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1
Cao, Bing-wei, Xin-hui Liu, Wei Chen, Yong Zhang, and Ai-min Li. "Depth Optimization Analysis of Articulated Steering Hinge Position Based on Genetic Algorithm." Algorithms 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2019): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a12030055.
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Articulated steering is affected by the position of the articulated points of the steering cylinder. When the two steering cylinders turn, there is a stroke difference and arm of force difference. The existence of the above differences causes the pressure fluctuation of the steering system. Firstly, the mathematical model of the steering mechanism is established through theoretical analysis. Then, the coordinates of the hinge points of the steering cylinder are optimized using genetic algorithm (GA) with the stroke difference function and cylinder pressure function as the objective functions. The curves of the stroke difference and the arm of force difference of the steering cylinder are obtained by mathematical modeling, and the correctness of the GA is verified. According to the optimization results, the wheel loader prototype was reconstructed, and the reconstruction verified by corresponding sensors. The experimental curves show that the steering system has no obvious pressure fluctuation. Finally, the arm of force difference and stroke difference curves were analyzed, and it was concluded that the arm of force difference was the main cause of pressure fluctuation. The objective function was improved, and the arm of force function and cylinder pressure function were taken as the objective functions to continue the optimization by GA. The arm of force difference and stroke difference after optimization were reduced, which provides a constructive reference for the design of articulated steering systems in the future.
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Wang, Xueyong, Ying Zhang, Haibin Chen, and Xipeng Kou. "Convergence Rate Analysis of the Proximal Difference of the Convex Algorithm." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (January 4, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5629868.
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In this paper, we study the convergence rate of the proximal difference of the convex algorithm for the problem with a strong convex function and two convex functions. By making full use of the special structure of the difference of convex decomposition, we prove that the convergence rate of the proximal difference of the convex algorithm is linear, which is measured by the objective function value.
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Qin, Yong Zhou, and Wu Sheng Wang. "Generalized Nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm Type Sum-Difference Inequality." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.887.
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The main objective of this paper is to establish a class of new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type difference inequality, where the inequalities consist of multiple iterated sums. By technique of change of variable, difference and summation and inverse function, upper bound estimations of unknown functions are given. The derived results can be applied in the study of solutions of Volterra-Fredholm type difference equations.
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Pan, Yudi, Lingli Gao, and Renat Shigapov. "Multi-objective waveform inversion of shallow seismic wavefields." Geophysical Journal International 220, no. 3 (November 28, 2019): 1619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz539.
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SUMMARY It has been increasingly popular to use shallow-seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) to reconstruct near-surface structures. Conventional FWI tries to resolve the earth model by minimizing the difference between observed and synthetic seismic data using a certain criterion (conventionally, l2-norm of waveform difference). In this paper, we propose a multi-objective waveform inversion (MOWI) in which the similarity of data is quantified and minimized using multiple criteria simultaneously. By doing so, we expand the dimensionality of objective space as well as the mapping from data space to objective space, which provides MOWI higher freedom in exploring the model space compared to single-objective FWI. We combine three different scalar-valued objective functions into a vector-valued multi-objective function which measures the similarity of the waveform, the waveform envelope, and the amplitude spectra of the data, respectively. This multi-objective function takes not only trace-based waveform and wave packet similarity but also the dispersion characteristics of surface waves into account. Furthermore, the uncertainty in the inversion result could be estimated and analysed quantitatively by the variance of the optimal models. We propose a modified ϵ-constraint algorithm to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. Two synthetic examples are used to show the advantages of using MOWI compared to single-objective FWI. We also test the efficiency of MOWI by using two synthetic shallow-seismic examples, which confirm that MOWI can converge to a better result compared to the conventional single-objective FWI.
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Wang, Wu Sheng. "Estimation on Unknown Function of a Class of Generalized Nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm Type Difference Inequality." Advanced Materials Research 889-890 (February 2014): 571–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.889-890.571.
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The main objective of this paper is to establish a class of new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type difference inequality. Upper bound estimations of unknown functions are given by technique of change of variable, amplification method, difference and summation and inverse function. The derived results can be applied in the study of solutions of Volterra-Fredholm type difference equations.
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Li, Cai Feng, and Wu Sheng Wang. "A Class of Difference Inequality and an Application to Discrete-Time Control Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 1295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.1295.
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The main objective of this paper is to establish a class of new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type sum-difference inequality with two variables. By technique of change of variable, amplification method, difference and summation and inverse function, upper bound estimations of unknown functions are given. The derived results can be applied in the study of solutions of Volterra-Fredholm type difference equations.
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Shintani, Yukari, Takashi Nakanishi, Masamichi Ueda, Naoki Mizobata, Itaru Tojyo, and Shigeyuki Fujita. "Comparison of Subjective and Objective Assessments of Neurosensory Function after Lingual Nerve Repair." Medical Principles and Practice 28, no. 3 (2019): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000497610.
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Objective: Mandibular third molar extractions are important in oral maxillofacial surgery. Damage to the lingual nerves, although rare, is a possible complication. There are reports of postoperative recovery after lingual nerve repair, but few reports have compared subjective and objective assessments of neurosensory function. Therefore, this study aims to compare subjective and objective assessments of neurosensory function after lingual nerve repair. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective cohort study comprised 52 patients with lingual nerve anesthesia after third molar extraction at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wakayama Medical University Hospital, Wakayama, Japan, between December 2008 and December 2015. We recorded pre- and postoperative (6 months and 12 months) neurosensory examinations. Results: Patient’s subjective assessments of neurosensory function suggested improvement between the preoperative period and 12 months postoperation, although this difference was not significant. Objective assessment based on examination and testing, on the other hand, showed a significant difference in improvement (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There was no evidence that improvement of subjective preoperative and postoperative assessments was significantly associated with improvement of objective neurosensory assessments after lingual nerve repair. Overall physical condition and background were thought to affect subjective evaluation. Subjective assessment is important in conjunction with objective evaluation because it may reveal dysesthesia that would otherwise be missed. In the future, we will examine those cases in whom subjective assessments showed no improvement although objective assessments showed improvement.
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Wang, Wu Sheng, and Xiao Liang Zhou. "Estimation on Unknown Function of a Class of Generalized Nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm Type Difference Inequality with Iterative Summation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 519-520 (February 2014): 883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.519-520.883.
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The main objective of this paper is to establish a class of new nonlinear Volterra-Fredholm type difference inequality with iterative summation. By technique of change of variable, amplification method, difference and summation and inverse function, Upper bound estimations of unknown functions in the difference inequality are given. Finally, we study the estimation of the solution of a class of Volterra-Fredholm difference equation by our derived results..
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Alaruri, Sami D. "45.5X Infinity Corrected Schwarzschild Microscope Objective Lens Design." International Journal of Measurement Technologies and Instrumentation Engineering 7, no. 1 (January 2018): 17–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmtie.2018010102.
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In this article, the design of a 45.5X (numerical aperture (NA) =0.5) infinity corrected, or infinite conjugate, Schwarzschild reflective microscope objective lens is discussed. Fast Fourier transform modulation transfer function (FFT MTF= 568.4 lines/mm at 50% contrast for the on-axis field-of-view), root-mean-square wavefront error (RMS WFE= 0.024 waves at 700 nm), point spread function (PSF, Strehl ratio= 0.972), encircled energy (0.88 µm spot radius at 80% fraction of enclosed energy), optical path difference (OPD=-0.644 waves) and Seidel coefficients calculated with Zemax® are provided to show that the design is diffraction-limited and aberration-free. Furthermore, formulas expressing the relationship between the parameters of the two spherical mirrors and the Schwarzschild objective lens focal length are given. In addition, tolerance and sensitivity analysis for the Schwarzschild objective lens, two spherical mirrors indicate that tilting the concave mirror (or secondary mirror) has a higher impact on the modulation transfer function values than tilts introduced by the convex mirror (or primary mirror). Finally, the performed tolerance and sensitivity analysis on the lens design suggests that decentering any of the mirrors by the same distance has the same effect on the modulation transfer function values.
