszeniem jej godności, poprzez tworzenie „onieśmielającej, wrogiej, poniżającej, upokarzającej lub agresywnej atmosfery” (Śledzińska-Simon, 2011). W przedstawionych badaniach odwołuję się do typologii MS zaproponowanej przez Fitzgerald, Gelfand i Drasgow (1995), a następnie poszerzonej przez Waldo, Berdahl i Fitzgerald (1998). W typologii tej wyróżniono trzy rodzajów MS są to: 1. przymus seksualny (sexual coercion) – grożenie ofierze lub zapewnianie ofiary, że jeśli zgodzi się na kontakt seksualny, otrzyma pewne przywileje (np. awans, lepszą ocenę na egzaminie) lub uniknie negatywnych konsekwencji (np. zwolnienie z pracy, ocena niedostateczna) 2. niepożądane zainteresowanie seksualne (unwanted sexual attention) – częste dotykanie ofiary lub napastliwe próby stworzenia intymnego lub seksualnego związku z ofiarą 3. molestowanie z uwagi na przynależność do danej płci (gender harassment): 3a. obsceniczne komentarze (lewd comments) – na przykład: żarty odnoszące się do seksualności; obraźliwe komentarze na temat wyglądu lub życia seksualnego; pokazywanie pornograficznych zdjęć 3b. wymuszanie zachowań zgodnych ze stereotypową rolą płciową (enforcement of gender role) – na przykład: żarty z mężczyzny, który bierze zwolnienie w celu zajmowania się dzieckiem; komentarze skierowane do kobiety, że powinna robić sobie makijaż, żeby wyglądała bardziej kobieco 3c. negatywne komentarze dotyczące danej płci (negative gender related remarks) - na przykład: powiedzenie, że wszyscy mężczyźni myślą tylko o jednym; stwierdzenie, że kobiety nie nadają się do zarządzania
Kang, Pom-Seok. "L’influence du contexte social et culturel sur le concept de soi et les traits de personnalité." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20027/document.
Full textRecent researches have highlighted the role of categorization and social comparison process in understanding the gender differences and similarities at the level of self-concept. This thesis proposes a methodological and theoretical extension of these works to verify their soundness and assess their possible implications for the development of social psychology of personality. Thus, we first show that there are significant relations between several instruments for the measure self-concept, in confirming the validity of these instruments (study 1). The hypothesis of an interaction “gender X culture” on self-concept is then examined in a study comparing French and Korean students. As expected, the results show that gender differences on self are, no matter what self-concept measures are used, bigger in France than in South Korea. Then the studies 3, 4, and 5 seek to ascertain whether such manifestations of the malleability of the self-concept in different contexts may also be obtained by the measure of the personality traits. It is shown that there are gender stereotypes on certain personality traits of the five-factor model (Study 3 Study 4) and that the self-stereotyping process proposed by the self-categorization theory (Turner, 1987) seems to actually influence the manifestation of personality traits. Studies 4 and 5, using the original experimental paradigms, help to highlight the conditions under which individuals will "change" their personality according to the situation where they find themselves. These results suggest that there exist certain personality traits stable and they do not change according to the situation but there also exist certain traits that vary significantly in accordance with social interaction and self-categorization process
Gaznai, Safaa Aldden. "La répression discriminatoire des infractions liées à la sexualité en droit pénal irakien." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CERG0535/document.
Full textThis Ph.D. dissertation examines how Iraqi criminal law with regard to sex and sex-related crimes severely discriminates women in Iraq. It looks at this issue in light of ancestral traditions of prejudice and violence against women that are deeply rooted in Iraqi society. Honor is an extremely important notion in the mentalities of Iraqi people. Women are supposed to maintain chastity and sexual purity in order to be considered "honorable". Anything that compromises their chastity, including crimes of which they are victims such as rape, destroys their honor and along with it, that of their entire family. Many women in this situation find themselves killed, injured, or forced to marry their attacker in order to allow their families to recover their honor. This study shows how Iraqi legislation, case law and legal doctrine all contribute to encourage and perpetuate this problem, and suggests some possible solutions
Pechriggl, Alice. "Corps transfigurés : stratifications de l'imaginaire des sexes/genres." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0135.
