Academic literature on the topic 'Difference Objective Function'
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Journal articles on the topic "Difference Objective Function"
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Cao, Bing-wei, Xin-hui Liu, Wei Chen, Yong Zhang, and Ai-min Li. "Depth Optimization Analysis of Articulated Steering Hinge Position Based on Genetic Algorithm." Algorithms 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12030055.
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Articulated steering is affected by the position of the articulated points of the steering cylinder. When the two steering cylinders turn, there is a stroke difference and arm of force difference. The existence of the above differences causes the pressure fluctuation of the steering system. Firstly, the mathematical model of the steering mechanism is established through theoretical analysis. Then, the coordinates of the hinge points of the steering cylinder are optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) with the stroke difference function and cylinder pressure function as the objective functions. The curves of the stroke difference and the arm of force difference of the steering cylinder are obtained by mathematical modeling, and the correctness of the GA is verified. According to the optimization results, the wheel loader prototype was reconstructed, and the reconstruction verified by corresponding sensors. The experimental curves show that the steering system has no obvious pressure fluctuation. Finally, the arm of force difference and stroke difference curves were analyzed, and it was concluded that the arm of force difference was the main cause of pressure fluctuation. The objective function was improved, and the arm of force function and cylinder pressure function were taken as the objective functions to continue the optimization by GA. The arm of force difference and stroke difference after optimization were reduced, which provides a constructive reference for the design of articulated steering systems in the future.
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Wang, Xueyong, Ying Zhang, Haibin Chen, and Xipeng Kou. "Convergence Rate Analysis of the Proximal Difference of the Convex Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 4, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5629868.
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In this paper, we study the convergence rate of the proximal difference of the convex algorithm for the problem with a strong convex function and two convex functions. By making full use of the special structure of the difference of convex decomposition, we prove that the convergence rate of the proximal difference of the convex algorithm is linear, which is measured by the objective function value.
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Qin, Yong Zhou, and Wu Sheng Wang. "Generalized Nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm Type Sum-Difference Inequality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.887.
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The main objective of this paper is to establish a class of new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type difference inequality, where the inequalities consist of multiple iterated sums. By technique of change of variable, difference and summation and inverse function, upper bound estimations of unknown functions are given. The derived results can be applied in the study of solutions of Volterra-Fredholm type difference equations.
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Pan, Yudi, Lingli Gao, and Renat Shigapov. "Multi-objective waveform inversion of shallow seismic wavefields." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 3 (November 28, 2019): 1619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz539.
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SUMMARY It has been increasingly popular to use shallow-seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) to reconstruct near-surface structures. Conventional FWI tries to resolve the earth model by minimizing the difference between observed and synthetic seismic data using a certain criterion (conventionally, l2-norm of waveform difference). In this paper, we propose a multi-objective waveform inversion (MOWI) in which the similarity of data is quantified and minimized using multiple criteria simultaneously. By doing so, we expand the dimensionality of objective space as well as the mapping from data space to objective space, which provides MOWI higher freedom in exploring the model space compared to single-objective FWI. We combine three different scalar-valued objective functions into a vector-valued multi-objective function which measures the similarity of the waveform, the waveform envelope, and the amplitude spectra of the data, respectively. This multi-objective function takes not only trace-based waveform and wave packet similarity but also the dispersion characteristics of surface waves into account. Furthermore, the uncertainty in the inversion result could be estimated and analysed quantitatively by the variance of the optimal models. We propose a modified ϵ-constraint algorithm to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Two synthetic examples are used to show the advantages of using MOWI compared to single-objective FWI. We also test the efficiency of MOWI by using two synthetic shallow-seismic examples, which confirm that MOWI can converge to a better result compared to the conventional single-objective FWI.
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Wang, Wu Sheng. "Estimation on Unknown Function of a Class of Generalized Nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm Type Difference Inequality." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.571.
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The main objective of this paper is to establish a class of new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type difference inequality. Upper bound estimations of unknown functions are given by technique of change of variable, amplification method, difference and summation and inverse function. The derived results can be applied in the study of solutions of Volterra-Fredholm type difference equations.
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Li, Cai Feng, and Wu Sheng Wang. "A Class of Difference Inequality and an Application to Discrete-Time Control Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 1295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.1295.
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The main objective of this paper is to establish a class of new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type sum-difference inequality with two variables. By technique of change of variable, amplification method, difference and summation and inverse function, upper bound estimations of unknown functions are given. The derived results can be applied in the study of solutions of Volterra-Fredholm type difference equations.
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Shintani, Yukari, Takashi Nakanishi, Masamichi Ueda, Naoki Mizobata, Itaru Tojyo, and Shigeyuki Fujita. "Comparison of Subjective and Objective Assessments of Neurosensory Function after Lingual Nerve Repair." Medical Principles and Practice 28, no. 3 (2019): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000497610.
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Objective: Mandibular third molar extractions are important in oral maxillofacial surgery. Damage to the lingual nerves, although rare, is a possible complication. There are reports of postoperative recovery after lingual nerve repair, but few reports have compared subjective and objective assessments of neurosensory function. Therefore, this study aims to compare subjective and objective assessments of neurosensory function after lingual nerve repair. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised 52 patients with lingual nerve anesthesia after third molar extraction at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan, between December 2008 and December 2015. We recorded pre- and postoperative (6 months and 12 months) neurosensory examinations. Results: Patient’s subjective assessments of neurosensory function suggested improvement between the preoperative period and 12 months postoperation, although this difference was not significant. Objective assessment based on examination and testing, on the other hand, showed a significant difference in improvement (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There was no evidence that improvement of subjective preoperative and postoperative assessments was significantly associated with improvement of objective neurosensory assessments after lingual nerve repair. Overall physical condition and background were thought to affect subjective evaluation. Subjective assessment is important in conjunction with objective evaluation because it may reveal dysesthesia that would otherwise be missed. In the future, we will examine those cases in whom subjective assessments showed no improvement although objective assessments showed improvement.
