To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Different cluster tip reduction (1/3.
Journal articles on the topic 'Different cluster tip reduction (1/3'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Different cluster tip reduction (1/3.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zheng, Wei, Jesús García, Pedro Balda, and Fernando Martínez de Toda. "Effects of late winter pruning at different phenological stages on vine yield components and berry composition in La Rioja, North-central Spain." OENO One 51, no. 4 (2017): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2017.51.4.1863.
Full textAbstract:
Aims: Under global warming, the desynchrony between technology maturity and phenolic maturity of wine grapes is a worthy concern. Late winter pruning (LWP) has been proved to be an effective way to delay the grape phenological stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of LWP at different phenological stages (based on Baillod & Baggiolini system) on the delay of the grape ripening, on vine yield components as well as on berry composition, among others, the anthocyanin to sugar ratio.Methods and results: The two-year (2015 and 2016) trial was conducted in Rioja wine region (North of Spain) on Maturana vines and in each year, four pruning treatments were carried out taking apical buds/shoots as reference: (1) winter pruning at stage A (WPA; dormant bud); (2) LWP at stage C (LWPC; green shoot tip) in 2015 and at stage F (LWPF; inflorescence clearly visible) in 2016; (3) LWP at stage G (LWPG; inflorescences separated); (4) LWP at stage H (LWPH; flowers separated). LWPC failed to delay the late phenological stages and did not exert important influence on vine yield and berry composition. LWPG and LWPH succeeded to delay all the phenological stages of grapes to a great extent and created a considerably cooler and longer ripening period compared to WPA. Vine yield was not affected by LWPF and was reduced significantly (averagely by 41%) by LWPG. LWPH lead to great losses in yield (averagely by 67%), especially in 2015. LWPG did not change the fruit composition while LWPH increased the ratio of anthocyanin to sugar and helped to maintain a relatively high level of acidity in berries.Conclusions: The primary cause of the decline in production seems to be the losses of flowers and/or the reduction in fruit set percentage in the current season, instead of the losses in inflorescences within buds in the previous season. For Maturana grapes, LWP after the stage F would reduce the vine yield and could be applied as an alternative to the time consuming cluster thinning to meet the needs of yield control. Delaying the winter pruning to stage H could improve the fruit quality in spite of the greater risk of botrytis and a serious decline in production.Significance and impact of the study: The outcomes of this research open a door for the winegrowers to realize the yield control in a simple way. Also, for those who only pursue wines of top quality (regardless of production), a very late winter pruning might provide them with high-quality grapes. Moreover, as can be seen obviously from our results, viticulturists could postpone the budburst date to whatever extent they wish thus reducing the risk of spring frost injury to zero, though this point is not our focus in the study.
2
Ameri, A. A., E. Steinthorsson, and D. L. Rigby. "Effects of Tip Clearance and Casing Recess on Heat Transfer and Stage Efficency in Axial Turbines." Journal of Turbomachinery 121, no. 4 (1999): 683–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2836720.
Full textAbstract:
Calculations were performed to assess the effect of the tip leakage flow on the rate of heat transfer to blade, blade tip, and casing. The effect on exit angle and efficiency was also examined. Passage geometries with and without casing recess were considered. The geometry and the flow conditions of the GE-E3 first-stage turbine, which represents a modern gas turbine blade, were used for the analysis. Clearance heights of 0, 1, 1.5, and 3 percent of the passage height were considered. For the two largest clearance heights considered, different recess depths were studied. There was an increase in the thermal load on all the heat transfer surfaces considered due to enlargement of the clearance gap. Introduction of recessed casing resulted in a drop in the rate of heat transfer on the pressure side, but the picture on the suction side was found to be more complex for the smaller tip clearance height considered. For the larger tip clearance height, the effect of casing recess was an orderly reduction in the suction side heat transfer as the casing recess height was increased. There was a marked reduction of heat load and peak values on the blade tip upon introduction of casing recess; however, only a small reduction was observed on the casing itself. It was reconfirmed that there is a linear relationship between the efficiency and the tip gap height. It was also observed that the recess casing has a small effect on the efficiency but can have a moderating effect on the flow underturning at smaller tip clearances.
3
Tucker, V. A. "GLIDING BIRDS: REDUCTION OF INDUCED DRAG BY WING TIP SLOTS BETWEEN THE PRIMARY FEATHERS." Journal of Experimental Biology 180, no. 1 (1993): 285–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.180.1.285.
Full textAbstract:
1. The feathers at the wing tips of most birds that soar over land separate both horizontally and vertically in flight to form slotted tips. The individual feathers in the slotted tips resemble the winglets used on the wing tips of some aircraft to reduce induced drag. 2. A wing that produces lift leaves a pair of vortex sheets in its wake. Wing theory shows that winglets can reduce the kinetic energy left in the vortex sheets, and hence the induced drag, by spreading vorticity both horizontally and vertically. 3. This paper describes the aerodynamic forces on a wing made of a base wing and different wing tips. The feathered wing tip was slotted and was made of four primary feathers from a Harris' hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus). The Clark Y tip was unslotted and was made of balsa wood shaped to a Clark Y aerofoil. The balsa feather tip was slotted and was made of three balsa wood wings shaped like feathers. 4. The base wing in a wind tunnel at an air speed of 12.6 m s-1 generated upwash angles as high as 15° at the end of the wing when the angle of attack of the wing was 10.5°. The feathered tip responded to upwash by increasing its lift to drag ratio (L/D) by 107 %, from 4.9 to 10.1, as the angle of attack of the base wing increased from 4° to 14°. The L/D values of the balsa feather tip and the Clark Y tip increased by 49 % and 5 %, respectively, for the same change in angle of attack. 5. With the angle of attack of the base wing fixed at 13°, changing the angle of attack of the wing tip changed the drag of the base wing. The drag of the base wing increased by 25 % as the angle of attack of the Clark Y tip increased from 0° to 15°. The base wing drag decreased by 6 % for the same change in the angle of attack of the feathered tip. 6. The total drag of the wing with the feathered tip was 12 % less than that of a hypothetical wing with the same lift and span, but with tip feathers that did not respond to upwash at the end of the base wing. This value is consistent with wing theory predictions on drag reduction from winglets. 7. Wings with the tip and the base wing locked together had lift and drag that increased with increasing base wing angle of attack, as expected for conventional wings. Span factors were calculated from these data - a large span factor indicates that a wing has low induced drag for a given lift and wing span. The wing with the Clark Y tip had a span factor that decreased from 1 to 0.75 as the angle of attack of the base wing increased. Over the same range of angle of attack, the span factor of the wing with the feathered tip remained constant at 0.87. As the angle of attack of this wing increased, aerodynamic forces spread the feathers vertically to form slots. With fully formed slots, the wing had a higher span factor than the wing with the unslotted Clark Y tip. 8. Flow visualization with helium-filled bubbles showed that the addition of two winglets to the tip of a model wing spread vorticity both horizontally and vertically in the wake of the tip. 9. These observations taken together provide strong evidence that the tip slots of soaring birds reduce induced drag in the sense that the separated tip feathers act as winglets and increase the span factor of the wings.
4
Starr, Philip A., Nicholas M. Barbaro, Neil H. Raskin, and Jill L. Ostrem. "Chronic stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic region for cluster headache: technique and 1-year results in four patients." Journal of Neurosurgery 106, no. 6 (2007): 999–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2007.106.6.999.
Full textAbstract:
Object Cluster headache (CH) is the most severe of the primary headache disorders. Based on the finding that regional cerebral blood flow is increased in the ipsilateral posterior hypothalamic region during a CH attack, a novel neurosurgical procedure for CH was recently introduced: hypothalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS). Two small case series have been described. Here, the authors report their technical approach, intraoperative physiological observations, and 1-year outcomes after hypothalamic DBS in four patients with medically intractable CHs. Methods Patients underwent unilateral magnetic resonance (MR) imaging–guided stereotactic implantation of a Medtronic DBS (model 3387) lead and Soletra pulse generator system. Intended tip coordinates were 3 mm posterior, 5 mm inferior, and 2 mm lateral to the midcommissural point. Microelectrode recording and intraoperative test stimulation were performed. Lead locations were measured on postoperative MR images. The intensity, frequency, and severity of headaches throughout a 1-week period were tracked in patient diaries immediately prior to surgery and after 1 year of continuous stimulation. At the 1-year follow-up examination, DBS had produced a greater than 50% reduction in headache intensity or frequency in two of four cases. Active contacts were located 3 to 6 mm posterior to the mammillothalamic tract. Neurons in the target region showed low-frequency tonic discharge. Conclusions In two previously published case series, headache relief was obtained in many but not all patients. The results of these open-label studies justify a larger, prospective trial but do not yet justify widespread clinical application of this technique.
5
Novianti, Titta, Febriana Dwi Wahyuni, It Jamilah, and Syafruddin Ilyas. "Histology Analysis of Tissue Regeneration Process of Digit Tip Mice (Mus musculus) post amputation." Indonesian Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity 4, no. 2 (2020): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47007/ijobb.v4i2.70.
Full textAbstract:
The ability to regenerate tissue is different for each organism. Mice (Mus musculus) able to regenerate the 3rd phalange of a digit. The tissue regeneration process has four phases are the wound-healing phase, the blastema phase, the regeneration phase, and the maturation phase. Each phase has a different process and different activity of cells. Histological analysis is very important to see the activity of each cell in each phase of tissue regeneration. Through histological analysis we can find out the role of each cell in the tissue regeneration process as well as the processes that occur in tissue regeneration. In this study, we analyzed tissue histology in the digit tip mice at each regeneration phase post amputated. The phalanges were amputated on the 3rd phalanges of digit tip of 24 male mice which had been previously sedated using ketamine / xylazine. Digit tip were allowed to grow and regenerate, and samples were taken on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 25 after amputation. Histological analysis was performed using Hematoxylin-eosin staining on a sample preparation that had been made into paraffin blocks first. The histological showed that at the beginning of the wound, the tissue rapidly forms a thin epidermal layer to cover the wound. In the wound healing phase, some of embryonal cells proliferated and migrated actively. In the blastema phase, granule cells cluster to form various new tissues. In the regeneration phase, new tissue begins to form, such as blood vessel, muscle, bone, and epidermal tissue. In the regeneration phase on day 15, several new tissues have begun to form, such as blood vessel tissue, muscle, hemorrhoid, bone and epidermis. Finally, in the maturation phase on day 25, the tissue morphology process occurs and perfecting the digit tip mice tissue.
6
Domagalska-Szopa, Małgorzata, and Andrzej Szopa. "Body Posture Asymmetry Differences between Children with Mild Scoliosis and Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/462094.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP) often have impaired movement coordination, reduced between-limb synchronization, and less weight bearing on the affected side, which can affect the maintenance of an upright weight-bearing position and gait. This study evaluated whether the different postural patterns of children with unilateral CP could be statistically recognized using cluster analysis. Forty-five outpatients with unilateral CP (mean age, 9 years and 5 months) and 51 able-bodied children with mild scoliosis (mean age, 9 years and 2 months) were included. One observer performed moiré topography (MT) examinations using a CQ Electronic System (Poland) device. A weight distribution analysis on the base of support (BOS) between the body sides was performed simultaneously. A force plate dynamographic platform (PDM), ZEBRIS (Germany), with FootPrint software was used for these measurements. Cluster analysis revealed three groups: Cluster 1 (, 73.96%), Cluster 2 (, 8.33%), and Cluster 3 (, 17.71%). Based on the MT parameters (extracted using a data reduction technique), three typical asymmetrical postural patterns were described: (1) the postural pattern of children with mild scoliosis (SCOL), (2) the progravitational postural pattern (PGPP), and (3) the antigravitational pattern. Patterns two and three were identified in children with unilateral CP.