Full textThe present thesis works out the passage from somatic sex difference to gender relationships. This passage is treated in terms of a transfiguration of psyche/soma into social significations and bodies. The central subjects of the investigation are psyche/soma, the process of identification of social individuals, sexuality between eros and biology, and the question of origin (from a philosophical as well as from an anthropological and psychoanalytical point of view). The stratifications of social imaginary are examined according to different modes of being. They reach from the physical/material, over the psychical and actual imaginary, to transcendent imaginary with its reifying effects, given the hypostasis inherent to that kind of imaginary, particularly in the case of +screen-imaginary of feminity;. It is a screen-imaginary in a double sense: as an obstacle (for the access of women in those social and political spheres occupied by this imaginary) as well as a plane of projection (for men projecting their feminine complement which can be mastered more easily in this homogenous form than in the presence of real women). The figuration of imaginary is also strongly marked by an asymmetry consisting in masculine hegemony of explicit figuration of society, its actual central imaginary. The stratifications of gender imaginary in the domain of philosophy (in particular plato, aristotle, levinas and the dialectics of history) is the focal theme of the second part. This part ends on the non-relevance of gender as a category of philosophy strictu sensu, i. E. As a category of universal ontology. The relevance of gender begins only at the point where philosophy depasses itself to reach into anthropology and the thinking of the social as domains sui generis of being. The third and last part is treating the gender related stratifications of civic and political imaginary (antiquity - modem times) and the segragating structures forged by this stratifications
Wiaux, Bernard. "Acquisition et régulations des habiletés locomotrices sur un plan incliné à 45[degrés] chez des enfants âgés de 9 à 21 mois." Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON14003.
Full textKerger, Sylvie. "Le rôle du sexe dans les intérêts et choix scolaires pour les branches scientifiques et techniques." Nancy 2, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc228/2005NAN21018.pdf.
Full textThis study tries, on the one hand, to find the factors which influence the choice of school orientations which lead to women's minority in scientific and technical professions and, on the other hand, to rapproche girls to the sciences. In the research of the variables which contribute to the sciences being less attractive to women than to men, the following factors have been analyzed : the pre-academic interests (operationalized by the early childhood games), the personality traits, the academic concept of self and cognitive variables, on the basis of a sample constituted by students of the secondary school, with an age average of 14 years (n=849). To achieve the other goal, namely to find a solution to counteract the differences, we followed the most promising way. We present the scientific and technical subjects in a feminine context which interests the girls more, and in a masculine context which interests the boys more. The structural models have shown that the biological sex and the games of the early childhood play the greatest role in the prediction of interests in scientific and technical branches. The boys and subjects who spent more time with masculine games in their early childhood are more interested in scientific and technical subjects than the girls and those subjects who spent more time with feminine games. It is interesting to note that the cognitive variables do not influence the interests for scientific and technical subjects. The individual interests must therefore be taken into account when adapting the subjects to the girls' and boys' interests in the text books in order to achieve an increase of interest for these scientific and technical subjects
Girerd, Christel. "Les figures d'autorité chez l'enfant : différences des sexes et des générations." Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/GIRERD_Christel_2009.pdf.
Full textThe authority issue is complex to understand in itself, and the crisis it suffered in recent decades especially blurs our benchmarks. This work attempts on the one hand at redefining the authority from an historic point of view and Lacan's theory of speech. On the other hand, it attempts to account for the psychological mechanisms underlying the construction of authority figures in children. The functions of the authority figures, maternal, paternal and social, are the main subjects of this research, especially their entanglement with the two differences structuring the Oedipus: the differences between sexes and generations. Both sides of this work converge in an effort to look at this construction in the hypermodern speech which led to the creation of a new authority figure: the child-king
Vaillancourt, Joanie. "Les différences entre les sexes en production écrite à 15 ans." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27809.
Full textSharma, Ashish. "Gender specific modulation of metoprolol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20990/20990.pdf.
Full textLeclerc, Typhaine. "Parler politique : potentiel et limites des pratiques encadrant le partage de la parole à l'Association pour une solidarité syndicale étudiante." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27950.
