Relevant bibliographies by topics / Different breeding systems and stages

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
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Academic literature on the topic 'Different breeding systems and stages'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Different breeding systems and stages"

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Monteschio, Jéssica de Oliveira, Poliana Campos Burin, Ariadne Patricia Leonardo, et al. "Different physiological stages and breeding systems related to the variability of meat quality of indigenous Pantaneiro sheep." PLOS ONE 13, no. 2 (2018): e0191668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191668.

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Munawar, Nadeem, Iftikhar Hussain, and Tariq Mahmood. "EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FOOD BAITS BY USING TRAPS FOR THE CONTROL OF LESSER BANDICOOT RAT (BANDICOTA BENGALENSIS) IN FIELD CROPS OF POTHWAR PLATEAU, PAKISTAN." World Journal of Biology and Biotechnology 4, no. 2 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33865/wjb.004.02.0216.

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The lesser bandicoot rat (Bandicota bengalensis) is a widely distributed and serious agricultural pest in Pakistan. It has wide adaptation with rice-wheat-sugarcane cropping systems of Punjab, Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces and wheat-groundnut cropping system of the Pothwar area, thus inflicting heavy losses to these crops. Comparative efficacies of four food baits (onion, guava, potato and peanut butter smeared bread/Chapatti) were tested in multiple feeding tests for snap/kill trapping of this rodent species in the Pothwar Plateau between October 2013 to July 2014 at the sowing, tillering, flowering and maturity stages of wheat, groundnut and millet crops. The results revealed that guava was the most preferred bait for the rat species as compared to the other three. Among relative efficacies of all four tested baits: guava scoring the highest trapping success (16.94 ± 1.42 percent), followed by peanut butter, potato and onion (10.52 ± 1.30, 7.82 ± 1.21 and 4.5 ± 1.10 percent) respectively. Crop stage/season-wise highest trapping success was achieved at maturity stages of the crop. Moreover, the maturity stage of wheat crop coincided with spring breeding season and maturity stages of millet and groundnut matched with monsoon/autumn breeding peak of the lesser bandicoot rat in the Pothwar area. Preferred order among four baits tested was guava > peanut butter > potato > onion.
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Fernández-Gómez, José, Behzad Talle, and Zoe A. Wilson. "Increased expression of the MALE STERILITY1 transcription factor gene results in temperature-sensitive male sterility in barley." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 20 (2020): 6328–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa382.

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Abstract Understanding the control of fertility is critical for crop yield and breeding; this is particularly important for hybrid breeding to capitalize upon the resultant hybrid vigour. Different hybrid breeding systems have been adopted; however, these are challenging and crop specific. Mutants with environmentally reversible fertility offer valuable opportunities for hybrid breeding. The barley HvMS1 gene encodes a PHD-finger transcription factor that is expressed in the anther tapetum, which is essential for pollen development and causes complete male sterility when overexpressed in barley. This male sterility is due at least in part to indehiscent anthers resulting from incomplete tapetum degeneration, failure of anther opening, and sticky pollen under normal growth conditions (15 °C). However, dehiscence and fertility are restored when plants are grown at temperatures >20 °C, or when transferred to >20 °C during flowering prior to pollen mitosis I, with transfer at later stages unable to rescue fertility in vivo. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of thermosensitive male sterility in barley. This offers opportunities to understand the impact of temperature on pollen development and potential applications for environmentally switchable hybrid breeding systems; it also provides a ‘female’ male-sterile breeding tool that does not need emasculation to facilitate backcrossing.
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Avdikos, Ilias D., Rafail Tagiakas, Ioannis Mylonas, Ioannis N. Xynias, and Athanasios G. Mavromatis. "Assessment of Tomato Recombinant Lines in Conventional and Organic Farming Systems for Productivity and Fruit Quality Traits." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010129.

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It is estimated that more than 95% of organic agriculture is based on crop cultivars that were bred for the conventional high-input sector. Most selections were made through conventional breeding programs and lack important traits required under organic and low-input conditions. Hybrids are the most common type of cultivars used in tomato because of heterosis. In tomato, continuous selfing enabled homozygosity to exploit favorable additive genes, resulting in the so-called inbred vigor. This paper presented the possibility to express inbred vigor at a level equal to or greater than hybrid vigor in tomato when cultivated under organic low input conditions. The evaluation of the recombinant lines produced through classical reverse breeding from four F1 single cross hybrids was done at low- and high-input farming systems. The results show that, following the appropriate breeding process in early generation selection and under low-input conditions, it is possible to produce recombinant lines, demonstrating inbred vigor in yield potential and fruit quality. These genetic materials can stand as new dynamic cultivars intended for cultivation in organic, low-input, or high-input conditions, depending on their performance in different farming systems at the later stages of evaluation.
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Avdikos, Ilias D., Rafail Tagiakas, Ioannis Mylonas, Ioannis N. Xynias, and Athanasios G. Mavromatis. "Assessment of Tomato Recombinant Lines in Conventional and Organic Farming Systems for Productivity and Fruit Quality Traits." Agronomy 11, no. 1 (2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11010129.