7
Xavier, Warlles D., Diogo C. Silva, Rommel B. da Costa, Diego O. Ribeiro, Vinicius S. Sousa, and João Vitor de S. Silva. "Losses in the mechanized harvesting of sugarcane as of speed function of two harvester models in Tropical Savanna Environment." April 2020, no. 14(04):2020 (April 20, 2020): 675–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.04.p2338.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the losses that occur in the sugarcane crop during the harvesting, based on the performance of two harvester models operated at different displacement speeds. The variety harvested was CTC4, with total productivity of 95.0 Mg ha-1. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme with five replications. The treatments consisted of two harvester models (John Deere 3520 and John Deere CH570), operated in three different displacement speeds (3.0 km h-1, 4.0 km h-1 and 5.0 km h-1) in sugarcane harvesting. The quality indicators that assessed after sugarcane harvesting were the following loss types: stump cane, whole cane, tip cane, loose piece cane, shrapnel cane and total cane loss in Mg ha-1. The increase in displacement speed resulted in lower total losses in sugarcane harvesting. The 3520 harvester was superior to the CH570 at the highest speed tested. The reduction of sugarcane harvesting loss indexes was proportional to the increase of the displacement speeds for the parameters such as stump cane, whole cane, tip cane, loose piece cane and total loss cane for 3520 harvester and stump cane, whole cane and total loss cane for CH570 harvester, showing strong negative correlations (> 0.85).
8
WUTTKE, WERNER A., ROY T. SAWYER, and MICHAEL S. BERRY. "EXTRAGLANDULAR INNERVATION OF THE SALIVARY CELLS OF THE LEECH HAEMENTERIA GHILIANII: NEURONAL STIMULATION ELICITS GLAND-CELL ACTION POTENTIALS AND SECRETION." Journal of Experimental Biology 143, no. 1 (1989): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.143.1.389.
Full textAbstract:
1. Each salivary gland cell of Haementeria extends a single process, or ductule, anteriorly into the proboscis; secretory products are released at the ductule ending. Some ductules secrete into the lumen of the proboscis and others at the outer surface of its tip, more than 5 cm from the gland in large leeches 2. Depolarization of a gland-cell body elicits action potentials which appear to be conducted along the ductule to its ending. Electrical stimulation of the proboscis tip elicits action potentials in those ductules which end there, and the impulses are propagated to the cell body (approx. 5cms−1) 3. Bathing the salivary glands in calcium-free saline causes spontaneous repetitive firing in the cell bodies and also elicits secretion at the proboscis tip (bathed in normal saline); the action potential thus appears to be a stimulus for secretion 4. A paired stomatogastric nerve, from the brain, enters the proboscis near its base. Cobalt-filling of the nerve shows numerous cell bodies in the brain and first body ganglion, and an intricate network of fibres and a cluster of stained cell bodies near its entry point in the proboscis 5. Repetitive stimulation of the stomatogastric nerve produces action potentials in certain gland cells, after a delay of at least 15 s, and also elicits secretion. The action potentials are initiated near the ductule tip, and are conducted to the cell body. The salivary glands themselves do not appear to be innervated 6. Application of acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine or octopamine (10−4 moll−1) does not initiate secretion. Neither dopamine nor octopamine excites the gland cells but ACh produces a transient suprathreshold depolarization of the cell body and occasionally elicits 1–3 ductule spikes when applied to the proboscis tip. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) produces secretion when applied to the proboscis but not when applied to the glands alone; it does not excite the cells, indicating that the action potential is not the only stimulus for secretion. 5-HT produces a depolarization, and increase in membrane resistance, in the cell body, and prevents the rapid adaptation of action potentials which occurs during maintained depolarization 7. Electrophoretic analysis shows that the protein compositions of secretions at the proboscis tip and in the lumen are completely different, with the tip apparently secreting only two major proteins. These same two protein bands occur in the cytoplasm of certain gland-cell bodies which can be distinguished in living glands on the basis of size and degree of staining with Methylene Blue 8. Following stimulation of the stomatogastric nerve, secretory products at the proboscis tip can be seen to emerge from discrete points which appear to be single ductule endings. This presents the possibility of studying excitation-secretion coupling in single cells
9
Gerasimchuk, M. Yu. "CHARACTERISTICS OF DEPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT CHRONOTYPES." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 72, no. 6 (2017): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn881.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Approximately 30−40% of depressive patients does not improve or show a partial response. Since biological rhythm involved in the pathogenesis of mood disorders is regarded as a unique characteristic of a person, it opens new opportunities for personalized medicine.Aim: to evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment effectiveness in depressive patients with different chronotypes.Materials and methods: In prospective, hospital-based study MADRS was performed weekly (dMADRS), therapeutic response (R) was defined as a 50% or greater decrease from baseline in the score. Chronotype was evaluated using the Morningness−Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). Participants completed a questionnaire package: HDRS-21, PSQI, ТОВ, «individual minute». Statistical analysis was performed using Excel for Windows, Statistica 13.0.Results: All patients (n=100, mean age 48±16 yrs) were divided into groups based on their circadian type: evening types (ETs) had more severe condition; antidepressants (SSRIs; R=72%) were effective given at morning in ETs, at evening (other; R=100%) ― in morning types (MTs) (p0.00001) with a greater reduction in depressive symptoms (p0.05). Prescribing drugs with balanced potency were effective in both groups (F=4.62, p=0.032). Cluster analysis on 25 clinical, biological, and therapeutic variables to establish the role of chronotype as a factor important for identifying patients with similar socio-demographic, clinical, and health characteristics was conducted. Cluster 1 achieved a reduction of depression severity (19% MTs; R=81%; 43.4±17.7 yrs; single episode; dMADRS 16.9±2.7; 23% monotherapy). Cluster 3 (80% ETs; R=50%; 40.4±15.2; early onset dMADRS 15.23±2.29; 7% monotherapy) was the most unfavorable prognostic group.Conclusions: Depressive patients with morning/evening chronotypes have significant differences in clinical presentation, the course of the illness and efficacy of antidepressants. Evening chronotype was found to be associated with poor prognosis. Circadian typology should be considered when choosing the appropriate therapeutic options.
10
Zhuang, Rulong, Kena Mi, and Zhangwei Feng. "Industrial Co-Agglomeration and Air Pollution Reduction: An Empirical Evidence Based on Provincial Panel Data." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 22 (2021): 12097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212097.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial co-agglomeration plays a significant role in the moving up of the manufacturing industry in the value chain and in transforming China from a manufacturing giant into a world manufacturing power. This study establishes a co-aggregation index to explore spatio-temporal changes of the co-agglomeration between manufacturing and producer services in 30 provinces of China from 2004 to 2019. Furthermore, we use spatial Durbin model to analyze the impact of industrial co-agglomeration on air pollution reduction. We find that (1) the co-agglomeration index varies remarkably at spatio-temporal scale; (2) high co-agglomeration index is mainly distributed in eastern and central China, while low co-agglomeration index is mainly located in the western region; (3) the co-agglomeration index presents a cluster pattern among provinces, with the cluster of high value in eastern China and the cluster of low value in western China; and (4) the co-agglomeration between manufacturing and producer services is proven effetely to reduce air pollution, which is accompanied with spatial spillover effect. We also provided policy implications in line with diverse industries, multi hierarchies, and different regions, promoting the coordination of manufacturing and producer services and improving air quality.
11
Lou, Hongfei, Yifan Meng, Yingshi Piao, et al. "Cellular phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps." Rhinology journal 54, no. 2 (2016): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino15.271.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Defining the phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) with prognosis may lead to delivery of personalized treatment. This study aimed to identify cellular phenotypes of CRSwNP using cluster analysis and define an algorithm for different clusters associated with polyp recurrence. Methods: Overall, 366 patients with CRSwNP were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Eighteen variables, including clinical characteristics and tissue/peripheral inflammatory cells assessments, were selected for factor analysis. Unsupervised cluster analysis was performed after variables reduction and standardization and differences in polyp recurrence during follow-up for a minimum of 24 months were analysed among clusters. Discriminant analysis was further used to develop a clinically useful algorithm for predicting clustering. Results: Five phenotypic clusters were identified. Clusters 1 and 2 were plasma cell-dominant and lymphocyte-dominant phenotypes, respectively. Cluster 3 revealed a mixed inflammatory pattern. Cluster 4 was characterized by infiltration of predominantly neutrophils. Cluster 5 was characterized by a marked tissue eosinophilia and highest recurrence rate of 98.5%. The clinical algorithm predicted clustering with 93.7% accuracy. Conclusions: Chinese CRSwNP patients may be classified into five phenotypes with different polyp recurrence rates, based on the presence of predominantly plasma cells, lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils or mixed inflammatory cells in polyps.
12
Garcia-Rudolph, Alejandro, Alberto Garcia-Molina, Eloy Opisso, and Jose Tormos Muñoz. "Personalized Web-Based Cognitive Rehabilitation Treatments for Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury: Cluster Analysis." JMIR Medical Informatics 8, no. 10 (2020): e16077. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16077.
Full textAbstract:
Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. TBI is a highly heterogeneous disease, which makes it complex for effective therapeutic interventions. Cluster analysis has been extensively applied in previous research studies to identify homogeneous subgroups based on performance in neuropsychological baseline tests. Nevertheless, most analyzed samples are rarely larger than a size of 100, and different cluster analysis approaches and cluster validity indices have been scarcely compared or applied in web-based rehabilitation treatments. Objective The aims of our study were as follows: (1) to apply state-of-the-art cluster validity indices to different cluster strategies: hierarchical, partitional, and model-based, (2) to apply combined strategies of dimensionality reduction by using principal component analysis and random forests and perform stability assessment of the final profiles, (3) to characterize the identified profiles by using demographic and clinically relevant variables, and (4) to study the external validity of the obtained clusters by considering 3 relevant aspects of TBI rehabilitation: Glasgow Coma Scale, functional independence measure, and execution of web-based cognitive tasks. Methods This study was performed from August 2008 to July 2019. Different cluster strategies were executed with Mclust, factoextra, and cluster R packages. For combined strategies, we used the FactoMineR and random forest R packages. Stability analysis was performed with the fpc R package. Between-group comparisons for external validation were performed using 2-tailed t test, chi-square test, or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Results We analyzed 574 adult patients with TBI (mostly severe) who were undergoing web-based rehabilitation. We identified and characterized 3 clusters with strong internal validation: (1) moderate attentional impairment and moderate dysexecutive syndrome with mild memory impairment and normal spatiotemporal perception, with almost 66% (111/170) of the patients being highly educated (P<.05); (2) severe dysexecutive syndrome with severe attentional and memory impairments and normal spatiotemporal perception, with 49.2% (153/311) of the patients being highly educated (P<.05); (3) very severe cognitive impairment, with 45.2% (42/93) of the patients being highly educated (P<.05). We externally validated them with severity of injury (P=.006) and functional independence assessments: cognitive (P<.001), motor (P<.001), and total (P<.001). We mapped 151,763 web-based cognitive rehabilitation tasks during the whole period to the 3 obtained clusters (P<.001) and confirmed the identified patterns. Stability analysis indicated that clusters 1 and 2 were respectively rated as 0.60 and 0.75; therefore, they were measuring a pattern and cluster 3 was rated as highly stable. Conclusions Cluster analysis in web-based cognitive rehabilitation treatments enables the identification and characterization of strong response patterns to neuropsychological tests, external validation of the obtained clusters, tailoring of cognitive web-based tasks executed in the web platform to the identified profiles, thereby providing clinicians a tool for treatment personalization, and the extension of a similar approach to other medical conditions.
