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1
Tripathi, R. P. "Inventory model with different demand rate and different holding cost." International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations 4, no. 3 (2013): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijiec.2013.03.001.
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Uttam, Kumar Khedlekar. "Economic Order Level Inventory Model with Exponential Increasing Demand." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 10 (2018): 457–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467832.
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This paper presented an economic order level inventory model with exponential decreasing demand for deteriorating items. The shortage of items has been considered and optimized. A mathematical inventory model is suggested in the content for a business cycle which starts with shortage and able to place the order according to the demand and customer’s response. This model is applicable in various industries and may significantly increase their productivity and efficiency; this illustrates the effectiveness of model.
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Manna, Prasenjit, Swapan Manna, and Bibhas Giri. "An economic order quantity model with ramp type demand rate, constant deterioration rate and unit production cost." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 26, no. 3 (2016): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor140505020m.
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We have developed an order level inventory system for deteriorating items with demand rate as a ramp type function of time. The finite production rate is proportional to the demand rate and the deterioration rate is independent of time. The unit production cost is inversely proportional to the demand rate. The model with no shortages case is discussed considering that: (a) the demand rate is stabilized after the production stopping time and (b) the demand is stabilized before the production stopping time. Optimal costs are determined for two different cases.
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Anderson, Allison M., Gary A. Mirka, and Sharon M. B. Joines. "Learning rate Analysis of Alternative Keyboards." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 15 (2007): 874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101502.
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Although alternative keyboards offer ergonomic benefits over the standard keyboard, the standard QWERTY keyboard is still the most widely used. This study was performed to quantify learning rate percentages for four alternative keyboards (chord, contoured split, Dvorak, and fixed split) and understand how physical, cognitive, and perceptual demands affect learning rate by quantifying these measures. Sixteen proficient typists participated in five, three-sentence typing trials on each alternative keyboard, and nine additional subjects participated in 20 typing trials on one alternative keyboard. Time-to-complete and error percentage were collected after every trial, and subsequent learning rates were calculated. Results demonstrated that the learning rate for the fixed split keyboard was significantly different from the learning rates for the other three keyboards. Learning rate negatively correlated to all types of demand (physical, cognitive, and perceptual), so learning rate was slower with higher demand, regardless of the type of demand. Many alternative keyboards have been shown to have ergonomic benefits, and the results of this study would indicate that the learning rates associated with some of the keyboard designs are such that they can easily be implemented into the workplace without long-term productivity decrements.
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Martínez-Hernández, Francisco. "Real Exchange Rate, Effective Demand, and Economic Growth." Reflexões Econômicas 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36113/rec.v4i1.2559.
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This paper seeks to assess the effects of an undervalued currency on economic growth. Based on a reformulation of Rodrik’s undervaluation index, our econometric results suggest that real exchange rate undervaluation has, to differing degrees, been able to enhance the economic growth of developed and developing countries. Nevertheless, when we disaggregate the main components of aggregate demand for different clusters of developed and developing countries using the Stock Flow Consistent approach (SFC), we find that in general, an undervalued currency has expansionary and contractionary effects in the short-run, specifically via the export sector and the level of aggregate consumption, respectively. This paper also estimates the effects of an undervalued currency on the level of investment and the trade balance.
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Vats, Mukta, Rajeev Siwach, and A.B Chandramouli. "A Two Ware-houses Inventory Model with Different Deterioration rate under Learning Effect." International Journal of Science and Social Science Research 2, no. 4 (2025): 80–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14871904.
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This research paper a thorough investigation into the dynamics of inventory management within dual warehouse systems, focusing on the intricate interaction between linear and nonlinear deterioration rates. By examining various deterioration conditions and integrating considerations of carbon emissions, inflation, and dynamic demand dependencies on both price and time, a holistic understanding of inventory degradation processes is achieved. Through the utilization of mathematical modelling and simulation methodologies, the study explores the implications of different deterioration scenarios on inventory turnover and environmental sustainability. Additionally, it investigates the effects of carbon emissions and inflation on inventory management strategies, highlighting the necessity for adaptive approaches to mitigate adverse impacts. Moreover, by incorporating dynamic demand dependencies on price and time, the research sheds light on the complex interplay between pricing strategies, demand fluctuations, and inventory management decisions. The findings contribute to both theoretical advancements in inventory management and practical insights for optimizing operations within dual warehouse systems amidst evolving environmental and economic dynamics.