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Wang, J. L., Q. B. Huang, Z. X. Liu, and K. Li. "Explicit High Accuracy Maximum Resolution Dispersion Relation Preserving Schemes for Computational Aeroacoustics." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/142730.
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A set of explicit finite difference schemes with large stencil was optimized to obtain maximum resolution characteristics for various spatial truncation orders. The effect of integral interval range of the objective function on the optimized schemes’ performance is discussed. An algorithm is developed for the automatic determination of this integral interval. Three types of objective functions in the optimization procedure are compared in detail, which show that Tam’s objective function gets the best resolution in explicit centered finite difference scheme. Actual performances of the proposed optimized schemes are demonstrated by numerical simulation of three CAA benchmark problems. The effective accuracy, strengths, and weakness of these proposed schemes are then discussed. At the end, general conclusion on how to choose optimization objective function and optimization ranges is drawn. The results provide clear understanding of the relative effective accuracy of the various truncation orders, especially the trade-off when using large stencil with a relatively high truncation order.
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Miao, Zhongzheng, and Jinhai Zhang. "Reducing error accumulation of optimized finite-difference scheme using the minimum norm." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): T275—T291. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0758.1.
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The finite-difference (FD) scheme is popular in the field of seismic exploration for numerical simulation of wave propagation; however, its accuracy and computational efficiency are restricted by the numerical dispersion caused by numerical discretization of spatial partial derivatives using coarse grids. The constant-coefficient optimization method is used widely for suppressing the numerical dispersion by tuning the FD weights. Although gaining a wider effective bandwidth under a given error tolerance, this method undoubtedly encounters larger errors at low wavenumbers and accumulates significant errors. We have developed an approach to reduce the error accumulation. First, we construct an objective function based on the [Formula: see text] norm, which can constrain the total error better than the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] norms. Second, we translated our objective function into a constrained [Formula: see text]-norm minimization model, which can be solved by the alternating direction method of multipliers. Finally, we perform theoretical analyses and numerical experiments to illustrate the accuracy improvement. The proposed method is shown to be superior to the existing constant-coefficient optimization methods at the low-wavenumber region; thus, we can obtain higher accuracy with less error accumulation, particularly at longer simulation times. The widely used objective functions, defined by the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] norms, could handle a relatively wider range of accurate wavenumbers, compared with our objective function defined by the [Formula: see text] norm, but their actual errors would be much larger than the given error tolerance at some azimuths rather than axis directions (e.g., about twice at 45°), which greatly degrade the overall numerical accuracy. In contrast, our scheme can obtain a relatively even 2D error distribution at various azimuths, with an apparently smaller error. The peak error of the proposed method is only 40%–65% that of the [Formula: see text] norm under the same error tolerance, or only 60%–80% that of the [Formula: see text] norm under the same effective bandwidth.
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Tan, D., ZR Lu, and JK Liu. "A two-step method for damage identification in beam structures based on influence line difference and acceleration data." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 7 (July 2018): 168781401878740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018787404.
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This article presents a two-step approach for structural damage identification in beam structure. Damages are located using the influence line difference before and after damage, the calculation of damage severity is accomplished by acceleration data and bird mating optimizer algorithm. Local damages are simulated as the reduction of both the elemental Young’s modulus and mass of the beam. The technique for damage localization based on displacement influence line difference and its derivatives for beam structure has been outlined. An objective function that comprises dynamic acceleration is utilized in bird mating optimizer. All data are originated from only a few measurement points. Two numerical examples, namely, a simply supported beam and a four-span continuous beam, are investigated in this article. Identification results from different objective functions are compared with results from objective function conventional modal assurance criterion, which shows the superiority of the proposed function. In addition, results of dynamic responses under different types of excitation are presented. The effect of measurement noise level on damage identification results is studied. Studies in the article indicate that the proposed method is efficient and robust for identifying damages in beam structures.
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Ramirez, Ricardo L., Windolyn D. Panganiban, and Joel A. Ramirez. "Subjective and Objective Assessment of Olfactory Function in Post-Laryngectomy Patients." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 24, no. 2 (November 29, 2009): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v24i2.679.
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Objective: To determine the olfactory function among post-laryngectomy patients using a questionnaire adapted from that of the Smell and Taste Clinic of Hospital of University Pennsylvania (HUP) and the Santo Tomas Smell Identification Test.
Methods:
Design: Descriptive study
Setting: Tertiary Private Hospital Outpatient Department
Patients: Twenty five subjects who had undergone total laryngectomy and met inclusion and exclusion criteria underwent rigid nasal endoscopy and olfactory function assessment using an adaptation of the questionnaire of the Smell and Taste Clinic of Hospital of University Pennsylvania (HUP) and the Santo Tomas Smell Identification Test (ST-SIT).
Results: Twenty one male subjects completed olfactory testing. All had subjective sense of smell before laryngectomy. Statistically significant correlation was noted between the subjective post-operative smell function and the objective olfactory function test scores. There was no statistically significant difference noted in the ST SIT scores with regards age, duration from laryngectomy to olfactory testing, number of smoking pack- years, use of olfactory technique/maneuver, loss of appetite and adjunctive chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Conclusion: All subjects post-laryngectomy had subjective complaints of varying levels of olfactory difficulties based on a structured questionnaire and were documented to be anosmic by an objective smell identification test. Olfactory problems following laryngectomy can have significant effects on the lives of laryngectomees, and health care providers should be knowledgeable of available management options for this condition.
Key words: olfaction, anosmia, total laryngectomy, olfactory testing
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Kunkel, Martin, Ulrich Wahlmann, and Wilfried Wagner. "Objective, Noninvasive Evaluation of Velopharyngeal Function in Cleft and Noncleft Patients." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 35, no. 1 (January 1998): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0035_oneovf_2.3.co_2.
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Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate a new diagnostic method that provides an approach to noninvasive, objective measurement of velopharyngeal movement by acoustic determination of epipharyngeal volume changes with velopharyngeal muscle function. Design This was a case control study, using consecutive samples. Setting This study took place at the Cleft Palate Rehabilitation Center of the University of Mainz, Germany. Patients Subjects were 29 consecutive cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients and 31 controls (21 patients with dysgnathia and 10 healthy volunteers). Intervention A series of transnasal acoustic measurements (pressure wave: 55 dB for 2 milliseconds) of epipharyngeal volume were performed with the pharyngeal muscles relaxed in end-expiration and while the velopharyngeal orifice was closed, with the difference in volume representing maximal pharyngeal movement. Results Cleft palate patients yielded significantly lower values of velopharyngeal movement (6.5 cm3) than did the control group (8.0 cm3)(p < .05; Mann-Whitney U test). Overlapping ranges of values were measured for the C(L)P and control groups. The least mobility (4.75 cm3) was measured in patients who had undergone pharyngeal flap surgery. Different patterns of restriction were observed in patients with and without a pharyngeal flap. Conclusion Acoustic pharyngometry may provide access to noninvasive quantitative measurement of velopharyngeal movement and a better understanding of the pattern of movement in C(L)P-patients. We expect it to be a helpful tool in objectively monitoring the progress of logopedic therapy.
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van Munster, Caspar EP, Levent Kaya, Morgan Obura, Nynke F. Kalkers, and Bernard MJ Uitdehaag. "Minimal clinically important difference of improvement on the Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire (AMSQ)." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 26, no. 4 (January 18, 2019): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458518823489.
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Background: The Arm Function in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire (AMSQ) has been developed to assess upper extremity function of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). A minimal clinically important difference (MCID) value has not been determined yet. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine an MCID for AMSQ. Methods: We used the sensitivity- and specificity-based approach with dichotomized global perceived effect as an anchor. Results: The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve yielded an optimal threshold value of 14.5 (sensitivity 0.68 and specificity 0.79). The area under the ROC curve value was 0.77. Conclusion: We identified an MCID of 15 points for the AMSQ (range 31–186).
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Kasri, Ramzi, and Fatima Bellahcene. "A novel approach for solving stochastic problems with multiple objective functions." RAIRO - Operations Research 55, no. 4 (July 2021): 2413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021112.