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It is estimated that more than 95% of organic agriculture is based on crop cultivars that were bred for the conventional high-input sector. Most selections were made through conventional breeding programs and lack important traits required under organic and low-input conditions. Hybrids are the most common type of cultivars used in tomato because of heterosis. In tomato, continuous selfing enabled homozygosity to exploit favorable additive genes, resulting in the so-called inbred vigor. This paper presented the possibility to express inbred vigor at a level equal to or greater than hybrid vigor in tomato when cultivated under organic low input conditions. The evaluation of the recombinant lines produced through classical reverse breeding from four F1 single cross hybrids was done at low- and high-input farming systems. The results show that, following the appropriate breeding process in early generation selection and under low-input conditions, it is possible to produce recombinant lines, demonstrating inbred vigor in yield potential and fruit quality. These genetic materials can stand as new dynamic cultivars intended for cultivation in organic, low-input, or high-input conditions, depending on their performance in different farming systems at the later stages of evaluation.
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Stokke, Bård G., Anders Pape Møller, Bernt-Erik Sæther, Goetz Rheinwald, and Hans Gutscher. "Weather in The Breeding Area and During Migration Affects the Demography of a Small Long-Distance Passerine Migrant." Auk 122, no. 2 (2005): 637–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/122.2.637.

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Abstract Migratory birds are subject to the effects of various weather systems during the year. Fluctuations in population size may depend on survivorship of juveniles and adults at various stages of the annual cycle. Severe weather conditions can lower survival, especially in migrating passerines that feed on insects. We investigated the effects of climate and density dependence on survival in a population of Common House-Martins (Delichon urbicum), including variables of weather experienced both in their breeding areas and during autumn migration. Unfavorable weather conditions during autumn migration had a severe negative effect on adult apparent survival, irrespective of sex; whereas temperature in the breeding area and population size explained a significant proportion of variance in juvenile survival. Thus, weather conditions experienced in different areas can regulate various age classes in different ways, which suggests that climate change can have a significant but complex influence on demography in passerine populations.
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Fernandes, Patrícia, Sara Tedesco, Inês Vieira da Silva, Carmen Santos, Helena Machado, and Rita Lourenço Costa. "A New Clonal Propagation Protocol Develops Quality Root Systems in Chestnut." Forests 11, no. 8 (2020): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080826.

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There is, at the present time, a great demand for chestnut rootstocks with improved resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands in the nurseries. New genotypes are emerging from European chestnut breeding programs and the production of thriving plants to restore old orchards with low yields due to a high incidence of diseases, namely root rot, is necessary. Micropropagation is a useful technique for clonal propagation. Nevertheless, in vitro culture propagation is genotype-dependent. Consequently, the existing protocols may demonstrate poor reproducibility and low efficacy. Thus, the need to contribute to the development of new micropropagation protocols suitable for large production of emerging genotypes. As a contribution to fill this gap, a three-step protocol was developed by using new combinations of Murashige & Skoog, Woody Plant, and adapted modified Melin-Norkrans media in different stages of the propagation process. About 90% of shoots were rooted, and after three months of acclimatization, 85% of these plants survived and were capable of continuous growth in the field. Currently, this protocol is being used in the production of several hybrid genotypes (with improved resistance to P. cinnamomi), selected from our ongoing breeding program and also in Castanea sativa Mill. and Castanea crenata Siebold and Zucc. species.
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Jacobs, Jerry D., and John C. Wingfield. "Endocrine Control of Life-Cycle Stages: A Constraint on Response to the Environment?" Condor 102, no. 1 (2000): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.35.

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Abstract Most organisms live in seasonal environments that fluctuate on a predictable schedule and sometimes unpredictably. Individuals must, therefore, adjust so as to maximize their survival and reproductive success over a wide range of environmental conditions. In birds, as in other vertebrates, endocrine secretions regulate morphological, physiological, and behavioral changes in anticipation of future events. The individual thus prepares for predictable fluctuations in its environment by changing life-cycle stages. We have applied finite-state machine theory to define and compare different life-history cycles. The ability of birds to respond to predictable and unpredictable regimes of environmental variation may be constrained by the adaptability of their endocrine control systems. We have applied several theoretical approaches to natural history data of birds to compare the complexity of life cycles, the degree of plasticity of timing of stages within the cycle, and to determine whether endocrine control mechanisms influence the way birds respond to their environments. The interactions of environmental cues on the timing of life-history stages are not uniform in all populations. Taking the reproductive life-history stage as an example, arctic birds that have short breeding seasons in severe environments appear to use one reliable environmental cue to time reproduction and they ignore other factors. Birds having longer breeding seasons exhibit greater plasticity of onset and termination and appear to integrate several environmental cues. Theoretical approaches may allow us to predict how individuals respond to their environment at the proximate level and, conversely, predict how constraints imposed by endocrine control systems may limit the complexity of life cycles.
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Haus, Miranda J., Weijia Wang, Janette L. Jacobs, et al. "Root Crown Response to Fungal Root Rot in Phaseolus vulgaris Middle American × Andean Lines." Plant Disease 104, no. 12 (2020): 3135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-20-0956-re.