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Wang, Wu Sheng, and Xiao Liang Zhou. "Estimation on Unknown Function of a Class of Generalized Nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm Type Difference Inequality with Iterative Summation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.883.
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The main objective of this paper is to establish a class of new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type difference inequality with iterative summation. By technique of change of variable, amplification method, difference and summation and inverse function, Upper bound estimations of unknown functions in the difference inequality are given. Finally, we study the estimation of the solution of a class of Volterra-Fredholm difference equation by our derived results..
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Alaruri, Sami D. "45.5X Infinity Corrected Schwarzschild Microscope Objective Lens Design." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2018010102.
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In this article, the design of a 45.5X (numerical aperture (NA) =0.5) infinity corrected, or infinite conjugate, Schwarzschild reflective microscope objective lens is discussed. Fast Fourier transform modulation transfer function (FFT MTF= 568.4 lines/mm at 50% contrast for the on-axis field-of-view), root-mean-square wavefront error (RMS WFE= 0.024 waves at 700 nm), point spread function (PSF, Strehl ratio= 0.972), encircled energy (0.88 µm spot radius at 80% fraction of enclosed energy), optical path difference (OPD=-0.644 waves) and Seidel coefficients calculated with Zemax® are provided to show that the design is diffraction-limited and aberration-free. Furthermore, formulas expressing the relationship between the parameters of the two spherical mirrors and the Schwarzschild objective lens focal length are given. In addition, tolerance and sensitivity analysis for the Schwarzschild objective lens, two spherical mirrors indicate that tilting the concave mirror (or secondary mirror) has a higher impact on the modulation transfer function values than tilts introduced by the convex mirror (or primary mirror). Finally, the performed tolerance and sensitivity analysis on the lens design suggests that decentering any of the mirrors by the same distance has the same effect on the modulation transfer function values.
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Wang, J. L., Q. B. Huang, Z. X. Liu, and K. Li. "Explicit High Accuracy Maximum Resolution Dispersion Relation Preserving Schemes for Computational Aeroacoustics." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/142730.
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A set of explicit finite difference schemes with large stencil was optimized to obtain maximum resolution characteristics for various spatial truncation orders. The effect of integral interval range of the objective function on the optimized schemes’ performance is discussed. An algorithm is developed for the automatic determination of this integral interval. Three types of objective functions in the optimization procedure are compared in detail, which show that Tam’s objective function gets the best resolution in explicit centered finite difference scheme. Actual performances of the proposed optimized schemes are demonstrated by numerical simulation of three CAA benchmark problems. The effective accuracy, strengths, and weakness of these proposed schemes are then discussed. At the end, general conclusion on how to choose optimization objective function and optimization ranges is drawn. The results provide clear understanding of the relative effective accuracy of the various truncation orders, especially the trade-off when using large stencil with a relatively high truncation order.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Difference Objective Function"
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Bengtlars, Ann, and Erik Väljamets. "Optimization of Pile Groups : A practical study using Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search with four different objective functions." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-146832.
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Piling is expensive but often necessary when building large structures, for example bridges. Some pile types, such as steel core piles, are very costly and it is therefore of great interest to keep the number piles in a pile group to a minimum. This thesis deals with optimization of pile groups with respect to placement, batter and angle of rotation in order to minimize the number of piles. A program has been developed, where two optimization algorithms named Genetic Algorithm and Direct Search, and four objective functions have been used. These have been tested and compared to find the most suitable for pile group optimization. Three real cases, two bridge supports and one culvert, have been studied, using the program. It has been difficult to draw any clear conclusions since the results have been ambiguous. This is probably because only three cases have been tested and the results are very problemdependent.The outcome depends, for example, on the starting guess and settings for the optimization. However, the results show that the Genetic Algorithm is somewhat more robust in its ability to remove piles than Direct Search and is therefore to prefer in pile group optimization.
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NoroozOliaee, MohammadJavad. "Coordinating secondary-user behaviors for inelastic traffic reward maximization in large-scale DSA networks." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37972.
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We develop efficient coordination techniques that support inelastic traffic in large-scale distributed dynamic spectrum access DSA networks. By means of any learning algorithm, the proposed techniques enable DSA users to locate and exploit spectrum opportunities effectively, thereby increasing their achieved throughput (or "rewards" to be more general). Basically, learning algorithms allow DSA users to learn by interacting with the environment, and use their acquired knowledge to select the proper actions that maximize their own objectives, thereby "hopefully" maximizing their long-term cumulative received reward/throughput. However, when DSA users' objectives are not carefully coordinated, learning algorithms can lead to poor overall system performance, resulting in lesser per-user average achieved rewards.
In this thesis, we derive efficient objective functions that DSA users
an aim to maximize, and that by doing so, users' collective behavior also leads to good overall system performance, thus maximizing each user's long-term cumulative received rewards. We show that the proposed techniques are: (i) efficient by enabling users to achieve high rewards, (ii) scalable by performing well in systems with a small as well as a large number of users, (iii) learnable by allowing users to reach up high rewards very quickly, and (iv) distributive by being implementable in a decentralized manner.Graduation date: 2013
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Chang, Hung-Chia, and 張宏嘉. "The study of using different objective functions with algorithm in gross error detection." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4m2r49.
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碩士國立政治大學
地政學系
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In the field of surveying, Least Square (LS) methods are often used in adjustment. However, LS built on observations usually show with random errors. If observations have gross errors, the solution of LS will be effected easily. So this study uses different objective functions to calculate with different algorithms, and analyzes the ability of gross errors detection with test statistic. The methods in this study are equal weight LS、Iteratively Reweighted LS (IRLS)、Least Absolute Deviation (LAD) and Optimal Weight Matrix (OWM). This study proposes a concept “inverse weight matrix of LAD” to solve the problem that LAD lacks test statistics. And assess the different methods’ results with weight value、 standardized residual and redundant observation component. In simulated data, when observations have less redundant observations, OWM and “inverse weight matrix of LAD” have better ability of gross error detection, and them make the gross errors have lower weight value. With more observations, the IRLS has better result. In real data, the posteriori variance will be effected easily, and lead to every methods can’t locate the gross error. However, OWM and “inverse weight matrix of LAD” can enlarge the standardized residual of gross errors and help user to check the observations.
