Journal articles: 'Differences entre sexe'

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Lee, Yeonjung, Fengyan Tang, Kevin H. Kim, and Steven M. Albert. "Exploring Gender Differences in the Relationships between Eldercare and Labour Force Participation." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 34, no. 1 (January 29, 2015): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980814000543.

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RÉSUMÉCette étude a examiné la relation réciproque entre les soins des parents et la participation au marché du travail, afin de déterminer si (1) la prestation de soins est liés à l’emploi subséquent; (2) un emploi est lié à la prestation de soins subséquente; (3) la participation de la prestation de soins et la population travaillant a montré une relation réciproque à travers le temps; et (4) s’il existe des différences entre les sexes dans ces relations. Pour l’analyse, nous avons utilisé la modélisation par équation structurelle. L’échantillon de l’étude comprenait les enfants adultes de 51 ans et plus, vivant avec des parents ou beaux-parents. Aucune relation de réciprocité a été trouvée entre la prestation de soins et la participation de la population active, mais des différences de sexe étaient évidentes. Femmes soignantes en 2006 étaient moins susceptibles de travailler en 2008, bien que le statut d’emploi n’ était pas liée à la prestation de soins subséquente. En revanche, les hommes qui travaillaient en 2008 étaient moins susceptibles d’être engagés dans la prestation de soins en 2010, bien que la prestation de soins n’était pas liée à l’état de l’emploi subséquent. Ces résultats suggèrent que le sexe joue un rôle important dans la relation entre la prestation de soins et la participation au marché du travail.

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Johansson, S. Ryan. "Welfare, mortality, and gender. Continuity and change in explanations for male/female mortality differences over three centuries." Continuity and Change 6, no. 2 (August 1991): 135–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416000001314.

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L'espérance de vie à la naissance est souvent employée comme index de la prospérité relative de différentes populatoins. Mais dans ce cadre les écarts entre la longévité féminine/masculine sont anormaux. Les femmes ont été et sont encore moins privilégiées que les hommes, pourtant elles vivent plus longtemps. Cette situation a fait croître l'idée que les femmes ont d'immenses avantages biologiques sur les hommes. Mais des données historiques peuvent être utilisées pour démontrer que dans la tranche d'âge de 3 à 55 ans des entrecroisements très prononcés de déces ont eu lieu quant aux taux de mortalité féminine/masculine aux âges spécifiques. Pour justifier cette variabilité historique il faut les remplacer par d'autres plus complexes, qui examinent comment des types de comportement influencés par la culture et propres au sexe, exposés à différents milieux de maladie, se traduisent biologiquement par des taux de mortalité propres à l'age. Lorsqu'on rend justice à la complexité biologique et culturelle, on peut expliquer comment des niveaux inférieurs de bien-être relatif peuvent produire des taux de mortalité inférieurs pour des populations désavantagées dans certains climats de maladie.

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Kuzel, Paul, Andrei I. Metelitsa, Douglas C. Dover, and Thomas G. Salopek. "Epidemiology of Sebaceous Carcinoma in Alberta, Canada, from 1988 to 2007." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 16, no. 6 (November 2012): 417–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347541201600610.

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Background: The epidemiology of sebaceous carcinoma (SC) has not previously been examined in a Canadian population. Objective: To determine the epidemiologic trends of SC in Alberta, Canada, from 1988 to 2007. Methods: This study was a population-based, retrospective, epidemiologic analysis of SC in Alberta over a 20-year span. Results: Over the study period, the age-standardized SC incidence increased from 0.22 per 100,000 to 0.65 per 100,000. Sebaceous carcinoma is a cancer that predominantly affects the elderly (over 85% of cases were in persons 60 years or older). Interestingly, the face (37.7% of cases), not the eyelids (26.2% of cases), was the most frequently affected site overall. Gender-specific trends reflected a slight male predominance (1.4:1) and significant differences in anatomic distribution between the sexes. Conclusion: For unexplained reasons, there has been a threefold increase in SC incidence in Alberta over the last two decades. In addition, there are significant gender-specific differences in the anatomic distribution of SC. Contexte: L'épidémiologie du carcinome sébacé (CS) n'a jamais fait l'objet d'étude au Canada. Objectif: L'étude visait à déterminer les tendances épidémiologiques du CS en Alberta, au Canada, de 1988 à 2007. Méthodes: Il s'agit d'une analyse épidémiologique, rétrospective, fondée sur la population, du CS, en Alberta, sur une période de 20 ans. Résultats: Au cours de la période à l'étude, l'incidence du CS normalisée selon l'âge est passée de 0.22 pour 100,000 à 0.65 pour 100,000. Le carcinome sébacé est un cancer qui touche surtout les personnes âgées (plus de 85% des cas se comptaient parmi les personnes de 60 ans et plus). Point intéressant, la région le plus souvent touchée, dans l'ensemble, était la face (37.7% des cas), et non les paupières (26.2% des cas). Les tendances propres à chaque sexe ont révélé une fréquence légèrement plus élevée chez les hommes que chez les femmes (1.4/1) et des différences importantes entre les sexes quant à la répartition anatomique du siège des lésions. Conclusion: Pour des raisons inconnues, l'incidence du CS a triplé en Alberta au cours des deux dernières décennies. De plus, il existe des différences importantes entre les sexes quant à la répartition anatomique du CS.

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Crespo, Manuel, and Jean B. Hache. "Adaptation a un environnement en mutation: Accords et dissensions dans le secteur de l’enseignement postsecondaire quebecois." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 20, no. 1 (April 30, 1990): 21–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v20i1.183665.

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La crise budgetaire a mene a de pressantes interrogations sur la politique de democratization des institutions d’enseignement postsecondaire, sur l’adequation entre leurs programmes et les besoins du marche et sur leur dependence a l’egard des dinances de l’Etat. A partir des perceptions de gestionnaires, cette recherché decrit les zones de consensus et de dissention dance les choix des insitutions d’enseignement postsecondaire quebecoises de langue francaise et de langue anglaise. Les gestionnaires de ces institutions d’entendent sur des objectifs d’adapation a l’environnement. Cependant, contrairement a l’oreintation des gestionnaires universitaires, leurs homologues des cegeps poursuivent ces objectifs en s’alignant advantage sur les priorities gouvernementales et en liberalisant leurs politiques d’admission. Certaines differences dans les choix institutionnels apparaissent selon la langue de l’institution. En general, les analyses trivariees en controlant le sexe, l’age et la scolarite des repondants, ne se sont pas averees significatives. L’article conclut sure une discussion des consequences possibles des choix institutionnels.

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Cooper, Joseph N., Tiffany J. Davis, and Shaun Dougherty. "Not So Black and White: A Multi-Divisional Exploratory Analysis of Male Student-Athletes’ Experiences at National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Institutions." Sociology of Sport Journal 34, no. 1 (March 2017): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2016-0015.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and quality of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) male student-athletes’ college experiences across race, sport, and divisional classifications. In recent years, the NCAA and its member institutions have faced intense scrutiny regarding the purpose of intercollegiate athletics within their educational missions. Additional concerns have been levied at the NCAA for persistent academic performance gaps along gender and racial lines across all divisions. However, limited research has engaged in multidivisional analyses of male student-athletes across racial groups and sport types. Using data from the 2006 NCAA GOALS study viewed through the lens of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory, the current study examined differences in male student-athletes’ experiences across racial groups, type of sport involvement, and divisional classifications. Key findings indicated salient differences between the social experiences across divisional and sport type classifications as well as significant differences between the academic experiences of Black and non-Black male student-athletes. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.Le but de cette étude était d’examiner la nature et la qualité des expériences scolaires des étudiants-athlètes masculins de la National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) en fonction de la race, du sport et la division de pratique. Récemment, la NCAA et ses institutions membres ont dû faire face à un examen minutieux concernant l’adéquation du sport interuniversitaire avec leurs missions éducatives. Des inquiétudes additionnelles ont été exprimées par la NCAA par rapport à la persistance des écarts en termes de réussite académique en fonction du sexe et de la race dans l’ensemble des divisions. Cependant, rares sont les travaux ayant proposé des analyses multidivisionnelles sur les étudiants-athlètes en fonction des groupes raciaux et des types de sports. En s’appuyant sur les données de l’étude NCAA GOALS de 2006, et au prisme de la théorie des systèmes écologiques de Bronfenbrenner, la présente étude a examiné les différences entre les expériences des étudiantsathlètes en fonction des groupes raciaux, du type d’investissement sportif et de la division de pratique. Les principaux résultats montrent des différences saillantes entre les expériences sociales en fonction du type de sport et du niveau de pratique mais aussi des différences significatives entre les expériences académiques des étudiants noirs et non-noirs. Les implications politiques et pratiques sont discutées.

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Yanes Pérez, Maritel, Luis Roberto Canto Valdés, and Dora Elia Ramos Muñoz. "Víctimas de homicidio en el sureste mexicano 2010–2017." Regions and Cohesion 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 64–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/reco.2020.100205.

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*Full article is in SpanishEnglish abstract: Homicide is a demographic, social, economic, legal, health problem that affects the quality of life of the population, erodes the economy and citizen security, causes fear and generates impunity. The main victims in Mexico are young people and this research focuses on the integrated southeast including five states: Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco and Yucatán. This research addresses the phenomenon in question, the variations in 2010-2017 homicide rates and their relation to the gender of the victim, identifying different types and modalities of homicides. The authors highlight differences in gender conditions and victimization typologies, which can help to generate homicide prevention strategies in the Mexican southeast.Spanish abstract: El homicidio es un problema demográfico, social, económico, jurídico y de salud que afecta la calidad de vida de la población, erosiona la economía y la seguridad ciudadana, provoca temor y genera impunidad. Las principales víctimas en México son jóvenes. Esta investigación se centra en el sureste mexicano integrado por cinco entidades federativas: Campeche, Chiapas, Quintana Roo, Tabasco y Yucatán. La investigación verifica el fenómeno en cuestión, los cambios en las tasas de homicidios de 2010 al 2017 y la relación según el sexo de la víctima, identificando diferentes tipos y modalidades de homicidios. Los autores aportan la diferencia de condiciones de género y distintas modalidades de victimización, lo que puede contribuir a generar estrategias preventivas de los homicidios en el sureste mexicano.French abstract: Les homicides sont un problème démographique, social, économique, juridique et sanitaire qui affecte la qualité de vie de la population, a des impacts négatifs sur l’économie et la sécurité des citoyens, suscite la peur et un climat d’impunité. Au Mexique, les principales victimes en sont des jeunes. Cette recherche porte sur le sud-est mexicain composé par cinq états: le Campeche, le Chiapas, le Quintana Roo, le Tabasco et le Yucatán. Elle examine le phénomène en question, l’évolution du taux d’homicides entre 2010 et 2017 et sa relation avec le sexe de la victime, à partir de l’identification de différents types et modalités d’homicides. Les auteurs présentent les conditions de genre et les différentes formes de victimisation, ce qui peut contribuer à l’élaboration de stratégies de prévention des homicides dans le sud-est du Mexique.

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Ferreira, Mauro, and Maria Tereza Silveira Bohme. "Sex differences on children’s motor performance influence of body adiposity." Revista Paulista de Educação Física 12, no. 2 (December 20, 1998): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2594-5904.rpef.1998.139544.

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Diferenças sexuais no desempenho motor (DM) de crianças são atribuídas a fatores biológicos e ambientais. Entretanto, a significância relativa de um ou outro fator necessita de maior investigação. Neste estudo, procurou-se analisar a magnitude da influência do fator biológico adiposidade corporal (AC) sobre as diferenças sexuais no desempenho em tarefas motoras que envolvem o deslocamento de todo o corpo. Participaram do estudo crianças na faixa etária de sete a nove anos, sendo 36 de cada sexo e pertencentes à Escola de Aplicação da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade de São Paulo (EA-FEUSP). Foram coletadas as medidas de peso corporal (PC), estatura (EST) e dobras cutâneas medidas em oito locais. Posteriormente, calculou-se um índice de adiposidade subcutânea geral (ADG) através da somatória (mm) das dobras cutâneas mensuradas. Foram aplicados os testes de flexão e extensão dos braços em suspensão na barra fixa modificado (FEB) para membros superiores, e de salto em distância parado (SDP) para membros inferiores. O teste t de “Student” constatou diferenças entre os sexos na variável ADG, superior para o sexo feminino, e nas variáveis FEB e SDP, superior para o sexo masculino. As equações de regressão linear considerando a variável independente (ADG) e dependentes (FEB e SDP) foram comparadas entre os sexos através do teste de paralelismo entre retas de regressão e de interceptos no eixo Y. O resultado dessa análise indicou similaridade entre os sexos na relação entre ADG e os dois testes de DM. Concluiu-se que a AC foi inversamente relacionada ao DM. No entanto, essa variável biológica parece contribuir de modo pouco significativo para explicar as diferenças sexuais no DM de crianças em tarefas que envolvem o deslocamento do corpo todo

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Rekkas, Marie. "Gender and Elections: An Examination of the 2006 Canadian Federal Election." Canadian Journal of Political Science 41, no. 4 (December 2008): 987–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423908081134.