13
Krishnan, Gayathri, Zulema Udaondo, Se-Ran Jun, and Atul Kothari. "869. Outbreak of Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) in a Hematology Unit Identified Through Whole Genome Sequencing." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (2020): S472—S474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1058.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background VREfm is a major cause of Hospital Acquired Infection in the United States. We analyzed all the VREfm infections that occurred in our institution between 2018 and 2019 using Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) to understand epidemiological relationship between previously unidentified clusters. In this study we describe a cluster in our hematology oncology unit. Methods A total of 109 discrete VREfm isolates from 66 patients were analyzed. VREfm isolates used in this study were identified from positive blood and urine cultures. Genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted from pure cultures. The purity and integrity of extracted DNA were determined using appropriate assays. Library construction and sequencing were conducted and Multi Locust Sequence Typing (MLST) obtained (image 1). Phylogenomic tree was plotted using the Interactive Tree of Life (image 2). Image 1 - methods Image 2 - Tree of Life Results Total of 7 clusters were identified. Here we describe one cluster (image 3) with the highest genetic similarity which showed maximum difference of 5 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (zero between patient 1 and 2, image 4). The cluster is composed of 24 clinical strains of VREfm from 6 patients, over a 9 month time period (Image 5). All patients had hematologic malignancies; 4/6 patients had received recent chemotherapy and 5/6 patients were neutropenic. 4 patients were admitted in a single unit (labelled E7), 1 patient was on a sister unit (labelled F7); and 1 patient was in the cancer infusion center. All patients had central venous access placed by radiology at the time of diagnosis of infection and had visited our outpatient infusion center multiple times during this time frame. Image 3 - Close look at cluster 1 Image 4 - Dendrogram of 106 isolates performed with coreSNP(Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) pairwise distances. • Dendogram shows different patients (same color for isolates that belong to the same patient) and the patient numbers. • Besides the patient number, the number of largest number SNPS that separate those isolates is shown. • Branches represent the number of coreSNPs that differ strains from that branch. As you see isolates from cluster 1 differ in a maximum of 5 SNPs but isolates of patient 1 and patient 2 differ in 0 SNPs between them. Cluster 1 is represented by a green square. Image 5 - Time period of infections Conclusion The prolonged period in our cluster argues in favor of an environmental niche in the hospital unit. We are unable to elucidate pattern of transmission in a cluster of infections without knowing patient colonization of VREfm; because we are likely looking at the tip of the iceberg when analyzing infected cases. It is difficult to ascribe causality to any one of these exposures without concomitant surveillance cultures of environment and personnel. Retrospective WGS is of limited value in infection control. We now have third generation sequencing with the MinION device to do real time sequencing with which we also validated some of our samples. Disclosures Atul Kothari, MD, Ansun Biopharma (Consultant)
14
Lagarto, Luísa, and Joaquim Cerejeira. "Identification of sub-groups in acutely ill elderly patients with delirium: a cluster analysis." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 8 (2016): 1283–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610216000302.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTBackground:Delirium is a serious neuropsychiatric syndrome affecting mainly elderly participants with acute medical diseases. The pathophysiology of delirium remains poorly understood as it involves complex dynamic interactions between a diversity of risk factors. Exploring how etiological factors interact with each other can clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms and facilitate the early identification of this syndrome. The aim of this study was to explore how different risk factors co-occur in medically ill elderly patients with delirium with cluster analysis and identify clinically meaningful sub-groups in this population.Methods:A cross-sectional study was developed. Ninety-nine elderly inpatients admitted to acute medical wards diagnosed with delirium during hospitalization were selected. For each patient sociodemographic characteristics, acute and chronic medical conditions, laboratory parameters, and current medication were collected.Results:The cluster analysis extracted three distinct subgroups of participants with delirium. Patients in cluster 1 (n = 28) had higher rates of medication with anticholinergic proprieties. Cluster 2 (n = 29) included participants with cardiac and pulmonary comorbidities associated with both chronic and acute reduction of blood flow and/or oxygenation to the brain. Cluster 3 (n = 42 patients) comprised patients with simultaneous deregulation of different organs/systems, such as electrolytic disturbances, metabolic disturbances, and acute renal failure. Known predisposing factors of delirium, such as age and pre-existing dementia, were similar between groups.Conclusions:The results reveal different patterns of clinical characteristics in elderly patients with delirium. This is relevant to clinical care of acute medically ill patients and suggests that different pathways are implicated in delirium pathophysiology.
15
Krueger, C., and D. Rath. "Intrauterine insemination in sows with reduced sperm number." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 12, no. 2 (2000): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00035.
Full textAbstract:
Usually 2–3 x 109 sperm per insemination are used in pigs. In other species it has been shown that changing the site of insemination allows a reduction in the amount of sperm per insemination dose. The goal of this study was to determine the minimal number of sperm that can be used, without a reduction in either the pregnancy rate or the mean litter size, using surgical deep intrauterine insemination in sows after weaning. Three different sperm concentrations (5 x 108, 1 x 108 and 1 x 107 sperm cells extended in 0.5 mL AndrohepTM) were inseminated into the tip of each uterine horn. In addition two groups of control sows were inseminated once intracervically 24–32 h after the first signs of oestrus with 1 x 109 and 3 x 109 sperm in 80 mL AndrohepTM extender. Animals that became pregnant were allowed to farrow normally. No significant differences were observed between groups inseminated surgically with the three different sperm dosages with respect to pregnancy or farrowing rate. There was also no significant difference between the results of these groups and the results obtained from the non-surgically inseminated control groups. Neither the mean number of live-born nor stillborn piglets was significantly different between the surgically inseminated groups and the control groups. The total number of piglets born in each group was also not statistically different. The data show that the sperm number to be used for surgical insemination can be lowered without loss of the fertilization potential and may be used in the field as soon as a suitable insemination device is available.
16
Gentz, Maria, Anita Lange, Sebastian Zeidler, and Imke Traulsen. "Classification of Pigs with Tail Lesions from Different Farrowing and Rearing Systems during Rearing and Fattening Period." Animals 9, no. 11 (2019): 949. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110949.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the present study was to classify and characterise pigs with tail lesions using a combined parameter based on the frequency and duration of tail lesions and to find out whether biologically relevant groups could be separated by cluster analysis. Pigs (n = 677, 50% docked, 50% undocked) from three farrowing systems, as follows: (1) Conventional farrowing crate (FC), (2) free farrowing (FF), and (3) a group housing lactating sows (GH), were divided into two rearing systems as follows: (1) A conventional system (CONV) and (2) a wean-to-finish (W-F) system. Within 18 assessment weeks, starting after weaning, animal tail lesions were recorded individually. The animals were characterised into five lesion groups, as follows: (I) No lesions to (V) many long lasting lesions. The separability of the predefined lesion groups was checked by an animal individual lesion parameter. By using a k-means cluster analysis, it was shown that the docking status was the mainly affected parameter on the tail lesions. The separation of the groups only succeeded for the most distinct groups, I and V. The high impact of the docking status and the reduction of tail lesions by more space allowance was shown. More characterising information for the individual pigs would improve the separability of the lesion groups.
17
Kosugi, Atsushi, Kok Hoong Leong, Eri Urata, et al. "Effect of Different Direct Compaction Grades of Mannitol on the Storage Stability of Tablet Properties Investigated Using a Kohonen Self-Organizing Map and Elastic Net Regression Model." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 9 (2020): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12090886.
Full textAbstract:
This study tested 15 direct compaction grades to identify the contribution of different grades of mannitol to the storage stability of the resulting tablets. After preparing the model tablets with different values of hardness, they were stored at 25 °C, 75% relative humidity for 1 week. Then, measurement of the tablet properties was conducted on both pre- and post-storage tablets. The tablet properties were tensile strength (TS), friability, and disintegration time (DT). The experimental data were analyzed using a Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM). The SOM analysis successfully classified the test grades into three distinct clusters having different changes in the behavior of the tablet properties accompanying storage. Cluster 1 showed an obvious rise in DT induced by storage, while cluster 3 showed a substantial change in mechanical strength of the tablet including a reduction in the TS and a rise in friability. Furthermore, the data were analyzed using an Elastic net regression technique to investigate the general relationships between the powder properties of mannitol and the change behavior of the tablet properties. Consequently, we succeeded in identifying the crucial powder properties for the storage stability of the resulting tablets. This study provides advanced technical knowledge to characterize the effect of different direct compaction grades of mannitol on the storage stability of tablet properties.
18
Saavedra-Avila, José I., J. Jesús García Zavala, Amalio Santacruz Varela, Fernando Castillo González, and José Crossa. "Effect of ALS and 4-HPPD Inhibitor Herbicides on Maize Lines." Crops 5, no. 2 (2025): 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops5020010.
Full textAbstract:
Nicosulfuron and topramezone are herbicides with different mechanisms of action, and are recommended for weed control in maize (Zea mays L.). The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the effect of both herbicides, at increasing doses of 0, 1× and 3×, equivalent to 0, 60, and 180 g ai ha−1 for nicosulfuron, and 0, 33.6, and 100.8 g ai ha−1 for topramezone, on physiological and agronomic characteristics in 29 maize lines, including S2, S3 and S4, using an alpha-lattice incomplete block design. The cluster analysis divided our genotypes into two groups for both herbicides, based on their higher or lower fresh weight. The results showed a reduction in the SPAD index for both herbicides at 7 days after application, and nicosulfuron caused a reduction in the green matter weight of 33.4%. Similarly, nicosulfuron caused a delay and a reduction in its doses, after an initial increase, for all the agronomic variables, female flowering (FF), male flowering (MF), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), and grain weight (GW), in doses of 60 and 180 g ai ha−1, while topramezone only affected PH (1×–3×) and EH (3×). When comparing the applications of both herbicides on the maize genotypes, a difference in female and male flowering of 5.09 and 4.86 days, respectively was observed. A differential response and greater damage to nicosulfuron were observed in maize genotypes, with respect to topramezone applications.
19
Friedrich, M. G., T. Tirilomis, J. M. Kollmeier, Y. Wang, and G. G. Hanekop. "Modifications of Surgical Suction Tip Geometry for Flow Optimisation: Influence on Suction-Induced Noise Pollution." Surgery Research and Practice 2018 (November 21, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3074819.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Suction devices for clearing the surgical field are among the most commonly used tools of every surgeon because a better view of the surgical field is essential. Forced suction may produce disturbingly loud noise, which acts as a nonnegligible stressor. Especially, in emergency situations with heavy bleeding, this loud noise has been described as an impeding factor in the medical decision-making process. In addition, there are reports of inner ear damage in patients due to suction noises during operations in the head area. These problems have not been solved yet. The purpose of this study was to analyse flow-dependent suction noise effects of different surgical suction tips. Furthermore, we developed design improvements to these devices.Methods. We compared five different geometries of suction tips using an in vitro standardised setup. Two commercially available standard suction tips were compared to three adapted new devices regarding their flow-dependent (10–2000 mL/min) noise emission (dB, weighting filter (A), distance 10 cm) and acoustic quality of resulting noises (Hamilton fast Fourier analysis) during active suction at the liquid-air boundary. Noise maps at different flow rates were created for all five suction devices, and the proportion of extracted air was measured. The geometries of the three custom-made suction tips (new models 1, 2, and 3) were designed considering the insights after determining the key characteristics of the two standard suction models.Results. The geometry of a suction device tip has significant impact on its noise emission. For the standard models, the frequency spectrum at higher flow rates significantly changes to high-frequency noise patterns (>3 kHz). A number of small side holes designed to prevent tissue adhesion lead to increased levels of high-frequency noise. Due to modifications of the tip geometry in our new models, we are able to achieve a highly significant reduction of noise level at low flow rates (new model 2 vs. standard modelsp<0.001) and also the acoustic quality improved. Additionally, we attain a highly significant reduction of secondary air intake (new model 2 vs. the other modelsp<0.001).Conclusion. Improving flow-relevant features of the geometry of suction heads is a suitable way to reduce noise emissions. Optimized suction tips are significantly quieter. This may help us to reduce noise-induced hearing damage in patients as well as stress of medical staff during surgery and should lead to quieter operation theatres overall. Furthermore, the turbulence reduction and reduced secondary air intake during the suction process are expected to result in protective effects on the collected blood and thus could improve the quality of autologous blood retransfusions. We are on the way to evaluate potential benefits.
20
Milanez, Alexandre, Lírio Schaeffer, Anderson Daleffe, and Mateus Milanez. "Manufacturing Dies for Micro and Meso Direct Extrusion Processes." Journal for Manufacturing Science & Production 13, no. 3 (2013): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2013-0009.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis work describes the development and manufacture of micro and meso extrusion dies used to extrude metal materials. The die design was based on different extrusion angles and diameters of input materials. An extrusion die was made to input material measuring 1 mm and for reduction to 0.8 mm with a 30° angle of extrusion. For the same diameter of material, another two dies were manufactured with extrusion angles of 45° and 60°. For meso sized extrusion, another three dies were made and the diameter of the input material was 4 mm with a reduction to 3 mm and extrusion angles of 30°, 45° and 60°. During the machining of the extrusion dies, high speed steel (HSS) drills were used with a tip angle according to the extrusion angles. After machining, the dies were treated thermally and polished to diminish the friction coefficient between the part to be extruded and the die. The results of the machining process indicate that extrusion dies can be manufactured using quick HSS drill and polishing can be done using diamond paste with satisfactory results.
21
Anaria Seftika, Susanto Susanto, and Deri Sis Nanda. "The Analysis of Speech Sounds Produced by Children Using Praat Software: A Case Study of Late Talkers at Way Kandis Village Tanjung Senang in Bandar Lampung." International Journal of Technology and Education Research 2, no. 04 (2024): 116–32. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijeter.v2i04.1046.