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"Association of Objectively Measured Physical Activity with Cognitive Function in Black and White Older Adults: Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study." Doctoral diss., 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.30001.
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abstract: Background and purpose: Regular physical activity (PA) provides benefits for cognitive health and helps to improve or maintain quality of life among older adults. Objective PA measures have been increasingly used to overcome limitations of self-report measures. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of objectively measured PA and sedentary time with cognitive function among older adults.
Methods: Participants were recruited from the parent REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) Study. ActicalTM accelerometers provided estimates of PA variables, including moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), high light PA (HLPA), low light PA (LLPA) and sedentary time, for 4-7 consecutive days. Prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment were defined by the Six-Item Screener. Letter fluency, animal fluency, word list learning and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (orientation and recall) were conducted to assess executive function and memory.
Results: Of the 7,339 participants who provided accelerometer wear data > 4 days (70.1 ± 8.6 yr, 54.2% women, 31.7% African American), 320 participants exhibited impaired cognition. In cross-sectional analysis, participants in the highest MVPA% quartile had 39% lower odds of cognitive impairment than those in the lowest quartile (OR: 0.61, 95% C.I.: 0.39-0.95) after full adjustment. Further analysis shows most quartiles of MVPA% and HLPA% were significantly associated with executive function and memory (P<0.01). During 2.7 ± 0.5 years of follow-up, 3,385 participants were included in the longitudinal analysis, with 157 incident cases of cognitive impairment. After adjustments, participants in the highest MVPA% quartile had 51% lower hazards of cognitive impairment (HR: 0.49, 95% C.I.: 0.28-0.86). Additionally, MVPA% was inversely associated with change in memory z-scores (P<0.01), while the highest quartile of HLPA% was inversely associated with change in executive function and memory z-scores (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Higher levels of objectively measured MVPA% were independently associated with lower prevalence and incidence of cognitive impairment, and better memory and executive function in older adults. Higher levels of HLPA% were also independently associated with better memory and executive function. The amount of MVPA associated with lower risk of cognitive impairment (259 min/week) is >70% higher than the minimal amount of MVPA recommended by PA guidelines.Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Physical Activity, Nutrition and Wellness 2015
Books on the topic "Difference Objective Function"
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Natali, Carlo, and Daniela Poli, eds. Città e territori da vivere oggi e domani. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-670-9.
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Town planning entails the complex task of studying the habitat in its variegated aspects, with the objective of introducing functional transformations in response to the demands of the community. Since it is an experimental discipline, however, methods of approach and elaboration can be very different. This book represents the synthesis of the degree theses produced in the Department of Town and Territorial Planning of the University of Florence between 2000 and 2004, selected with a view to achieving a significant overview of the various issues and disciplinary areas. The volume thus addresses topical questions such as the protection of the historic identity, the rethinking of the modern city, obsolete areas and urban gaps, relational processes and spaces, sustainable development and planning, and the settlements of developing countries.
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Hadda, Lamia, ed. Médina. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-248-5.
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Dedicated to the medina in the Mediterranean space, this book is essentially based on detailed historical and photographic research into the characteristics of city design and its evolution, as well as some case studies from direct experience. The main objective of the present study consists of its documentary and evocative value, without forgetting the analysis of the multiple architectural spaces with monumental complexes of extraordinary cultural importance arranged according to precise hierarchies and specific uses. The research summarises the different experiences from this immense Arab-Muslim architectural heritage and its urban evolution. These aspects are expressed both by the large number of case studies (from Cordoba to Palermo, passing through Fez, Séfrou, Marrakech and Tunis) as well as by the quality of the built spaces as a whole. The several contributions show an urban framework that is still legible and significant, consisting of grids of houses with forms, structures and functions that show a concentration of spaces, places and monuments stratified over time and developed in the Mediterranean countries, producing extremely diverse situations.
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Richardson, Henry. Articulating the Moral Community. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190247744.001.0001.
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As this highly original work explains, morality is not fixed objectively, independently of all human judgment, nor is it something that we “invent.” Rather, working within zones of objective indeterminacy, the moral community—the community of all persons—has the authority to introduce new moral norms. These further specify the preexisting moral norms, making an objective difference to individuals’ moral rights and duties. The moral community, so-called, could not exercise authority unless it had some structure whereby it could act. Unlike political communities, which are centralized, noninclusive, and backed by coercion, the moral community is decentralized and inclusive. Its structure depends upon dyadic duties—ones that one individual owes to another. Such duties, the book argues, empower efforts by individuals to work out intelligently with one another how to respond to morally important concerns. The innovative moral input that these efforts can provide is initially authoritative only over the parties involved. Yet when such innovations gain sufficient uptake and have been reflectively accepted by the moral community, they become new moral norms. This account of the moral community’s moral authority is motivated by, and supports, a type of normative ethical theory, constructive ethical pragmatism (CEP), which rejects the consequentialist claim that rightness is to be defined as a function of goodness and the deontological claim that principles of right are fixed independently of the good. Rather, it holds instead that what we ought to do is fixed by our continuing efforts to specify the right and the good in light of each other.
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Irmgard, Marboe. 2 The Function of Compensation and Damages. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198749936.003.0002.