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Abstract. The existing literature on gender effects in the electoral process offers little evidence of significant gender vote share differentials. In this paper it is shown that for the 2006 Canadian federal election, once candidate campaign spending is introduced into the model with appropriate flexibility in the vote share responsiveness across genders, significant differences are found to exist between male and female candidates. The findings suggest that, for equal levels of spending, male incumbents have a vote share advantage relative to female incumbents, though this vote share advantage is found to diminish with increased expenditures. Female non-incumbent candidates, on the other hand, have a vote share advantage over male non-incumbent candidates for higher levels of expenditure and this advantage was found to increase with increased expenditures.Résumé. Les écrits traitant des effets du genre dans le processus électoral offrent peu de preuves d'un écart significatif dans le pourcentage des voix selon le genre. Cet article montrera que, dans le contexte des élections fédérales canadiennes de 2006, une fois que les dépenses de campagne des candidats sont introduites dans le modèle avec la flexibilité adéquate sur la réceptivité du pourcentage des voix selon les genres, on découvre que des différences significatives existent entre les candidats masculins et féminins. Le résultat des recherches montre que pour des dépenses équivalentes, les titulaires masculins ont un avantage sur le pourcentage des voix par rapport aux titulaires de sexe féminin bien qu'il s'avère que cet avantage diminue lorsque les dépenses augmentent. D'autre part, les candidates féminines non-titulaires ont un avantage sur le pourcentage des voix par rapport aux candidats masculins non-titulaires quand les dépenses sont plus élevées et cet avantage s'avère augmenter lorsque les dépenses augmentent.

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Menkes-Bancet, Catherine, David de Jesús-Reyes, and Itzel A. Sosa-Sánchez. "Jóvenes en México: ¿existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en su inicio sexual y uso del condón?" Papeles de Población 25, no. 100 (June 30, 2020): 183–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.22185/24487147.2019.100.17.

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El artículo analiza las características del inicio sexual de los jóvenes mexicanos de 12 a 29 años de edad, así como los factores que se relacionan con mayor uso de métodos anticonceptivos, en particular del uso del condón, enfatizando el rol de las desigualdades de género sobre las prácticas sexuales. Se analizó el inicio sexual de los jóvenes en distintos contextos, comparando entre sexos. También se estudió el uso de los métodos anticonceptivos en la primera relación sexual. Para conocer los factores sociodemográficos relacionados con el uso de un preservativo, se estimaron dos modelos de regresión logística estratificados por sexo. Los datos provienen de la Encuesta Nacional de la Juventud 2010.* Los resultados muestran diferencias por sexo tanto en la edad de inicio sexual, como en las características de la pareja y en los significados dados al inicio sexual. Asimismo, los jóvenes con estereotipos de género más tradicionales incrementan la probabilidad de inicio sexualmente a edades más tempranas, y tienen menor probabilidad de protegerse de un embarazo no planeado y de una infección de transmisión sexual.

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Fernández-Garcia, Angel Iván, Jose Maria Gimenez-Egido, and Gema Torres-Luque. "Differences in Grand Slam competition statistics between professional and U-18 players according to the sex. [Diferencias en las estadísticas de competición de Grand Slam entre jugadores profesionales y Sub-18 según el género]." RICYDE. Revista internacional de ciencias del deporte 17, no. 63 (January 1, 2021): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2021.06303.

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The aim of the study was to determine the differences in competition statistics between professional and under-18 (U-18) players by sex. A total of 546 official matches of Grand Slam were selected (268 male and 278 female). The data was obtained from the official website of the tournaments. Different variables related to match time, serve, return and winners-unforced errors were analysed. Descriptive analysis and a Mann-Whitney U test to analyse the differences between professional players and U-18 players were performed. Likewise, to estimate which variables obtained the greatest significant differences was conducted a discriminant analysis. ATP players played longer sets and matches, had a better serve performance and hitting more winners than U-18 male players. Junior male players increased their return effectivity and hit fewer unforced errors than ATP players (p< 0.001). WTA players hit less double faults, had a better percentage of first serve-in and hit more winners than U-18 female players. Junior female hit less unforced errors than WTA players (p< 0.001). Moreover, the key differences between professional and junior players both males and females were the number of winners and unforced errors per set. Further, the match time and aces hitting were key factors that differentiated ATP players from U-18 male players. These data would be help coaches to design junior’s trainings programs, improving their performance based on key professional stage factors.

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Andrade, Ankilma Do Nascimento, Janaina Barbosa da Silva, Maria Cecilia Pereira, Larice Costa Lourenço, Wilkslam Alves de Araújo, Elisangela Vilar de Assis, Patricia Peixoto Custódio, and Antônio Wilson Júnior Ramalho Lacerda. "Correlação entre fragilidade e força de preensão manual em idosos." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 12, no. 10 (October 7, 2018): 2590. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v12i10a237494p2590-2597-2018.

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RESUMO Objetivo: verificar a relação entre IMC e força de preensão com os critérios de classificação da fragilidade. Método: trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, de campo, exploratório e descritivo, por meio de um questionário com 300 idosos. Os dados foram registrados no programa SPSS, versão 20, e analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: observaram-se associações do sexo com a fragilidade em tempo de caminhada, força de preensão e nível de atividade como, também, na correlação da estrutura com a força de preensão e da massa corporal com a força de preensão para os idosos e as idosas. Por fim, identificaram-se diferenças estatísticas entre a fragilidade em força de preensão, massa corporal e estatura dos homens. Conclusão: com relação aos componentes de fragilidade, houve diferença entre os sexos. As mulheres apresentaram fragilidade para a variável tempo de caminhada e os idosos foram mais frágeis para a força de preensão e o nível de atividade física. Descritores: Antropometria; Diferença Entre os Sexos; Envelhecimento; Estado Nutricional; Idoso Fragilizado; Força Muscular da Mão.ABSTRACT Objective: to verify the relationship between BMI and grip strength with the fragility classification criteria. Method: this is a quantitative field study, exploratory and descriptive, through a questionnaire with 300 elderly people. Data was recorded in the SPSS program, version 20, and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: sex associations with gait duration fragility, grip strength and activity level were observed, as well as in the correlation of the structure with grip strength and body mass with grip strength for the elderly and the elderly. Finally, statistical differences were identified between the grip strength, body mass and height of men. Conclusion: with regard to fragility components, there was difference between the sexes. The women presented fragility for the variable walking time and the elderly were more fragile for the grip strength and the level of physical activity. Descriptors: Anthropometry; Difference Between the Sexes; Aging; Nutritional Status; Fragile Elderly; Muscular Strength of the Hand.RESUMEN Objetivo: verificar la relación entre IMC y fuerza de asimiento con los criterios de clasificación de la fragilidad. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, de campo, exploratorio y descriptivo, por medio de un cuestionario con 300 ancianos. Los datos fueron registrados en el programa SPSS, versión 20, y analizados por estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: se observaron asociaciones del sexo con la fragilidad en tiempo de caminata, fuerza de asimiento y nivel de actividad como, también, en la correlación de la estructura con la fuerza de asimiento y de la masa corporal con la fuerza de asimiento para los ancianos y las personas de edad avanzada. Por último, se identificaron diferencias estadísticas entre la fragilidad en fuerza de asimiento, masa corporal y estatura de los hombres. Conclusión: con respecto a los componentes de fragilidad, hubo diferencia entre los sexos. Las mujeres presentaron fragilidad para la variable tiempo de caminata y los ancianos fueron más frágiles para la fuerza de asimiento y el nivel de actividad física. Descriptors: Antropometría; Diferencia entre los sexos; Envejecimiento; Estado Nutricional; Ancianos Fragilizados; Fuerza Muscular de la Mano.

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Procópio, Gabriel Brito, Álvaro Ferreira da Silva, and Ana Cristina Viana Campos. "Mortalidade Geral no Sudoeste do Pará: uma análise de Cluster entre sexos." Revista de Saúde Coletiva da UEFS 10, no. 1 (October 20, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/rscdauefs.v10i1.4990.

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Introdução: O acompanhamento precípuo da mortalidade geral viabiliza a identificação do perfil epidemiológico sobre as diferenças regionais que interferem na realidade da população. Objetivo: O estudo tevecomo objetivo identificar a razão de mortalidade geral por ano e por sexo, elencando as diferenças nos municípios pertencentes a um centro regional de saúde no sudeste do estado do Pará. Método: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série histórica, entre os anos 2000 a 2015, com dados secundários de todos os municípios pertencentes ao 11º Centro Regional de Saúde do estado do Pará. Resultados: Dos 23 municípios da regional de saúde, os municípios de Curionópolis, Jacundá, Marabá e Rondon do Pará, apresentaram elevada taxa de mortalidade para ambos os sexos. O maior percentual de óbitos masculinos ocorreu no ano de 2010 (67,9%), com razão igual a 5,40 por mil habitantes. Estima-se um aumentode até 55,1% (R2=0,55) da mortalidade para o sexo masculino nos próximos anos. Conclusões: A implementação e o aperfeiçoamento de políticas públicas em saúde voltadas para a redução dos índices de mortalidade que acometem principalmente os homens é fundamental e substancial nas ações para identificação dos fatores de risco e, principalmente, no monitoramento dos óbitos. GENERAL MORTALITY IN SOUTHEASTERN PARÁ: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS BETWEEN SEXES Introduction: The primary follow-up of general mortality enables the identification of the epidemiological profile on regional differences that interfere in the reality of the population. Objective: The study aimed to identify the ratio of general mortality per year and sex, electing the differences in municipalities belonging to a regional health center in the Southeast of Pará state. Method: This is an ecological study of historical series between the years 2000 to 2015, with secondary data from all municipalities belonging to the 11th Regional Health Center of the state of Pará. Results: Of the 23 municipalities of the regional health, the municipalities of Curionópolis, Jacundá, Marabá and Rondon do Pará presented a high mortality rate for both sexes. The highest percentage of male deaths occurred in 2010 (67.9%) with a ratio equal to 5.40 per thous and in habitants. An increase of up to 55.1% (R2=0.55) in male mortality is estimated for the coming years. Conclusions: The implementation and improvement of public health policies aimed at reducing mortality rates that mainly affect men, is fundamental and substantial in actions to identify risk factors and monitoring of deaths.

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Kusumoto, Masaaki, Kazuyuki Ueno, Kazuhiko Tanaka, Kazuya Takeda, Kohji Mashimo, Takaya Kameda, Yasuo Fujimura, and Masahiko Shibakawa. "Lack of Pharmacokinetic Interaction between Mexiletine and Omeprazole." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32, no. 2 (February 1998): 182–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.17177.

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of omeprazole on the pharmacokinetics of mexiletine. METHODS: Nine healthy male Japanese volunteers participated in a crossover study. On day 1, the subjects received mexiletine 200 mg. On days 2–7, they received omeprazole 40 mg, and on day 8 they received mexiletine 200 mg and omeprazole 40 mg concomitantly. Serum concentrations of mexiletine were determined just before drug administration and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours on day 1 and day 8. RESULTS: No differences in mexiletine concentrations were observed between the two phases of the study. The mean AUCs after administration of mexiletine alone and in combination with omeprazole 40 mg/d were 6.26 and 6.20 ng·h/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that omeprazole does not affect mexiletine metabolism. OBJETIVO: Investigar el efecto de omeprazole en la farmacocinética de mexiletine. MÉTODOS: Nueve hombres japoneses saludables participaron en forma voluntaria en un estudio cruzado. En el primer día, los voluntarios recibieron mexiletine 200 mg solamente. Desde el segundo al séptimo día, los sujetos recibieron omeprazole, y en el octavo día recibieron mexiletine y omeprazole 40 mg concomitantemente. Los concentracions séricas de mexiletine fueron tomadas justo antes de la administración del medicamento en la 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, y 24 hora después de la administración del medicamento en el día 1 y en el día 8. RESULTADOS: En las concentraciones de mexiletine no fueron observadas diferencias entre los dos fases del estudio. El área promedio bajo la curva de concentración versus tiempo despues de la administración de mexiletine solo y en combinación con omeprazole 40 mg/día fueron 6.26 y 6.20 ng·h/L, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Los hallazgos sugieren que omeprazole no afecta el metabolismo de mexiletine. OBJECTIF: Évaluer l'influence de l'oméprazole sur la pharmacocinétique de la mexilétine. MÉTHODES: Neuf volontaires sains ont participé à cette étude. Tous les individus étaient d'origine Japonaise et de sexe masculin. Dans un premier temps, les individus ont reçu une dose unique de 200 mg de mexilétine. Puis ils ont reçu 40 mg d'oméprazole pendant 6 jours. La huitième journée de l'étude, on leur a administré 40 mg d'oméprazole accompagné de 200 mg de mexilétine. Des prélèvements sanguins ont été effectués immédiatement avant l'administration de mexilétine et après 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, et 24 heures. Les concentrations de mexilétine étaient mesurées par chromatographie liquide haute performance. RÉSULTATS: Aucune différence n'a été noté entre les concentrations de mexilétine au jour 1 et celles au jour 8. Les surfaces sous la courbe moyennes étaient de 6.26 et 6.20 ng · h/L, respectivement. CONCLUSIONS: Les résultats suggérent que l'oméprazole n'affecte pas le métabolisme de la mexilétine.

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Ngoucheme, A., Y. Manjeli, A. Etchu Kingsley, P. M. Youchaou, P. M. D. Ko Awono, H. P. Bayemi, S. P. Mbiadjeu-Lawou, et al. "Facteurs influençant les performances de croissance de quelques types génétiques de veaux dans les hautes terres de l’Ouest-Cameroun." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 13, no. 7 (February 13, 2020): 3364–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v13i7.31.