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In this paper we suggest an approach for solving a multiobjective stochastic linear programming problem with normal multivariate distributions. Our approach is a combination between a multiobjective method and a nonconvex technique. The problem is first transformed into a deterministic multiobjective problem introducing the expected value criterion and an utility function that represents the decision makers preferences. The obtained problem is reduced to a mono-objective quadratic problem using a weighting method. This last problem is solved by DC (Difference of Convex) programming and DC algorithm. A numerical example is included for illustration.
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Wang, De Sheng, and Ai Ping Zhou. "Practical Optimization Algorithm for Discrete Variables." Applied Mechanics and Materials 42 (November 2010): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.42.39.
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In order to solve the optimization problems of discrete variable in mechanism design, beginning vertexes to meet all of performance restriction conditions can be given by the technician from upper boundary of design variables by means of man-machine interactive method. Objective function of each beginning vertex is calculated and arranged from small to large, the vertex of maximum and minimum of objective function are found. The difference between the vertex of minimum and maximum of objective function are calculated and new point is made up from the minimum point and the difference. The new point is used in stead of the vertex of the maximum objective function if the objective function of the new point is less than the maximum of beginning vertexes. The new composite figure is made up again and the new point is calculated until all design variables reach to under boundary. Then the vertex of minimum objective function is regarded to as the optimization point. This method is very fit for the optimization of discrete variables of low dimension and is higher calculation efficiency because the hominine brightness is combined with the high speed calculation ability.
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Mayo, Robert, Donald W. Warren, and David J. Zajac. "Intraoral Pressure and Velopharyngeal Function." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 35, no. 4 (July 1998): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1998_035_0299_ipavf_2.3.co_2.
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Objective The objective of this study was to determine the influence of velopharyngeal (VP) inadequacy on respiratory speech compensations. Design The pressure-flow technique was used to measure pressure, airflow, and timing variables associated with VP closure during the production of the initial plosive consonant /p/ in a series of the utterance “papa.” Setting The study was conducted in the speech and breathing laboratory of the UNC Craniofacial Center. Participants Eighty-two subjects with cleft lip and/or palate were assessed. The subjects were divided into two groups, those with adequate VP closure (VP size <.010 cm2) and those with inadequate VP closure (VP size >0.10 cm2). The adequate group was comprised of 62 subjects, and 20 subjects were categorized as inadequate. Results Peak intraoral pressure decreased in the inadequate group, but the difference was not significant. Nasal airflow increased (p < .01), but duration of the pressure pulse was the same for both groups. The area under the pressure curve decreased for the inadequate group (p = .04). Conclusion These data contrast with previously reported published data using /p/ in the utterance “hamper.” This suggests that phonetic context influences the compensatory response to velopharyngeal inadequacy. Additionally, while the findings are somewhat similar to studies that involved noncleft subjects whose oral airway was suddenly vented during the production of /p/, there is enough difference to suggest that learning also affects the compensatory outcome.
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Mietchen, Jonathan J., David P. Bennett, Trevor Huff, Dawson W. Hedges, and Shawn D. Gale. "Executive Function in Pediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing: A Meta-analysis." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 22, no. 8 (August 2, 2016): 839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617716000643.
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AbstractObjectives:Evaluate the association between pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) and executive functioning.Methods:We searched multiple electronic databases for peer-reviewed journal articles related to pediatric SDB and executive functioning. We included studies that assessed SDBviapolysomnography, included objective or questionnaire measures of executive function, and had an age-matched control group. Fourteen articles met inclusion criteria with a total sample of 1697 children ages 5 to 17 years (M=9.81 years;SD=0.34). We calculated an overall effect size for each of the five executive domains (vigilance, inhibition, working memory, shifting, and generativity) as well as effect sizes according to SDB severity: mild, moderate, severe. We also calculated effect sizes separately for objective and subjective questionnaires of executive functioning.Results:We found a medium effect size (−0.427) for just one of five executive function domains on objective neuropsychological measures (generativity). In contrast, effect sizes on all three executive domains measuredviaquestionnaire data were significant, with effect sizes ranging from medium (−0.64) to large (−1.06). We found no difference between executive domains by severity of SDB.Conclusions:This meta-analysis of executive function separated into five domains in pediatric SDB suggested lower performance in generativity on objective neuropsychological measures. There were no differences associated with SDB severity. Questionnaire data suggested dysfunction across the three executive domains measured (inhibition, working memory, shifting). Overall, limited evidence suggested poorer performance in executive function in children with SDB according to objective testing, and subjective ratings of executive function suggested additional worsened performance. (JINS, 2016,22, 839–850)
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Kumar, Sudhir, Vijay Kumar, and S. S. Bhatia. "Some New Difference Sequence Spaces of Invariant Means Defined by Ideal and Modulus Function." International Journal of Analysis 2014 (May 28, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/631301.
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The main objective of this paper is to introduce a new kind of sequence spaces by combining the concepts of modulus function, invariant means, difference sequences, and ideal convergence. We also examine some topological properties of the resulting sequence spaces. Further, we introduce a new concept of SθσΔm(I)-convergence and obtain a condition under which this convergence coincides with above-mentioned sequence spaces.
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Fan, Qin Man, and Yong Hai Wu. "The Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a Forklift Steering Mechanism." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 884–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.884.
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The design and quality of steering mechanism is directly related to forklift traction, mobility, steering stability and safe operation. A multi-objective optimization model of the forklift steering mechanism is established in this paper. The objective function is minimum oil cylinder stroke difference and the minimum power oil pump. Steering torque, geometrical angles, geometry size and the hydraulic system pressure are used as constraint conditions. We use non dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA II) based on the Pareto optimal concept to optimize and calculate model and get the optimal design of steering mechanism.
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Garzaro, Massimiliano, Giancarlo Pecorari, Giuseppe Riva, Valentina Pennacchietti, Paolo Pacca, Luca Raimondo, Eleonora Tron, Alessandro Ducati, and Francesco Zenga. "Nasal Functions in Three-Dimensional Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 128, no. 3 (December 10, 2018): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003489418816723.
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Objectives: Endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery has become the standard procedure for the majority of skull base diseases, including sellar, parasellar, and clival pathologies. The aim of this study was the objective evaluation of nasal airflow resistances and olfactory function in 3-dimensional (3D) endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery. Methods: One hundred patients who underwent 3D transnasal endoscopic surgery for sellar, parasellar, and clival diseases were enrolled. Active anterior rhinomanometry and Sniffin’ Sticks tests were performed before endoscopic surgery and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results: No significant difference about nasal airflow resistance and olfactory function was observed between preoperative and postoperative subjective and objective scores. In the group of patients with sellar and parasellar diseases, a worst nasal respiratory function was seen when crusting was present, and a worst olfactory function was observed in patients with synechiae. Nasal functions returned to previous levels when crusting or synechiae solved. No statistically significant correlation was observed between the evaluated nasal functions and the reconstruction with flaps. Conclusions: The 3D endoscopic transnasal transsphenoidal surgery represents a more and more important tool in skull base surgery. It does not determine nasal respiratory and olfactory alterations after the treatment, without an increase in nasal complaints that could worsen quality of life.
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Pergolotti, Mackenzi, Kelley Renee Covington, Ashley N. Lightner, Jessica Bertram, Melissa Thess, Julia L. Sharp, Matthew B. Spraker, Grant Richard Williams, and Peter Manning. "Outpatient cancer rehabilitation to improve patient reported and objective measures of function." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e19325-e19325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e19325.