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This chapter analyses the function of compensation and damages in international investment disputes. It shows that compensation upon expropriation serves a different function than damages after an unlawful act, be it breach of a treaty, such as a BIT, or a contract. While the former aims at the restitution of the ‘value’ of the expropriated property, the latter aims at providing “reparation” for the damage caused by the unlawful act. It follows that expropriation compensation should be equivalent to the ‘objective’ value of the expropriated asset while an amount of damages may also include subjective valuation approaches.
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Duggan, John. Candidate Objectives and Electoral Equilibrium. Edited by Donald A. Wittman and Barry R. Weingast. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548477.003.0004.
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This article looks at the known foundational results on spatial models of elections. The issues of equilibrium existence, the characterization of equilibria (in terms of their social welfare properties), and the distance between equilibrium policy and positions of the candidates are examined. It then discusses the results of the case where candidates are able to give precise predictions of voters' behaviour precisely; the article also introduces the ‘Downsian model’. The article looks at two models of probabilistic voting, before finally moving on to consider the most common objective functions that are used to model the electoral incentives of different types of candidates.
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Ž. Jovanović, Vladimir. FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH. Filozofski fakultet Niš, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46630/fen.2021.
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The book Functional English can be viewed as an introductory reading in the domain of functional language, or language used in order to perform certain communicative purposes. Functional language is a concept normally connected with foreign language learners of lower levels and with problems in achieving the designated standards in terms of the four basic language skills. The book is meant to provide a description of the subject matter of Functional English by establishing the basics, as well as the main features and elements of this linguistic domain. The overall objective of the book is to help with the understanding of existing language features sometimes taken for granted, and which may cause communication difficulties. Simultaneously, its ambition is to enable all the interested parties to reaffirm the foundations and build on the existing language repository, in an attempt to achieve a higher level of competence in English used to perform different communicative functions. The term practical language skills within Functional English entails the ability to formulate or articulate one’s communicative message, as well as the ability to interpret correctly or relay clearly to other parties any verbal material relevant to the process of communication. Moreover, being competent in Functional English means being able to select the adequate communication channel or method, where the key factors are the linguistic devices employed, the correlation between the language used and the intended goal, as well as the context of situation and its relation to the audience or the participants in the verbal interaction.
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Bruce-Clark, Peter, and Ashby H. B. Monk. Sovereign Development Funds. Edited by Douglas Cumming, Geoffrey Wood, Igor Filatotchev, and Juliane Reinecke. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198754800.013.30.
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In a slowing global economy with diminished confidence in the long-term prospects of public financial markets, many institutional investors are looking for innovative, and often private, investment strategies to meet expected return targets. One source of potential inspiration has, perhaps surprisingly, come from the community of sovereign development funds. SDFs are strategic, government-sponsored investment organizations with dual objective functions: to deliver high financial performance, while fostering development. Despite expectations that this dual function inevitably leads to financial underperformance, certain SDFs have actually delivered consistently high investment returns, especially in private markets. As such, SDF strategies are increasingly being used as models for investment strategies among non-developmental investment organizations. This chapter explores the rise of SDFs, explains the differences between SDFs and SWFs, and substantiates variations in their models of governance and management. In doing so, its goal is to situate SDFs in the changing world of global financial markets and public policy.
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Sullivan, Mark D. Health as the Capacity for Action. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780195386585.003.0006.
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Objective definitions of health and disease are favored because they promise a value-free measure of health problems and health care needs. But objective health does not simply cause the subjective experience of health. Self-rated health predicts mortality, disability, and hospitalizations for up to a decade after controlling for objective measures of health. Objective tissue abnormalities cannot be discovered to be pathological without reference to the experiences of patients acting in their natural environment. Patients adapt to chronic illness and its functional deficits over time with real improvements in their quality of life. Problems like pain and depression do not distort quality of life assessments, but are at their core. Since neither objective nor subjective models of health are valid, we must derive a different model: health as capacity for action. Any adequate approach to health must foster the patient’s sense of agency, her capacity to achieve her vital goals.
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Ferdinand, Peter. 9. Votes, Elections, Legislatures, and Legislators. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198704386.003.0010.
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This chapter examines some of the central issues associated with voting and electoral systems, along with the functions of legislatures. It begins by discussing the two paradoxes of voting. First, the huge number of citizens in any modern state means that no individual's vote is likely to make the difference between two or more choices, making it potentially ‘irrational’ for any individual to bother to vote at all. Yet votes make democracy possible. The second voting paradox concerns the difficulty of relying upon votes to determine the objective preferences of the public. The chapter proceeds by considering measures that aim to establish quotas to increase gender equality in legislative recruitment. It also describes different types of legislatures and the internal structure of legislatures. Finally, it analyses trends in the backgrounds of legislators in various countries, specifically focusing upon the criticism that they constitute a ‘political class’.
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Nikoletta, Kleftouri. 10 The US Paradigm: Deposit Insurer as Resolution Authority. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743057.003.0010.
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Banking crises prompted the United States to make lending of last resort, deposit insurance, and bank resolution federal responsibilities long before banks crossed state lines in large numbers. The US system offers an existing and successful model, whereby the deposit insurance and resolution functions are combined under a single institution, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The key objective underpinning the FDIC’s choice among different resolution options is that the chosen resolution is that which would result in the least cost to the deposit insurance fund. This chapter sets out the role of the FDIC as the deposit insurer, supervisor, and resolution authority, while also examining some key principles of the US approach to dealing with failing banks.
Book chapters on the topic "Difference Objective Function"
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Feitosa, Fillipe Oliveira, Jan-Hendrik Wolf, and João Lourenço Marques. "Spatial Justice Models: An Exploratory Analysis on Fair Distribution of Opportunities." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2021, 674–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86960-1_51.