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Dans le cadre de l’amélioration de la productivité des bovins, une étude sur les facteurs influençant les performances de croissance de quelques types génétiques de veaux a été réalisée à Bambui sur 374 animaux de 1998 à 2008. L’objectif étant d’évaluer les effets des principaux facteurs influençant les performances de croissance et d’en déduire les contraintes et les moyens de contrôle. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide de la procédure ANOVA du logiciel SAS et les moyennes significatives ont été séparées par le test de Student-Newman-Keul. Au terme de ce travail, il a été déterminé que tous les facteurs ont une influence significative sur tous les traits pré sevrage, tandis que le troupeau n’a pas été significatif sur le poids à la naissance au seuil 5%. Quant à l’évolution du poids et gain moyen quotidien (GMQ) après sevrage, ils ne sont influencés significativement que par la race et le sexe du veau, la race et l’âge de ses parents, l’année, le mois et la saison de naissance et le troupeau. Par ailleurs, certains facteurs environnementaux peuvent masquer les différences génétiques entre les animaux lors de la sélection et le gain génétique ne peut pas être déterminé avec précisionMots clés: Facteurs, croissance, veaux, croisements, races locales. English Title: actors affecting growth performance of terminal crossbred calves in the western highlands of CameroonAs part of the improvement of cattle productivity, a study on the factors influencing the growth performance of some genetic types of calves was conducted at Bambui on 374 animals from 1998 to 2008. The objective being to evaluate the effects of the main factors influencing growth performance and to deduce the constraints and means of control. Data was analyzed using the SAS software ANOVA procedure were separed by the Student-Newman-Keul test. At the end of this work, it has been determined that all factors have a significant influence on all pre-weaning traits,while the flock was not significant on birth weight at the 5% threshold. Mean weight gain and mean daily gain ( ADG) after weaning were significantly influenced only by breed and sex of calf, race and age of parents, year, month and year birth season and the flock. In addition, some environmental factors may mask genetic differences between animals during breeding and genetic gaincan not be determineb accurately.Keywords: Factors, growth, calves, crosses, indigenous breeds.

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Michel Kucharski, Manoella, Ednaldo Da Silva Pereira Filho, and Jesus Molina Saorin. "A habilidade motora de chute: relações entre experiência, sexo e estágio motor (La habilidad motora de pateo: relaciones entre experiencia, sexo y etapa motriz) (The motor skill of kicking: relations between experience, sex and motor stage)." Retos, no. 39 (July 13, 2020): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.77790.

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Resumo. O presente estudo teve por objetivo analisar e discutir as relações entre experiências motoras, sexo e estágio motor. A pesquisa é um estudo de caráter quanti-qualitativo com amostra probabilística composta por 140 alunos de sete a 10 anos. Nesta pesquisa participaram 72 meninos e 68 meninas com média de idade de 8.57 e um desvio padrão de 1.08. A coleta dos dados motores deu-se a partir do teste qualitativo descrito pelos autores Gallahue e Ozmun (2005). O movimento avaliado é a habilidade motora de chute e a sua classificação deu-se de acordo com os estágios motores (inicial, elementar e madura). Os dados sobre experiência motora foram coletados através de um questionário sobre a rotina diária dos participantes. Ambos instrumentos aplicados nesse estudo foram anteriormente validados pelo Método Delphy. Para a análise foi utilizado o teste de qui quadrado (associação de variáveis p≤ .05) sobre as categorias: experiência motora, sexo e estágios motores. Encontramos diferença significativa entre as categorias sexo e estágio motor. O presente estudo revelou uma defasagem motora demonstrada pelos baixos índices de proficiência do movimento. Os dados também apontaram para um desempenho motor mais eficaz do sexo masculino. Sendo assim, é importante repensar de que maneira se está desenvolvendo o estímulo e orientação motora (direcionada ou não) entre ambos os sexos em espaços onde eles vivenciam suas essas experiências. Resumen. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar y discutir las relaciones entre las experiencias motoras, el sexo y la etapa motriz. La investigación es un estudio de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo con una muestra probabilística compuesta por 140 estudiantes entre siete y 10 años. Participaron del estudio 72 niños y 68 niñas, la edad promedio fue 8.57 años con una desviación estándar de 1.08. La recopilación de datos motores se basó en la prueba cualitativa descrita por los autores Gallahue y Ozmun (2005). El movimiento evaluado es la habilidad motora de pateo y su clasificación se realizó de acuerdo con las etapas motrices (inicial, elemental y madura). Los datos sobre la experiencia motora se obtuvieron mediante un cuestionario sobre la rutina diaria de los participantes. Ambos instrumentos aplicados en este estudio fueron previamente validados por el Método Delphy. La prueba de chi cuadrado (asociación de variables p≤ .05) fue utilizada para el análisis de las categorías: experiencia motora, sexo y etapas motrices. Si encontró una diferencia significativa entre las categorías de sexo y etapa motora. El presente estudio reveló un retraso motor demostrado por los bajos niveles de dominio del movimiento. Los datos también apuntan a un rendimiento motor masculino más efectivo. Por lo tanto, es importante replantear cómo se está desarrollando la estimulación y orientación motriz (dirigida o no) entre ambos sexos en los espacios donde experimentan estas experiencias. Abstract. The present study aimed to analyze and discuss the relationships between motor experiences, sex and motor stage. The research is a quantitative and qualitative study with a probabilistic sample composed of 140 students aged seven to 10 years. The 72 boys and 68 girls have participated in this research with an average age of 8.57 and whit a standard deviation 1.08. The collection of motor data was based on the qualitative test described by the authors Gallahue and Ozmun (2005). The evaluated movement is the kicking motor skill and its classification was made according to the motor stages (initial, elementary and mature). Data on motor experience were collected through a questionnaire about the participants' daily routine. Both instruments applied in this study were previously validated by the Delphy Method. The chi square test (association of variables p≤ .05) was used for the analysis on the categories: motor experience, sex and motor stages. We found a significant difference between the sex and motor stage categories. The present study revealed a motor lag demonstrated by the low levels of movement proficiency. The data also pointed to a more effective male motor performance. Therefore, it is important to rethink how motor stimulation and orientation (directed or not) is developing between both sexes in spaces where they experience these experiences.

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Gonçalves, Cintia Schivinscki. "Taxa de elocução e taxa de articulação em corpus utilizado na perícia de Comparação de Locutores." Letras de Hoje 52, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-7726.2017.1.25540.

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Neste estudo verificou-se a taxa de elocução (TE) e de articulação (TA), bem como a adequação do uso dessas medidas temporais na perícia de Comparação de Locutores. Calculou-se a TE/TA global e local média nas amostras de fala espontânea questionada (interceptações telefônicas judicialmente autorizadas realizadas sem a ciência dos locutores) e padrão (entrevista semidirigida gravada com o consentimento dos locutores) de sete falantes nativos do português brasileiro, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 14 e 33 anos. Definiu-se o potencial individualizante da TE/TA e a relação entre essas e as variáveis independentes idade, sexo, escolaridade, tempo transcorrido entre as amostras (gap temporal), tipo de gravação e tamanho do intervalo de fala. Como resultado obteve-se coeficiente de correlação intraclasse satisfatório associado à TA, diferença significativa quanto à ciência da gravação na TE e correlação significativa entre gap temporal e TA e entre tamanho do intervalo de fala e TE.********************************************************************Speech rate and articulation rate in corpus used in the forensic Speaker ComparisonAbstract: This study examined the speech rate (SR) and the articulation rate (AR), as well as the appropriateness of the use of these temporal measures in the forensic Speaker Comparison. The global and local mean SR/AR in spontaneous speech samples – obtained from unaware audio recordings (legally authorized telephone interceptions) and known ones (semistructured interview) – from seven native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, of both sexes, aged between 14 and 33 years were considered. The speaker-discriminating power of SR and AR and the relationship between rates and the independent variables age, sex, formal education, temporal gap between the recordings, type of recording, length of speech stretch were defined. As a result we obtained satisfactory intraclass correlation coefficient for the AR, significant difference between the factors of the variable type of recording in SR and significant correlation between temporal gap and AR and between length of speech stretch and SR.Keywords: Speech rate; Articulation rate; Forensic phonetics; Speaker Comparison

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Bartz, Diana Weber, Carolina Nunes Laux, Cecília Vieira Peruch, Maria Inês Dornelles da Costa Ferreira, Márcia Salgado Machado, and Letícia Pacheco Ribas. "Relação entre os achados do teste masking level difference e do reflexo acústico em crianças com transtorno fonológico." Revista CEFAC 17, no. 5 (October 2015): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620151753515.

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Resumo: OBJETIVO: investigar os achados do teste Masking Level Difference com os resultados do reflexo acústico e a composição do sistema fonológico de crianças com transtorno fonológico, com o propósito de verificar se há associações que possam auxiliar a compreensão do processo de aquisição de linguagem atípica. MÉTODOS: estudo quantitativo, observacional e descritivo, desenvolvido por meio de levantamento secundário de um banco de dados, constituído de avaliações fonoaudiológicas de 110 crianças com transtorno fonológico, com idades entre 5 e 10 anos. Para a composição do corpus deste estudo o requisito utilizado foi a realização da timpanometria, com curva timpanométrica do tipo A (Jerger) e possuir avaliação do Masking Level Difference. RESULTADOS: dos dados de 110 crianças, 57 se enquadraram nestes requisitos, compondo a população deste estudo, sendo 42 do sexo masculino e 15 do sexo feminino. Destas 57 crianças, 23 (40,3%) apresentam resultado do Masking Level Difference normal e 34 (59,7%) apresentam resultado alterado. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística na relação entre o Masking Level Difference com as variáveis idade, sexo, grau de inteligibilidade de fala e o resultado do reflexo acústico contralateral e ipsilateral. Na relação entre a aquisição fonológica dos fonemas em onsetinicial e medial, foi encontrada significância estatística entre a não aquisição dos fonemas /s/ e /ʀ/ em onset inicial e /s/ e /z/ em onset medial com o resultado do teste alterado. CONCLUSÃO: outras habilidades do processamento auditivo, além da interação binaural, devem ser estudadas a fim de identificar a relação deste com o transtorno fonológico.

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Butler-Hogg, B. W., and A. J. Brown. "Muscle weight distribution in lambs: a comparison of entire male and female." Animal Science 42, no. 3 (June 1986): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100018110.

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ABSTRACTThe carcasses of 15 ram and 15 ewe lambs of the Dorset Down breed, weight range 12 to 23 kg, were separated into individual muscles, bones and fat depots.At the same carcass weight (16-8 kg) the ram lambs contained 41 g more muscle per kg, but there were few important differences between sexes in individual muscle weights; 65 of the 72 muscles differed in weight by less than 10 g.The distribution of total muscle weight between eight anatomical groupings differed significantly between the sexes; ewes had proportionately more muscle in the proximal pelvic limb (8 g/kg) and less in the neck (7 g/kg) and distal thoracic limb (1 g/kg). Despite these small differences in muscle-weight distribution in higher-valued joints in favour of the ewe lambs, each of their joints contained less muscle than those of ram lambs.In these lambs, reared under commercial conditions in the United Kingdom, there were no signs of gross morphological differences which could result in their disqualification for the Variable Premium of the European Economic Community Sheepmeat Regime. In particular the m. splenius cervicus was a very small proportion of total muscle in both sexes (1·5 and 2·5 g/kg for ewe and ram respectively).

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Sanches, Michele, and Elisabete Salay. "Alimentação fora do domicílio de consumidores do município de Campinas, São Paulo." Revista de Nutrição 24, no. 2 (April 2011): 295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-52732011000200010.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em uma amostra não probabilística de indivíduos, a frequência de consumo de refeições realizadas fora do domicílio e os tipos de estabelecimentos mais utilizados para realizar o almoço. MÉTODOS: Entrevistou-se, em janeiro de 2006, por meio de questionário pré-testado, uma amostra por probabilística de 250 consumidores - 125 do sexo masculino e 125 do sexo feminimo -, adultos, residentes no município de Campinas. Para identificar diferenças significativas entre a frequência com que o consumidor costuma almoçar em diferentes locais e sua opinião com relação aos fatores que influenciam a escolha dos estabelecimentos de acordo com variáveis socioeconômicas e demográficas, foram utilizados o teste t de Student, a análise da variância e o teste Least Square Difference de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Dos entrevistados, 38,8% e 30,4%, respectivamente, relataram almoçar de quatro a sete vezes e jantar de uma a três vezes por semana fora do domicílio. Uma parcela de 35,2% dos consumidores apontou almoçar frequentemente e muito frequentemente em restaurantes a quilo e self service. Entre os fatores importantes para a escolha dos estabelecimentos, destacou-se, como muitíssimo importante, a higiene dos funcionários e do local. Foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p<0,05) entre as frequências e as opiniões estudadas de acordo com características socioeconômicas e demográficas dos indivíduos. CONCLUSÃO: No âmbito do consumo alimentar fora do domicílio, destaca-se, em termos de frequência, o almoço em restaurante tipo self service e a quilo. É pertinente viabilizar programas de informação nutricional para consumidores sobre a alimentação fora do domicílio.

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Vicent, María, M. P. Aparicio Flores, Cándido J. Inglés, Mª Isabel Gómez-Núñez, Aitana Fernández-Sogorb, and David Aparisi-Sierra. "PERFECCIONISMO INFANTIL: DIFERENCIAS EN FUNCIÓN DEL SEXO Y LA EDAD." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 3, no. 1 (November 4, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v3.970.