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Fusarium root rot (FRR) is a global limiter of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production. In common bean and other legumes, resistance to FRR is related to both root development and root architecture, providing a breeding strategy for FRR resistance. Here, we describe the relationships between root traits and FRR disease symptoms. Using “shovelomics” techniques, a subset of recombinant inbred lines was phenotyped for root architecture traits and disease symptoms across three Michigan fields, including one field with artificially increased Fusarium brasiliense disease pressure. At the early growth stages, stem diameter, basal root number, and distribution of hypocotyl-borne adventitious roots were all significantly related to FRR disease scores. These results demonstrate that root architecture is a component of resistance to FRR in the field at early growth stages (first expanded trifoliate) complementing previous studies that evaluated root traits at later developmental stages (flowering, pod fill, etc.). Correlation matrices of root traits indicate that resistant and susceptible lines have statistically different root systems and show that basal root number is a key feature in resistant root systems while adventitious root distribution is an important feature in susceptible root systems. Based on the results of this study, selection for increased basal root number, increased adventitious root number, and even distribution of adventitious roots in early growth stages (first expanded trifoliate) would positively impact resistance to FRR.
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Ramzan, Faisal, Selina Klees, Armin Otto Schmitt, David Cavero, and Mehmet Gültas. "Identification of Age-Specific and Common Key Regulatory Mechanisms Governing Eggshell Strength in Chicken Using Random Forests." Genes 11, no. 4 (2020): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11040464.

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In today’s chicken egg industry, maintaining the strength of eggshells in longer laying cycles is pivotal for improving the persistency of egg laying. Eggshell development and mineralization underlie a complex regulatory interplay of various proteins and signaling cascades involving multiple organ systems. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms influencing this dynamic trait over time is imperative, yet scarce. To investigate the temporal changes in the signaling cascades, we considered eggshell strength at two different time points during the egg production cycle and studied the genotype–phenotype associations by employing the Random Forests algorithm on chicken genotypic data. For the analysis of corresponding genes, we adopted a well established systems biology approach to delineate gene regulatory pathways and master regulators underlying this important trait. Our results indicate that, while some of the master regulators (Slc22a1 and Sox11) and pathways are common at different laying stages of chicken, others (e.g., Scn11a, St8sia2, or the TGF- β pathway) represent age-specific functions. Overall, our results provide: (i) significant insights into age-specific and common molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of eggshell strength; and (ii) new breeding targets to improve the eggshell quality during the later stages of the chicken production cycle.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Different breeding systems and stages"

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Grosbelli, Andressa Carla. "Análise da produção de biogás em diferentes sistemas e fases de criação de suínos no oeste do Paraná." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2018. http://tede.unioeste.br/handle/tede/3959.

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Submitted by Edineia Teixeira (edineia.teixeira@unioeste.br) on 2018-09-27T14:36:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Andressa_Grosbelli_2018.pdf: 1311256 bytes, checksum: ea09960676f17abb9d174deb55efda93 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T14:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Andressa_Grosbelli_2018.pdf: 1311256 bytes, checksum: ea09960676f17abb9d174deb55efda93 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22
Besides the concern with the exhaustion of energy sources and environmental consequences, it is necessary to know the potential that these sources of energy (swine manure) can present. The present work has had the objective of discussing and analyzing, on the basis of field and laboratory studies, the production of biogas in different breeding types and stages of pigs, being the treatments: two nursery units (T1 and T2), three growth and termination units (T3, T4 and T5) and two piglets production units (T6 and T7). ST and SV analyzes were performed, reducing the organic load of the swine manure used. The biodigestors used were batch type, made of PVC pipes and fed with the waste from different types of pig farming. The HRT was 45 days and significant averages of biogas production, ST and SV removal were found, good volume yield related to SVs removed and added. The T5 treatment presented the best removal of COD (72.3%), being also the one that produced the most biogas during the 45 days (5.3L), nevertheless it presented a low efficiency in the removal of the volatile solids, being necessary a time of HRT higher for better treatment efficiency. On the other hand, the T7 treatment presented the best values of removal efficiency of volatile solids during the study period, with 71.48%
Além da preocupação com o esgotamento das fontes de energias fosséis e com consequências ambientais, hoje, se faz necessário saber o potencial que as fontes alternativas podem apresentar. O presente trabalho teve com objetivo discutir e analisar com base em estudos a campo e em laboratório, a produção de biogás em diferentes sistemas de criação e fases de suínos em: duas unidades de creche (T1 e T2), três unidades de crescimento e terminação (T3, T4 e T5) e duas unidades de produção de leitões (T6 e T7). Foram realizadas análises de ST, SV e DQO. Os biodigestores utilizados foram do tipo batelada, feitos de tubos de PVC e o TRH foi de 45 dias. Foram encontradas médias significativas de produção de biogás, remoção dos ST e SV, bom rendimento de volume relacionado aos SV removidos e adicionados. O tratamento T5 apresentou a melhor remoção de DQO (72,3%), sendo também o que mais produziu biogás ao longo dos 45 dias (5,3L), no entanto apresentou uma baixa eficiência na remoção dos sólidos voláteis, sendo necessário um TRH maior para a melhor eficiência do tratamento. Em contrapartida, o tratamento T7 apresentou os melhores valores de eficiência de remoção de sólidos voláteis durante o período de estudo, com 71,48%.
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Silvola, H. (Hanna). "Management accounting and control systems used by R&D intensive firms in different organizational life-cycle stages." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514283765.