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AbstractEquity, fairness, and justice are related concepts widely discussed in several areas of study but remain an open field in terms of spatial justice and support decision systems application. Uneven spatial development have shown a tendency to amplify social inequalities alongside territories. To better understand the spatial configuration and spatial distribution of resources for different social groups, multiple objective criteria can be used to formulate optimal resource allocation. This work discusses spatial justice by utilitarianism and Rawlsian difference principle perspectives to formulate two models based on facility location problem (FLP) framework. Assuming the proximity to a desired opportunity (service or resource) as a measure of wellbeing and satisfaction, we weight the distances to the nearest facility by a social factor based on exponential function. Optimization results tend to favor outliers for weighted FLP, while the regular distances FLP formulation tend to favor heavy urban areas. We found that results are heavy context based, as the distribution of social groups are determinant in optimization process.
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Chi, Jing, Caiming Zhang, and Xiaoming Wu. "Geometric Hermite Curves Based on Different Objective Functions." In Interactive Technologies and Sociotechnical Systems, 253–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11890881_28.
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Ishibuchi, Hisao, Masakazu Yamane, and Yusuke Nojima. "Difficulty in Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimization of Discrete Objective Functions with Different Granularities." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 230–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37140-0_20.
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Shi, Yibing, Jianping Wu, and Guy S. Nusholtz. "Optimal Restraint Conditions for the SID-IIs Dummy with Different Objective Functions." In Dynamics of Coupled Structures, Volume 4, 425–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29763-7_43.
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Stancu-Minasian, I. M. "Overview of Different Approaches for Solving Stochastic Programming Problems with Multiple Objective Functions." In Stochastic Versus Fuzzy Approaches to Multiobjective Mathematical Programming under Uncertainty, 71–101. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2111-5_5.
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Roese-Koerner, Lutz, and Wolf-Dieter Schuh. "Effects of Different Objective Functions in Inequality Constrained and Rank-Deficient Least-Squares Problems." In VIII Hotine-Marussi Symposium on Mathematical Geodesy, 325–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1345_2015_140.
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Trieflinger, Stefan, Jürgen Münch, Emre Bogazköy, Patrick Eißler, Jan Schneider, and Bastian Roling. "Product Roadmap Alignment – Achieving the Vision Together: A Grey Literature Review." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 50–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_6.
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Abstract Context: A product roadmap is an important tool in product development. It sets the strategic direction in which the product is to be developed to achieve the company’s vision. However, for product roadmaps to be successful, it is essential that all stakeholders agree with the company’s vision and objectives and are aligned and committed to a common product plan. Objective: In order to gain a better understanding of product roadmap alignment, this paper aims at identifying measures, activities and techniques in order to align the different stakeholders around the product roadmap. Method: We conducted a grey literature review according the guidelines to Garousi et al. Results: Several approaches to gain alignment were identified such as defining and communicating clear objectives based on the product vision, conducting cross-functional workshops, shuttle diplomacy, and mission briefing. In addition, our review identified the “Behavioural Change Stairway Model” that suggests five steps to gain alignment by building empathy and a trustful relationship.
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Bagdy, Gábor. "Optimal Stabilization with a Macroeconometric Model for Hungary: Investigating the Effects of Different Objective Functions and Time Horizons." In Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, 39–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51675-7_3.
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Tseng, Chiao-I. "Truthfulness and Affect via Digital Mediation in Audiovisual Storytelling." In Beyond Media Borders, Volume 1, 175–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49679-1_5.
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Abstract This chapter investigates different ways in which the film techniques of digitally mediated images—such as found footage, diegetic camera, and computer screen—achieve story truthfulness and affective engagement in the viewer’s narrative interpretation process. The pursuit of truthful storytelling is to demonstrate objective facts, while mediated images in film are predominantly subjective. The chapter starts by reviewing the perennial paradox of two seemingly mutually exclusive narrative functions and then tackles the paradox by proposing a multi-leveled framework, synthesizing semiotic conceptualization and cognitive research findings. It also analyzes the various forms of digital mediated images in films over the last two decades and sheds light on how the functions of truthfulness and affective engagement can be closely intertwined rather than in conflict.
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Brad, Stelian. "Domain Analysis with TRIZ to Define an Effective “Design for Excellence” Framework." In Creative Solutions for a Sustainable Development, 426–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86614-3_34.
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AbstractDesign for Excellence (DfEx) is the name given to an engineering process where a product is designed to meet a set of objective functions that cover its lifecycle. There are negative correlations between different objective functions in this set and issues related to technological complexity are added, since modern products typically fall into the category of smart connected mechatronic products. This context leads to complexity in terms of tackling the design process. Simultaneous engineering and PLM platforms can only partially handle such levels of complexity. To our knowledge, the subject of DfEx was treated in current researches from a limited perspective, which does not necessarily cover the complexity of the present-day context. In order to formulate a reliable DfEx framework, this research considers a strategy based on tools that manage in a systematic way the process of identifying the comprehensive set of barriers and conflicts that obstruct DfEx. This research highlights the level of complexity in setting up a reliable methodology to DfEx of modern, sophisticated mechatronic products. A set of guidelines to be placed at the foundation of an effective DfEx methodology is formulated with the support of TRIZ.
Conference papers on the topic "Difference Objective Function"
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Zhang*, Wei, and Nanxun Dai. "Dual frequency phase difference objective function and its application in Land data FWI." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2015. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2015-5816588.1.
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Smaili, Ahmad. "Design for Cultural Difference." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/edc-34381.
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Design, the cross-fertilization of science and art, is a basic function of all species that occupy a masterfully orchestrated and designed ecosystem in which man is but one. On the other hand, culture with its complex mix is the expression of what a group of people creates — arts, beliefs customs, institutions, products and thought — at a particular time within the context of the natural environment. Design and culture therefore are intimately linked and undoubtedly influence each other. This suggests that designers, with their problem solving skills and keen interest to preserve nature and advance quality of life are capable of reshaping culture in a positive way. This paper is not intended to provide specific answers on how to achieve that, but it highlights some aspects of the design-culture interface and asserts that designers, armed with good will and respect for all have under their disposal a strong force by which they can help fashion a peaceful world. The paper also addresses possible things designers can do to influence that objective.