Full textDespite their best intentions, progressive groups contribute to the reproduction of social inequalities within their internal structure. Even in groups using pro-feminist practices intended to manage how speech is shared among participants, there sometimes are blatant inequalities in the voices being heard – or not – depending on gender and other socioeconomic factors. ASSÉ (Association for Solidarity among Student Unions) implements a number of measures to rebalance how speech and power are being shared, including alternating speaking rights between men and women, using a “moodwatcher” during meetings, allowing for non-mixed caucuses, and holding Women’s congresses. I have conducted twelve semi-structured interviews with people who are or have been involved in ASSÉ to better understand how they judge the relevance and effectiveness of these practices. While all of them believe that these measures help amplify women’s voices on an individual level, men and women have different opinions about the transformative and emancipatory potential of these practices. Men tend to highlight these measures’ re-socialization or counter-socialization effects, while women are more likely to point out their limitations. They argue that these measures fail question the gendered division of activist labor that prevails in ASSÉ. Furthermore, the interview data suggest that the costs and benefits associated with these practices are gender differentiated. Although they are designed to promote women's voices, they tend to symbolically and materially benefit to men. Meanwhile, women are responsible for the labor involved in justifying and applying these practices, and, more broadly, for providing feminist analyses within the organization. Women participants lament the fact that this invisible and undervalued work prevents them from concentrating on "political" tasks. I sketch the potential of (pro)feminist speech-sharing practices to demonstrate how conversation is indeed "political" and to hightlight the political nature of the gendered labor of listening, caring and organizing.
Godard, Ornella. "Reconnaissance des visages, asymétrie hémisphérique et différences hommes / femmes." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05H107.
Full textOur researches aim at having a better understanding of sex-related hemispherical differences during facial information processing. Five behavioral and one electrophysiological studies, using ERPs, have been conducted with a total of 132 women and 125 men. Results of three experiments show that men and women process differently facial information. Contrary to men, women are not influenced by emotional expression to process facial identity. Women are also faster than men to detect a subtle modification relative to an invariant distance in a face, consisted of increasing the inter-ocular distance. These results suggest that women might have better abilities to extract invariant facial traits compared to men which could explain, in part, their advantage in several tasks of face recognition. In addition, a strong hemispheric lateralization was found, at both behavioral and electrophysiological levels, in men, whereas, women presented a bilateral cerebral functioning. In men, a left visual field superiority and a larger N170 over the right hemisphere compared to the left have been shown. This hemispheric asymmetry was coupled with an asymmetric interhemispheric transmission times with faster transfer from the non specialized hemisphere to the specialized one than the reverse direction. In women, the bilateral functioning was coupled with symmetric interhemispheric transmission times and equivalent N170 amplitude over both hemispheres. Moreover, peak latencies of the P100, N170 and N250 were earlier in women than in men, without sex differences at a behavioral response times. We propose the "serial-parallel" model to give an account of the organization of the sequence of different stages involved in face recognition for both men and women
Teherani, Mardjane. "Étude comparative de la symptomatologie dépressive chez l'homme et chez la femme en population générale." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05H065.
Full textSuant, Marie-Claude. "Masculinité et féminité chez l'enfant à la phase de latence." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H016.
Full textTacking as a point a departure the books from the collection published under the name "du cote des petites filles" by "des femmes" (a publishing firm set up by militants from the "politique et psychanalyse" group, the french equivalent of women's lib movement), our research attemps to highlight the content of the militant message given to children, and the understanding that girls and boys have of it at the end of their latency period. The study is based upon two samples of 10 girls and 10 boys in the 9-11 age bracket attending the "ecole nouvelle d'antony" (a new primary situated in antony in the southern suburds of paris), where no distinction is made when it comes to education an pdagogy. The second sample is twice as large ; but again contains an equal number of boys and girls -20 of each- but this time attending a state primary school in the 13th distinct in paris. Three of the best-known books from the collection were shown to the children fromboth groups in individual one-hour sessions. When analysed, the reponses by the two groups of children showed no differences in their attitudes towards the stereotyped view of masculinity, feminity and social roles; this observation did not differ between the child'sex or educational environment. This attitude towards the stereotype among children in their latency period was related to the process of the elaboration of their sexual identity, as described by psychoanalytical theory, as well as the way the male and female are represented. The importance of the stereotype during a