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e19325 Background: Adults with cancer often struggle with persistent symptoms that negatively impact quality of life (QoL), physical and social function. Cancer rehabilitation delivered by a trained physical and/or occupational therapist (PT/OT) is recommended. However, evidence is lacking regarding the impact of community-based PT/OT on patients' functioning. Methods: We assessed adults (≥ 18 years) who completed cancer-specific visits in routine care at two outpatient rehabilitation clinics. Demographic and clinical data was patient-reported. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures included: Global Physical Health (GPH) and Mental Health (GMH) scale (10 item); Physical Function (PF; 4-item), and Ability to Participate in Social Roles and Activities (SRA; 4-item). Hand grip strength (HGS) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) were administered by PT/OT. We compared outcomes collected during the first and final therapy evaluations using paired samples t-test and calculated effect size using Cohen’s d. We used independent t-test to compare mean pre-post change between patients on active treatment versus post-treatment. Results: Patients (N= 185) were predominantly female (75%), 41-64 years old (57%), and majority receiving cancer treatment (58%). Most (N =115, 62%) completed at least one follow-up evaluation over 6 weeks. From pre to post therapy, a significant (p<.05; d = 0 .35-.21) effect was observed for GPH, SRA, HGS, and TUG. There was no difference in the average improvement between active and post-treatment groups. Conclusions: Community-based cancer-specific PT/OT has a significant impact on the well-being and functioning of adults with cancer. Evidence supports the utilization of community-based, cancer-specific PT/OT throughout the cancer-care continuum. [Table: see text]
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Liu, Bo, Ian Gemp, Mohammad Ghavamzadeh, Ji Liu, Sridhar Mahadevan, and Marek Petrik. "Proximal Gradient Temporal Difference Learning: Stable Reinforcement Learning with Polynomial Sample Complexity." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 63 (November 15, 2018): 461–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11251.
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In this paper, we introduce proximal gradient temporal difference learning, which provides a principled way of designing and analyzing true stochastic gradient temporal difference learning algorithms. We show how gradient TD (GTD) reinforcement learning methods can be formally derived, not by starting from their original objective functions, as previously attempted, but rather from a primal-dual saddle-point objective function. We also conduct a saddle-point error analysis to obtain finite-sample bounds on their performance. Previous analyses of this class of algorithms use stochastic approximation techniques to prove asymptotic convergence, and do not provide any finite-sample analysis. We also propose an accelerated algorithm, called GTD2-MP, that uses proximal "mirror maps" to yield an improved convergence rate. The results of our theoretical analysis imply that the GTD family of algorithms are comparable and may indeed be preferred over existing least squares TD methods for off-policy learning, due to their linear complexity. We provide experimental results showing the improved performance of our accelerated gradient TD methods.
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Xia, Nan, Jan D. Reinhardt, Shouguo Liu, Juanjuan Fu, Caili Ren, Hongxing Wang, and Jianan Li. "Effects of the introduction of objective criteria for referral and discharge in physical therapy for ischemic stroke in China: a randomized controlled trial." Clinical Rehabilitation 34, no. 3 (December 26, 2019): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215519896014.
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Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a set of rules for referral and therapy input in a three-tiered physiotherapy program on activities of daily living (ADL), motor function, and quality of life of stroke survivors. Design: Randomized controlled study. Setting: Rehabilitation departments of 11 teaching hospitals. Subjects: A total of 285 participants with stroke. Outcome measures: Primary outcome was ADL independence measured with the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) at weeks 3, 6, 9, 13, and 17. Secondary outcomes were motor function and quality of life measured with Fugel-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and Stroke-Specific Quality-of-Life (SSQOL) scale. Intervention: Two complementary sets of rules governing rehabilitation delivery were introduced: a set of criteria that determined when someone ought to move from tier 1 onto tier 2, and from tier 2 onto tier 3, and a second set of rules that determined the amount and type of physiotherapy input given in each tier. Control group participants received conventional rehabilitation without any specified guidelines. Results: With a difference of 3.97 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.59–6.36), MBI increased stronger in the study group than in controls between baseline and week 3 ( P = 0.001). This difference could be sustained until study end-point. No significant differences were found for FMA. Differences in increase of SSQOL were higher in the intervention than control at week 9 ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: Introduction of a set of rules for referral and therapy input at different stages of rehabilitation partially improved patients’ ADL and quality of life, but did not improve motor function.
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Paromov, K. V., D. A. Volkov, N. V. Nizovtsev, and M. Yu Kirov. "Myocardial function after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with combined epidural and inhalation anesthesia." Messenger of ANESTHESIOLOGY AND RESUSCITATION 17, no. 5 (November 2, 2020): 6–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21292/2078-5658-2020-17-5-6-14.
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There are certain debates regarding epidural anesthesia (EA) and analgesia in cardiac surgery.The objective: to evaluate functions of left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) function with echocardiography after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) using combined inhalation and epidural anesthesia.Subjects and methods: 68 patients were randomized into 2 groups, differed by anesthesia techniques. In Group 1 (GA, n = 34), we used general anesthesia with sevoflurane and fentanyl, while in Group 2 (CA, n = 34) – its combination with epidural anesthesia by 0.5% ropivacaine followed by infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine after OPCAB. Parameters of cardiac performance and ventricular function were assessed by echocardiography.Results. There were no differences in systolic function of LV, RV, diastolic function of LV between the groups. The difference in the left atrial strain was revealed before hospital discharge and made 18.0 (14.5‒21.5) % in CA Group and 24.0 (18.0–26.0)% in GA Group (p = 0.028).Conclusions. The use of epidural anesthesia and analgesia is not associated with clinically significant changes in inotropic and lusitropic functions of LV as well as RV systolic function after OPCAB.
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Pandey, M. K., M. K. Tiwari, and M. J. Zuo. "Interactive enhanced particle swarm optimization: A multi-objective reliability application." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O: Journal of Risk and Reliability 221, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/1748006xjrr51.
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In reliability optimization problems, it is desirable to address different conflicting objectives. This generally includes maximization of system reliability and minimization of cost, weight, and volume. The proposed algorithm of a metaheuristic nature is designed to address multi-objective problems. In the presented algorithm, interaction with a decision maker guides the search towards the preferred solution. A comparison between an existing solution and the newly generated solution substantiates the desirability or fitness of the latter. Further, the utility function expresses the preference information of the decision maker while searching for the best solution. During the development of the algorithm, a new variant of particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed and named as ‘enhanced particle swarm optimization’ (EPSO). EPSO considers the difference between the particle's best position and the global best position for efficient search and convergence. The developed algorithm is applied to the reliability optimization problem of a multistage mixed system with four different value functions that are used to simulate the designer's opinion in the solution evaluation process. Results indicate that the algorithm effectively captures the decision maker's preferences for different structures. Superior results in multi-objective reliability problem-solving prove the algorithm's superiority over other approaches.
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Petersen, M. M., A. Wenck, Henriette Strøm, and E. Svalastoga. "Measurement of Bone Mineral Content to Facilitate an Objective Evalution of Limp Function in the Dog." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 07, no. 03 (1994): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1633132.
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SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using measurements of bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA; Gadolinium-153), as an objective measure of limb functional status in the dog. The in vitro accuracy error expressed as the standard error of the estimate (SEE) for BMC and BMD measurements was 3.2% and 1.1% respectively, and the precision in vivo for measurements of BMC and BMD in the distal diaphysis of the tibia and fibula was 2.1% and 1.9% respectively. A significant difference in bone mineral between right and left leg was not found in normal dogs, and in these dogs the average percentage intra-individual difference, between bone mineral in the legs with the highest bone density and the legs with the lowest density, was 2.2% and 3.7% for BMC and BMD respectively. However the BMC and BMD in eight clinical cases of unilateral lameness were significantly decreased in the affected legs, when compared to the healthy contralateral legs, by 20.4% (P = 0.01) and 18.3% (P = 0.01)respectively. Measurements of BMC and BMD by DP A in weight-bearing extremities in the dog showed that bone mineral is highly sensitive to decreased loading of the extremity. This method might well be used not only as an objective measure of limb activity, but also for measurement of prospective changes in bone mineral, following treatment of musculoskeletal diseases and injuries.The feasibility of using bone mineral measurements by dual photon absorptiometry, as an objective measure of limb functional status in the dog, was evaluated. Precision and accuracy were calculated from in vitro and in vivo studies. In eight cases of unilateral lameness bone mineral was significantly decreased (20%) in the affected legs when compared to the healthy contralateral legs.