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Abstract This dissertation investigates the use of management accounting and control systems in R&D intensive firms in different organizational life-cycle stages. The thesis consists of four essays focusing on two categories of management accounting and control systems: capital budgeting decisions and management control systems. First, we investigate the evaluation and financing of investment projects in R&D intensive firms. Second, we moreover investigate how R&D intensive firms themselves use management control systems and how investors control their investments in R&D intensive target firms. The survey method within a contingency framework is used in the first three essays while the last essay represents the case study method. However, the dissertation as a whole is based on two main contexts, i.e. the organizational life-cycle and the field of high technology. The results indicate that more sophisticated capital budgeting methods are used in large-sized R&D intensive firms while small-sized firms are not so likely to use these methods. The results indicate that firms understand the nature of R&D investment on the level of strategic management, because they have adopted strategic management tools in order to achieve better financial performance. We conclude that high R&D intensity plays an important role in management accounting, suggesting that large-sized high R&D intensity firms take note of special characteristics of R&D investments when taking strategic capital budgeting decisions. The comparison of the growth and revival stages extends the earlier life-cycle literature indicating that the information produced by management accounting and control systems is at least as important in the revival firm as it is during the first growth stage.
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Park, Sangook. "The Shaping of Niche Formation in Different National Innovation Systems : STI Policies for Strategic Niche Management in the Early Stages of the Hydrogen Energy Transition." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507003.

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Mapiliyao, Luke. "Sheep production practices, flock dynamics, body condition and weight variation in two ecologically different resource-poor communal farming systems." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/340.

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The objective of this study was to determine sheep production practices, constraints, flock dynamics, body condition and weight variation in two ecologically different resource-poor communal farming systems of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Mean sheep flock sizes per household were not significantly different between the two ecologically different areas (villages); Gaga (19.0±3.10) and Sompondo (18.3±3.10). Shortage of feed, disease and parasite were reported the most important constraints across the two villages. In both villages, sheep housing was poorly constructed using acacia brushwoods. Fewer farmers owned rams: the rams to ewes ratio for the two villages were 1:20, 1:19 for Gaga and Sompondo, respectively. The low ram: ewe ratios reported suggest that inbreeding might have been reducing productivity of their flocks. There was also uncontrolled breeding due to undefined and mating seasons. Gall sickness, heart water and footrot caused most of the sheep mortalities. Dohne Merinos were the common genotypes in the two villages. Total entrances for each flock were higher (p < 0.05) in hot-dry season and hot-wet season than in other seasons. Most of the entrances were lambs and were born in hot-dry season (September) and cool-dry season (June) for larger flocks (10.90 ± 3.02) and for small flocks (3.65 ± 3.02). High lamb mortalities were experienced in the post-rainy (April) and hot-wet (December) season. There was a significant interaction between season and flock size. Most of the sales occurred in the hot-wet season. Ecological area had significant effect on sheep production potential (p < 0.05) in both flock classes. The average sheep production efficiency (SPE) value for Gaga and Sompondo were 0.50 ± 0.116 and 0.50 ± 0.096 respectively. The SPE for large flock was higher (p < 0.05) by season and flock size. Large flocks had a higher (p < 0.05) SPE values and the SPE ranged from 1.11 ± 0.193 in April, a post-rainy season month to 1.55 ± 0.193 in December, a hot-wet season month. Lamb mortalities constituted the greater part of outflows. High lamb mortalities occurred in hot-wet (December), hot-dry (September) and post-rainy (April) seasons. There was a significant interaction between season and age of sheep on body weight of sheep. Highest (p < 0.05) body weights were recorded in the post-rainy and autumn season in both lambs and ewes. It is therefore very important to come up with affordable interventions which take into play ecological differences of the areas for improved nutritional status of sheep in communal areas which will lead to improved sheep productivity and the poor-resourced farmer human nutritional and livelihood.
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Books on the topic "Different breeding systems and stages"

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Harnish, Stacy M. Anomia and Anomic Aphasia: Implications for Lexical Processing. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.7.