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Eisele, Andreas, Frank Diermeyer, and Markus Lienkamp. "Objective Characterization of Brake Systems in Motorcycles." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98213.
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Abstract This research presents an objective approach to the brake characteristics of state-of-the-art hydraulic motorcycle brake systems. Research in literature reveals a lack of objective characterization criteria for motorcycles. The relevant characteristic parameters from studies on car brake systems are used to develop a measuring unit meeting the demands for a mobile, reproducible and precise testing system. The concept and validation of this device is presented. This measuring device has been used to measure different motorcycles representing different concepts, and their brake characteristics are shown. The effects on the brake stiffness of typical brake uncertainties, such as air intrusion, are measured and presented. As the automobile brake system is a typical human machine interface used to control deceleration, both technical system parameters and psychophysical aspects are considered in order to objectify the brake characteristic. As a result, this research provides a novel definition of the colloquial pressure point, using measurable parameters such as the pedal characteristic defined by force as a function of displacement. Through an analytical approach two characteristic points, representing the force feedback at the lever and the deceleration feedback of the vehicle are defined. The difference between these points is an objective measure for controllability of the brake system. The results show that the characteristics of a brake system depend on its specific components as well as the actuation velocity. For the first time, an objective explanation is found for the poor controllability of a brake system with entrained free air.
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Phan, Duy Nhat, Hoai Minh Le, and Hoai An Le Thi. "Accelerated Difference of Convex functions Algorithm and its Application to Sparse Binary Logistic Regression." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/190.
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In this work, we present a variant of DCA (Difference of Convex function Algorithm) with the aim to improve its convergence speed. The proposed algorithm, named Accelerated DCA (ADCA), consists in incorporating the Nesterov's acceleration technique into DCA. We first investigate ADCA for solving the standard DC program and rigorously study its convergence properties and the convergence rate. Secondly, we develop ADCA for a special case of the standard DC program whose the objective function is the sum of a differentiable with L-Lipschitz gradient function (possibly nonconvex) and a nonsmooth DC function. We exploit the special structure of the problem to propose an efficient DC decomposition for which the corresponding ADCA scheme is inexpensive. As an application, we consider the sparse binary logistic regression problem. Numerical experiments on several benchmark datasets illustrate the efficiency of our algorithm and its superiority over well-known methods.
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Nopriadi and Yukihiko Yamashita. "Extended maximum a posteriori-based kernel classification trained by linear programming (MAPLP) with adjustment parameter (MAPLP-P) and difference-type objective function (MAPLP-D)." In 2012 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN 2012 - Brisbane). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2012.6252715.
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Simmons-Edler, Riley, Ben Eisner, Daniel Yang, Anthony Bisulco, Eric Mitchell, Sebastian Seung, and Daniel Lee. "Reward Prediction Error as an Exploration Objective in Deep RL." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/390.
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A major challenge in reinforcement learning is exploration, when local dithering methods such as epsilon-greedy sampling are insufficient to solve a given task. Many recent methods have proposed to intrinsically motivate an agent to seek novel states, driving the agent to discover improved reward. However, while state-novelty exploration methods are suitable for tasks where novel observations correlate well with improved reward, they may not explore more efficiently than epsilon-greedy approaches in environments where the two are not well-correlated. In this paper, we distinguish between exploration tasks in which seeking novel states aids in finding new reward, and those where it does not, such as goal-conditioned tasks and escaping local reward maxima. We propose a new exploration objective, maximizing the reward prediction error (RPE) of a value function trained to predict extrinsic reward. We then propose a deep reinforcement learning method, QXplore, which exploits the temporal difference error of a Q-function to solve hard exploration tasks in high-dimensional MDPs. We demonstrate the exploration behavior of QXplore on several OpenAI Gym MuJoCo tasks and Atari games and observe that QXplore is comparable to or better than a baseline state-novelty method in all cases, outperforming the baseline on tasks where state novelty is not well-correlated with improved reward.
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Phan, Long, and Cheng-Xian Lin. "Multi-Objective Optimization of a Data Center Modeling Using Response Surface." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67800.
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Energy consumption and thermal management have become key challenges in the design of large-scale data centers, where perforated tiles are used together with cold and hot aisles configuration to improve thermal management. Although full-field simulations using computational fluid dynamics and heat transfer (CFD/HT) tools can be applied to predict the flow and temperature fields inside data centers, their running time remain the biggest challenge to most modelers. In this paper, response surface methodology based on radial basis function is used to significantly reduce the running time for generating a large set of generations during a two-objective minimization process which uses the genetic algorithm as its main engine. Three design parameters including mass flow inlet, inlet temperature, and server heat load are investigated for a two-objective optimization. The goal is to minimize both the temperature difference and the maximum temperature inside the data center and search for a range of design parameters that satisfy both of these objectives. Numerous radial basis function models are studied and compared. Discussion on a more preferred scheme for the response surface construction is provided. Finally, a graph of Pareto font is generated showing the set of optimal designs in the objective space, and Pareto design validation is also performed.
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Fang, Zhichu, and Miao Wang. "A New Method Seeking Optimal Parameters and Locations for Bearings of Rotating Machinery Systems." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48549.
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A new method to optimize oil-film bearing parameters and choose the best bearing locations was presented here for rotor-bearing systems. Through applying the independent modal space control technique, optimized modal control forces and bearing forces guaranteeing system stability were deduced. The objective function minimizing the square difference between real bearing forces and optimized bearing forces was employed to optimize the bearing parameters. And then the other objective function was established to seek the best bearing locations among several possible choices. An interesting numerical example proved that the proposed approach is correct and efficient.
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Wang, D. X., and L. He. "Adjoint Aerodynamic Design Optimization for Blades in Multi-Stage Turbomachines: Part I—Methodology and Verification." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50208.