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Gadó, Krisztián, and Tamás Orosz. "Robust and Multi-Objective Pareto Design of a Solenoid." Electronics 10, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 2139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10172139.
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The optimization of the design of a practical electromagnetic device involves many challenging tasks for new algorithms, especially those involving numerical modeling codes in which objective function calls must be minimized for practical design processes. The Compumag Society provides openly accessible, challenging benchmark problems (TEAM problems) for testing novel numerical solvers. This paper deals with a novel solution for the multi-objective TEAM benchmark problem. This solenoid design test problem aims to search for the optimal shape of a coil, which ensures a uniform field distribution in the control region, while the sensitivity and the mass/DC loss of the coil are also considered in the context of robust design. The main differences from the previously published solutions are that the proposed methodology optimizes all three objectives together, not only as two independent two-dimensional sub-problems. We considered the asymmetrical cases in the solution and found that the symmetrical solutions always produced better uniformity and sensitivity measures. However, the difference between the symmetrical and asymmetrical solutions is insignificant for these objectives. Despite the fact that the cheapest solutions are symmetrical setups, they perform worse than the cheapest asymmetric ones in these uniformity and sensitivity criteria. Therefore, some asymmetric solutions that were previously neglected from the solution space can be competitive and interesting for practical design.
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Wörner, Tobias, Johanna Nilsson, Kristian Thorborg, Viktor Granlund, Anders Stålman, and Frida Eek. "Hip Function 6 to 10 Months After Arthroscopic Surgery: A Cross-sectional Comparison of Subjective and Objective Hip Function, Including Performance-Based Measures, in Patients Versus Controls." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 232596711984482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119844821.
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Background: Little is known about hip-related function, mobility, and performance in patients after hip arthroscopic surgery (HA) during the time that return to sports can be expected. Purpose: To evaluate measures of subjective and objective hip function 6 to 10 months after HA in patients compared with healthy controls and to compare objective function in the HA group between the operated and nonoperated hips. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 33 patients who had undergone HA (mean, 8.1 ± 2.6 months postoperatively) and 33 healthy participants matched on sex, age, and activity level were compared regarding subjective hip function (Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score [HAGOS]) and objective function including hip range of motion (ROM; flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation), isometric hip muscle strength (adduction, abduction, flexion, internal rotation, and external rotation), and performance-based measures: the Y Balance Test (YBT), medial and lateral triple-hop test, and Illinois agility test. Group differences were analyzed using independent-samples t tests. Paired-samples t tests were used for a comparison of the operated and nonoperated hips. Standard effect sizes (Cohen d) were provided for all outcomes. Results: The HA group reported worse subjective hip function than the control group (HAGOS subscores: d = –0.7 to –2.1; P ≤ .004). Objective measures of hip ROM ( d = –0.5 to –1.1; P ≤ .048), hip flexion strength ( d = –0.5; P = .043), and posteromedial reach of the YBT ( d = –0.5; P = .043) were also reduced in the HA group, although there were no significant differences between groups regarding the remaining objective measures ( d = –0.1 to –0.4; P ≥ .102 to .534). The only significant difference between the operated and nonoperated hips in the HA group was reduced passive hip flexion ( d = –0.4; P = .045). Conclusion: Patients who had undergone HA demonstrated reduced subjective hip function compared with controls 6 to 10 months after surgery, when return to sports can be expected. While most objective strength and performance test results were comparable between the HA and control groups at 6 to 10 months after surgery, the HA group presented with impairments related to hip mobility and hip flexion strength. No consistent pattern of impairments was found in operated hips compared with nonoperated hips.
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Silverman, Jonathan A., Yamikani Chimalizeni, Stephen E. Hawes, Elizabeth R. Wolf, Maneesh Batra, Harriet Khofi, and Elizabeth M. Molyneux. "The effects of malnutrition on cardiac function in African children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 2 (November 9, 2015): 166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-309188.
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ObjectiveCardiac dysfunction may contribute to high mortality in severely malnourished children. Our objective was to assess the effect of malnutrition on cardiac function in hospitalised African children.DesignProspective cross-sectional study.SettingPublic referral hospital in Blantyre, Malawi.PatientsWe enrolled 272 stable, hospitalised children ages 6–59 months, with and without WHO-defined severe acute malnutrition.Main outcome measuresCardiac index, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, stroke volume index and systemic vascular resistance index were measured by the ultrasound cardiac output monitor (USCOM, New South Wales, Australia). We used linear regression with generalised estimating equations controlling for age, sex and anaemia.ResultsOur primary outcome, cardiac index, was similar between those with and without severe malnutrition: difference=0.22 L/min/m2 (95% CI −0.08 to 0.51). No difference was found in heart rate or stroke volume index. However, mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance index were lower in children with severe malnutrition: difference=−8.6 mm Hg (95% CI −12.7 to −4.6) and difference=−200 dyne s/cm5/m2 (95% CI −320 to −80), respectively.ConclusionsIn this largest study to date, we found no significant difference in cardiac function between hospitalised children with and without severe acute malnutrition. Further study is needed to determine if cardiac function is diminished in unstable malnourished children.
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Pereira, Valerie, Debbie Sell, Alan Ponniah, Rob Evans, and David Dunaway. "Midface Osteotomy versus Distraction: The Effect on Speech, Nasality, and Velopharyngeal Function in Craniofacial Dysostosis." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 45, no. 4 (July 2008): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/07-042.1.
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Objective: To assess speech outcomes following midface advancement and to explore whether the type of advancement surgery affects speech differently in patients with craniofacial dysostosis. Design: Prospective, before-after group design. Subjects: Fifteen consecutive patients were included in the study. Eight underwent advancement by osteotomy and seven by distraction. All patients were seen preoperatively and at least once postoperatively. Main Outcome Measures: Percentage of consonants correct, nature and type of articulation errors, nasalance score, severity ratings of resonance and of velopharyngeal function using nasendoscopy and lateral videofluoroscopy, and amount of forward advancement. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between groups for pre- and postoperative changes of percentage of consonants correct (p = .755, median difference 3.0, 95% confidence interval for median difference [−14.22, 20.22]) and nasalance (p = .171, median difference = −12.00, 95% confidence interval for median differences [−30.46, 6.46]). There was no statistically significant correlation between amount of forward advancement and nasalance (r = .87, p = .799) and percentage of consonants correct (r = −.550, p = .064). Findings from lateral videofluoroscopy and nasendoscopy are described. Individual changes of speech outcomes are reported. Conclusions: In view of the small sample size, results need to be interpreted with caution. However, the study adds to current limited knowledge with this clinical group. Further research with bigger sample sizes and randomization of patients into the different surgical groups is warranted.
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Okereke, Olivia I., Jae H. Kang, Jing Ma, J. Michael Gaziano, and Francine Grodstein. "Midlife Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Cognitive Function in Older Men." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 4306–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-1325.
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Abstract Context: Emerging biological and epidemiological evidence suggests possible benefits of higher IGF-I levels in cognitive aging. Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the relation of midlife plasma IGF-I levels to late-life cognition. Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted a secondary analysis from the Physicians’ Health Study II, a prospective cohort of U.S. male physicians. Participants provided blood samples from 1982 to 1984 (mean age 57 yr). Using stored samples, we measured free IGF-I in 376 men and total IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 in 460 men. Starting in 2001, we administered telephone-based tests of general cognition [the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS)], verbal memory, and category fluency. We estimated multivariable-adjusted mean differences in cognitive performance across levels of free IGF-I and IGF-I to IGF binding protein-3 molar ratio. Main Outcome Measures: Global score (averaging performance across all individual cognitive tests), the TICS, and a verbal memory score were measured. Results: Each sd increment in free IGF-I was associated with a multivariable-adjusted increase of 0.08 U (P = 0.02) on the global score. This mean difference was equivalent to that observed between men 2 yr apart in age: i.e. each sd increase in free IGF-I appeared cognitively equivalent to staying 2 yr younger. No significant mean differences in TICS scores were observed across free IGF-I levels. For verbal memory, each sd increment in free IGF-I was associated with an adjusted mean difference of 0.08 U (P = 0.03). Results appeared consistent for the molar ratio but were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher midlife free IGF-I may be associated with better late-life cognition.