Full textAbstract:
Language is something that humans have from birth, both verbal and nonverbal. Every child's language development is different. In the early stages, children will use simple words to express what they want to say. Late talker refers to delays the development of spoken language in children, including delays in understanding language, pronouncing words correctly, and the ability to speaking fluently. This study aims to: 1. Explore the phonological processes produced by late talkers; and 2. Explore the dominant sound errors that occur in late talkers. The samples were 15 late talkers aged 3-5 years. The method used qualitative, the data was collected by observation and using the PRAAT software to analyze the pronunciation errors. PRAAT is software written and maintained by Paul Boersma and David Weenink from the University of Amsterdam. The findings show that there are 26 processes, namely lateral substitution, flap substitution, palatal fronting, onset deletion, velarization, cluster reduction, velar fronting, approximats substitution, affricates substitution, devoicing, favorite sound, voicing, nasalization, consonant vowel interaction, nasal simplification, vowel lowring, other harmony patterns (labial targeting coronal, labial targeting dorsal, coronal targeting dorsal), /s/-clusters, harmony targeting coronal, positional variation, syllable deletion, fricativization, final consonant deletion, reduplication, coda cluster simplification, and vowel raising. Late talkers employ velar fronting (41%), lateral substitution (40%), and cluster reduction (19%). The conclusion from this research is that late talkers employ 26 different processes and the process preferred by late talkers is changing velar consonants (k, g, ŋ) into alveolar consonants (t, d, s, z, n, l, r).
22
CUTTER, CATHERINE N. "The Effectiveness of Triclosan-Incorporated Plastic against Bacteria on Beef Surfaces†." Journal of Food Protection 62, no. 5 (1999): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-62.5.474.
Full textAbstract:
Triclosan is a nonionic, broad-spectrum, antimicrobial agent that has been incorporated into a variety of personal hygiene products, including hand soaps, deodorants, shower gels, mouthwashes, and toothpastes. In this study, plastic containing 1,500 ppm of triclosan was evaluated in plate overlay assays and meat experiments as a means of reducing populations of bacteria. Plate overlay assays indicated that the triclosan-incorporated plastic (TIP) inhibited the following organisms: Brochothrix thermosphacta ATCC 11509, Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 12598, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and several strains of E. coli O157:H7. In meat experiment 1, irradiated, lean beef surfaces inoculated with B. thermosphacta, Salmonella Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, or B. subtilis were covered with TIP, vacuum packaged, and stored for 24 h at 4°C. Of the organisms tested, only populations of B. thermosphacta were slightly reduced. In meat experiment 2, prerigor beef surfaces were inoculated with E. coli O157: H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, or B. thermosphacta incubated at 4°C for 24 h, wrapped in TIP or control plastic, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4°C for up to 14 days. There was a slight reduction in the population of the organisms after initial application with TIP. However, bacterial populations following long-term, refrigerated (4°C), vacuum-packaged storage up to 14 days were not statistically (P≤ 0.05) or numerically different than controls. In meat experiment 3, even TIP-wrapped, vacuum-packaged beef samples that were temperature abused at 12°C did not exhibit significant (P ≤ 0.05) or sustainable reductions after 14 days of 4°C storage. Another study indicated that populations of E. coli O157:H7 or B. thermosphacta added directly to TIP were not affected after 2 h of refrigerated storage or that the antimicrobial activity could be extracted from the plastic. Additional experiments suggest that presence of fatty acids or adipose may diminish the antimicrobial activity of TIP on meat surfaces. This study demonstrates that while antimicrobial activity is detected against bacterial cultures in antimicrobial plate assays, plastic containing 1,500 ppm of triclosan does not effectively reduce bacterial populations on refrigerated, vacuum-packaged meat surfaces.
23
Bartolucci, Pablo, Laura Bencheikh, Meghan Perkins, et al. "New Insights into VOC Incidence By Analyzing the Single Cell Quantification of HbF per RBC and Mchbs." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (2023): 5272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-184758.
Full textAbstract:
Vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC), the main complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), is responsible for more than 50% of the associated deaths. The effect of hydroxyurea, the cornerstone treatment for SCD, on the occurrence of VOC is mainly mediated by increasing HbF levels, which is a protective factor by inhibiting hemoglobin S (HbS) polymerization. 1,2 However, HbF level is variable between patients, and its expression is heterogeneous among the red blood cell (RBC) population. 3 As a result, while an increase in HbF levels is associated with better survival, %HbF only partially explains patients' clinical manifestations. The protective effect of HbF is also related to the HbS content; the more HbS, the more HbF is needed to inhibit its polymerization. In this study, we wondered if the single-cell quantification of HbF that we developed could better explain the VOC incidence of SCD compared to %HbF. Patients and method We analyzed data from the FCDREP1 protocol, aiming to obtain a predictive score for VOC at 1 year. Inclusion criteria were SS and S- S-b 0 Thal SCD patients, more than 1 month after a vaso-occlusive crisis, 3 months after a transfusion, and on a stable dose of hydroxyurea (HU) for at least 3 months. After giving their consent (IRB no. 00003835) during a routine blood sampling visit, an additional sample was taken for HbF single cell quantification, providing HbF/cell distribution. VOC were collected prospectively for 1 year. HbF single cell quantification was measured by flow cytometry using a previously published protocol, 4 data are expressed as histograms representing % RBC in each HbF range in pg for the whole cluster. K-means clustering was performed on different combination of variables containing ranges of HbF/cell distribution versus %HbF, with MCHbS (MCH x %HbS) using UMAP for dimensionality reduction (into 2), after we applied Min-Max scaling to preprocess the features, with python 3 on sklearn and umap library. This clustering approach can group data points based on their similarity, providing insights into distinct patterns or subgroups within the dataset. Results One hundred two patients were included with a mean age of 38 ± 11 years, a sex ratio F/M of 0.56, 63% of patients were on HU. Patients had a total of 74 VOC with a mean of 0.71 ± 1.4 VOC per patient in the year. Analyses were performed finding 4 different clusters in different 2 groups. Group 1: clusters identified by the association of HbF/cell distribution and MCHbS (HbF/Cell) and Group 2: clusters identified by %HbF and MCHbS (%HbF). Clusters were numbered according to increasing HbF levels (Figure 1A and B). There was no significant difference in age or sex ratio between the groups whereas the percentage of patients on HU differed between groups (Figure 1F). The number of patients by cluster was also similar. Cluster analysis of Group 1 showed a decrease in VOC incidence (Figure 1E, blue bars) associated with an increase in HbF level per RBC (Figure 1A). If clusters 1 and 2 are similar regarding the % of HU-treated patients, cluster 1 shows a lower HbF/cell content (Figure 1A) but lower MCHbS and MCH (Figure 1C and 1D), possibly explaining a similar VOC incidence in the 2 clusters. With a higher % of HU-treated (Figure 1F), Cluster 3 and 4 stand out from each other by different HbF expression patterns and VOC incidence (Figure 1A). The clusters of group 2 does not show the same increasing incidence of VOC as a function of median %HbF (Figure 1B and E). If cluster 4, mostly treated with HU, corresponds to patients with high %HbF and low VOC; cluster 1, with little HU treatment and very low %HbF, has few VOCs, not explained by MCHbS. The difference in severity between clusters 2 and 3, which have the same percentage of HU, could be explained by the greater difference in %HbF distribution, with median %HbF values of 11.8 [5-14] and 13.8 [11-15] (p=0.06) respectively, as well as by the low MCHbS of cluster 3. Conclusion : Single cell quantification of HbF in RBC in association with MCHbS could help improve to better understand VOC incidence.
24
Datla, Venkata Divya Durga, Lakshman Varma Uppalapati, Hema Prakash Kumari Pilli, et al. "Effect of ultrasonic and Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation protocol on dual-species root canal biofilm removal: An in vitro study." Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics 27, no. 6 (2024): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcde.jcde_126_24.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the disinfecting efficacy of a standardized irrigating solution activated by ultrasonics or laser irradiation on mature dual-species biofilms at different root levels in vitro. Materials and Methods: Conventional access cavity preparations were done on 160 single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth with single canals. Freshly extracted oral microbial strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, and Candida albicans after biochemical confirmation were used to generate two discrete dual-species microbial inoculums. The sterilized tooth samples were randomly segregated into two groups (n = 80) and inoculated with a mixed inoculum of S. aureus + E. faecalis strains (Group 1) and S. mutans + C. albicans strains (Group 2), respectively. Following the 21-day incubation period under aerobic conditions, the infected specimens in each group were divided into four subgroups (n = 20) and subjected to experimental treatment protocols. This included a positive control (no treatment of biofilms), syringe irrigation alone with TruNatomy needle, passive ultrasonically activated irrigation with 20# Irrisafe tip, and laser agitation of irrigant with Er,Cr:YSGG laser using RFT 2 laser tip. Root canals of experimental specimens (except the control samples) are instrumented with TruNatomy rotary file system using 1:1 mixture of 3% NaOCl and 18% etidronic acid as irrigants. The quantitative assessment of reduction in viable biofilm microbes after treatment was done using colony-forming unit counts and confocal laser scanning microscopy image analysis. The obtained data were analyzed statistically with a significant level set at 0.05. Results: Laser-assisted irrigation has shown a considerably higher mean percentage reduction of microbes compared to ultrasonic agitation and the syringe irrigation showed the least microbial reduction (P = 0.001). No significant difference was noted between the three root regions of ultrasonic and laser groups (P > 0.05), whereas in the syringe groups, apical portions showed higher microbial counts compared to cervical and mid-root regions (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Erbium laser-assisted irrigation has performed superior to ultrasonic agitation against both the experimental dual-species biofilms, while the syringe irrigation showed the least microbial reduction specifically at apical root portions.
25
Lattimer, Christopher R., Vassilios Zymvragoudakis, George Geroulakos, and Evi Kalodiki. "Venous Thromboprophylaxis With Neuromuscular Stimulation: Is It Calf Muscle Pumping or Just Twitches and Jerks?" Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis 24, no. 3 (2017): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1076029617726601.
Full textAbstract:
The common peroneal nerve stimulator (CPNS) is a UK–approved device for reducing venous thromboembolism risk. It resembles a wrist watch and is placed over the common peroneal nerve to fire at 1 electrical impulse/sec. The aim was to quantify the claim that it drives the venous muscle pump and imitates walking. Twelve healthy volunteers performed 10 tip-toe maneuvers and 10 ankle dorsiflexions to imitate walking movements. The reductions in calf volume were recorded using air plethysmography (APG). The common peroneal nerve was stimulated for over 10 seconds at each of the 7 increasing electrical impulse settings, and the volume reductions were measured for comparison. The results are expressed as median (interquartile range) absolute (mL), and percentage reduction in calf volume. Tip-toe and dorsiflexion pumping maneuvers were not significantly different: 59 (33.6-96.1), 81.9% vs 51.4 (34-68.5), 59.7%, respectively ( P = .53). However, they both outperformed the CPNS: 10.8 (7.3-18), 13.2% at P = .002 and P = .002, respectively. Qualitatively, the CPNS registered on the tracings as a small spike (muscle twitch) at low settings, with larger amplitudes (ankle jerk) at higher settings. The CPNS activity spikes were discrete, lasting a median (range) of 0.24 (0.16- .3) seconds. The claim that the CPNS empties veins by pumping is supported statistically. However, the amount is small versus the tip-toe and dorsiflexion maneuvers. Furthermore, the CPNS has a short activity profile on the APG trace. Innovations that produce sustained contraction and involve the posterior calf compartments may improve pumping.
26
Rahman, Rezki, J. Junaidi, and Nurul Fiskia Gamayanti. "Pengelompokkan kabupaten/kota di Pulau Sulawesi berdasarkan indikator indeks khusus penanganan stunting menggunakan Gaussian mixture model." Majalah Ilmiah Matematika dan Statistika 23, no. 2 (2023): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/mims.v23i2.36389.