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Abstract. CHILD PERFECTIONISM: DIFFERENCES ACROSS SEX AND AGE The aim of this study was to analyze the sex and age differences in the levels of child perfectionism, considering the dimensions: Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP), Self-Oriented Perfectionism Criticism (SOP-C) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism Strivings (SOP-S). The sample was composed by 804 Primary Education students from Spain, aged between 8 and 11 years old (Mage = 9.57; SD = 1.12). The Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale was used to assess the perfectionist dimensions. The results of the variance analysis revealed statistically significant differences in favor of males for SOP-C and SOP-S dimensions. However, these differences had no practical relevance because their associated magnitude (d index) were below .20. Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed across age for perfectionist dimensions. Moreover, a significant interaction effect (sex x age) was not found.Keywords: child perfectionism, sex, age, Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, Primary Education.Resumen.El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar las diferencias en función del sexo y la edad en los niveles de perfeccionismo infantil, atendiendo a las dimensiones: Perfeccionismo Socialmente Prescrito (PSP), Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado Críticas (PAO-C) y Perfeccionismo Auto-Orientado Esfuerzos (PAO-E). La muestra se compuso de 804 alumnos españoles de Educación Primaria con edades comprendidas entre 8 y 11 años (Medad = 9.57; SD = 1.12). Las dimensiones perfeccionistas fueron evaluadas a través de la versión española de la Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale. Los resultados del análisis de varianza revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en favor de los varones para las dimensiones PAO-C y PAO-E. Sin embargo, dichas diferencias carecieron de relevancia práctica puesto que la magnitud asociada (índice d) fue inferior a .20. Similarmente, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en función de la edad para ninguna de las dimensiones perfeccionistas ni se encontró un efecto de interacción (sexo x edad) significativo.Palabras clave: perfeccionismo infantil, sexo, edad, Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale, Educación Primaria

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Pavlova, Denitza, Rianne Pinxten, and Marcel Eens. "Female Song in European Starlings: Sex Differences, Complexity, and Composition." Condor 107, no. 3 (August 1, 2005): 559–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/107.3.559.

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Abstract While male song and its functions have been well studied, female song has often been overlooked. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the spontaneous female song in a well-studied northern temperate songbird, the European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). We compared the song organization, complexity, and composition of female and male starlings housed in large outdoor aviaries. Overall, the general organization was similar in both sexes, and some females sang complex song bouts of more than 30 seconds of uninterrupted song. Although some females were capable of singing the four phrase-type categories typically found in male song bouts (whistle, variable, rattle, and high-frequency phrase types), a significantly lower proportion of females sang all four categories of phrase type as compared to males. Our results also revealed large individual variation in song characteristics among females: repertoire size varied between 11 and 36 phrase types, while average song bout length ranged between 10 and 26 seconds. All song parameters (total repertoire size, song bout length, and repertoire size within the four different phrase categories) were significantly lower in females than in males. Nevertheless, except for the number of rattle phrase types, song parameters overlapped between the sexes demonstrating that some females produced a more complex song than some males. Canto de la Hembra en Sturnus vulgaris: Diferencias entre Sexos, Complejidad y Composición Resumen. Mientras que el canto del macho y sus funciones han sido bien estudiados, el canto de las hembras ha sido menos estudiado. En este estudio, brindamos una descripción detallada del canto espontáneo de la hembra en una especie bien estudiada de ave canora del norte templado, Sturnus vulgaris. Comparamos la organización del canto, la complejidad y la composición entre machos y hembras en aviarios de gran tamaño emplazados al aire libre. En total, la organización general fue similar en ambos sexos, y algunas hembras cantaron unidades de canto complejas durante más de 30 segundos de modo ininterrumpido. Aunque algunas hembras fueron capaces de cantar las cuatro categorías de tipos de frases típicamente halladas en las unidades de canto de los machos (silbido, variable, matraqueo y tipos de frases de alta frecuencia), una porción significativamente menor de las hembras cantó todas las cuatro categorías de tipos de frases en comparación con los machos. Nuestros resultados también revelaron gran variación individual entre hembras en las características del canto: el tamaño del repertorio varió entre 11 y 36 tipos de frases, mientras que la duración promedio de la unidad de canto fluctuó entre 10 y 26 segundos. Todos los parámetros examinados del canto (tamaño total del repertorio, duración de la unidad de canto y tamaño del repertorio dentro de las cuatro categorías diferentes de frases) fueron significativamente menores en las hembras que en los machos. A pesar de ello, a excepción del número del tipo de frases de matraqueo, los pará metros del canto se superpusieron entre los sexos, implicando que algunas hembras produjeron un canto más complejo que algunos machos.

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Ruiz-Ariza, Alberto, Manuel J. De la Torre-Cruz, Sebastián López-Serrano, Emilio J. Martínez-López, and Jaime Cárcamo-Oyarzún. "Analysis of the effect size of overweight in speed-agility test among adolescents (Reference values according to sex, age and BMI)." Retos, no. 40 (October 30, 2020): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v1i40.79275.

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The objective of the present cross-sectional study was to quantify the effect size of overweight on the results of speed-agility in adolescents and to report percentile tables based on sex, age and BMI. Was hypothesized that the effect size obtained from the difference between normal-weight and overweight youth would be equal to or greater than the differences between sexes within the same age group. A total of 10.439 Spanish adolescents aged 13.72 ± 1.42 years from 42 secondary schools participated in the research. Speed-agility was evaluated using the 4x10 m test. The effect size was analysed using the adjusted Hedges’ ğ. The findings regarding sex show that 92.74% and 86.98% of normal-weight and overweight girls, respectively, attained lower speed-agility than boys. With regard to body composition, the percentages are also high, but they are a bit lower than those for sex. So, 77.26% and 70.52% of overweight boys and girls, respectively, showed lower speed-agility than their normal-weight peers. The differential effect size between boys and girls is higher than between normal-weight and overweight adolescents in speed-agility. In spite of this, the results suggest that BMI should be taken into account in assessing the speed-agility of young people. Resumen. El objetivo de este estudio transversal fue cuantificar el tamaño del efecto del sobrepeso en los resultados de velocidad-agilidad en adolescentes e informar las tablas de percentiles en función del sexo, la edad y el IMC. Se planteó la hipótesis de que el tamaño del efecto obtenido entre los jóvenes con sobrepeso y normopeso sería igual o mayor que las diferencias entre los sexos dentro del mismo grupo de edad. Un total de 10.439 adolescentes españoles de 13.72 ± 1.42 años de 42 centros de educación secundaria participaron en la investigación. Se evaluó la velocidad-agilidad utilizando la prueba de 4x10 m. El tamaño del efecto se analizó ajustando por la prueba ğ de Hedges. Los resultados con respecto al sexo muestran que el 92.74% y el 86.98% de las niñas con sobrepeso y normopeso, respectivamente, alcanzaron una velocidad-agilidad menor que los niños. Con respecto a la composición corporal, los porcentajes también son altos, pero son un poco más bajos que los del sexo. El 77.26% y 70.52% de los niños y niñas con sobrepeso, respectivamente, mostraron menor velocidad-agilidad que sus pares de peso normal. Como conclusión, el tamaño del efecto diferencial entre niños y niñas es mayor que entre adolescentes con normopeso y sobrepeso en velocidad-agilidad. A pesar de esto, los resultados sugieren que se debe tener en cuenta el IMC al evaluar la velocidad-agilidad de los jóvenes.

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Santos, Maria Júlia, and Sara Del Prete Panciera. "Sociocognição em foco: considerações sobre aspectos biológicos e culturais." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): e3759108663. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8663.

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Investigações a respeito de diferenças entre gênero/sexo e suas repercussoes na cognição social constituem um tema relevante e atual. Este artigo pretende apresentar uma primeira aproximaçao às produções nessa área ao analisar estudos que tematizam as relações entre diferenças ligadas ao sexo (sex differences) e as bases neurais da teoria da mente. Para sustentar a análise, foi conduzida uma revisão da literatura, resultando em 4 publicações que compuseram o conjunto de textos para análise. Os achados na literatura parecem apontar para diferenças no recrutamento de áreas nas bases neurais da teoria da mente em função da diferença de sexo. Ao mesmo tempo, entretanto, algumas questões centrais seguem carecendo ainda serem iluminadas por futuras investigações, tais como, 1) a interpretação da natureza das diferenças encontradas, bem como da articulação entre aspectos biológicos e culturais nesse processo, e 2) as relações entre diferenças nas bases neurais da teoria da mente, a leitura do mundo social e o comportamento social.

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Pistole, David H. "Sexual differences in the annual lipid cycle of the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus." Canadian Journal of Zoology 67, no. 8 (August 1, 1989): 1891–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-270.

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The annual lipid cycle in male and female big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus, was studied in relation to the reproductive patterns for each sex. The basic pattern of lipid deposition and use was similar in males and females; however, there were differences between the sexes in the timing of these activities. Females began rapid fat deposition 1 month earlier than males. The beginning of rapid fat deposition in females is associated with the end of lactation and in males with the end of spermatogenesis and the peak mating season. Rates of fat use were similar between the sexes for the entire hibernation period, but the rate in females was more consistent than the rate in males. The caloric content of male bats did not differ throughout the year, but females had higher values during pregnancy and lactation than at other times of the year. Differences between the sexes in the timing of specific events within the annual lipid cycle appear to be adaptations for optimizing reproductive success.

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Ponseti Verdaguer, Francisco Javier, Alexandre García Más, Jaume Cantallops Ramón, and Josep Vidal Conti. "Diferencias de sexo respecto de la ansiedad asociada a la competición deportiva (Gender differences in relation to anxiety associated with sports competitions)." Retos, no. 31 (November 14, 2016): 193–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i31.40325.

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El presente trabajo retoma y actualiza las relaciones entre sexo y ansiedad en los deportes de competición. Se analizan las relaciones existentes entre el sexo, la ansiedad competitiva y el tipo de deporte practicado. Se han estudiado 126 deportistas federados de ambos sexos (43 nadadores y 83 baloncestistas), con una edad media de 14.85 años (DE= 2.41), durante la temporada 2013-14, a los cuales se les administró la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Ansiedad Competitiva (SAS-2). Los resultados muestran que existe un nivel mayor de ansiedad competitiva en las mujeres que en los varones, de forma similar a hallazgos anteriores, aunque los resultados también indican diferencias entre deportes individuales y colectivos, así como diferencias entre los valores de los tres componentes de la ansiedad competitiva: somática, promotora de desconcentración y de preocupación por el rendimiento. Así, las mujeres muestran una mayor preocupación por el rendimiento y ansiedad somática que los hombres. Finalmente, se discuten los resultados en función de otros hallazgos y del concepto multidimensional de la ansiedad competitiva.Abstract. The relationship between gender and anxiety in competitive sports has been taken up and updated by this research. In fact, we analyzed the relation between gender, anxiety, and sports modalities. The study sample was composed by 126 federated female and male athletes (43 swimmers and 83 basketball players), with a mean age of 14.85 years (SD=2.41), during the season 2013-14. Athletes were administered the Spanish adapted version of Sport Anxiety Scale-2 (SAS-2). In line with previous findings, our results show that female athletes have higher competitive anxiety than their male colleagues. In addition, differences were found between individual and team sports, as well as comparing the values of the three components of competitive anxiety: somatic, lack of concentration, and concerns about performance. Women show greater concern about their performance, as well as higher somatic anxiety than men. Finally, the results are discussed and compared with other findings and with the multidimensional concept of competitive anxiety.

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Toribio Pérez, Lorena, Norma Ivonne González-Arratia López-Fuentes, and Hans Oudhof van Barneveld. "Salud mental positiva en adolescentes mexicanos: diferencias por sexo/Positive Mental Health in Mexican Adolescents: Differences by Sex." Revista Costarricense de Psicología 37, no. 2 (December 20, 2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v37i02.03.

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ResumenLa evidencia empírica acerca de las diferencias de la salud mental positiva respecto al sexo, son escasas, incluso controversiales. El objetivo es analizar la salud mental positiva entre hombres y mujeres. La muestra está compuesta por 533 participantes de la Ciudad de Toluca, Estado de México. Todos estudiantes de nivel medio superior, hombres (44.4%) y mujeres (55.6%), entre 14 y 20 años. Se aplicó la escala de salud mental positiva (Lluch, 1999). Los resultados mostraron que el 38.3% de la muestra se encuentra en un nivel alto y el 16.1% en muy alto nivel de salud mental positiva. Del análisis descriptivo, la dimensión satisfacción personal puntuó por arriba de la media teórica. Se confirma parcialmente la hipótesis, porque se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en cuatro de las seis dimensiones, en satisfacción personal, actitud prosocial y habilidad de relaciones interpersonales, con puntuaciones más altas para las mujeres y en autocontrol en el grupo de los hombres. Se sugiere continuar con el análisis de la salud mental positiva.AbstractEmpirical evidence of differences in positive mental health with respect to sex, are sparse, even controversial. The objective here is to analyze positive mental health between men and women. The sample is made up of 533 participants from Toluca, State of Mexico. All were upper-level students, males (44.4%) and females (55.6%), between 14 and 20 years old. The Positive Mental Health Questionaire (PMHQ) was applied (Lluch, 1999). The results showed that 38.3% of the sample is at a high level and 16.1% at a very high level of positive mental health. From the descriptive analysis the personal satisfaction dimension scored above the theoretical average. The hypothesis is partially confirmed, since significant differences were obtained in four of the six dimensions, in personal satisfaction, prosocial attitude and ability for interpersonal relationships, with higher scores for females and self-control in the male group. We suggest that the analysis of positive mental health be continued.