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Anomia is a term that describes the inability to retrieve a desired word, and is the most common deficit present across different aphasia syndromes. Anomic aphasia is a specific aphasia syndrome characterized by a primary deficit of word retrieval with relatively spared performance in other language domains, such as auditory comprehension and sentence production. Damage to a number of cognitive and motor systems can produce errors in word retrieval tasks, only subsets of which are language deficits. In the cognitive and neuropsychological underpinnings section, we discuss the major processing steps that occur in lexical retrieval and outline how deficits at each of the stages may produce anomia. The neuroanatomical correlates section will include a review of lesion and neuroimaging studies of language processing to examine anomia and anomia recovery in the acute and chronic stages. The assessment section will highlight how discrepancies in performance between tasks contrasting output modes and input modalities may provide insight into the locus of impairment in anomia. Finally, the treatment section will outline some of the rehabilitation techniques for forms of anomia, and take a closer look at the evidence base for different aspects of treatment.
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Bergman, Torbjörn, Hanna Back, and Johan Hellström, eds. Coalition Governance in Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.001.0001.

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Coalition government is the most frequent form of government in Western Europe, but there is relatively little systematic knowledge about how this form of government has developed in recent decades. This volume analyses governments that have formed in the Western European countries since the Second World War and covers the full life cycle of coalition governments from the formation of party alliances before elections to coalition formation after elections, governing and policy-making when parties work together in office, and the stages that eventually lead to governments terminating. Since the early 1990s, many coalition governments form in a context of increased fragmentation of party systems, increased polarization, and the rise of populist parties. The volume captures these changes and examines their implications for the different stages of the coalition life cycle. A particular emphasis of the volume is on the study of how coalitions govern together even when they have different agendas. Do individual ministers decide, or the prime minister, or are the policy outputs of a government a result of a process of coalition compromise? Focusing on the coalition governance stage, we analyse the variation in the use of various control mechanisms across countries, for example showing that many coalition governments draft extensive contracts to control their partners in cabinet. The volume covers 16 West European countries and introduces the case of Croatia. Systematic cross-national data is available in an online appendix.
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Hoste, Eric A. J., John A. Kellum, and Norbert Lameire. Definitions, classification, epidemiology, and risk factors of acute kidney injury. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0220_update_001.

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The lack of a precise biochemical definition of acute kidney injury (AKI) resulted in at least 35 definitions in the medical literature, which gave rise to a wide variation in reported incidence and clinical significance of AKI, impeded a meaningful comparison of studies.The first part of this chapter describes and discusses different definitions and classification systems of AKI. Patient outcome and the need for renal replacement therapy are directly related to the severity of AKI, an observation that supports the use of a categorical staging system rather than a simple binary descriptor. The severity of AKI is commonly characterized using the relative changes in serum creatinine and urine output. Recently introduced staging systems including the RIFLE classification and the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) use these relatively simple and readily available parameters allowing the assignment of individual patients to different AKI stages. More recently, a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) workgroup developed a consensus-based AKI staging system drawing elements of both RIFLE and AKIN. The potential pitfalls and limitations of the proposed definitions and classifications are briefly described.The second part of the chapter describes the epidemiology of AKI in different clinical settings; the intensive care unit (ICU), the hospitalized population, and the community. The different spectrum of AKI in the emerging countries is discussed and the most important causes and aetiologies of the major clinical types of AKI, prerenal, renal, and post-renal are summarized in table form. Finally the patient survival and renal functional outcome of AKI are briefly discussed
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Cummings, Jeffrey, and Kate Zhong. Promise and Challenges in Drug Development and Assessment for Cognitive Enhancers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190214401.003.0001.

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Cognitive disturbances are ubiquitous in neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia, depression, developmental disorders, acquired brain disorders (traumatic brain injury and stroke), and neurodegenerative disorders all have cognitive impairment as a manifestation. Cognitive enhancers can improve intellectual function and have been approved for Alzheimer’s dementia, dementia of Parkinson’s disease, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Cognitive enhancers are being developed for other cognitive disorders. There are many advantages for development of symptomatic cognitive enhancers compared to disease-modifying agents. Cognitive enhancers typically modulate transmitter systems. Cross-disease phenotypes such as executive function impairment may represent a development strategy for cognitive enhancing agents. Life cycle management strategies for cognitive enhancers include expanding indications to disorders with related pathophysiology or to different stages of disease severity and development of alternate formulations. Cognitive enhancers can restore essential cognitive capability and are a critical element of optimal care of patients with neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
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Bhugra, Dinesh, Antonio Ventriglio, and Kamaldeep S. Bhui. Cultures and their roles: An overview. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198723196.003.0001.