Full textAbstract:
Stunting or is a condition of growth failure in children under five years old (toddlers) who are malnourished. Children are called stunted if their height is below minus two standard deviations. The Special Index for Handling Stunting (IKPS) is one of the main indicators used as a measure of the achievement of handling the reduction in stunting rates. In implementing the 2024 development goals, namely setting a national stunting target that can decrease to 14%, it is necessary to identify based on the characteristics of a special index for handling stunting in each region. Method of Gaussian Mixture Model is a grouping with models that function to group a certain amount of data into a Gaussian distribution with mean and variance parameters. The main idea of model-based grouping is that object grouping is done using probabilities. This study was conducted with the aim of obtaining the results of grouping regencies/cities on Sulawesi Island based on the Special Index Indicator for Handling Stunting. The results of the study obtained different volume and shape models, coordinate axis orientation (VVI) with 4 optimum cluster. Cluster 1 with a low stunting handling index contains 24 districts/cities, cluster 2 with a medium stunting handling index contains 21 districts/cities, cluster 3 with a high stunting handling index contains 13 districts/cities, cluster 4 with a very high stunting handling index contains 23 districts/cities.Keywords: Four optimum cluster, low, medium, high and very highMSC2020: 62A09
27
Rezk, Adel A., Mohamed M. El-Malky, Heba I. Mohamed, Ahmed H. Ismail, and Othman Al-Dossary. "Impact of Climate Changes to Adaptability of Some Rice Germplasm (Oryza sativa L.) Under High Temperature through Quantitative Traits and Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) Marker." Romanian Agricultural Research 42 (2025): 484–98. https://doi.org/10.59665/rar4242.
Full textAbstract:
The main objective is to study the effect of heat stress on some quantitative traits of 26 different rice genotypes. The results showed that heat stress caused significantly decreased (p≤0.01) in days to maturity, plant height, flag leaf area, tillers plant-1, panicles plant-1, 1000-grain weight, filled grains panicle-1, sterility %, and grain yield plant-1 traits. Among the 26 cultivars studied, 14 exhibited a high grain yield plant-1. The top-performing genotypes were IR72, IR28, Dular, IR82, and Giza178, with yields of 23.27 g, 22.80 g, 21.60 g, 21.20 g, and 21.17 g, respectively. The reduction in yield compared to the normal growing conditions ranged from 26.87% for Hasswi-2 to 47.89% for Giza178. All traits under study exhibited the highest heritability broadly, with the coefficient of variation (PCV) values surpassing the genotypic coefficients of variability (GCV) in all characteristics. The cluster analysis was divided into two main groups, based on the different types of rice. Using 18 SSR markers was essential in assessing the genetic diversity of rice genotypes. The analyzed markers produced 137 alleles, averaging 7.61 alleles per locus. A greater number of alleles per locus was observed with the primers RM547, RM209, RM219, RM205, and RM234. All SSR markers had high polymorphism information content (PIC) values, averaging 0.3891. PIC values represent allele diversity and frequency among the types. Rice genotypes were split into two groups using cluster analysis. IR31775-30-3-2-2, IR2037-93-1-3-1-1, IR29, IR65829-28-H-P, Dular, PUSA Basmati 1, and WAB 880-1-32-1-2-P1-HB were the seven rice genotypes in the first group. The second group included four rice genotypes (Hasswi-1, Hasswi-2, Giza178, and IET 1444) that belonged to the Indica-Japonica type and were produced from different origins. In any case, the Hasswi-1 and Hasswi-2 came from closely related parents.
28
Li, Xu, Gangjun Li, and Zhuming Bi. "Digital Twins to Predict Crack Propagation of Sustainable Engineering Materials under Different Loads." Machines 12, no. 2 (2024): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12020125.
Full textAbstract:
Computer-aided engineering (CAE) is an essential tool in a digital twin not only to verify and validate a virtual twin before it is transformed into a physical twin, but also to monitor the use of the physical twin for enhanced sustainability. This paper aims to develop a CAE model for a digital twin to predict the fatigue life of materials. Fatigue damage is represented by the size of a macro-crack that grows with a cluster of micro-cracks subjected to three different loads. The growth angle is related to the maximum circumferential tensile stress, and the growth rate is determined by the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip. The prediction model takes into consideration the main factors, including micro-cracks, crack closures, and initial configurations. Simulations are developed for the growth of macro-cracks with radially distributed micro-cracks and randomly distributed micro-cracks, and we find that (1) the macro-crack in the second case grows faster than that in the first case; (2) a pure shear load affects the macro-crack propagation more than a combined shear and tensile load or a tensional load; (3) the external stresses required to propagate are reduced when the inclination angle of the micro-crack is small and within (−25° < β < 25°); (4) micro-cracks affect the propagating path of the macro-crack and generally guide the direction of propagation. The developed model has been verified and validated experimentally for its effectiveness in predicting the fracture or fatigue damage of a structure.
29
Sabbatini, Paolo, Dana Acimovic, Tommaso Frioni, et al. "Carbon partitioning between shoot organs following early leaf removal." BIO Web of Conferences 13 (2019): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191303002.
Full textAbstract:
In grapevines, basal leaf removal at bloom often induces a reduction of fruit set. The effect is related to a reduction in carbon availability for different plant organs competing for photosynthates. To understand and quantify carbon allocation among major sink organs following the early basal leaf removal, the effect of early basal defoliation was studied in Pinot noir grapevines. The experiment was performed in Michigan, a cool climate viticultural region, and three levels of defoliation were imposed at full bloom: (1) no leaves removed (DF-0); (2) six leaves removed from six basal nodes (DF-6); and (3) ten leaves removed from ten basal nodes (DF-10). A week after the defoliation treatment, 13C pulsing was executed to the defoliated shoots. Photosynthesis (Pn), carbon distribution, fruit set, vine performance and basic fruit composition were measured. LR treatments induced higher Pn when compared to LR-0. The highest 13C allocation (%) was recorded in the shoot apex of the LR-10 treatment and LR-10 had the lowest percentage of 13C transported to the cluster, with a reduced fruit set of about 60% when compared to LR-0. The severity of leaf removal reduced significantly fruit set and increased shoot apex sink strength at the expense of the cluster.
30
van der Weijden, V. A., J. T. Bick, S. Bauersachs, et al. "Uterine fluid proteome changes during diapause and resumption of embryo development in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)." Reproduction 158, no. 1 (2019): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-19-0022.
Full textAbstract:
The uterine microenvironment during pre-implantation presents a pro-survival milieu and is essential for embryo elongation in ruminants. The European roe deer (Careolus capreolus) pre-implantation embryo development is characterised by a 4-month period of reduced development, embryonic diapause, after which the embryo rapidly elongates and implants. We investigated the uterine fluid proteome by label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry at four defined stages covering the phase of reduced developmental pace (early diapause, mid-diapause and late diapause) and embryo elongation. We hypothesised that embryo development during diapause is halted by the lack of signals that support progression past the blastocyst stage. Three clusters of differentially abundant proteins were identified by a self-organising tree algorithm: (1) gradual reduction over development; (2) stable abundance during diapause, followed by a sharp rise at elongation; and (3) gradual increase over development. Proteins in the different clusters were subjected to gene ontology analysis. ‘Cellular detoxification’ in cluster 1 was represented by alcohol dehydrogenase, glutathione S-transferase and peroxiredoxin-2. ATP-citrate synthase, nucleolin, lamin A/C, and purine phosphorylase as cell proliferation regulators were found in cluster 2 and ‘cortical cytoskeleton’, ‘regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading’ and ‘melanosome’ were present in cluster 3. Cell cycle promoters were higher abundant at elongation than during diapause, and polyamines presence indicates their role in diapause regulation. This study provides a comprehensive overview of proteins in the roe deer uterine fluid during diapause and forms a basis for studies aiming at understanding the impact of the lack of cell cycle promoters during diapause.
31
Boselli, A., M. Fossati, L. Ferrarese, et al. "A Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE)." Astronomy & Astrophysics 614 (June 2018): A56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201732407.
Full textAbstract:
The Virgo Environmental Survey Tracing Ionised Gas Emission (VESTIGE) is a blind narrow-band (NB) Hα+[NII] imaging survey carried out with MegaCam at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope. The survey covers the whole Virgo cluster region from its core to one virial radius (104 deg2). The sensitivity of the survey is of f(Hα) ~ 4 × 10−17 erg s−1 cm−2 (5σ detection limit) for point sources and Σ(Hα) ~ 2 × 10−18 erg s−1 cm−2 arcsec−2 (1σ detection limit at 3 arcsec resolution) for extended sources, making VESTIGE the deepest and largest blind NB survey of a nearby cluster. This paper presents the survey in all its technical aspects, including the survey design, the observing strategy, the achieved sensitivity in both the NB Hα+[NII] and in the broad-band r filter used for the stellar continuum subtraction, the data reduction, calibration, and products, as well as its status after the first observing semester. We briefly describe the Hα properties of galaxies located in a 4 × 1 deg2 strip in the core of the cluster north of M87, where several extended tails of ionised gas are detected. This paper also lists the main scientific motivations for VESTIGE, which include the study of the effects of the environment on galaxy evolution, the fate of the stripped gas in cluster objects, the star formation process in nearby galaxies of different type and stellar mass, the determination of the Hα luminosity function and of the Hα scaling relations down to ~106 M⊙ stellar mass objects, and the reconstruction of the dynamical structure of the Virgo cluster. This unique set of data will also be used to study the HII luminosity function in hundreds of galaxies, the diffuse Hα+[NII] emission of the Milky Way at high Galactic latitude, and the properties of emission line galaxies at high redshift.
32
Kushkevych, Ivan, Daryna Abdulina, Jozef Kováč, et al. "Adenosine-5′-Phosphosulfate- and Sulfite Reductases Activities of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria from Various Environments." Biomolecules 10, no. 6 (2020): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10060921.
Full textAbstract:
A comparative study of the kinetic characteristics (specific activity, initial and maximum rate, and affinity for substrates) of key enzymes of assimilatory sulfate reduction (APS reductase and dissimilatory sulfite reductase) in cell-free extracts of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) from various biotopes was performed. The material for the study represented different strains of SRB from various ecotopes. Microbiological (isolation and cultivation), biochemical (free cell extract preparation) and chemical (enzyme activity determination) methods served in defining kinetic characteristics of SRB enzymes. The determined affinity data for substrates (i.e., sulfite) were 10 times higher for SRB strains isolated from environmental (soil) ecotopes than for strains from the human intestine. The maximum rate of APS reductase reached 0.282–0.862 µmol/min×mg−1 of protein that is only 10 to 28% higher than similar initial values. The maximum rate of sulfite reductase for corrosive relevant collection strains and SRB strains isolated from heating systems were increased by 3 to 10 times. A completely different picture was found for the intestinal SRB Vmax in the strains Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7 (0.67 µmol/min × mg−1 protein) and Desulfomicrobium orale Rod-9 (0.45 µmol/min × mg−1 protein). The determinant in the cluster distribution of SRB strains is the activity of the terminal enzyme of dissimilatory sulfate reduction—sulfite reductase, but not APS reductase. The data obtained from the activity of sulfate reduction enzymes indicated the adaptive plasticity of SRB strains that is manifested in the change in enzymatic activity.
33
Emoghene, B. O., M. Idu, C. R. Eke, and O. Asemota. "Effects Of Different Sterilization Regimes & Growth Regulators On Micropropagation Of Female Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)." Nigerian Journal of Biotechnology 37, no. 1 (2020): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njb.v37i1.17.
Full textAbstract:
The success of in vitro culture techniques is always hampered by microbial contamination. The present study was carried out to develop an efficient protocol for date palm explants sterilization for successful somatic embryos induction and plantlets formation of some date palm varieties. The shoot tips were treated with different sterilizing agents at different concentrations and durations of exposure. The use of ethanol (70%), sodium hypochlorite (3.5% & 70%) and mercuric chloride (0.2%) with or without addition of Tween-20 had different effects on decontamination of the date palm explants. The percentage of explants contaminated with bacteria for sterilants 1, 2 and 4 was 18.8%, 6.3% and 6.3% respectively while 25%, 37.5%, 31.25% and 6.25% were contaminated with fungi for sterilants 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Under the conditions used, a combination of antioxidants (Citric and Ascorbic acids at 100mg/l), 0.2% mercuric chloride and 3.5% sodium hypochlorite solution with 3 drops/100ml of Tween-20 helped in the reduction of chlorosis, contamination and die-back in the shoot tip explants. The explants were further cultured in appropriate media for callus initiation and subsequent somatic embryo induction. Optimal embryogenic callus was obtained from the shoot explant of sterilant number 4 which had the minimal contamination and die-back of all the cultures. After 3 subcultures, the somatic embryos formed were multiplied for shoot development. From this study, we established that the use of appropriate surface sterilant at suitable concentration and duration of exposure of date palm explant to it is indispensable for maximum responses of in vitro cultures.