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Cooper Jr., William E. "Age, sex and escape behaviour in the Striped Plateau Lizard (Sceloporus virgatus) and the Mountain Spiny Lizard (S. jarrovii), with a review of age and sex effects on escape by lizards." Behaviour 148, no. 11-13 (2011): 1215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000579511x598334.

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AbstractEscape behaviour often differs between sexes, reproductive states and ages. Escape theory predicts that flight initiation distance (FID = predator–prey distance when escape begins) increases as predation risk and fitness increase, and decreases as cost of escaping increases. Similar predictions hold for distance fled and refuge entry, suggesting that age and sex differences in escape behaviour may occur when risk, fitness, and opportunity costs differ. I studied such differences in two lizard species and reviewed relevant literature on escape by lizards. In Sceloporus virgatus no difference occurred between sexes or female reproductive states in FID, distance fled, distance from refuge, or probability of entering refuge. In S. jarrovii juveniles had shorter FID and distance fled than adults; juveniles were closer than females to refuge, but this did not affect FID or distance fled. Juveniles were more likely than adults to be on rocks and use them as refuges. The literature review showed that sexual dimorphism in FID occurs in about 1/5 of species (male FID usually > female FID), but distance fled differed between sexes in only 1 of 21 species. Juveniles had shorter FID than adults in all of five species; the relationship between age and distance fled was highly variable. Reasons for patterns of age/sex differences are discussed. Because age and sex differences in these factors and escape strategy can alter multiple components affecting optimality, sometimes in opposite ways, these factors and escape strategy must be known to predict effects of age, sex and reproductive state on escape.

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Ransdell, Lynda B., and Christine L. Wells. "Sex Differences in Athletic Performance." Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 8, no. 1 (April 1999): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.8.1.55.

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Do women out-perform men in endurance sports? Are women as strong, pound for pound, as men? Many questions have been raised about the ability of women and men to perform physical tasks equally well. The issue of sex differences and similarities in performance has considerable significance today as women seek physically demanding careers in police-work, fire-fighting, the military, industry, and athletics. As more women participate in recreational and career opportunities formerly open only to men, knowledge about sex differences in response to physical exertion and training becomes increasingly important. In this paper we describes differences between the sexes in athletic performance.Most performance differences are due to variations in morphological (structural) or physiological characteristics typical of women and men (Wells, 1991). Nevertheless, variations in these characteristics are often as large or larger within each sex as they are between the sexes. The same is true of physical performance. Thus, when the entire population is considered, there are extensive differences in performance within each sex, and considerable overlap in performance between the sexes.We will base our examination of performance differences on the most outstanding performances of each sex: those exemplified by World Records in athletic events. We seek to answer such questions as: How large are sex differences in world record performances? Can existing performance differences be explained entirely by biological differences between the sexes? Or, are a large portion of these performance differ-ences attributable to sociocultural factors?We will analyze sex differences in performance relative to the human energy system. This system allows an extraordinary range of mechanisms for neuromuscular coordination and metabolism. Because of this, the human has a virtually unlimited movement repertoire and is capable of movements requiring large bursts of energy over very brief periods of time, as well as movements requiring low levels of energy production over very long periods of time. We will progress from sports that require very high intensity and explosive quality movements such as jumping and power lifting, through the “energy spectrum” to feats of endurance such as marathon running, ultra-distance triathlon, and open-water distance swimming.Due to our desire to focus this paper on a reasonable amount of data, our analysis will be limited as follows:1) for sex differences in high intensity-brief duration, explosive per-formance, we will discuss the high jump, long jump, and various mea-sures of strength (powerlifting),2) for sex differences in high intensity-short duration performance, we will present data on sprint running (100m, 400m) and swimming (100m),3) for sex differences in moderate intensity-moderate duration performance, we will discuss middle-distance running (1500m, 5000m, 10,000m), and swimming (1500m), and4) for differences in low intensity-long duration performance, we will discuss the marathon, the "Ironman Triathlon," and open ocean distance swimming.

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Marzam, Marzam, and Neviyarni Suhaili. "TINGKAT KECEMASAN SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH DALAM PERTUNJUKAN MUSIK." Jurnal Sendratasik 10, no. 1 (December 5, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jsu.v9i2.111016.

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The study aimed to measure Student Anxiety Levels in the Music Performance Anxiety Scale (MPAS) for high school (SMA) students with musical interests in Padang City, and to conduct studies on validity and reliability. In this case, the scale will be developed for use for middle school students (adolescents), and differences between the sexes will be examined. The research was conducted on 546 high school students. Of these students, 185 (33.9%) is male, 361 (66.1%) is female, and the average age is 16.81 with an age range of 15 to 20. The correlation value of scaled items between them and with the total items is checked as a preliminary analysis. As a result of the engineering of the EFA's main components, promax rotation techniques and their analysis, three-factor construction accounted for a total of 42.74% of the total variants achieved. The achieved structure is validated by the CFA, and a match index is found in the acceptance interval. In reliability studies, Alpha Cronbach's internal consistency coefficient was calculated as 0.86 for the entire scale, 27% for bottom-up group comparisons and re-test analysis conducted. T-tests were conducted to determine the difference between the sexes. As a result of the study, a valid and reliable visible scale has been developed and the differences between the sexes are clearly visible.Keywords: gender; high school students; anxiety of musical performances

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Ruiz-Juan, Francisco, and Antonio Zarauz Sancho. "Ansiedad en maratonianos en función de variables socio-demográficas (Anxiety in marathoners based on socio-demographic variables)." Retos, no. 25 (March 5, 2015): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i25.34470.

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En la creciente población de corredores españoles y mexicanos de ruta se analizan su ansiedad precompetitiva y sus principales características bio-socio-demográficas. También se analiza la influencia de dichas variables en la puntuación de la ansiedad cognitiva, la ansiedad somática y la autoconfianza, tanto en la muestra española de corredores de ruta, como en la mexicana. Se obtienen valiosos datos descriptivos de su ansiedad y características bio-socio-demográficas y se concluye que los corredores de ruta tienen una moderada ansiedad precompetitiva, tanto cognitiva como somática, sin diferencias significativas entre sexos ni entre las muestras española y mexicana. Sin embargo, los valores obtenidos en autoconfianza son altos en la muestra española y muy altos en la muestra mexicana, en ambos casos con diferencias significativas a favor de los varones. Por último, en la influencia que tienen las variables bio-socio-demográficas en las puntuaciones de la ansiedad cognitiva, ansiedad somática y autoconfianza, existen numerosas diferencias significativas, tanto por sexo como entre las muestras española y mexicana.Palabras clave: CSAI-2R; variables socio-demográficas; ansiedad cognitiva; ansiedad somática; autoconfianza.Abstract: In the growing population of Spanish and Mexican route runners we analyze their precompetitive anxiety and its main features bio-socio-demographic characteristics. We also analyze the influence of these variables on the cognitive anxiety score, somatic anxiety and self-confidence, both in the Spanish sample route corridors, as in Mexican sample. Valuable descriptive data were obtained of their anxiety and bio-socio-demographic characteristic, and concludes that runners have a moderate route precompetitive anxiety, cognitive or somatic, without significant differences between sexes or between Spanish and Mexican samples. However, the score obtained in confidence are high in the Spanish sample and very high in the Mexican sample, in both cases with significant differences in favor of males. Finally, the influence of bio-socio-demographic variables scores in cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety and self-confidence, there are many significant differences, both by gender and between Spanish and Mexican samples.Key words:CSAI-2R; socio-demographic variables; cognitive anxiety; somatic anxiety; self confidence.

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Noltie, Douglas B. "Differences in breeding Lake Superior pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum)) associated with variation in thyroid hyperplasia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 12 (December 1, 1988): 2688–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-394.

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Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (Walbaum)) from eastern Lake Superior exhibit various degrees of thyroid hyperplasia. A link between goitrogenesis and growth is suggested by the increased prevalence of large lesions among large fish of both sexes. Despite males being larger than females, however, lesion prevalence did not differ between the sexes. More large lesions occurred among late migrants, especially males, indicating a seasonal increase in hyperplasticity. Delayed stream entry occurred in overtly lesioned fish of both sexes, evidence of a possible inhibition of maturation. Males and females differed in condition (weight-at-length) with lesion severity. Females with overt lesions showed reduced secondary sexual character development, more so than males. The pre- and post-spawning testis characteristics of males generally did not differ with lesion size, although the testes of spawned-out males with large lesions did have higher water contents. In females, the reduced water content of eggs in severely lesioned individuals was evidence of delayed maturation. Enlarged livers occurred in badly lesioned females, but not in males. In neither sex did severely lesioned fish exhibit shorter breeding life-spans. In overview, this study demonstrates that a wide range of effects is associated with differences in the severity of thyroid hyperplasia exhibited by Lake Superior pink salmon, these also being mediated by apparent differences in physiology between the sexes.

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Chandia-Poblete, Damian, Andrea Cortinez-O'Ryan, Constanza Ulloa-Lopez, and Nicolas Aguilar-Farias. "Compliance of pedometer-derived physical activity recommendations and step accumulation patterns in Chilean children from low-income areas (Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de actividad física derivadas del podómetro y patrones de acumulación gradual." Retos, no. 35 (November 19, 2018): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.65096.

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Abstract. Background: Device measured physical activity (PA) allow better understanding on how PA is accrued during days. The purpose of this study was to describe pedometer-derived PA levels and patterns by gender in a population of Chilean children. Methods: 100 children were randomly selected from two low-income neighborhoods in Santiago, Chile. PA was measured with a wrist-worn pedometer for 7 consecutive days. Steps were summarized as total steps per hour and steps per day. PA hourly-patterns were compared across subgroups by age, gender, residence type and nutritional status. Results: 85 participants provided valid data (40 boys, 7.9±2.64 years, 47.8% overweight/obese). On an average day, children accumulated 11692.8±6061.8 steps with no differences between sexes (p=0.14). However, boys accumulated more steps in the morning and lunchtime than girls. Only 35.3% of the sample met PA guidelines (active), with no differences by sex (p=0.39). Active children in weekdays were more likely to meet the guidelines in weekend days (adjusted OR: 4.70, CI 95% 1.67-13.20) than those inactive in weekdays. Conclusion: PA guidelines compliance was relatively low. Step accumulation patterns differed between and within days including differences by gender in the morning and lunch time. This information may be used for designing feasible and equitable strategies for increasing the chances for meeting PA recommendations in both girls and boys. Resumen. Antecedentes: los métodos objetivos para medir la actividad física (AF) permiten una mejor comprensión de cómo se acumula la AF durante días. El propósito de este estudio fue describir los niveles y patrones de AF derivados del podómetro en una población de niños chilenos. Métodos: 100 niños participaron de dos barrios de bajos ingresos seleccionados al azar en Santiago de Chile. AF se midió con un podómetro de pulsera durante 7 días consecutivos. Los pasos se resumieron como pasos totales por hora y pasos por día. Los patrones de AF por hora se compararon entre los subgrupos por edad, sexo, tipo de residencia y estado nutricional. Resultados: 85 participantes proporcionaron datos válidos (40 niños, 7.9-2.64 años, 47.8% con sobrepeso / obesidad). En un día normal, los niños acumularon 11692.8±6061.8 pasos sin diferencias entre sexos (p = 0.14). Sin embargo, los niños acumularon más pasos en la mañana y mediodía que las niñas. Solo el 35.3% de la muestra cumplió con las recomendaciones de AF (activo), sin diferencias por sexo (p = 0.39). Los niños activos en los días de semana tenían más probabilidades de cumplir con las recomendaciones en los días de fin de semana (OR ajustado: 4.70, IC 95% 1.67-13.20) que los inactivos en los días de la semana. Conclusión: El cumplimiento de las recomendaciones de AF fue relativamente bajo. Los patrones de acumulación de pasos difieren entre y durante el día, incluyendo diferencias según sexo en relación a la acumulación de pasos en la mañana y almuerzo. Esta información puede ser utilizada para diseñar estrategias equitativas para aumentar las posibilidades de cumplir con las recomendaciones de AF tanto para niñas como para niños.

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López Ferrada, Matias Ruben, Fernando Javier Cerda Navarrete, Cristian José Oñate Navarrete, and Roberto Lagos Hernandez. "Estado nutricional y fuerza de tren inferior: diferencias entre sexo y área geográfica entre niños y niñas. (Nutritional status and lower train force: differences between gender and geographical area between boys and girls)." Retos 42 (May 18, 2021): 612–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.88049.

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El presente estudio transversal pretende determinar y establecer la asociación entre las variables de estado nutricional y fuerza en el segmento inferior entre estudiantes Chilenos correspondientes a la región de la Araucanía, pertenecientes a un sector urbano en contraste con estudiantes de un sector rural. La muestra fue de 120 escolares, divididos en 60 niños y 60 niñas cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 10 y 11 años . Se realizó medición del IMC (Kg/H^2) para luego clasificar su estado nutricional y también la prueba de salto vertical Test de Sargent (fuerza de tren inferior) en la población escolar. Los grupos fueron comparados con la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado con intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Para los resultados del test de Sargent se realizó correlación de Pearson. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de niñas de ambos sectores, encasilladas en el rango de sobrepeso y obesidad. Así mismo, presentan similitud en la prueba de salto vertical (test de Sargent) en donde no existieron diferencias significativas al momento de correlacionar entre sexo y área geográfica. Abstact. The present cross-sectional study aims to determine an establish the association between the variables of nutritional status and lower segment in Chilean students from Araucanía Region an urban sector in contrast to students from a rural sector. The sample was 120 schoolchildren, divided into 60 boys and 60 girls whose ages fluctuated between 10 and 11 years of age. BMI (Kg / H ^ 2) was measured to later classify their nutritional status and also the Sargent vertical jump test (lower body strength) in the school population. The groups were compared with the statistical T-student test for independent samples with 95% confidence intervals. Pearson's correlation was performed for the results of the Sargent test. A high prevalence of girls from both sectors was found, classified as overweight and in the obesity range. Likewise, there are more overweight children in the urban sector than in the rural sector. Presenting similarity in the vertical jump test (Sargent test) where there were no significant differences when correlating between sex and geographic area.