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Ji, Ying, and Shaojian Qu. "Proximal Point Algorithms for Vector DC Programming with Applications to Probabilistic Lot Sizing with Service Levels." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5675183.
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We present a new algorithm for solving vector DC programming, where the vector function is a function of the difference of C-convex functions. Because of the nonconvexity of the objective function, it is difficult to solve this class of problems. We propose several proximal point algorithms to address this class of problems, which make use of the special structure of the problems (i.e., the DC structure). The well-posedness and the global convergence of the proposed algorithms are developed. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is shown by an application to a multicriteria model stemming from lot sizing problems.
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Chen, Bing-Lin, Jia-Bao Guo, Hong-Wei Zhang, Ya-Jun Zhang, Yi Zhu, Juan Zhang, Hao-Yu Hu, Yi-Li Zheng, and Xue-Qiang Wang. "Surgical versus non-operative treatment for lumbar disc herniation: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Clinical Rehabilitation 32, no. 2 (July 17, 2017): 146–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269215517719952.
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Objective: To investigate the effects of surgical versus non-operative treatment on the physical function and safety of patients with lumbar disc herniation. Data sources: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, EBSCO, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database were searched from initiation to 15 May 2017. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that evaluated surgical versus non-operative treatment for patients with lumbar disc herniation were selected. The primary outcomes were pain and side-effects. Secondary outcomes were function and health-related quality of life. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled mean difference with 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 19 articles that involved 2272 participants met the inclusion criteria. Compared with non-operative treatment, surgical treatment was more effective in lowering pain (short term: mean difference = −0.94, 95% confidence interval = −1.87 to −0.00; midterm: mean difference = −1.59, 95% confidence interval = −2.24 to −9.94), improving function (midterm: mean difference = −7.84, 95% confidence interval = −14.00 to −1.68; long term: mean difference = −12.21, 95% confidence interval = −23.90 to −0.52) and quality of life. The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey for physical functions (short term: mean difference = 6.25, 95% confidence interval = 0.43 to 12.08) and bodily pain (short term: mean difference = 5.42, 95% confidence interval = 0.40 to 10.45) was also utilized. No significant difference was observed in adverse events (mean difference = 0.82, 95% confidence interval = 0.28 to 2.38). Conclusion: Low-quality evidence suggested that surgical treatment is more effective than non-operative treatment in improving physical functions; no significant difference was observed in adverse events. No firm recommendation can be made due to instability of the summarized data.
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Wigton, Nancy L., and Genomary Krigbaum. "Attention, Executive Function, Behavior, and Electrocortical Function, Significantly Improved With 19-Channel Z-Score Neurofeedback in a Clinical Setting: A Pilot Study." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 4 (March 30, 2015): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715577135.
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Objective: Neurofeedback (NF) is gaining recognition as an evidence-based intervention grounded in learning theory, and 19-channel z-score NF (19ZNF) is a new NF model. This pilot study sought to evaluate the efficacy of 19ZNF in a clinical setting. Method: Outcome measures framed groups such that 19ZNF was evaluated, as it relates to the neuropsychological constructs of attention ( n = 10), executive function ( n = 12), behavior ( n = 14), and electrocortical functioning ( n = 21). One-tailed t tests compared pre–post difference scores. Results: For all pre–post comparisons, the direction of change was in the predicted direction, and differences were statistically significant ( p = .000 to p = .008, effect sizes 1.29 to 3.42). Conclusion: Results suggest 19ZNF improved attention, executive function, behavior, and electrocortical function. This study provides beginning evidence of 19ZNF’s efficacy, adds to what is known about 19ZNF, and offers an innovative approach for using quantitative electroencephalographic (QEEG) metrics as outcome measures.
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Aslanidou, Katarina, Rongbing Xie, Terpsithea Christou, Ejvis Lamani, and Chung H. Kau. "Evaluation of temporomandibular joint function after orthognathic surgery using a jaw tracker." Journal of Orthodontics 47, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312520908277.
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Objective: It has been reported that temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function after orthognathic surgery differs from normal patients. Dysfunction of the joints occurs often even in the general public, with an incidence in the range of 20%–25%. Population-based studies among adults report that approximately 10%–15% have symptoms of pain and 5% of them had a perceived need for treatment. To date, no studies have reported on the evaluation of TMJ function after orthognathic surgery through the use of four-dimensional jaw tracking. Design and setting: This study evaluated TMJ function using such a device and information from a TMJ questionnaire. Sixteen orthognathic surgery patients and 17 controls were included in this study. Four-dimensional jaw tracking information was obtained using the SiCAT JMT device. Clinical signs and jaw function were evaluated. Results: Within the limitations of the study, the following results were seen using the SICAT JMT+ jaw tracking device: (1) no significant differences were found in any of the millimetric measurements between the surgery patients and controls; (2) no significant difference was found in subjective reported symptoms of pain, clicking, crepitation, locking, stiffness, headaches and migraines between the groups; and (3)there was a significant difference in the popping of the joints for surgery and non-surgery groups. Conclusion: Jaw tracking did not detect significant differences in jaw function, but some clinical symptoms were present.
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Kennedy, Sidney H., Kari A. Fulton, R. Michael Bagby, Andrea L. Greene, Nicole L. Cohen, and Shahryar Rafi-Tari. "Sexual Function during Bupropion or Paroxetine Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 4 (March 2006): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370605100405.
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Objective: The primary objective was to evaluate sexual function (SF) separately in men and women with major depressive disorder (MDD) before and during treatment with bupropion sustained release (SR) or paroxetine. The secondary objectives involved a comparative evaluation of the Sex Effects Scale (Sex FX) and the Investigator-Rated Sexual Desire and Functioning Scale (IRSD-F), as well as a comparison of antidepressant outcomes and an examination of the relation between level of depression and SF over time. Method: There were 141 patients (68 women and 73 men) who met DSM-IV criteria for a current major depressive episode. They were randomly assigned to receive bupropion SR (150 to 300 mg daily) or paroxetine (20 to 40 mg daily) under double-blind trial conditions. Patients were assessed at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17), Sex FX, and IRSD-F. Results: Prior to treatment, women reported significantly lower SF on both the Sex FX and IRSD-F scales, compared with men. During treatment, there were no significant drug differences on measures of SF over time for women; however, men who were treated with paroxetine reported a worsening of SF, whereas bupropion SR did not significantly alter SF. Both bupropion SR and paroxetine produced clinically and statistically significant reductions in HDRS17 scores as well as comparable rates of response and remission. There was a statistically significant correlation between the 2 measures of SF at all visits. There was also a significant inverse relation between depression and SF in women, but not in men, irrespective of drug. Conclusion: According to the Sex FX scale, a significant difference in antidepressant-related sexual dysfunction was detected in men, but not women, during treatment with bupropion SR or paroxetine.
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Visconti, Rogério dos Reis, Victor Rodrigues Amaral Cossich, Juan Daniel Aquino, Conrado Torres Laett, Lenifran de Matos Santos, Luis Eduardo Carelli, Alderico Girão Campos de Barros, Ricardo de Souza Portes Meirelles, Ubiratã Faleiro Gavilão, and Sidnei Cavalcante da Silva. "CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTION OF PATIENTS WITH ADOLESCENT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS." Coluna/Columna 20, no. 2 (June 2021): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120212002235949.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a spinal deformity that can cause cardiorespiratory dysfunction, contributing to decreases in tolerance for aerobic exercise (TAE) and in functionality. The objective is to assess the TAE and lung capacity of patients who underwent corrective AIS surgery in the pre- (PRE) and postoperative (POST) periods. Methods: Sixty individuals, PRE (n=30, age: 18.5±2.4 years) and POST (n=30, age: 24.5±4.5 years), participated in the study. The forced vital capacity (FVC), the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio, as well as the maximum inspiratory and expiratory pressure were verified. The TAE was assessed by the distance travelled in the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), together with blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate and peripheral oxygen saturation measured at the beginning and at the end of the test. Results: A mild restrictive pattern in lung function and reduced expiratory muscle strength were observed in both groups, but with no difference between the PRE and POST groups. No difference was found between the PRE (534±67.1 m) and POST (541± 69.5 m) groups for the distance travelled in the 6MWT, though both were below the predicted percentage (82.8±10.0% and 84.8±10.9%, respectively). Hemodynamic and respiratory changes caused by the 6MWT were observed, except for the peripheral oxygen saturation. Conclusion: The results suggest that even after surgical correction, patients with AIS continue to have low TAE. Level of evidence III; Therapeutics Study - Investigation of Treatment Results / Case-control study.