 Keywords: Date palm, Microbial contamination, Sterilizing agents, in vitro, Somatic embryos
34
Buonanno, R., A. Buzzoni, C. E. Corsi, F. Fusi Pecci, and A. R. Sandage. "High Precision Photometry of 10,000 Stars in M 3." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 126 (1988): 621–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900043345.
Full textAbstract:
A new color-magnitude diagram for M 3 is presented. 10,000 stars have been measured down to V = 22 with an internal accuracy better than 0.03 mag to get complete and very accurate samples over well defined areas.More than 10,000 stars have been measured down to V = 22 in two different areas. In the first, with 3.5 < r < 6.0 arcmin, photometric completeness has been achieved down to V = 21.5 and an algorithm to correct for losses due to unrecoverable crowding and blending has been experimentally computed. In the second, within a square field of 15 × 15 arcmin, completeness has been extended only to V = 18, well below the horizontal branch.Many tests made on the data guarantee an internal photometric accuracy better than 0.03 mag at V = 21. Therefore, both the total population of each branch and the relative star-number ratios are “bona fide” representatives of the corresponding evolutionary time-scales. Here we simply present: 1) the color-magnitude diagram (see Fig. 1) obtained from the reduction of a wide collection of Palomar plates; 2) a table which presents the contribution of the various branches to the integrated cluster light; 3) the preliminary indication that, within the annulus we have considered, the blue stragglers seem to be slightly less centrally concentrated than the subgiants in the same magnitude interval.
35
Redondo, Natalia, Arthur L. Cantos, Jose Luis Graña, Marina J. Muñoz-Rivas, and K. Daniel O’Leary. "Treatment-Induced Changes in Undercontrolled and Overcontrolled Anger Subtypes of Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence and 5-Year Recidivism." Criminal Justice and Behavior 46, no. 12 (2019): 1700–1718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854819879201.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines different types of partner-violent males based on anger profiles. A cluster analysis of 483 self-reports completed by partner-violent men using the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2) identified two clusters of Undercontrolled and Overcontrolled anger profiles. The Undercontrolled men presented with higher pre-intervention scores than Overcontrolled men on Borderline Personality Organization, psychopathic traits, impulsiveness, physical aggression, verbal aggression, alcohol use, and partner-abusive behavior. Following completion of a cognitive-behavioral therapy program, there was a significant reduction in intimate partner violence for both subtypes, although Undercontrolled individuals continued to present more frequent psychological aggression and dominant and jealous tactics. Recidivism was predicted by pretreatment levels of hostility and treatment completion. Men with greater pretreatment to posttreatment changes in anger control were less likely to recidivate at 1, 3, and 5 years after treatment. The results suggest that perpetrators with different profiles would benefit from different types of intervention.
36
Aydoğdu, Burcu, Mehmet Aytar, and İlkay Ünal. "Comparison of Characteristics and Antimicrobial Activity of Synthesized Zinc Oxide And Magnetite Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Four Different Plant Extracts." Cumhuriyet Science Journal 45, no. 1 (2024): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17776/csj.1370606.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to synthesize Zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnetite ıron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles utilizing a precipitation method, employing plant extracts from Ocimum basilica(1), Cinnamomum zeylanicum(2), Lactarius salmonicolor(3) and Paeonia kesrouanensis(4) as reduction and stabilizing agents. Additionally, the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles against both gram-positive (S. aureus, ATCC 25923) and gram-negative (E. coli, ATCC 25922; P. aeroginosa, PAO1), bacteria as well as fungus (C. albicans 90028) was evaluated. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterised by various analyses, including TEM, SEM, XRD, FTIR, DSL, and zeta potential. Based on the TEM image, the ZnONPs exhibited a cluster of flower-like structures, whereas the Fe3O4NPs displayed a spherical shape with a varying size distribution. The zeta potential values for ZnO NPs ranged from -5.35 to -16.9, while for Fe3O4NPs ranged from -7.43 to -20.7. All ZnO nanoparticles exhibited antimicrobial activity exclusively against the S. aureus strain, whereas Fe3O4NPs did not demonstrate any antibacterial effect.
37
Kubo, S., S. Nakayamada, Y. Miyazaki, et al. "OP0203 IMMUNOPHENOTYPING OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS STRATIFIES FIVE GROUPS THAT HAVE DIFFERENT RESPONSES TO MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPIES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (2023): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.914.
Full textAbstract:
BackgroundDifferent molecular targeted therapies affect immune cell phenotypes and signals differently due to their modes of action[1]. Theoretically, it is possible to use these drugs based on a stratification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. However, despite innovations in the treatment of RA, precision medicine with the development and application of personalized treatments by molecular targeted therapy is still far from its achievement. At least, precision medicine by a single biomarker is not known to be possible[2].ObjectivesTo investigate the possibility of precision medicine based on the immune phenotype of peripheral blood, we stratified RA patients by comprehensive flow cytometric immunophenotyping and evaluated the response to targeted therapy.MethodsThis study enrolled 96 healthy controls (HC) and 533 bio-naive RA patients with moderate to severe disease activity acording to CDAI. The Human Immunology Project, a NIH/FOCIS-developed flow cytometric immune cell profiling method on T cells, B cells, NK cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes, was used to stratify the patients using cluster analysis (Ward and UMAP methods). Inverse probability weighting with propensity scores was used to control for patient characteristics and CDAI was used to measure remission achievement after 6 months of targeted molecular therapy for each stratified subgroup.ResultsThe mean age was 63.5 years old, and the disease activity was CDAI 27.1. In comparison to HC, CD4 T cell differentiation was noticeably affected in RA patients, with elevated effector T cells and effector memory T cells re-expressing CD45RA (TEMRA). Meanwhile, there was no meaningful change in the proportion of Th1, Th17, Treg, and Tfh cells as well as B cells, NK cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells subpopulations. Cluster analysis of the immunophenotypes revealed five main groups of RA patients, with roughly equal numbers of patients in each group. When dimension reduction of their immunophenotypes was performed by UMAP, these groups were clearly separated (Figure 1). One of the five groups had an immunophenotype almost identical to that of healthy controls (cluster 1), two groups were moderately different (clusters 2 and 3), and the last two groups had phenotypes characteristic of RA with little overlap with healthy controls (clusters 4 and 5). These 2 groups were accompanied by a marked increase in TEMRA with increased effector memory T cells (cluster 4) and with increased Th1 (cluster 5). There were few differences in baseline clinical findings such as disease activity and ACPA/RF among the groups. Of note, the clinical efficacy of each targeted therapy was statistically different in each group. In the group with immunophenotypes similar to those of healthy subjects (cluster 1) and the moderately different group (cluster 2), JAK inhibitors and IL-6R antibody treatment were effective, while TNF inhibitors were effective in another moderately different group (cluster 3). CTLA4-Ig and TNF inhibitors were effective in the two groups with phenotypes characteristic of RA (clusters 4 and 5). Immunophenotyping after treatment revealed that the first three groups became comparable to the HC phenotype. However, TEMRA dominancy groups (clusters 4 and 5) remained elevated in TEMRA. Interestingly, CTLA4-Ig decreased the proportion of TEMRA.ConclusionRA patients can be stratified into five groups, each of which benefited from different molecular targeted therapies. The increase in CD4 TEMRA in peripheral blood was significant in RA patients, and the proportion was virtually unchanged with treatment. Thus, CD4 TEMRA could be the pathogenic memory cells in RA. Our results may be a milestone in achieving precision medicine.References[1]Nakayamada S, Kubo S, et al. Differential effects of biological DMARDs on peripheral immune cell phenotypes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 57(1): 164-74.[2]Lin CMA, et al. Precision medicine: the precision gap in rheumatic disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18(12): 725-33.AcknowledgementsThe author thanks Ms. N. Sakaguchi for the excellent technical assistance, and thanks all medical staff at all participating medical facilities for providing the data.Disclosure of InterestsSatoshi Kubo Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myers, and GlaxoSmithKline, Grant/research support from: Daiichi-Sankyo, Abbvie, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Astellas., Shingo Nakayamada Speakers bureau: Bristol-Myers, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Astellas, Asahi-Kasei, Sanofi, Abbvie, Eisai, Chugai, Gilead, Boehringer Ingelheim, Grant/research support from: Mitsubishi-Tanabe, Yusuke Miyazaki Speakers bureau: Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Grant/research support from: GlaxoSmithKline, YUYA FUJITA: None declared, Ryuichiro Kanda: None declared, Katsuhide Kusaka: None declared, Yasuyuki Todoroki: None declared, Hiroko Miyata: None declared, Koshiro Sonomoto: None declared, Shunsuke Fukuyo: None declared, Kentaro Hanami: None declared, Yoshiya Tanaka Speakers bureau: Behringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Abbvie, Gilead, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers, Chugai, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Pfizer, Mitsubishi-Tanabe, GlaxoSmithKline, Grant/research support from: Asahi-Kasei, Abbvie, Chugai, Eisai, Takeda, Daiichi-Sankyo, Behringer-Ingelheim.
38
Ding, Shuqi, Dan Zhang, Ying Hao, et al. "Differences in Physiological and Agronomic Traits and Evaluation of Adaptation of Seven Maize Varieties." Biology 13, no. 12 (2024): 977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology13120977.
Full textAbstract:
To better understand the growth adaptability of various maize varieties to the climate of the Alar region in Southern Xinjiang Province, an experiment was conducted using seven distinct maize varieties as test materials. A one-way randomized block design was applied to both experimental groups. In 2021 and 2022, a total of 19 indicators were observed for comparative analysis, including antioxidant enzyme activities and agronomic traits. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the adaptability of the maize varieties. The findings revealed that: (1) All seven maize varieties exhibited robust growth, with notable differences in their respective trait profiles. Specifically, the yield traits of Jin’ai 588 and Denghai 3672 showed relatively consistent performance over the two-year period. (2) Five principal components (100-kernel weight, bald tip length, catalase (CAT), number of leaves, and angle of leaf pinch at the ear) were extracted from the 19 traits via principal component analysis, with a cumulative contribution rate of 84.689%. This represented the majority of the information regarding the seven maize varieties. After calculating the comprehensive index F value, the results indicated that Xinyu 66 and Denghai 3672 had high composite scores, suggesting high production potential and suitability for cultivation in this region. Conversely, Xinyu 24 showed the lowest composite score, indicating that it is not suitable for planting in this area. (3) Ultimately, the seven maize varieties were categorized into three groups through cluster analysis; this is the same as the result of principal component analysis. This classification provides a reference for the promotion and utilization of different varieties in the southern border region and aims to optimize the comprehensive trait selection of the varieties studied.
39
Mendez, Maikel, Luis-Alexander Calvo-Valverde, and José-Andrés Araya-Obando. "Dimensionality Reduction of the CORDEX-CA GCM-RCM Multimodel-ensemble on Precipitation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering (HC)." E3S Web of Conferences 566 (2024): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202456601004.
Full textAbstract:
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering (HC) were applied to reduce the dimensionality of a 19-member multimodel-ensemble combining different General Circulation Models (GCMs) and Regional Climate Models (RCMs) as part of the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) for the Central America domain (CA). A subset of 12 Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) was selected to evaluate the performance of each ensemble-member on precipitation against daily observational data from the Juan Santamaría International Airport (SJO), located in Alajuela, Costa Rica for the baseline period 1971-2000. The ETCCDI indices are designed to measure and quantify climate variability and associated trends. Results from the PCA analysis indicate that over 95% of the variance can be explained by the first three principal components (PC-1 through PC-3), showing high correlations, strong contributions and fair representation of most ETCCDI indices. HC clustering on the other hand, groups ensemble-members into 4 closely related clusters of common attributes (cluster-1 through cluster-4), with models ranging from dry to wet patterns. Afterwards, ensemble-members were sampled from each cluster to generate a sub-ensemble of representative simulations, reducing the original ensemble from 19 to 5 members, while still retaining its fundamental characteristics. Later, two multi-model ensemble-means (MEMs), one using the entire ensemble and the other using the 5-member subset were generated and their performance evaluated by means of five objective functions (nRMSE, MBE, MDA, PBIAS and MAE) against the observational dataset for the reference period. Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between both MEMs, implying that the applied techniques are effective in reducing dimensionality, preventing double-counting of highly dependent simulations, and consequently reducing the associated computational costs. Ultimately however, both MEMs noticeably overestimate seasonal precipitation during the reference period, suggesting the need for applying bias correction (BC) techniques prior to their use in impact assessment studies at local levels.