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Hernández-Pérez, Margarita, Rosa M. Rabanal Gallego, and Mª José González Carlos. "Sex difference in liver-oil concentration in the deep-sea shark, Centroscymnus coelolepis." Marine and Freshwater Research 53, no. 5 (2002): 883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01035.

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Percentages of liver oil, squalene in oil and squalene in liver from fifty-seven individuals of Centroscymnus coelolepis, a deep-sea shark from the North African Atlantic Ocean near Tenerife (Canary Island), were measured. The percentages were in the range of 46.9–93.9 for liver oil, 35.5–62.2 for squalene in oil and 21.5–48.5 for squalene in liver. The liver-oil and squalene contents were related to the sex, maturity, size and catch depth of the sharks. Sex had a clear influence on the concentration of squalene levels found. Samples separated into two groups, according to their sex, when principal component analysis (PCA) was applied. Centroscymnus coelolepis males have greater economic value than females because they are easier to capture and have the highest squalene content.Resumen. Se han medido los porcentajes de aceite y escualeno contenidos en el hígado de 57 tiburones del género Centroscymnus coelolepis, capturados en aguas profundas del Océano Atlántico, cerca de Tenerife (Islas Canarias). Los porcentajes oscilaron entre 46.9 y 83.9 de aceite en hígado; 37.5 y 62.2 de escualeno en aceite y 21.5 y 48.5 de escualeno en hígado. Se ha relacionado el sexo, la madurez, tama�o y profundidad de pesca de los tiburones con el contenido en aceite y escualeno. Los resultados han mostrado que el sexo tiene una clara influencia en la proporción de este último. Cuando se aplicó el análisis de componentes principales (PCA), las muestras se separaron en dos grupos de acuerdo con su sexo.

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Alobaidy, Mohammad A., Abdulrahman S. Alraddadi, and Roger W. Soames. "EVALUATION OF ACROMIAL GEOMETRY IN RELATION TO THE CUFF TEARS ON THIEL-EMBALMED CADAVERS USING 3D MICROSCRIBE DIGITIZER. Evaluación de la geometría acromial en relación a la ruptura del manguito rotador en cadáveres embalsamados según la técnica de Thiel." Revista Argentina de Anatomía Clínica 7, no. 2 (March 28, 2016): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31051/1852.8023.v7.n2.14173.

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Objetivo: El propósito del presente estudio es evaluar la geometría del acromion en relación con las ruptura del manguito de los rotadores. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron 30 pares de escápulas, 20 del sexo femenino y 10 del sexo masculino, con una edad promedio de 82 años (con intervalo de 62 a 101 años). Las escápulas fueron escaneadas y las mediciones se realizaron con un digitalizador Microscribe 3D y el software de rinoceronte. Principales Resultados: La media encontrada para el ángulo de inclinación acromial y la vertiente fueron 38,70 ± 5,91° y 48,87 ± 9,94° respectivamente. La media de los ángulos acromial lateral y acromio-glenoideo fueron 81,13 ± 8,72° y 182,80 ± 12,09°, respectivamente. Las distancias entre el acromial (la extremidad anterior y posterior) y el glenoideo fueron 28,7 ± 3,77 mm y 20,75 ± 4,45 mm, respectivamente. Los ángulos entre el acromion y la glena son más grandes en el lado izquierdo en comparación con el lado derecho, 186.49° y 179,16° (P <0.05). La distancia entre el acromial posterior y el glenoideo mostró una diferencia significativa (P <0,05) entre los sexos (23,13 mm para el sexo femenino y 26,37 mm para el sexo masculino). Conclusión: No hubo diferencias significativas en relación a las roturas del manguito de los rotadores. La comprensión de la geometría del acromion es importante para mejorar las técnicas quirúrgicas en la cirugía del hombro. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate acromion geometry in relation to rotator cuff tears. Materials and Methods: Thirty pairs of scapulae from 20 females and 10 males, average age 82 years (range 62 to 101 years), were scanned and measurements taken using a 3D microscribe digitizer and Rhino software. Main Results: The mean angles of acromion tilt and slope were 38.70± 5.91° and 48.87± 9.94° respectively, while those for lateral acromial and acromial to glenoid were 81.13± 8.72° and 182.80± 12.09°, respectively. The acromial (anterior and posterior tip) to glenoid distances were 28.7 ± 3.77 mm and 20.75 ± 4.45 mm, respectively. Left shoulders also were showed higher angles (P<0.05) of the acromion to glenoid than right, 186.49° and 179.16°. Posterior acromial to glenoid distance showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between females and males, 23.13 mm and 26.37 mm, respectively. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in relation to rotator cuff tears. Understanding the geometry of the acromion will improve surgical intervention in shoulder surgery

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Waiteman, Marina Cabral, Maira Bergamaschi Coura, Cynthia Gobbi, Ronaldo Valdir Briani, Danilo De Oliveira Silva, and Fábio Mícolis De Azevedo. "Comparação do nível de dor femoropatelar, atividade física e qualidade de vida entre adolescentes do sexo feminino e masculino." Scientia Medica 27, no. 1 (March 14, 2017): 25250. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6108.2017.1.25250.

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Aims: To compare the level of pain, physical activity, and quality of life of female and male adolescents with patellofemoral pain.Methods: A total of 46 female adolescents and 46 male adolescents aged 12 to 18 years were recruited from public and private schools in the town of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. To be included in the study, adolescents needed to report knee pain of insidious onset, exacerbated in some activities, and lasting for at least 6 weeks. In addition, adolescents should report worse pain over the previous week of at least 30 mm on the Visual Analog Scale and could not show signs, symptoms or any occurrence of any other knee dysfunction. The participants were requested to mark their self-reported knee pain in the last month on a Visual Analog Scale. The level of physical activity was evaluated by the Baecke Questionnaire of Habitual Physical Activity and the quality of life subscale of the Knee Outcome in Osteoarthritis Survey questionnaire was used to investigate the participants’ quality of life. The independent t-test was used to find differences between the groups regarding the level of physical activity, quality of life, and knee pain.Results: According to the Visual Analog Scale, male adolescents presented a level of knee pain of 5.1±1.4 in the previous month and female adolescents, of 4.4±1.6 (p = 0.029). The physical activity score was 8.8±1.3 for male adolescents and 7.5±1.6 for female ones (p<0.001). The quality of life subscale scores were 77.9±19.0 for adolescent girls and 70.8±13.5 for male adolescents (p=0.042).Conclusions: Among adolescents with patellofemoral pain, males had a higher level of knee pain, higher level of physical activity, and lower quality of life compared to female adolescents.

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Delhez, Julien. "Evolutionary perspectives on human sex differences and their discontents." Evolution, Mind and Behaviour 17, no. 1 (December 2019): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2050.2019.00008.

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Evolutionary explanations of human behavior have produced many new insights, but also much resistance. This essay examines 2 books on sex differences written with very different approaches. Rosemary Hopcroft'sEvolution and Genderargues that men and women can be both equal and different and that average biological differences between the sexes, which are often small, do not threaten the ideal of political equality. In Hopcroft's view, understanding these differences with the help of evolutionary theory is aconditionfor the realization of equality, not an obstacle. Saini'sInferiordepicts an opposition between an ‘old science’, portraying sex differences as immense, and a ‘new science’, with most sex differences being so small that they cannot possibly account for social trends. WhileEvolution and Gendergives a concise and representative view of current evolutionary research on sex differences,Inferiorclaims that obsessions pervade entire research areas.Evolution and Genderhas a careful tone, whileInferioroften emphasizes the allegedly ‘controversial’ nature of studies. The essay ends with reflections on how to best communicate the results of evolutionary psychology to the public.

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Jensen, Gregory C., and Michael S. Egnotovich. "A whiter shade of male: Color background matching as a function of size and sex in the yellow shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis (Dana, 1851)." Current Zoology 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.729.

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Abstract Juveniles of the shore crab Hemigrapsus oregonensis are highly variable in color, ranging from the typical yellowishgreen of adults to pure white and myriad patterns of white mottling and other disruptive markings, but large individuals with white coloration appear to be very rare. Using image analysis to quantify the relative “whiteness” of beaches, we sampled crabs from nine locations in Washington State that varied widely in their amount of shell fragments and other light-colored material. The total proportion of white individuals in the different locations was strongly correlated to the proportion of white material on the beaches, but there was a striking difference between sexes. Although white specimens of both sexes declined significantly at sizes above 10 mm carapace width, white females generally persisted throughout the entire female size range on lighter-colored beaches while white males larger than 10 mm were virtually absent from all of the sampled populations. Pure white males held on dark backgrounds in captivity remained white, as they lack the dark chromatophores in their hypodermis needed to change color; off-white males became darker and in some cases lightened up again when transferred back to a white background. Behavioral differences between the sexes may result in differential mortality of white individuals by visual predators.

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Lucon-Xiccato, Tyrone, Elia Gatto, and Angelo Bisazza. "Male and female guppies differ in problem-solving abilities." Current Zoology 66, no. 1 (April 19, 2019): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cz/zoz017.

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Abstract In a number of species, males and females have different ecological roles and therefore might be required to solve different problems. Studies on humans have suggested that the 2 sexes often show different efficiencies in problem-solving tasks; similarly, evidence of sex differences has been found in 2 other mammalian species. Here, we assessed whether a teleost fish species, the guppy, Poecilia reticulata, displays sex differences in the ability to solve problems. In Experiment 1, guppies had to learn to dislodge a disc that occluded a feeder from which they had been previously accustomed to feed. In Experiment 2, guppies had to solve a version of the detour task that required them to learn to enter a transparent cylinder from the open sides to reach a food reward previously freely available. We found evidence of sex differences in both problem-solving tasks. In Experiment 1, females clearly outperformed males, and in Experiment 2, guppies showed a reversed but smaller sex difference. This study indicates that sex differences may play an important role in fish’s problem-solving similar to what has previously been observed in some mammalian species.

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Leal, Carla Bianca De Matos, Alana Oliveira Porto, Márcia Sabrina Silva Ribeiro, Kamila Do Nascimento Oliveira, Dieslley Amorim De Souza, and Marcela De Andrade Rios. "Aspectos associados à qualidade de vida das profissionais do sexo." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 13, no. 3 (March 16, 2019): 560. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v13i3a236608p560-568-2019.

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RESUMOObjetivo: analisar os aspectos sociodemográficos e laborais associados à qualidade de vida das profissionais do sexo. Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo, exploratório, censitário, de corte transversal. Utilizou-se formulário semi estruturado e se analisou os dados pelo software SPSS versão 21.0. Apresentou-se as variáveis por meio de frequências relativas e absolutas, diferenças foram comparadas pelo teste exato de Fisher, adotando-se nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05) para todas as análises. Resultados: verificou-se associação entre a qualidade de vida e as variáveis de condição afetiva (p=0,027) e religião (p=0,013). O domínio do meio ambiente destacou-se entre os demais por apresentar a menor média 43,3125. Conclusão: identificou-se que os aspectos sociodemográficos e laborais interferem diretamente na qualidade de vida das profissionais, pois, estão em situações de grande vulnerabilidade, além do estigma da sociedade e poder público. Observa-se a necessidade de ampliação das discursões referentes à qualidade de vida, para que façam valer seus direitos conforme regido pela Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho. Descritores: Profissionais do Sexo; Saúde da Mulher; Qualidade de Vida; Prostituição; Vulnerabilidade em Saúde; Enfermagem e Saúde Pública.ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the sociodemographic and labor aspects related to the quality of life of sex workers. Method: this is a quantitative, descriptive, exploratory, census study, with cross-sectional cut. A semi-structured form was used and the data was analyzed by SPSS software version 21.0. The variables were presented by means of relative and absolute frequencies, differences were compared by Fisher's exact test, adopting a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) for all analyses. Results: there was a significant association between quality of life and the variables of affective condition (p=0.027) and religion (p=0.013). The environment domain stood out among the others by presenting the lowest average 43.3125. Conclusion: sociodemographic and labor aspects directly affect the professionals’ quality of life, because they are in situations of great vulnerability, in addition to the stigma of society and public powers. There is a need for expanding discussions relating to quality of life, to assert their rights as governed by the Consolidation of Labor Laws. Descritores: Sex Workers; Women's Health; Quality of life; Prostitution; Health Vulnerability; Nursing and Public Health.RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los aspectos sociodemográficos y laborales asociados con la calidad de vida de las trabajadoras del sexo. Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio, censitário, de corte transversal. Se usó un formulario semi-estructurado y los datos fueron analizados mediante el software SPSS versión 21.0. Las variables fueron presentadas por medio de frecuencias relativas y absolutas, se compararon las diferencias mediante la Prueba Exacta de Fisher, adoptando un nivel de significancia del 5% (p<0,05) para todos los análisis. Resultados: existe una asociación significativa entre la calidad de vida y las variables de estado afectivo (p=0,027) y religión (p=0,013). El campo del medio ambiente se destacó entre los demás por presentar el menor promedio de 43.3125. Conclusión: se detectó que los aspectos sociodemográficos y laborales interfieren directamente en la calidad de vida de las profesionales, porque se encuentran en situaciones de gran vulnerabilidad, así como el estigma de la sociedad y los poderes públicos. Hay una necesidad de expansión de discusiones referentes a la calidad de vida, para hacer valer sus derechos como regido por la Consolidación de las Leyes Laborales. Descritores: Profesionales del Sexo; Salud de la Mujer; Calidad de vida; Prostitución; Vulnerabilidad en Salud; Enfermería y Salud Pública.