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Cultures are an integral part of our being. We are born in cultures, which mould our behaviours, attitudes, and cognitions. Culture is a system of meanings and knowledge, belief systems, and morals as well as laws. Culture is acquired, and people change in response to culture and, in return, individuals change culture. Culture informs our world view and offers symbols with specific meanings, not only for individuals in that particular culture but also for others looking in. Culture needs to be differentiated from race and ethnicity. Furthermore, for migrants there are stages in the process of migration that affect their processes of acculturation, which can result in different types of adjustment in the new country, including assimilation, biculturalism, and deculturation. The response of the new country is also important in welcoming or rejecting migrants whatever their reason for migration. Cultural competence is a part of good clinical practice.
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Cottle, David, and Lewis Kahn, eds. Beef Cattle Production and Trade. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643109896.

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Beef Cattle Production and Trade covers all aspects of the beef industry from paddock to plate. It is an international text with an emphasis on Australian beef production, written by experts in the field. The book begins with an overview of the historical evolution of world beef consumption and introductory chapters on carcass and meat quality, market preparation and world beef production. North America, Brazil, China, South-East Asia and Japan are discussed in separate chapters, followed by Australian beef production, including feed lotting and live export. The remaining chapters summarise R&D, emphasising the Australian experience, and look at different production systems and aspects of animal husbandry such as health, reproduction, grazing, feeding and finishing, genetics and breeding, production efficiency, environmental management and business management. The final chapter examines various case studies in northern and southern Australia, covering feed demand and supply, supplements, pasture management, heifer and weaner management, and management of internal and external parasites.
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Buchanan, John, David Finegold, Ken Mayhew, and Chris Warhurst, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Skills and Training. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199655366.001.0001.

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Skills and workforce development are at the heart of much research on work, employment and management. Equally policy makers and managers throughout the world often cling to skill, believing that better development of them is the answer to a seemingly expanding range of practical and policy challenges. But are they so important? To what extent can they make a difference for individuals, organisations and nations? How are the supply and - more importantly - the utilisation of skill - current evolving? What are the key factors shaping skills trajectories of the future? This Handbook provides an authoritative consideration of issues such these. It does so by drawing on experts in a wide range of disciplines including sociology, economics, labour/industrial relations, human resource management, education and geography. The book’s 32 Chapters are organised around seven sections: I: Concepts and Definitions of SkillII: Skill FormationIII: Skill UtilisationIV: Skill OutcomesV: Differing skill systems – Levels of determinationVI: Differing skill systems – Dynamics at different stages of developmentVII: Current Challenges The Handbook is relevant for all with an interest in the changing nature, and future, of work, employment and management. It draws on the latest scholarly insights to shed new light on all the major issues concerning skills and training today. While written primarily by leading scholars in the field it is equally relevant to policy makers and practitioners responsible for shaping the development of human capability today and into the future.
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Pollock, Emily Richmond. Opera After the Zero Hour. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190063733.001.0001.

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Opera after the Zero Hour argues that newly composed opera in West Germany after World War II was a site for the renegotiation of musical traditions during an era in which tradition had become politically fraught. The idea of the “Zero Hour,” which put a rhetorical caesura between National Socialism and postwar occupied and divided Germany, was belied by significant continuities with earlier periods and by repeated efforts at conservative restoration. Opera’s social, aesthetic, and political value systems made it an essential piece of this cultural ethos. Its conservatism was creative and multifaceted, and composers who wrote new operas developed a range of strategies to make opera modern while still drawing on the conventions of the genre. Different historical reference points and approaches to operatic tradition are exemplified through five case studies of works premiered in the first two postwar decades on the stages of West Germany. For these operas, this book presents source studies, close reading, and reviews as constellations to illuminate the politicized artistic environment that influenced both their creation and their reception. The argument also draws on historical information and the archives of German opera houses to contextualize new opera within institutions. Works written for postwar West German opera companies could be nuanced in their conception of and relationship to historic and modern ideas of what opera should be, and the reception of these works reveals tensions between particular interpretations of tradition, operaticism, and the future of opera.
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Book chapters on the topic "Different breeding systems and stages"

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Xue, Yanmin, and Menghui Huang. "Consumer Involvement in NPD Different Stages." In HCI in Business, Government and Organizations. Interacting with Information Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-58481-2_11.