40
Dolezal, Tomas, Michal Gazi, Michal Zurovec, and Peter J. Bryant. "Genetic Analysis of theADGFMultigene Family by Homologous Recombination and Gene Conversion in Drosophila." Genetics 165, no. 2 (2003): 653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/165.2.653.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractMany Drosophila genes exist as members of multigene families and within each family the members can be functionally redundant, making it difficult to identify them by classical mutagenesis techniques based on phenotypic screening. We have addressed this problem in a genetic analysis of a novel family of six adenosine deaminase-related growth factors (ADGFs). We used ends-in targeting to introduce mutations into five of the six ADGF genes, taking advantage of the fact that five of the family members are encoded by a three-gene cluster and a two-gene cluster. We used two targeting constructs to introduce loss-of-function mutations into all five genes, as well as to isolate different combinations of multiple mutations, independent of phenotypic consequences. The results show that (1) it is possible to use endsin targeting to disrupt gene clusters; (2) gene conversion, which is usually considered a complication in gene targeting, can be used to help recover different mutant combinations in a single screening procedure; (3) the reduction of duplication to a single copy by induction of a double-strand break is better explained by the single-strand annealing mechanism than by simple crossing over between repeats; and (4) loss of function of the most abundantly expressed family member (ADGF-A) leads to disintegration of the fat body and the development of melanotic tumors in mutant larvae.
41
Yu, Zejun, Guanhua Qu, Zhixin Li, Yao Wang, and Lei Ren. "Carbon Emission Composition and Carbon Reduction Potential of Coastal Villages under Low-Carbon Background." Buildings 13, no. 12 (2023): 2925. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122925.
Full textAbstract:
Rural buildings have high optimization potential as a major source of carbon emissions. However, the current research on carbon reduction in rural buildings is rough and lacks categorization and geographic studies. Coastal villages are more economically developed than other types of villages and have greater potential for energy saving. Therefore, this study takes the carbon emission data of buildings and life in 409 villages in typical coastal provinces of China as the basis and proposes optimization strategies for carbon reduction in coastal village buildings via cluster analysis and correlation analysis. The results show that the carbon emission characteristics of coastal villages can be categorized into three scenarios: for scenario 1, villages, their population, and village cultivated area are the core influencing factors of carbon emission, while for scenarios 2 and 3, the most central influencing factors are coal and electricity consumption. Therefore, different types of villages should be guided differently when studying carbon sinks and carbon emission projections in coastal villages. This study aims to establish a low-carbon performance quality assessment and optimization pathway for coastal villages, and the analysis of carbon emission influencing factors and the assessment and optimization provide theoretical support and quantitative methods for the optimization of carbon reduction in villages.
42
Poudel, Ankur, Dhruba Bahadur Thapa, and Manoj Sapkota. "Cluster Analysis of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Based Upon Response to Terminal Heat Stress." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 5, no. 2 (2017): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v5i2.17614.
Full textAbstract:
High temperature stress adversely affects plant physiological processes; limiting plant growth and reducing grain yield. Heat stress is often encountered due to late sowing of wheat in winter. Fifty wheat genotypes were studied for days to maturity, thousand kernel weight, grain filling duration, grain filling rate, and SPAD reading in alpha lattice design at Agriculture and Forestry University at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal with the objective to identify superior heat stress tolerant varieties after clustering them based on their response to heat stress. All the genotypes were clustered using reduction in thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for thousand kernel weight, heat susceptibility index for grain filling duration, area under SPAD retreat curve, maturity duration under normal condition, maturity duration at late sown condition, grain filling rate under normal condition and grain filling rate at late sown condition as variables and dendogram was prepared. UPGMA revealed that these genotypes formed five distinct clusters. The resistant genotypes and susceptible genotypes formed different clusters. The member of cluster 3 was found to be tolerant to terminal heat stress where as members of cluster 2 were found most susceptible to terminal heat stress. From this study genotype BAJ #1/SUP152 was found most tolerant to terminal heat stress. The genotypes belonging to superior cluster could be considered very useful in developing heat tolerant variety and other breeding activities.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(2): 188-193
43
Ouattara, Mamadou, Nana R. Diakité, Patrick K. Yao, et al. "Effectiveness of school-based preventive chemotherapy strategies for sustaining the control of schistosomiasis in Côte d’Ivoire: Results of a 5-year cluster randomized trial." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 1 (2021): e0008845. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008845.
Full textAbstract:
Background Preventive chemotherapy using praziquantel is the mainstay for schistosomiasis control. However, there is little evidence on what is supposed to be the most effective school-based treatment strategy to sustain morbidity control. The aim of this study was to compare differences in Schistosoma mansoni prevalence and infection intensity between three different schedules of school-based preventive chemotherapy in an area with moderate prevalence of S. mansoni in Côte d’Ivoire. Methodology Seventy-five schools were randomly assigned to one of three intervention arms: (i) annual school-based preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel (40 mg/kg) over four years; (ii) praziquantel treatment only in the first two years, followed by two years whithout treatment; and (iii) praziquantel treatment in years 1 and 3 without treatment in-between. Cross-sectional parasitologic surveys were carried out prior to each round of preventive chemotherapy. The difference in S. mansoni prevalence and infection intensity was assessed by multiple Kato-Katz thick smears, among children aged 9–12 years at the time of each survey. First-grade children, aged 5–8 years who had never received praziquantel, were also tested at baseline and at the end of the study. Principal findings Overall, 7,410 children aged 9–12 years were examined at baseline and 7,223 at the final survey. The baseline prevalence of S. mansoni was 17.4%, 20.2%, and 25.2% in arms 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the final year, we observed the lowest prevalence of 10.4% in arm 1, compared to 18.2% in arm 2 and 17.5% in arm 3. The comparison between arms 1 and 2 estimated an odds ratio (OR) of 0.52 but the difference was not statistically significant (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.23–1.16). Likewise the difference between arms 1 and 3 lacked statistical significance (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.23–1.29). There was no noteworthy difference observed between arms 2 and 3 (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.64–1.75). The lowest S. mansoni fecal egg counts in the final year survey were observed in arm 1 (7.9 eggs per gram of stool (EPG)). However, compared with 11.5 EPG in arm 2 and 15.4 EPG in arm 3, the difference lacked statistical significance. There were 4,812 first-grade children examined at baseline and 4,513 in the final survey. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni in these children slightly decreased in arms 1 (from 4.5% to 3.6%) and 2 (from 4.7% to 4.3%), but increased in arm 3 (from 6.8% to 7.9%). However, there was no significant difference in prevalence and infection intensity observed between study arms. Conclusions/significance The three treatment schedules investigated led to a reduction in the prevalence and intensity of S. mansoni infection among children aged 9–12 years. Comparing intervention arms at the end of the study, no statistically significant differences were observed between annual treatement and the other two treatment schedules, neither in reduction of prevalence nor intensity of infection. It is important to combine our results with those of three sister trials conducted simultaneously in other African countries, before final recommendations can be drawn.
44
Lonsdale, Chantelle R., and Kang Sun. "Nitrogen oxides emissions from selected cities in North America, Europe, and East Asia observed by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) before and after the COVID-19 pandemic." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 15 (2023): 8727–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-8727-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) emissions are estimated in three regions in the Northern Hemisphere, generally located in North America, Europe, and East Asia, by calculating the directional derivatives of NO2 column amounts observed by the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) with respect to the horizontal wind vectors. We present monthly averaged emissions from 1 May 2018 to 31 January 2023 to capture variations before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. We focus on a diverse collection of 54 cities, 18 in each region. A spatial resolution of 0.04∘ resolves intracity emission variations and reveals NOx emission hotspots at city cores, industrial areas, and sea ports. For each selected city, post-COVID-19 changes in NOx emissions are estimated by comparing monthly and annually averaged values to the pre-COVID-19 year of 2019. While emission reductions are initially found during the first outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 in most cities, the cities' paths diverge afterwards. We group the selected cities into four clusters according to their normalized annual NOx emissions in 2019–2022 using an unsupervised learning algorithm. All but one of the selected North American cities fall into cluster 1 characterized by weak emission reduction in 2020 (−7 % relative to 2019) and an increase in 2022 by +5 %. Cluster 2 contains mostly European cities and is characterized by the largest reduction in 2020 (−31 %), whereas the selected East Asian cities generally fall into clusters 3 and 4, with the largest impacts in 2022 (−25 % and −37 %). This directional derivative approach has been implemented in object-oriented, open-source Python and is available publicly for high-resolution and low-latency emission estimation for different regions, atmospheric species, and satellite instruments.