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Gómez-Núñez, Mª Isabel, M. P. Aparicio-Flores, María Vicent, David Aparisi-Sierra, Aitana Fernández-Sogorb, and Cándido J. Inglés. "DIFERENCIAS EN ANSIEDAD ESCOLAR EN FUNCIÓN DEL SEXO Y DEL CURSO ACADÉMICO EN EDUCACIÓN PRIMARIA." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 3, no. 1 (November 4, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2017.n1.v3.974.

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Abstract.DIFFERENCES IN SCHOOL ANXIETY ACCORDING TO SEX AND ACADEMIC YEAR IN PRIMARY EDUCATIONSchool anxiety is defined as combination of cognitive, psychophysiological and behavioral responses that a person shows in situations assessed as threatening, dangerous or ambiguous, although they were not objectively (Garcia-Fernández, Inglés, Martínez-Monteagudo, & Redondo, 2008). The important short and long-term negative consequences, which can be caused by the continued manifestation of this emotion, increase the importance of its study. Thus, the main purpose of this research was to determine the differences in school anxiety according to sex and the academic year in a sample of Primary Education students. For this purpose, a sample of 758 students in 3º, 4º, 5º and 6º grades of Primary Education with ages ranging from 8 to 11 (M = 9.68, SD = 1.23) was taken on. Participants completed the new School Anxiety Inventory for Primary Education (Gómez-Núñez, García-Fernández, & Inglés, 2015). The results of the analysis of variance intersubjectives (ANOVA) indicated that girls showed significantly higher levels of school anxiety compared to boys. These levels of school anxiety increased from third to sixth grade, with the highest levels in the last year of the stage. The post-hoc analyzes (Scheffee test) showed statistically significant differences between third and fifth year, as well as between third and sixth year, with the highest means in last years. These findings show the importance of assessing school anxiety in late childhood, taking into account the differences that exist according to sex and the academic year.Keywords: School Anxiety, childhood, Primary Education, sex, academic year, differences.Resumen.Resumen.La ansiedad escolar se define como un conjunto de respuestas cognitivas, psicofisiológicas y motoras que un individuo emite ante situaciones evaluadas como amenazantes, peligrosas o ambiguas, aunque objetivamente no lo sean. Las importantes consecuencias negativas a corto y largo plazo, que puede provocar la manifestación continuada de esta emoción, aumentan la importancia de su estudio. Así, el propósito principal de esta investigación fue determinar las diferencias en ansiedad escolar según el sexo y el curso académico en una muestra de estudiantes de Educación Primaria. Para ello, se reclutó una muestra de 758 estudiantes de 3º, 4º, 5º y 6º de Educación Primaria con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 11 años (M = 9.68, DT = 1.23). Los participantes completaron el nuevo Inventario de Ansiedad Escolar para Educación Primaria. Los resultados de los análisis de varianza (ANOVA) intersujetos indicaban que las niñas mostraban niveles significativamente superiores de ansiedad escolar en comparación con los niños. Estos niveles de ansiedad escolar aumentaban desde tercero hasta sexto curso, obteniendo los niveles más altos en el último curso de la etapa. Los análisis post-hoc (Prueba de Scheffee) mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre tercero y quinto curso, así como entre tercero y sexto curso, siendo siempre superiores las medias de los cursos más altos. Estos hallazgos muestran la importan cia de evaluar la ansiedad escolar en la infancia tardía, teniendo en cuenta las diferencias existentes según el sexo y el curso académico.Palabras clave: Ansiedad escolar, infancia, Educación Primaria, sexo, curso académico, diferencias.

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Díaz-Martín, José Joaquín, Eduardo J. Fernández-Ozcorta, Pablo Floría, and Jordan Santos-Concejero. "Análisis de la velocidad adoptada en corredores de Maratón (Analysis of the pacing strategies used by Marathon runners)." Retos, no. 35 (September 18, 2018): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i35.63432.

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El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la influencia del nivel de rendimiento y sexo sobre los ritmos de carrera adoptados por atletas en tres maratones con perfiles muy parecidos en cuanto a recorrido y condiciones ambientales. Se analizaron 14420 atletas, 13387 hombres y 1034 mujeres. Los resultados indicaron que existían diferencias entre sexos en todos los tramos. Asimismo, hubo diferencias entre grupos con diferentes niveles de rendimiento, tanto en hombres como en mujeres. También se encontraron diferencias en las velocidades de cada tramo entre los diferentes ritmos empleadas en ambos sexos (54% hombres y 50% mujeres), siendo las mayores diferencias encontradas entre el primer y último tramo. Por lo general, el ritmo más utilizado durante la competición es aquel en que el atleta ralentiza su velocidad en el transcurso de los 42km. Este estudio ha demostrado que independientemente del sexo y el rendimiento, los atletas adoptan en su gran mayoría un ritmo positivo para completar un maratón. Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of gender and athletic status on race pacing strategies used by runners in three marathons with similar profiles in terms of itinerary and environmental conditions. A total of 14420 athletes were analyzed, 13387 men and 1034 women. The results indicated that there were pacing differences between men and women in all sections. Furthermore, differences between groups of different athletic status in both men and women were observed. The biggest differences were found in the first and the final section. In general, the pacing strategy that athletes used the most (54% in men and 50% in women) was positive. This study shows that regardless of gender and performance level, the majority of athletes adopt a positive pacing strategy to complete a marathon.

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Bradley, Russell W., Laura A. McFarlane Tranquilla, Brett A. Vanderkist, and Fred Cooke. "Sex Differences in Nest Visitation by Chick-Rearing Marbled Murrelets." Condor 104, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.1.178.

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Abstract We report a significant male bias in dawn and dusk nest visitations of breeding, radio-marked Marbled Murrelets (Brachyramphus marmoratus) during the chick rearing period in Desolation Sound, British Columbia, Canada, from 1998–2000. Overall visitation rates of males during chick rearing were 1.3 times greater than those of females. Dusk visitation rates by males with active nests were 1.8 times greater than those of females. Male visitation rates were similar between early and late chick rearing, both within and among individuals. However, female visitation rates during late chick rearing were significantly lower than female rates early in rearing, both within and between individuals. In addition, between-sex comparisons of nest visitation during early and late chick rearing showed significant reductions in female effort relative to males, only during late chick rearing. These results suggest that male birds may provision chicks more often than females, especially during the last half of chick rearing. These findings offer a behavioral explanation for the annual male bias of birds flying inland during the chick rearing period at Theodosia Inlet in Desolation Sound from 1994–1999. Although female-biased provisioning has been documented in several species, male-biased provisioning has not been widely reported in other alcids. Diferencias de Sexo en la las Visitas al Nido en Brachyramphus marmoratus durante la Crianza de Pichones Resumen. Presentamos evidencia sobre un sesgo hacia los machos en las visitas a nidos efectuadas al amanecer y el crepúsculo durante la crianza de pichones, en individuos marcados con radios en Desolation Sound, Columbia Británica, Canadá, entre 1998–2000. La tasa de visitas de los machos fue 1.3 veces mayor que la de las hembras. La tasa de visitas de los machos al crepúsculo con nidos activos fue 1.8 veces mayor que las hembras. La tasa de visitas de los machos fue constante a través del período de crianza, tanto para un mismo individuo como entre individuos. Sin embargo, la tasa de visitas de las hembras fue significativamente menor al final que al inicio de la crianza, tanto para un mismo individuo como entre individuos. Además, la tasa de visitas de las hembras fue menor que la de los machos al final de la crianza. Estos resultados sugieren que los machos abastecen a los pichones en mayor medida que las hembras, especialmente en la última parte de la crianza. Asimismo, los resultados ofrecen una explicación conductual para la dominancia anual de machos volando tierra adentro durante la crianza en Theodosia Inlet, Desolation Sound, entre 1994–1999. En pocas ocasiones se ha descripto abastecimiento paternal en los álcidos, donde principalmente las hembras se encargan del abastecimiento.

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Arboix-Alió, Jordi, Bernat Buscà, Joan Aguilera-Castells, Guillem Trabal Taña, and María-José Sánchez-Lopez. "Comparison of home advantage in men’s and women’s Portuguese roller hockey league." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 20, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/cpd.363041.

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El propósito de este estudio fue cuantificar la ventaja de jugar en casa en las ligas de hockey sobre patines masculina y femenina de la Primera división profesional portuguesa, comparando los resultados obtenidos según el sexo de los participantes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 2.080 partidos de hockey sobre patines (n = 1.632 en la Primera división masculina y n = 448 en la Primera división femenina) entre las temporadas 2009-2010 y 2016-17. Los goles marcados y recibidos también fueron analizados según la localización del partido. Los resultados mostraron la existencia de la ventaja de jugar en casa tanto en la liga masculina como femenina. Los valores de la ventaja de jugar en casa fueron superiores al 50% en ambas ligas, con valores significativamente más altos en la liga masculina (60,88% comparado con 54,33%). Además, los resultados indicaron que los equipos anotan un mayor porcentaje de goles cuando juegan en casa sin encontrar diferencias significativas entre los sexos. En cuanto al número de goles marcados por partido, los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa entre las divisiones masculinas y femeninas, con valores más altos para las ligas masculinas. Los resultados en relación con el sexo de los participantes están en consonancia con estudios previos realizados en otros deportes colectivos como fútbol o waterpolo. El análisis de la ventaja de jugar en casa podría ser útil para ayudar a los entrenadores de hockey sobre patines a decidir las alineaciones y a planificar las cargas de entrenamiento según la localización del partido. The purpose of this study was to quantify the home advantage in both men’s and women’s Portuguese professional division roller hockey leagues comparing the results obtained according to the sex of participants. The sample was composed of 2,080 roller hockey games (n = 1,632 in First men’s division; and n = 448 in First women’s division) between the 2009-2010 and 2016-17 seasons. Goals scored and received were also analysed when teams play at home. The results showed the existence of home advantage in both men’s and women’s leagues. Home advantage values were higher than 50% in both leagues, with significantly higher values in the male league (60.88% compared to 54.33%). Moreover, the results indicated that teams score a higher percentage of goals when playing at home with non-significant differences between sexes. Regarding to the number of goals scored per match, the results showed a significant difference between the male and female divisions, with higher values for men’s leagues. The results in relation to sex of participants are consistent with previous studies in other sports like football or water polo. The analysis of the home advantage could be useful to help roller hockey coaches to design alignments for each match and to plan the training loads according the match localization. O propósito desse estudo foi quantificar a vantagem de jogar em casa nas ligas masculina e feminina de hóquei sobre patins da Primeira divisão profissional portuguesa, comparando os resultados obtidos dependendo do sexo dos participantes. A amostra foi composta por 2088 partidas de hóquei sobre patins (n= 1.632 na Primeira divisão masculina e n= 448 na Primeira divisão feminina) entre as temporadas 2009-2010 e 2016-17. Os goles marcados e recebidos também foram analisados conforme a localização do partido. Os resultados mostram a existência de vantagem de jogar em casa tanto na liga masculina como na feminina. Os valores da vantagem de jogar em casa são superiores ao 50% em ambas ligas, com valores significativamente maiores na liga masculina (60,88% comparado com os 54,33% da feminina). Por além disso, os resultados indicam que as equipas anotam uma maior percentagem de golos quando jogam em casa, sem encontrar diferenças significativas entre ambos sexos. Em quanto ao número de goles marcados por jogo, os resultados mostram uma diferença significativa entre as divisões masculina e feminina, com valores mais altos na liga masculina. Os resultados em relação ao sexo dos participantes estão em consonância com estudos prévios realizados noutros desportos coletivos como o futebol ou o pólo aquático. A análise da vantagem de jogar em casa poderia ser útil para ajudar aos técnicos de hóquei sobre patins no momento de decidir as alienações e de planificar as cargas dos treinamentos dependendo da localização do jogo.

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Christian, Mildred S. "Introduction/Overview: Gender-Based Differences in Pharmacologic and Toxicologic Responses." International Journal of Toxicology 20, no. 3 (May 2001): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/109158101317097719.

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Gender may be the most important factor in mammalian development and response to exogenous agents. From believing sex-related differences required sheltering women to protect their reproductive capacity (Victorians thought exercise, education, train travel, and certain music neuro-and reprotoxic to females) to legislating a status of essential equality of the sexes may have increased women's health issues. Men and women often respond differently to drugs. Inclusion of women in phase I/II clinical trials is insufficient to identify gender-based differences in response; rather, animal models should be the basis for predicting gender-based differences in pharmacologic and toxicologic effects. Unfortunately, current animal models do not consistently demonstrate such differences. Use of commonly used species (e.g., rats and dogs) does not necessarily result in relevant evaluation of an agent in a species at appropriate development (age), physiological state, anatomy, metabolism, or kinetics for estimation of human risks. The need to test agents in relevant animal models and advances in metabolic, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic capabilities challenge us to improve methods by using the most relevant models for estimating human risk. We need to be concerned about gender-related differences and the dynamics of gender-based growth and development over the entire life cycle. We must also consider potential interactions of dietary supplements and other exogenous agents that can act as drugs or modulate the potential effects of drugs differently in men, women, and developing children of both sexes. To this end, the health benefits of genistein and the effects of this dietary agent in a multigeneration study in rats will be described. It is envisioned that this symposium will assist in re-recognition of the importance of gender-related differences in use and response to Pharmaceuticals and result in optimization of nonclinical testing procedures to identify benefits and risks for human use of these agents.