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Yäce, İmdat, Sedat Çaglı, Ali Bayram, Fatih Karasu, Işıl Satı, and Ercihan Gäney. "The Effect of Arytenoid Resection on Functional Results of Cricohyoidopexy." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 141, no. 2 (August 2009): 272–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2009.04.012.
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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of arytenoid resection on voice and swallowing function in patients who undergo supracricoid laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy. STUDY DESIGN: A case series with chart review. According to the arytenoid number, patients were divided into two groups: 11 patients with two arytenoids and 9 patients with one arytenoid. The decannulation, nasogastric tube removal, and hospitalization times were noted. Maximum phonation time, average fundamental frequency, percent jitter, percent shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratio were measured. Grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenicity and strain scale (for the perceptual evaluation of vocal quality), Voice Handicap Index (for self-assessment of the voice), and dysphagia score were used. RESULTS: The mean decannulation, nasogastric tube removal, and hospitalization time was 18.4, 40.2, and 32.7 days in patients with one arytenoid, whereas 8.8, 20.8, and 25.3 days in patients with two arytenoids, respectively. The differences were statistically significant. For all of the parameters that are associated with voice function and dysphagia, there was no statistically significant difference between one arytenoid and two arytenoids. CONCLUSION: Arytenoid resection may affect the swallowing function in the early postoperative period, but for voice and deglutition functions there was no difference between cricohyoidopexy with one arytenoid and two over the course of time.
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El-Sharkawy, Marwa, Magda Badawy, Soha M. Abd El Dayem, Ahmed Badr, Hassan Salama, Inji Galal El-Dine Abdou El-Sherbini, and Sherif Abd El-Momeim. "Preterm Small Gestational Age Newborns: Impact on Renal Size and Function." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (December 15, 2020): 1256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5005.
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OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to evaluate the size and function of the kidney in high-risk premature small gestational age (PT/SGA) newborns. Furthermore, estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was done by comparing Cystatin C-based method with the creatinine –based method in those preterm newborns.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 20 PT/SGA and controls (20 preterm appropriate for gestational age [PT/AGA] and 20 full-term [FT] newborns). Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and cystatin C were determined on days 3 and 7 of the study for all newborn infants. GFR was assessed by cystatin C-based method and creatinine-based method. Evaluation of the renal size by ultrasound was done on day 7 of neonatal life.
RESULTS: A significant difference was found in the length and transverse diameter of both kidneys, comparing PT/SGA group with PT/AGA and FT group. Cystatin C on day 3 of PT/SGA group had a significant difference than PT/AGA and FT group. Estimation of GFR (eGFR) calculated by filler Zappitelli, Grubb, Larsson, and Dorum formulae of PT/SGA group had a significant difference comparing with PT/AGA and FT group on days 3 and 7.
CONCLUSION: PT/SGA newborns have reduced renal size and immature renal function. Cystatin C is a marker for renal function superior to creatinine as it is not affected by body mass index, gestational age, and birth weight. Cystatin C-based eGFR is more accurate and more sensitive to minor changes in GFR than creatinine-based equation.
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Murata, Noriaki, Haruo Toda, Haruna Amaki, Kanako Suzuki, Yumi Nagai, Yuna Omiya, Tomomi Kurashima, Sachiko Udagawa, and Shinji Ohkubo. "Assessment of objective ocular cyclodeviation under monocular condition and binocular condition using fundus photography." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 5, no. 1 (December 2020): e000595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000595.
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ObjectiveThe relationship between retinal structure and function of glaucomatous eyes has attracted a great deal of research attention. However, visual field tests are conducted under monocular condition, and ophthalmic imaging was performed in patients without occlusion. We aimed to assess the objective ocular cyclodeviation between monocular occlusion and binocular conditions using fundus photography.Methods and analysisThis study included 76 healthy participants. We obtained six photos of the right eye of each patient using fundus photography. Three of the photographs were taken under monocular conditions, and the other three, under binocular conditions. We measured the optic disc margin-fovea angle (MFA) of the line connecting one point of the disc limbus and the fovea. One-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the angles under both conditions. We also examined the direction of ocular rotation under the binocular condition regarding the monocular condition.ResultsThe MFAs were 12.12°±3.83° and 12.19°±3.95° under the monocular and binocular conditions, respectively. There was no significant difference in both MFAs (F=1.19, p=0.28). The mean cyclodeviation was 0.07°±0.80° (range: −2.40° to +2.75°). A total of 38 eyes showed excycloduction, while another 38 showed incycloduction.ConclusionSignificant cyclodeviation did not occur regardless of the existence of an occlusion. When examining the relationship between retinal structure and function, the difference in rotation angle under both conditions need not be taken into consideration if the other disease did not cause pathological cyclodeviation.
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Zhang, Yajing, and Guotai Chi. "A credit rating model based on a customer number bell-shaped distribution." Management Decision 56, no. 5 (May 14, 2018): 987–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-03-2017-0232.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to split loan customers to different credit ratings to ensure the results that show that customers with lower credit ratings have higher loss rates, and the number of customers that satisfies the bell-shaped distribution. Hence, the number of credit ratings, the distribution of the rated obligors among ratings can achieve a meaningful differentiation of risk, which can avoid the loan pricing confusion. Design/methodology/approach The authors introduce a multi-objective programming to establish the credit rating model. Objective function 1 minimizes the absolute difference between the obligor number proportion and perfect client proportion, following a standard normal distribution. Objective function 2 minimizes the total difference of the deviation between two adjacent credit ratings’ loss rates. This study combines the two objective functions to ensure the obligor number distribution and the monotonicity of the loss rate, and applies genetic algorithm to solve the model. Findings This study’s analysis is based on data from 6,155 enterprises, provided by a Chinese bank and Prosper P2P loan data. The empirical results reveal that the proposed approach can ensure the balance between both criteria and avoid undue concentration of obligors in particular grades. Originality/value The proposed credit model could help building a reasonable credit rating system, which is the prerequisite of loan pricing; thus, inaccurate credit rating can cause incorrect loss rate estimates and loan pricing.
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Colegate-Stone, T. J., S. Garg, A. Subramanian, and G. V. Mani. "OUTCOME ANALYSIS OF TRAPEZECTOMY WITH AND WITHOUT PYROCARBON INTERPOSITION TO TREAT PRIMARY ARTHROSIS OF THE TRAPEZIOMETACARPAL JOINT." Hand Surgery 16, no. 01 (January 2011): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218810411005060.
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We performed a prospective cohort comparative analysis of simple trapezectomy and trapezectomy with pyrocarbon interposition in 38 consecutive patients with trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthrosis. Patients were assessed preoperatively, at six and 12 months postoperatively using subjective and objective tools. Subjective assessment was performed using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand questionnaire and the visual analogue score. Objective assessment was performed with grip strength measurements. At each time interval, statistical differences were sought between the two subgroups. No significant difference between the two subgroups was noted at any time interval on subjective or objective assessment. A significant difference (p < 0.05) was found on comparing the respective preoperative and 12-month subjective scores in both subgroups. Of the pyrocarbon subgroup seven had related complications. We suggest that pyrocarbon interposition does not significantly improve postoperative function, requires a longer operation with a high postoperative risk of pyrocarbon displacement and need for revision surgery.