45
Garzon, Ramiro, Catherine EA Heaphy, Nicole Stauffer, et al. "Discovery and Functional Implications of a Novel Mir-29b/Mir-29a Polymorphism in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 1975. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.1975.1975.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Abstract 1975 Poster Board I-998 Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with cytogenetics and molecular subtypes of acute myelogeneous leukemia (AML). We have previously shown that miR-29 expression is down-regulated in cytogenetically normal AML (CN-AML) with wild type NPM1 and in t(11q23) primary blasts. Functionally, restoration of miR-29b in AML cell lines and primary samples induces apoptosis and dramatically reduces tumorigenicity in a xenograft leukemia model (Garzon et al, EHA 2008). Despite, these studies supporting a tumor suppressor role of miR-29b in AML, little is known about how miR-29 expression is down-regulated in AML. Since, miRNAs could be target for mutation, here we propose to screen mutations that could affect miR-29 expression and function. Methods: The miR-29 family is comprised of three isoforms arranged in 2 clusters; miR-29b-1 and -a located on chromosome 7q32 and miR-29b-2 and -c located on chromosome 1q23. To screen for mutations, the entire genomic region from blasts of 100 primary AML samples corresponding to the miR-29b-1 and -a cluster, including 200 bp at the 5' and 3' ends was amplified and sequenced using the Applied Biosystems DNA sequencing system. When a deviation from the normal sequence was found, a panel of DNA from the blood of 50 control subjects was screened to identify polymorphisms. Patient characteristics include: CN-AML: 62 (FLT3-ITD 10/43, NPM1 mutated (34/62); inv16: 10; t(8;21): 2; t11q23: 2; complex karyotype (CK): 10; monosomy 7(-7): 7; other cytogenetics: 7. miR-29 expression we performed by miRNA Taqman assays as per manufacturer recommendations. Results: We identified a thymidine (T) base deletion within the miR-29b-1 and -a cluster precursor miRNAs (at -264 bp from the 5' position of miR-29a in chromosome 7q32) in 17/100 patients. The (T) base deletion was observed in 4/10 inv16 and 6/62 CN-AML patients, while the other 7 cases were distributed among CK (2/10), -7 (3/7), 11q23 (1/2) and other cytogenetics (1/7). In 2 patients, normal cells from the buccal mucosa were heterozygous for this abnormality. The frequency of this germline abnormality in the normal population was 16% (8/50 cases). Next, we investigated the miR-29b and -a expression in 35/100 primary AML samples, where RNA was also available. Although miR-29a and -b levels were not significantly different in polymorphism (n=10) versus wild type (WT) (n=35) samples, we observed that the miR-29a/miR-29b ratios were significantly lower in the polymorphism than WT (43.5 vs. 24.9 respectively, P-value=0.007, t-test). To characterize further this abnormality, we cloned the polymorphism harboring miR-29b and -a cluster from 1 patient into p-Retro Super plasmid and transfected into K562 cells (lack miR-29 expression) along with WT and empty vector constructs. Northern blotting after 24-48 hours revealed an accumulation of the precursor miR-29a while the mature miR-29a level was decreased by 2 fold. The level of the mature miR-29b was unchanged. To asses whether this polymorphism affects miR-29 targeting efficiency, we co-transfected a reporter luciferase construct containing the 3' untranslated region of the known miR-29 target, MCL-1 with the WT, empty vector and polymorphism harboring miR-29b and -a cluster and performed luciferase assays. Interestingly, relative normalized luciferase activities were less inhibited with the polymorphism cluster than the WT construct (relative reduction WT:80%, Polym:63%. Likewise, MCL-1 protein down-regulation elicited by the ectopic WT cluster overexpression was stronger than the one observed for the polymorphism harboring cluster (b-actin/MCL-1 rations 0.35 vs 0.48, respectively). Conclusions: Our results identify a novel germline polymorphism within the miR-29b and —a cluster in AML. The frequency of this polymorphism in AML is similar to the normal population. However, the increased frequency observed in the inv16 subgroup (4/10) warrant further confirmation in a large cohort of patients. Functionally, this polymorphism affects the expression ratio of miR-29b and —a by dampening the processing of miR-29a and impacts negatively in the ability of this cluster to target the oncogene MCL-1. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
46
Hayashi, Kenta, Hikaru Kamikawa, Naoto Todoroki, and Toshimasa Wadayama. "WO x /Pt(111) Prepared As PEFC Model Anode Catalyst: Surface Structure and Suppressed Hydrogen Peroxide Generation." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 42 (2022): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02421539mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction To achieve prolonged lifetime of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC), hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2)-induced chemical degradation of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) is a crucial problem. In general, oxygen (O2) crossover from cathode to anode through the PEM yields H2O2 generation on Pt/C anode catalyst surface through 2-electron pathway of O2 reduction reaction. Thus, mitigation of H2O2 generation on Pt/C surface is a key to suppress the PEM degradation. Trogadas and Ramani reported tungsten trioxide (WO3) addition to Pt/C suppressed H2O2 generation.1 The results suggest that the cooperation of Pt nanoparticles and WO3 located near-by should be effective for suppression of H2O2 generation. However, influence of the oxidation states of tungsten oxide (WO x ) on H2O2 generation at the Pt surface is not fully resolved. Furthermore, it was reported that, although fully oxidized WO3 is stable in acid solution (pH < 2),2 sub-oxides of tungsten (WO x ) could dissolve in Pt-WO x electrochemical system.3 Thus, electrochemical dissolution behaviors of WO x located on Pt substrate surface should be investigated in detail. In this study, we prepare Pt(111) surface that modified by WO x having different oxidation states, and investigated the electrochemical H2O2 generations. Experimental Pt(111) single crystal substrate surface was cleaned by repeated cycles of Ar+ sputtering and annealing in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV; ~10-8Pa). Subsequently, WO x was deposited on the cleaned Pt(111) via an arc-plasma deposition (APD) method using a W target under partial pressures of O2 (p(O2) = 1×10-1 or 1×10-3 Pa) at ca. 298 K. Deposition amounts of the WO x was estimated to be ca. 1.5 µg/(cm2 of substrate) by using a quartz crystal microbalance installed in the UHV chamber. Then, WO x -modified Pt(111) were annealed at 703 K for 10 min. in UHV. Hereafter, the fabricated samples are referred to as p(O2)-WO x /Pt(111). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was conducted for the as-fabricated samples in situ in UHV. H2O2 generation amounts were evaluated by the tip generation/substrate collection mode of scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM)4 in O2-saturated 0.1 M HClO4. Generated H2O2 was detected by a Pt tip micro-electrode (diameter: ca. 20 µm, tip potential: 1.26 V vs. RHE) positioned ca. 50 µm at surface normal of the sample electrodes, with sweeping sample electrode potential (E S) at sweep rate of 2 mV/s in negative going direction. Thereafter, potential cycles (PCs: 0.05–1.0 V vs. RHE, sweep rate: 100 mV/s, 100 cycles) were applied to the sample surfaces; then, H2O2 generation was re-evaluated. Finally, the PCs-applied sample surfaces were re-introduced to the UHV chamber to perform XPS measurements. Results and Discussion XP spectra of W4f bands for the as-fabricated and PCs-applied sample surfaces are summarized in Figure. 1 (A). Considering peak areas of deconvoluted components (solid lines), the oxidation states of WO x as-fabricated can be judged mainly to be W6+ and Wx+ (x < 4) for 10-1 Pa-WO x /Pt(111) (a) and 10-3 Pa-WO x /Pt(111) (c), respectively. Figure. 1 (B) shows SECM-estimated H2O2 generations of the WO x /Pt(111) surfaces before (as-fabricated) and after the 100 PCs. As for the as-fabricated surfaces (solid lines), H2O2 detection current (i T) of the Pt tip micro-electrode normalized by respective sample electrode current (i S) is lower for 10-1 Pa-WO x /Pt(111) than 10-3 Pa-WO x /Pt(111), yet normalized i T/|i S|-values for both surfaces are smaller than that of clean Pt(111). The results show that surface modification of Pt(111) by the small amount of WO x , particularly with higher oxidation states, effectively suppressed H2O2 generations. However, the suppression effect degraded by the 100 PCs application for both the electrode surfaces (dotted lines). Compared of W4f bands for the PCs-applied surfaces (Figure. 1 (A) (b, d)) with corresponding as-fabricated ones (a, c), the bands shifted to negative- and positive-binding-energies for 10-1 Pa-WO x /Pt(111) and 10-3 Pa-WO x /Pt(111), respectively, indicating respective reduction and oxidation of the surface WO x by the PCs. In addition, W4f bands for both surfaces decreased in intensity by the PCs application, suggesting decrease in surface amount of the WO x , probably through electrochemical dissolution during the PCs. The PCs-induced changes in oxidation states and amounts of surface WO x should correlate to the degraded H2O2 generation suppressions. Acknowledgement This study was supported by the new energy and industrial technology development organization (NEDO) of Japan, JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP21H01645, and JST SPRING Grant Number JPMJSP2114. References P. Trogadas and V. Ramani, J. Electrochem. Soc., 155, B696–B703 (2008). M. Anik and K. Osseo-Asare, J. Electrochem. Soc., 149, B224 (2002). A. J. Martín, A. M. Chaparro, and L. Daza, J. Power Sources, 196, 4187–4192 (2011). C. M. Sánchez-Sánchez and A. J. Bard, Anal. Chem., 81, 8094–8100 (2009). Figure 1
47
Wang, Zongmin, Huangtaojun Liang, Haibo Yang, Mengyu Li, and Yingchun Cai. "Integration of Multi-Source Landslide Disaster Data Based on Flink Framework and APSO Load Balancing Task Scheduling." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 14, no. 1 (2024): 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi14010012.
Full textAbstract:
As monitoring technologies and data collection methodologies advance, landslide disaster data reflects attributes such as diverse sources, heterogeneity, substantial volumes, and stringent real-time requirements. To bolster the data support capabilities for the monitoring, prevention, and management of landslide disasters, the efficient integration of multi-source heterogeneous data is of paramount importance. The present study proposes an innovative approach to integrate multi-source landslide disaster data by combining the Flink-oriented framework with load balancing task scheduling based on an improved particle swarm optimization (APSO) algorithm. It utilizes Flink’s streaming processing capabilities to efficiently process and store multi-source landslide data. To tackle the issue of uneven cluster load distribution during the integration process, the APSO algorithm is proposed to facilitate cluster load balancing. The findings indicate the following: (1) The multi-source data integration method for landslide disaster based on Flink and APSO proposed in this article, combined with the structural characteristics of landslide disaster data, adopts different integration methods for data in different formats, which can effectively achieve the integration of multi-source landslide data. (2) A multi-source landslide data integration framework based on Flink has been established. Utilizing Kafka as a message queue, a real-time data pipeline was constructed, with Flink facilitating data processing and read/write operations for the database. This implementation achieves efficient integration of multi-source landslide data. (3) Compared to Flink’s default task scheduling strategy, the cluster load balancing strategy based on APSO demonstrated a reduction of approximately 4.7% in average task execution time and an improvement of approximately 5.4% in average system throughput during actual tests using landslide data sets. The research findings illustrate a significant improvement in the efficiency of data integration processing and system performance.
48
Moniruzzaman, M., RM Saiem, RM Emon, et al. "Genetic diversity analysis of soybean genotypes using SSR markers for salinity tolerance." Progressive Agriculture 30, no. 1 (2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v30i1.42051.
Full textAbstract:
Soil salinity is a major constraint to soybean production. Five soybean genotypes were grown in pots with hydroponic culture under control and different salt stressed conditions to observe salt tolerance capacity on the basis of phenotypic screening and measure genetic diversity and relatedness among the genotypes. Minimum effects of salinity on root and shoot length was observed in Binasoyben-3, GC840 and Binasoyben-5at different salt stresses. Root dry weight and shoot dry weight of different soybean genotypes under different salt stresses were depicted. The highest reduction in root weight was noted in Binasoybean-1. The same genotypes were used to assess genetic diversity among them with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 33 alleles were detected among 5 soybean genotypes by using 10SSR markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 3.33 alleles across the 10 loci. Rare alleles were observed at 10 SSR loci with an average of 2.8 alleles per locus. In this experiment, two SSR loci were found to be null alleles. The average values of null allele were 0.2. PIC values ranged from 0.27 in Satt184 to 0.77 in Satt339 with the average value of 0.56.The major allele frequency of the most common allele at each locus ranged from 0.80 in Satt184 to 0.20 in Satt339with a mean frequency of 0.48. The size of the different major alleles at different loci ranged from 173 bp for Satt509 to 407 bp for Satt339. The highest gene diversity (0.80) was observed in loci Satt339 and the lowest gene diversity (0.32) was observed in loci Satt184 with the mean diversity of 0.61. The lowest genetic distance (0.60) was observed in Asset vs Binasoybean-3 and Binasoybean-5 vs Binasoybean-3. The highest genetic distance (1.0) was observed between a numbers of genotype pairs with GC840 vs Asset. The UPGMA cluster analysis led to the grouping of the 5 genotypes into two major clusters. GC840, an advanced line identified to be salt tolerant, together with Binasoybean-5 and Binasoybean-3 clustered in the same sub group. The results from morphological and molecular study suggested that GC840 and Binasoybean-3 are moderately tolerant to salt stress.
 Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 1-9, 2019
49
A., Akın, and Çoban H. "The Effects on Yield and Yield Components of Different Level Cluster Tip Reduction and Foliar Boric Acid Applications on Alphonse Lavallee Grape Cultivar." March 1, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1124137.
Full textAbstract:
This study was carried out to determine the effects of Control (C), 1/3 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/3 CTR), 1/6 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/6 CTR), 1/9 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/9 CTR), 1/3 CTR + Boric Acid (BA), 1/6 CTR + BA, 1/9 CTR + BA applications on yield and yield components of four years old Alphonse Lavallee grape variety (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.) grown on grafted 110 Paulsen rootstock in Konya province in Turkey in the vegetation period in 2015. According to the results, the highest maturity index 21.46 with 1/9 CTR application; the highest grape juice yields 736.67 ml with 1/3 CTR + BA application; the highest L* color value 32.07 with 1/9 CTR application; the highest a* color value 1.74 with 1/9 CTR application; the highest b* color value 3.72 with 1/9 CTR application were obtained. The effects of applications on grape fresh yield, cluster weight and berry weight were not found statistically significant.
50
A., Akin. "The Effects of Different Level Cluster Tip Reduction and Foliar Boric Acid Applications on Yield and Yield Components of Italia Grape Cultivar." February 5, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1129598.
Full textAbstract:
This study was carried out on Italia grape variety (<em>Vitis vinifera </em>L.) in Konya province, Turkey in 2016. The cultivar is five years old and grown on 1103 Paulsen rootstock. It was determined the effects of applications of the Control (C), 1/3 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/3 CTR), 1/6 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/6 CTR), 1/9 Cluster Tip Reduction (1/9 CTR), 1/3 CTR+Boric Acid (BA), 1/6 CTR+BA, 1/9 CTR+BA, on yield and yield components of the Italia grape variety. The results were obtained as the highest fresh grape yield (4.74 g) with 1/9 CTR+BA application; the highest cluster weight (220.08 g) with 1/3 CTR application; the highest 100 berry weight (565.85 g) with 1/9 CTR+BA application; as the highest maturity index (49.28) with 1/9 CTR+BA application; as the highest must yield (685.33 ml/kg) with 1/3 CTR+BA and (685.33 ml/kg) with 1/9 CTR+BA applications. To increase the fresh grape yield, 100 berry weight and maturity index in the Italia grape variety, the 1/9 CTR+BA application can be recommended.