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Wilkins, P. W. "The role of flowering intensity in adapting perennial ryegrass to different production systems." In Developments in Plant Breeding. Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0966-6_34.

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Voyko, Alexander V., Daria V. Voyko, and Natalia V. Yakushina. "Financing an Organization’s Working Capital During Different Lifecycle Stages." In Complex Systems: Innovation and Sustainability in the Digital Age. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58823-6_4.

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Trigueros-Cervantes, Carmen, Enrique Rivera-García, and Irene Rivera-Trigueros. "The Use of NVivo in the Different Stages of Qualitative Research." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61121-1_32.

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Nguyen, Thin, Ron Borland, John Yearwood, Hua-Hie Yong, Svetha Venkatesh, and Dinh Phung. "Discriminative Cues for Different Stages of Smoking Cessation in Online Community." In Web Information Systems Engineering – WISE 2016. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48743-4_12.

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Ye, Changrong, Xiaolin Li, Edilberto Redoña, Tsutomu Ishimaru, and Krishna Jagadish. "Genetics and Breeding of Heat Tolerance in Rice." In Rice Improvement. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_7.

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AbstractExtreme weather events, especially heat waves, have become more frequent with global warming. High temperature significantly affects world food security by decreasing crop yield. Rice is intensively planted in tropical and subtropical areas in Asia, where high temperature has become a major factor affecting rice production. Rice is sensitive to high temperature, especially at booting and flowering stages. Rice varieties tolerant of high temperature are rare, and only a few heat-tolerant rice varieties have been identified. High temperature at booting and flowering stages causes sterile pollen, decreased pollen shedding, and poor pollen germination, which finally lead to a yield decrease. Heat-tolerant QTLs have been identified in different studies, but new breeding lines with considerable heat tolerance have not been bred using identified heat-tolerance donors and QTLs. Research on heat-tolerant donor identification, QTL mapping, gene cloning, and large-scale phenotyping technology is important for developing heat-tolerant rice varieties.
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Milošević, Nebojša T., Maja Olujić, Ana Oros, and Herbert F. Jelinek. "Retinopathy of Prematurity: Fractal Analysis of Images in Different Stages of the Disease." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32548-9_7.

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Zhang, Xiaohong, Jianwen Xiang, Shengwu Xiong, Haowen Li, and Bixiang Li. "Difference Analysis of Impression on Japan from Chinese Students with Different Education Stages." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41636-6_5.

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King, C., J. McEniry, M. Richardson, and P. O’Kiely. "The Chemical Composition of a Range of Forage Grasses Grown Under Two Nitrogen Fertiliser Inputs and Harvested at Different Stages of Maturity." In Breeding strategies for sustainable forage and turf grass improvement. Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4555-1_50.

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Wiersum, L. K. "Activity of root systems of six plant species at different stages of development." In Plant and Soil Interfaces and Interactions. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3627-0_24.

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Conference papers on the topic "Different breeding systems and stages"

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Mavi, Kazim, Durmus Alpaslan Kaya, Musa Turkmen, and Filiz Ayanoglu. "The variation of essential oil and carvacrol contents of native grown Thymbra Spicata var. Spicata L." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.ii.18.

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In the study, it is aimed to create breeding lines of thyme (Thymbra spicata L.), which is important both culturally and economically, by selecting a single plant among the plants grown in different regions in Hatay. For this purpose, a genetic pool was created for Thymbra spicata L. plant in the plant samples taken from the locations where the plants are densely grown, and these plants were examined in terms of leaf characteristics, number of oil glands per unit area, oil gud size and essential oil components. Plants were propagated and preserved with cuttings taken from these single plants. In this study, which includes the pre-selection stage, 213 plants from 68 different locations were determined in the province of Hatay. The essential oil ratios of the plants varied between 0.70% and 3.90% and showed a wide variation. The rate of carvacrol, which is the main component of the essential oil of the thyme plant, was between 28.12% and 78.48%. Plants with code number Z14, Z3, Z25, Z38, Z77, Z104, Z35 and Z43 with an essential oil ratio of 3.5% and above and plants with code number Z167, Z165 and Z64 with a high carvacrol ratio were selected to be used in future breeding studies.
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Permana, Sidik, Naoyuki Takaki, and Hiroshi Sekimoto. "Design Feasible Area on Water Cooled Thorium Breeder Reactor in Equilibrium States." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89395.