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The adjoint method for blade design optimization will be described in this two-part paper. The main objective is to develop the capability of carrying out aerodynamic blading shape design optimization in a multi-stage turbomachinery environment. To this end, an adjoint mixing-plane treatment has been proposed. In the first part, the numerical elements pertinent to the present approach will be described. The gradients of a single objective function of a weighted sum of objectives and constraints with respect to detailed blade shape perturbations are obtained very efficiently by the continuous adjoint method. The steepest descent method is used to drive the design to an optimum. The adjoint mixing-plane treatment enables the adjoint equations to be solved in a multi-stage environment. The adjoint solver is verified by comparing gradient results with a direct finite difference method and through a 2D inverse design. The adjoint mixing-plane treatment is verified by comparing gradient results against those by the finite difference method for a 2D compressor stage. The redesign of the 2D compressor stage further demonstrates the validity of the adjoint mixing-plane treatment and the benefit of using it in a multi-bladerow environment.
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Lyu, Naesung, Amane Shimura, and Kazuhiro Saitou. "Optimal Tolerance Allocation of Automotive Pneumatic Control Valves Based on Product and Process Simulations." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99592.
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This paper discusses a computational method for optimally allocating dimensional tolerances for an automotive pneumatic control valve. Due to the large production volume, costly tight tolerances should be allocated only to the dimensions that have high influence to the quality. Given a parametric geometry of a valve, the problem is posed as a multi-objective optimization with respect to product quality and production cost. The product quality is defined as 1) the deviation from the nominal valve design in the linearity of valve stroke and fluidic force, and 2) the difference in fluidic force with and without cavitation. These quality measures are estimated by using Monte Carlo simulation on a Radial-Basis Function Network (RBFN) trained with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of the valve operation. The production cost is estimated by the tolerance-cost relationship obtained from the discrete event simulations of valve production process. A multi-objective genetic algorithm is utilized to generate Pareto optimal tolerance allocations with respect to these objectives, and alternative tolerance allocations are proposed considering the trade-offs among multiple objectives.
Reports on the topic "Difference Objective Function"
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Carney, Nancy, Tamara Cheney, Annette M. Totten, Rebecca Jungbauer, Matthew R. Neth, Chandler Weeks, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, et al. Prehospital Airway Management: A Systematic Review. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer243.
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Objective. To assess the comparative benefits and harms across three airway management approaches (bag valve mask [BVM], supraglottic airway [SGA], and endotracheal intubation [ETI]) by emergency medical services in the prehospital setting, and how the benefits and harms differ based on patient characteristics, techniques, and devices. Data sources. We searched electronic citation databases (Ovid® MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus®) from 1990 to September 2020 and reference lists, and posted a Federal Register notice request for data. Review methods. Review methods followed Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Evidence-based Practice Center Program methods guidance. Using pre-established criteria, studies were selected and dual reviewed, data were abstracted, and studies were evaluated for risk of bias. Meta-analyses using profile-likelihood random effects models were conducted when data were available from studies reporting on similar outcomes, with analyses stratified by study design, emergency type, and age. We qualitatively synthesized results when meta-analysis was not indicated. Strength of evidence (SOE) was assessed for primary outcomes (survival, neurological function, return of spontaneous circulation [ROSC], and successful advanced airway insertion [for SGA and ETI only]). Results. We included 99 studies (22 randomized controlled trials and 77 observational studies) involving 630,397 patients. Overall, we found few differences in primary outcomes when airway management approaches were compared. • For survival, there was moderate SOE for findings of no difference for BVM versus ETI in adult and mixed-age cardiac arrest patients. There was low SOE for no difference in these patients for BVM versus SGA and SGA versus ETI. There was low SOE for all three comparisons in pediatric cardiac arrest patients, and low SOE in adult trauma patients when BVM was compared with ETI. • For neurological function, there was moderate SOE for no difference for BVM compared with ETI in adults with cardiac arrest. There was low SOE for no difference in pediatric cardiac arrest for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. In adults with cardiac arrest, neurological function was better for BVM and ETI compared with SGA (both low SOE). • ROSC was applicable only in cardiac arrest. For adults, there was low SOE that ROSC was more frequent with SGA compared with ETI, and no difference for BVM versus SGA or BVM versus ETI. In pediatric patients there was low SOE of no difference for BVM versus ETI and SGA versus ETI. • For successful advanced airway insertion, low SOE supported better first-pass success with SGA in adult and pediatric cardiac arrest patients and adult patients in studies that mixed emergency types. Low SOE also supported no difference for first-pass success in adult medical patients. For overall success, there was moderate SOE of no difference for adults with cardiac arrest, medical, and mixed emergency types. • While harms were not always measured or reported, moderate SOE supported all available findings. There were no differences in harms for BVM versus SGA or ETI. When SGA was compared with ETI, there were no differences for aspiration, oral/airway trauma, and regurgitation; SGA was better for multiple insertion attempts; and ETI was better for inadequate ventilation. Conclusions. The most common findings, across emergency types and age groups, were of no differences in primary outcomes when prehospital airway management approaches were compared. As most of the included studies were observational, these findings may reflect study design and methodological limitations. Due to the dynamic nature of the prehospital environment, the results are susceptible to indication and survival biases as well as confounding; however, the current evidence does not favor more invasive airway approaches. No conclusion was supported by high SOE for any comparison and patient group. This supports the need for high-quality randomized controlled trials designed to account for the variability and dynamic nature of prehospital airway management to advance and inform clinical practice as well as emergency medical services education and policy, and to improve patient-centered outcomes.
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Vogt, Carsten. Differences in measurements of hyperactivity between objective testing using infrared motion analysis (QbTest) and behavioural rating scales when comparing problems in alerting functions and response inhibition during the clinical assessment of ADHD. Science Repository OÜ, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.pdr.2018.02.002.