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Ugalde Lujambio, Leire, and María Concepción Medrano Samaniego. "VALORES PERCIBIDOS EN LA TELEVISIÓN POR ADOLECENTES DE DIFERENTES CONTEXTOS CULTURALES." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 3, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v3.509.

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Abstract:According to data published in prior research projects, television is emerging as a socializing influence which mediates with family and school in the transmission of values during the socialization of young people. However, there is as yet no consensus regarding what kind of values are actually transmitted and whether or not they coincide with the values that other first-order socializing influences (family and school) aim to transmit to young people. In order to provide information that may help generate knowledge regarding this study aim, this paper seeks to explore the similarities and differences observed in the way that 565 adolescents from Guadalajara (Mexico), Dublin (Ireland), Donostia/San Sebastián and Malaga (Spain) perceive values in the characters from their favorite television shows. Participants were all secondary school students aged between 14 and 19, and the instrument used to record the values perceived in the characters from their favorite television shows was the Value Domain Scale (VAL-TV 0.2). Results were compared in accordance with city and sex. The findings indicate that there are more similarities than differences in the values perceived by adolescents of both sexes from different cities. Nevertheless, one of the cities studied, Dublin, was found to differ more notably from the others; and in relation to sex, adolescent girls from all cities scored higher than boys in the values studied. Finally, the ranking of perceived values was the same for all cities and both sexes, with those referring to openness to change (independence of action and thought) scoring highest in both cases. This was followed by self-transcendence (collective wellbeing), self-promotion (one own interests) and, finally, conservatism (safety and order).Keywords: values, adolescents, television.Resumen:La televisión, de acuerdo a los datos disponibles de investigaciones previas, se erige como un agente socializador que media con la familia y la escuela a la hora de trasmitir valores en el proceso socializador de nuestros jóvenes. Sin embargo, no existe consenso a la hora de asegurar qué tipo de valores son los que trasmite y si éstos, coinciden o no con los valores que los otros agentes socializadores de primer orden (familia y escuela) objeto de estudio, el presente trabajo se ha planteado conocer las diferencias y semejanzas presentadas en la percepción de valores en el personaje de su programa favorito de 566 adolescentes de Guadalajara (México), Dublín (Irlanda), Donostia/San Sebastián y Málaga (España). Para ello, se ha utilizado la Escala de Dominios de Valores (VAL-TV 0.2), recogiendo los valores percibidos en el personaje de los programas favoritos de estudiantes de secundaria de edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 19 años. Además, se han realizado comparaciones en relación a la ciudad y el sexo de los participantes. Los resultados indican que existen más semejanzas que diferencias en los valores percibidos por los adolescentes de diversas ciudades y distinto sexo. Sin embargo, entre las ciudades estudiadas es Dublín, la que en mayor medida se diferencia de las demás y en lo que al factor sexo se refiere, son las mujeres en todos los casos, las que obtienen puntuaciones más altas que los hombres en los valores estudiados. Por último, el ranking de valores percibidos ha sido el mismo por ciudades como por sexos, presentándose en ambos casos con mayor puntuación los valores referidos a la apertura al cambio (independencia de acciones y pensamientos), seguidos de la autotrascendencia (bienestar colectivo), la autopromoción (intereses propios) y en último lugar el conservadurismo (seguridad y orden).Palabras clave: valores, adolescentes, televisión.

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Herrera Ramírez, Mª Inmaculada, Francisco Herrera Clavero, and Mª Inmaculada Ramírez Salguero. "¿Qué ocurre entre el autoconcepto y el rendimiento académico, en un contexto pluricultural?" REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía 18, no. 2 (January 28, 2014): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/reop.vol.18.num.2.2007.11312.

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RESUMENEste trabajo pretende describir y explicar los diferentes tipos (dimensiones), niveles y relaciones del autoconcepto y el rendimiento académico del alumnado en un contexto educativo pluricultural, como base para poder diseñar, desarrollar y evaluar la intervención más adecuada.Los análisis llevados a cabo han permitido constatar diferencias estadísticamente significativas en diversas dimensiones del autoconcepto y el rendimiento, por curso, cultura y sexo; destacando particularmente la desventaja del alumnado musulmán.Asimismo, se han podido observar correlaciones moderadas entre las variables estudiadas y, además, el poder de predicción del autoconcepto sobre el rendimiento, en sus distintas dimensiones.ABSTRACTThis work tries to describe and to explain the different types (dimensions), levels and relations of self-concept and academic achievement of pupils in a pluricultural educational context, as a basis to be able to design, develop and evaluate the most suitable intervention.The analyses carried out have allowed to state statistically significant differences in diverse dimensions of self-concept and academic achievement, by course, culture and gender; particularly emphasizing the disadvantage of the Muslim pupils.Also, it has been possible to observe moderate correlations between the studied variables and, in addition, the power of prediction of self-concept on academic achievement, in its different dimensions.

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Manzoor, Asma, and Naheed Abrar. "The Difference Between Female And Male Leadership." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 5, no. 1 (December 8, 2011): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v5i1.387.

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Our society is currently experiencing a period of significant change in the concept of women’s role. This change is reflected in the increasing numbers of women who are planning their lives around careers in the work world. As women gradually enter leadership roles that traditionally were occupied mainly by men, the possibility that the leadership styles of women and men differ continues to attract attention. There are specifically no rules for leadership but there are certain skills that every good leader seems to have. In the battle of the sexes, people often find themselves in discussion on the differences between male and female leadership. Indeed, there are different perspectives on this topic ranging from recognition of no differences in style or ability to clear-cut differences based on gender. This article discusses the differences between male and female leadership styles. Since there are different characteristics between men and women, male leadership is often symbolized by an ego-driven form of direction-giving, while female leadership entails more listening and co-operation.

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Lima, Sônia Maria Rolim Rosa. "Considerações sobre hormônios e sexo / Considerations on hormones and sex." Arquivos Médicos dos Hospitais e da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo 66, no. 1u (May 25, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26432/1809-3019.2021.66.015.

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Os esteroides sexuais, em particular os estrogênios e os androgênios, representam papel fundamental, na modulação da função sexual feminina. As mulheres após a menopausa, devido ao declínio da função ovariana, são dependentes da síntese local de estrogênios nos tecidos alvo extragonadais. Mantendo-se o quadro carêncial ocorre progressivo estreitamento da vagina, e o sintoma genital mais comum é a secura por diminuição da transudação e da quantidade de muco cervical. Esses fenômenos explicam os processos encontrados no período do climatério ou qualquer período em que ocorra a carência estrogênica, característicos da falência hormonal: vaginite atrófica, leucorréia, prurido, dor e sangramento ao coito. Com relação aos androgênios, vários estudos investigaram associações entre androgênios e função sexual em mulheres. Muitos, mas não todos, identificam uma relação entre o desejo sexual e as concentrações séricas de androgênios circulantes. A variabilidade nos resultados provavelmente reflete as limitações em aferir com precisão suas baixas concentrações, o impacto potencial de outros esteroides, as diferenças no desenho do estudo, na seleção das participantes e nos parâmetros de função sexual. Neste artigo, revisamos o conhecimento atual sobre o papel dos estrogênios e androgênios e seu uso clínico em mulheres com declínio da função ovariana.Palavras chave: Hormônios sexuais, Esteroides, Androgênios, Pós-Menopausa, Disfunções sexuais fisiológicasABSTRACTSex steroids, in particular estrogens and androgens, play a fundamental role in the modulation of female sexual function. Postmenopausal women, due to the decline in ovarian function, are dependent on the local synthesis of estrogens in extragonadal target tissues. If the deficiency is maintained, progressive narrowing of the vagina occurs, and the most common genital symptom is dryness due to decreased transudation and the amount of cervical mucus. These phenomena explain the processes found during the climacteric period or any period in which estrogen deficiency occurs, which are characteristic of hormonal failure: atrophic vaginitis, leukorrhea, itching, pain and bleeding on intercourse. With regard to androgens, several studies have investigated associations between androgens and sexual function in women. Many, but not all, identify a relationship between sexual desire and serum concentrations of circulating androgens. The variability in the results probably reflects the limitations in accurately measuring the low concentrations of androgens in women, the potential impact of other steroids, the differences in the study design, in the selection of participants and in the parameters of sexual function. In this article, we review current knowledge about the role of estrogens and androgens and their clinical use in women with declining ovarian function.Keywords: Sex hormones, Steroids, Androgens, Postmenopause, Physiological sexual dysfunctions

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Julio, Hilbert Silva, Roberto Tauil Paladino, Andreia Beatriz Machado, Lucas Prado Siqueira, Lucas Reis Hausen, Matheus Reis Hausen, Marcus Paulo Araujo, and Jonas Lirio Gurgel. "Relação da atividade física e percentual de gordura de escolares." Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2018): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.5205/1981-8963-v12i2a24104p481-488-2018.

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RESUMOObjetivo: identificar o Nível de Atividade Física e Percentual de Gordura Corporal de escolares. Método: estudo quantitativo, transversal, por amostragem composta de 640 escolares (Idade: 10±1 anos; Massa Corporal, 37,25±13,90kg; Estatura, 1,45±0,08m; IMC, 17,50±5,04kg/m²). O NAF por meio PAQ-C, %GC pelo método de dobras cutâneas e o IMC. Resultados: há diferenças significativas (p < 0,01, d = 0,37) no escore do PAQ-C entre os sexos, com superioridade nos valores masculinos; foram encontradas diferenças significativas na distribuição dos níveis de atividade física divididos pelo sexo (p < 0,0001, d = 6,7) e na distribuição do %CG pelo sexo (p < 0,0001, d=0,28). Conclusão: foram identificados índices de obesidade dentre os escolares (43% e 53,10%, populações feminina e masculina, respectivamente) ao mesmo tempo em que essa população apresenta que é ativa ou moderadamente ativa fisicamente (67,07% e 67,56%, masculino e feminino, respectivamente); contudo, não foi identificada associação entre Nível de Atividade Física e Percentual de Gordura Corporal. Estes resultados corroboram os achados gerais da literatura que demonstram que o NAF não é fator determinante para o valor Percentual de Gordura Corporal. Descritores: Escolares; Obesidade Infantil; Promoção da Saúde; Saúde Pública; Educação Física e Treinamento; Educação em Saúde.ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the level of Physical Activity and Percentage of Body Fat of schoolchildren. Method: cross-sectional quantitative study of 640 schoolchildren (Age: 10 ± 1 years; Body Mass, 37.25 ± 13.90 kg; Stature, 1.45 ± 0.08 m; BMI, 17.50 ± 5.04 kg / m²). The NAF by PAQ-C,% GC by the skinfold method and the BMI. Results: there were significant differences (p <0.01, d = 0.37) in the PAQ-C score between the sexes, with superiority in the male values; (p <0.0001, d = 6.7) and in the CG distribution by gender (p <0.0001, d = 0.28). Conclusion: obesity rates among schoolchildren (43% and 53.10%, female and male, respectively) were identified at the same time as this population shows that they are active or moderately physically active (67.07% and 67.56 %, male and female, respectively); however, no association was identified between Physical Activity Level and Body Fat Percentage. These results corroborate the general findings of the literature that demonstrate that PAL is not a determinant factor for the Percentage of Body Fat. Decriptors: School Children; Obesity; Health Promotion; Public Health; Physical Education and Training; Health Education.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar el Nivel de Actividad Física y Porcentaje de Grasa Corporal de escolares. Método: estudio cuantitativo transversal, por muestreo compuesto de 640 escolares (Edad: 10 ± 1 años; Masa Corporal, 37,25 ± 13,90kg; Estatura, 1,45 ± 0,08m; IMC, 17,50 ± 5,04kg / m²). El NAF por PAQ-C,% GC por el método de pliegues cutáneos y el IMC. Resultados: hay diferencias significativas (p <0,01, d = 0,37) en la puntuación del PAQ-C entre los sexos, con superioridad en los valores masculinos; se encontraron diferencias significativas en la distribución de los niveles de actividad física divididos por el sexo (p <0,0001, d = 6,7) y en la distribución del %CG por el sexo (p <0,0001, d = 0,28). Conclusión: se identificaron índices de obesidad entre los escolares (43% y 53,10%, poblaciones femenina y masculina, respectivamente) al mismo tiempo que esa población presenta que es activa o moderadamente activa físicamente (67,07% y 67,56% masculino y femenino respectivamente); sin embargo, no se identificó, asociación entre Nivel de Actividad Física y Porcentaje de Grasa Corporal. Estos resultados corroboran los hallazgos generales de la literatura que demuestran que el NAF no es factor determinante para los valores Porcentaje de Grasa Corporal. Descriptores: Escolares; Obesidad Infantil; Promoción de la Salud, Salud Pública; Educación y Entrenamiento Físico; Educación en Salud.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Differences entre sexe'

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