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Christian, Brian, and Lukman Hakim. "Penerapan Algoritma Fuzzy C-Means Pada Penentuan Lokasi Gudang Pendukung PT. XYZ." AITI 16, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24246/aiti.v16i1.31-48.
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In data mining a series of processes are applied to extract information from a data set. PT. XYZ which has a lot of sales data that can be processed. In the company PT. XYZ which is engaged in the retail sector which has tight competition and develops rapidly, customer satisfaction is one of the things that need to be considered. It takes more than product quality, but service to customers is also important to win competition in sales and one that can be considered in customer satisfaction is the availability of products that customers want. Use of Clustering Method to classify objects based on similarity in characteristics, especially one of fuzzy clustering, that is, fuzzy C-means can be used to determine the distance and presence of each point in a cluster. In this study, fuzzy C-means is applied in determining the supporting warehouse of PT. XYZ is based on the clustering location of PT. XYZ which is represented as the Cartesian coordinates and the centroid of each cluster refers to the location of the supporting warehouse along with the grouping of outlets with the supporting warehouse.Using 3 clusters in 100 iterations the difference in objective function is 3.3e-8%, while the experiment using 4 clusters requires 39 iterations with an objective function difference of 1.1e-12%,then themore number of clusters will minimize the difference in objective functions for results with smaller errors.
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Jin, Xin, Chang-sheng Li, Yu Wang, Xiao-gang Li, Tian Gu, and Yong-guang Xiang. "Multi-Objective Optimization of Intermediate Roll Profile for a 6-High Cold Rolling Mill." Metals 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020287.
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The multi-objective optimization of the SmartCrown intermediate roll profile for a cold rolling mill was proposed in this paper in order to improve the strip flatness quality. A coupling model of roll profile and strip flatness was established, and the roll gap profile, roll gap crown adjustment range, rolls contact pressure, and strip flatness under different intermediate roll profile parameters were calculated based on the coupling model. The results showed that the roll gap crown adjustment range and rolls contact pressure difference increased with increasing roll profile parameters. The roll profile parameters were multi-optimized based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). The minimum rolls contact pressure difference and maximum roll gap crown adjustment range were taken as the objective function of multi-objective optimization. The optimal roll profile parameters were applied to a six-high five stand tandem cold rolling mills, which improved the flatness quality of the DP780 steel strip.
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Brichacek, Michal, Babar Sultan, Kofi D. Boahene, Lisa Ishii, and Patrick J. Byrne. "Objective Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Temporalis Tendon Transfer for Prolonged Complete Facial Paralysis." Plastic Surgery 25, no. 3 (August 2017): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2292550317728033.
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Objectives: We describe an approach to reanimation of complete, prolonged facial paralysis using minimally invasive temporalis tendon transfer (MIT3) by the melolabial or transoral approach. Objective outcome measures are evaluated based on symmetry, and grading of preoperative/post-operative results and the scar at the melolabial fold. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Twenty-five patients undergoing the MIT3 technique were studied. Photographic analysis was used to determine the percentage of difference between the 2 sides (symmetry). Using the Delphi method to achieve consensus, a panel of experts graded pre/post-operative photos using the Terzis’ Facial Grading System and a 1 to 10 Likert-type scale and the melolabial scar using the Beausang Scar Scale. Results: Percentage of difference (symmetry) with smiling improved from 18.6% ± 1.5% (mean ± standard error of the mean [SEM]) preoperatively to 5.0 ± 0.9% (mean ± SEM) post-operatively. Expert grading by the Terzis system showed improvement post-operatively (mean 3.7/5; median 3.6/5) versus preoperatively (mean 1.5/5; median 1.2/5). Perceived improvement was also largely favourable (mean 8.1/10; median 8.0/10). Melolabial scar grading was favourable in terms of colour (mean 1.53/4), surface character (mean 1.05/2), contour (mean 1.60/4), and distortion (mean 1.74/4). Conclusions: The MIT3 technique offers immediate, predictable, and symmetrical return of smile function. Objective symmetry analysis and favourable expert grading of both pre-/post-operative photographs and the scar at the melolabial fold demonstrate applicability for facial reanimation in patients where other procedures have failed, or when a direct return to function is desired. Both the melolabial approach and transoral approach were found to be acceptable and effective, although applicability varies.
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Blaauw, Phillip, Ilse Botha, Rinie Schenck, and Christie Schoeman. "Happy In The Informal Economy? A Case Study Of Well-Being Among Day Labourers In South Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 6 (May 24, 2013): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i6.7870.
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Past research provided evidence of thenegative effect that individual unemployment can have on subjective well-being.The persistent high levels of unemployment and poverty in South Africa havebeen well documented. Many people are forced into the informal economy, wherethey engage in a variety of survivalist activities such as day labouring. As noprevious study has been conducted on the well-being of day labourers, the aimof this paper is to investigate the determinants of the well-being of South Africanday labourers. Objective and subjective functions are compared to determine therole of income and other variables in the well-being of day labourers. Thedeterminants are categorised according to economic, comparison and attitudinalvariables. The objective function uses income and the subjective function usesthe binary measure of experiencing a good week in terms of wages as dependentvariables. The results showed that comparison variables are importantdeterminants for the subjective measure of well-being, and attitudinalvariables are important for the objective measure of well-being. The economicvariables were important in both functions. The findings of this paper confirmother research findings showing that personal income is important for well-beingin a poor community. The difference between these functions indicates that thesubjective and objective measures of well-being both capture valuablecharacteristics of subjective well-being (SWB) in a poor community.
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Wu, Jianhua, Naifeng Guo, Xiaolan Chen, and ChangYing Xing. "Low triiodothyronine syndrome is associated with platelet function in patients with nephrotic syndrome." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 65, no. 7 (July 2019): 988–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.7.988.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of low triiodothyronine syndrome (LT3S) on platelet function and clotting factors in patients with nephrotic syndrome(NS). METHODS Patients with primary nephrotic syndrome were divided into two groups, normal thyroid function (group A) and LT3S (group B), based on whether they had LT3S or not. Healthy subjects were selected as the control group (group C). Blood coagulation function was detected in each group. The platelet activation function (CD62P, CD63) was determined by flow cytometry. The platelet aggregation rate was detected by an optical method using adenosine diphosphate and arachidonic acid as inducers. RESULTS The proportion of primary nephrotic syndrome with LT3S was 23.2% (69/298). Compared with group C, group A had higher CD62P and PAgTADP, and group B had higher CD62P, CD63, PAgTAA, and PAgTADP; the difference was statistically significant (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in renal pathology between group A and group B (X2 = 4.957, P = 0.421). Compared with group A, the 24-hour urine protein, CD63, PAgTAA, and PAgTADP were higher in group B, and APTT and Alb were lower. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that LT3S was associated with CD36 (OR: 3.516; 95% CI: 1.742~8.186; P = 0.004) and PAgTAA (OR: 0.442; 95% CI: 1.001~1.251; P = 0.037). CONCLUSION NS patients are prone to LT3S. Patients with LT3S may have abnormal platelet activation and increase of platelet aggregation.
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Li, Vladimir, Hui Wang, Ilya Tsvankin, Esteban Díaz, and Tariq Alkhalifah. "Inversion gradients for acoustic VTI wavefield tomography." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): WA55—WA65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0624.1.
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Wavefield tomography can handle complex subsurface geology better than ray-based techniques and, ultimately, provide a higher resolution. Here, we implement forward and adjoint wavefield extrapolation for VTI (transversely isotropic with a vertical symmetry axis) media using a generalized pseudospectral operator based on a separable approximation for the P-wave dispersion relation. This operator is employed to derive the gradients of the differential semblance optimization (DSO) and modified image-power objective functions. We also obtain the gradient expressions for a data-domain objective function that can more easily incorporate borehole information necessary for stable VTI velocity analysis. These gradients are similar to the ones obtained with a space-time finite-difference (FD) scheme for a system of coupled wave equations but the pseudospectral method is not hampered by the imprint of the shear-wave artifact. Numerical examples also show the potential advantages of the modified image-power objective function in estimating the anellipticity parameter [Formula: see text].