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Jalil, Yorschua, and Ruvistay Gutierrez. Myokines secretion and their role in critically ill patients. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0048.
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Review question / Objective: 1-How and by which means stimulated muscle from critically ill patients can liberate myokines?, 2-Which are the main characteristics of the critically ill population studied and if some of these influenced myokine´s secretion?, 5-Can myokines exert local or distant effects in critically ill patients?, 5-Which are the potential effects of myokines in critically ill patients? Eligibility criteria: Participants and context: We will include primary studies (randomized or non-randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case report) that consider hospitalized critically ill adult patients (18 years or older) in risk for developing some degree of neuromuscular disorders such as ICU-AW, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or muscle weakness, therefore the specific setting will be critical care. Concept: This review will be focused on studies regarding the secretion or measure of myokines or similar (exerkines, cytokines or interleukin) by any mean of muscle activation or muscle contraction such as physical activity, exercise or NMES, among others. The latter strategies must be understood as any mean by which muscle, and there for myocytes, are stimulated as result of muscle contraction, regardless of the frequency, intensity, time of application and muscle to be stimulated (upper limb, lower limb, thoracic or abdominal muscles). We also will consider myokine´s effects, local or systemic, over different tissues in terms of their structure or function, such as myocytes function, skeletal muscle mass and strength, degree of muscle wasting or myopathies, among others.
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Garsa, Adam, Julie K. Jang, Sangita Baxi, Christine Chen, Olamigoke Akinniranye, Owen Hall, Jody Larkin, Aneesa Motala, Sydne Newberry, and Susanne Hempel. Radiation Therapy for Brain Metasases. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer242.
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Objective. This evidence report synthesizes the available evidence on radiation therapy for brain metastases. Data sources. We searched PubMed®, Embase®, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL®, clinicaltrials.gov, and published guidelines in July 2020; assessed independently submitted data; consulted with experts; and contacted authors. Review methods. The protocol was informed by Key Informants. The systematic review was supported by a Technical Expert Panel and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020168260). Two reviewers independently screened citations; data were abstracted by one reviewer and checked by an experienced reviewer. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies (for safety assessments), evaluating whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone or in combination, as initial or postoperative treatment, with or without systemic therapy for adults with brain metastases due to non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, or melanoma. Results. In total, 97 studies, reported in 190 publications, were identified, but the number of analyses was limited due to different intervention and comparator combinations as well as insufficient reporting of outcome data. Risk of bias varied; 25 trials were terminated early, predominantly due to poor accrual. Most studies evaluated WBRT, alone or in combination with SRS, as initial treatment; 10 RCTs reported on post-surgical interventions. The combination treatment SRS plus WBRT compared to SRS alone or WBRT alone showed no statistically significant difference in overall survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.09; confidence interval [CI], 0.69 to 1.73; 4 RCTs; low strength of evidence [SoE]) or death due to brain metastases (relative risk [RR], 0.93; CI, 0.48 to 1.81; 3 RCTs; low SoE). Radiation therapy after surgery did not improve overall survival compared with surgery alone (HR, 0.98; CI, 0.76 to 1.26; 5 RCTs; moderate SoE). Data for quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects were insufficient to determine effects of WBRT, SRS, or post-surgical interventions. We did not find systematic differences across interventions in serious adverse events radiation necrosis, fatigue, or seizures (all low or moderate SoE). WBRT plus systemic therapy (RR, 1.44; CI, 1.03 to 2.00; 14 studies; moderate SoE) was associated with increased risks for vomiting compared to WBRT alone. Conclusion. Despite the substantial research literature on radiation therapy, comparative effectiveness information is limited. There is a need for more data on patient-relevant outcomes such as quality of life, functional status, and cognitive effects.
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Lee, Jusang, John E. Haddock, Dario D. Batioja Alvarez, and Reyhaneh Rahbar Rastegar. Quality Control and Quality Assurance of Asphalt Mixtures Using Laboratory Rutting and Cracking Tests. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317087.
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The main objectives of this project were to review the available balanced-mix design (BMD) methodologies, understand the I-FIT and Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) test methods using INDOT asphalt mixtures, and to explore the application of these tests to both a BMD approach and as performance-related Quality Control (QC) and Quality Acceptance (QA) methods. Two QA mixture specimen types, plant-mixed laboratory-compacted (PMLC) and plant-mixed field-compacted (PMFC) were used in the determination of cracking and rutting parameters. Distribution functions for the flexibility index (FI) values and rutting parameters were determined for various mixture types. The effects of specimen geometry and air voids contents on the calculated Flexibility Index (FI) and rutting parameters were investigated. The fatigue characteristics of selected asphalt mixtures were determined using the S-VECD test according to different FI levels for different conditions. A typical full-depth pavement section was implemented in FlexPAVE to explore the cracking characteristics of INDOT asphalt mixtures by investigating the relationship between the FI values of QA samples with the FlexPAVE pavement performance predictions. The FI values obtained from PMFC specimens were consistently higher than their corresponding PMLC specimens. This study also found that FI values were affected significantly by variations in specimen thickness and air voids contents, having higher FI values with higher air voids contents and thinner specimens. These observations do not agree with the general material-performance expectations that better cracking resistance is achieved with lower air voids content and thicker layers. Additionally, PG 70-22 mixtures show the lowest mean FI values followed by the PG 76-22 and 64-22 mixtures. The same order was observed from the ΔTc (asphalt binder cracking index) of INDOT’s 2017 and 2018 projects. Finally, it was found that the HWTT showed reasonable sensitivity to the different characteristics (e.g., aggregate sizes, binder types, and air voids contents) of asphalt mixtures. Mixtures containing modified asphalt binders showed better rut resistance and higher Rutting Resistance Index (RRI) than those containing unmodified binders.
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Oltarzhevskyi, Dmytro. HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11067.
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The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.