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Thorium as supplied fuel has good candidate for fuel material if it is converted into fissile material 233U which shows superior characteristics in the thermal region. The Shippingport reactor used 233U-Th fuel system, and the molten salt breeder reactor (MSBR) project showed that breeding is possible in a thermal spectrum. In the present study, feasibility of water cooled thorium breeder reactor is investigated. The key properties such as flux, η value, criticality and breeding performances are evaluated for different moderator to fuel ratios (MFR) and burn-ups. The results show the feasibility of breeding for different MFR and burn-ups. The required 233U enrichment is about 2%–9% as charge fuel. The lower MFR and the higher enrichment of 233U are preferable to improve the average burn-up; however the design feasible window is shrunk. This core shows the design feasible window especially in relation to MFR with negative void reactivity coefficient.
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Matteo Barbari, Leonardo Conti, and Stefano Simonini. "Spatial Identification of Animals in Different Breeding Systems to Monitor Behavior." In Livestock Environment VIII, 31 August - 4 September 2008, Iguassu Falls, Brazil. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25606.

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TRUKHACHEV, Vladimir, Sergey OLEYNIK, and Nikolay ZLYDNEV. "DAILY DYNAMICS OF MILK QUALITY INDICATORS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.067.

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Dairy cattle breeding is one of the main suppliers of protein and animal fat, it is one of the most important branches of agriculture and plays a primary role in providing adequate nutrition for the population. During the purposeful work on harmonization of the national regulatory framework with international legislation, special attention is paid to scientific developments in the way of full implementation of Russian livestock production in the global trading system. The recommendations of the International Committee for Registration of Animals (ICAR) (Global Standard…, 2017; Trukhachev et al., 2017) are the methodological basis for the introduction of the generally accepted organizational principles for the recording and evaluation of the productive qualities of animals. One of the stages of this process was implementation in 2015-2017. in the Stavropol State Agrarian University of research projects, especially significant for the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in the direction of ensuring import substitution in animal husbandry (genetic material), which envisage the development of a regional model for the formation and management of highly productive genetic resources for dairy cattle. The object of the research was cattle (cows) of the North Caucasian population of the Ayrshire breed (n = 550), from which, based on the analysis of the materials of the primary zooveterinary records, groups of cows with 3-fold milking were formed to study the daily dynamics of fat and protein content in raw milk samples I, II and III milking, n = 240) and 2-fold milking (I and II milking - 180 cows). In the process of performing monthly analyzes of the quality of individual milk samples obtained from pedigree cows taken for 2- or 3-fold milking, it was found that a certain pattern is observed in the diurnal dynamics of fat and protein content in milk, which probably has a general biological nature and largely depends on the technological factor - the multiplicity of milking cows, which coincides, basically, with the regularities described in the methodology of the International Committee for Registration of Animals (ICAR). The nature of the dynamics of the concentration of fat in milk at 2- and 3-fold milking has, though a different mathematical form, but they have a general tendency: the fat in milk for milking cows, as a rule, is 10.77–10.98 % lower, than II and III milking. The variability of the protein concentration in milk during the day is the same as the fat dynamics, though it is less expressed than of fat and accounts 0.88%.
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Wang, Yu-Lin, Alvin W. Y. Su, Tseng-Ying Han, Ching-Lun Lin, and Ling-Chi Hsu. "EMG based rehabilitation systems - approaches for ALS patients in different stages." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icme.2015.7177398.

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Kittley-Davies, Jacob, Ahmed Alqaraawi, Rayoung Yang, Enrico Costanza, Alex Rogers, and Sebastian Stein. "Evaluating the Effect of Feedback from Different Computer Vision Processing Stages." In CHI '19: CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3290605.3300273.

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José Antonio Delfino Barbosa Filho, Iran José Oliveira Silva, and Marco Aurélio Neves Silva. "Welfare Evaluation by Image Analysis of Laying Hens in Different Breeding Systems and Environmental Conditions." In Livestock Environment VIII, 31 August - 4 September 2008, Iguassu Falls, Brazil. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25557.

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Салтанович, Татьяна, Людмила Анточ та А. Дончилэ. "Оценка реакции мужского гаметофита томата на действие патогенов Alternaria Spp." У International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.84.

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Research objective: to identify tomato genotypes resistant to Alternaria on variability and symptoms of male gametophyte on selective backgrounds with cultural filtrate of pathogens Alternaria spp. A set of gamete breeding techniques and genetic-statistical analysis were used in the experiments. Some patterns of the variability and heritability of traits in the tomato male gametophyte have been identified on media with filtrates of pathogens. The differences in the resistance of pollen to the filtrate influence were established; the differentiation and selection of genotypes for further breeding were made. These studies can be used at different stages of the selection process.
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Reshma, M., and B. Priestly Shan. "Two methodologies for identification of stages and different types of melanoma detection." In 2017 Conference on Emerging Devices and Smart Systems (ICEDSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icedss.2017.8073689.

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Grishko, Alexey, Pavel Adnreev, Nikolay Goryachev, Vasiliy Trusov, and Evgeniya Danilova. "Reliability control of complex systems at different stages of their life cycle." In 2018 Ural Symposium on Biomedical Engineering, Radioelectronics and Information Technology (USBEREIT). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/usbereit.2018.8384589.

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