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Zeng, Fue, Yunjia Chi, and Jinhui Zheng. "The Newsvendor Problem with Different Delivery Time, Resalable Returns, and an Additional Order." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/505268.
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In a B2C scenario, the retailer is confronted with two kinds of demand. One requires an immediate delivery after placing an order, while the other prefers a delayed shipment due to some personal reasons. Considering demands for different delivery time, we explore a newsvendor model with resalable returns and an additional order to optimize the procurement decision under a stochastic demand distribution. The impact of the proportion of the instant delivery needs and the return rate on the order quantity and the expected profit is illustrated through numerical tests. It is shown that the expected profit decreases as the ratios of immediate delivery needs and returned products increase. Besides, if the sum of the percentage of the instant delivery needs and the return rate is less than 1, the expected profit is always greater than the result if the sum of them is equal to or greater than 1. Management implications are also discussed.
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Chauhan, Anand, R. K. Pandey, and Neelanjana Rajput. "Optimization of a fuzzy inventory model with seasonal demand rate in two different markets." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 1, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2020.10037225.
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Rajput, Neelanjana, R. K. Pandey, and Anand Chauhan. "Optimisation of a fuzzy inventory model with seasonal demand rate in two different markets." International Journal of Services and Operations Management 43, no. 4 (2022): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsom.2022.127466.
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Ling, Shuai, Xiang Zhu, Qing Wang, and Paul Schonfeld. "Prediction of Charging Requirements for Electric Vehicles Based on Multiagent Intelligence." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (May 19, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2309376.
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This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of electric vehicle (EV) charging demands and operating efficiency of the charging system. The travel behavior of EV drivers is analyzed by considering the heterogeneity of range anxiety and bound rationality. Building on existing charging choice models, our more holistic perspective of charging demand distribution is obtained through multiagent system (MAS) modeling. In our study, the charging demand distribution in different areas is compared by considering two charging price schemes. The performance of the charging system is then evaluated based on three indicators, the charging request rejection rate, charging pile utilization rate, and charging load deviation, thereby verifying the effectiveness of our charging demand prediction model. This is done using multiagent-based simulations applied to the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) 2017 dataset. The results are analyzed according to different key indicators, mainly indicating (a) the limitations of the time-of-use (TOU) pricing strategy in reducing the peak-valley difference, (b) the transferability of charging demand among different functional areas, and (c) that there is less demand for charging piles in the workplace, as users mainly rely on home charging. These results facilitate further analyses to help the design and operation of the EV charging infrastructure.
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Pankaj, J. P., and Prithvi Raj. "Rajasthan: Health professionals supply and demand." Journal of Preventive Medicine and Holistic Health 7, no. 2 (2021): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jpmhh.2021.019.
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: Till recently the government is planning for national level availability of doctors. However, to improve health care service delivery, robust regional planning for production and supply of health professionals is need of hour. The study aims to understand the demand and supply of trained doctors and tertiary care facilities in different regions of Rajasthan.: Data of undergraduate medical entrance were used to adjust against the voluntary attrition rate, superannuation rate, natural death rate and external additions to define the pool of available practicing doctors. The estimates were generated by forecasting the population and expected supply of doctors till the year 2035 by projecting the data by Average Exponential Growth Rate (AEGR).: The study suggests that in 2018 the density of doctors was 0.32 per thousand population in Rajasthan than that of 0.7 in India. At the current AEGR of 5.53 %, density of doctors will only improve to 0.73 in year 2035. There are 16 districts with 41.1 % of the population of Rajasthan have no medical school or any tertiary health care institution. Similarly, undergraduate enrollment varies in different regions from 1.5 to 13.5 students per 100000 population.: The challenge of availability of qualified doctors in Rajasthan will persist even in year 2035. There is an urgent need to ensure regionally balanced production and supply of skilled doctors.
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R. Biyanto, Totok, Franky Kusuma, Hendra Cordova, Yerry Sutatio, and Ridho Bayuaji. "Handling Low and High Demand Mode on Safety Instrumented Function." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 5, no. 4 (2015): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v5i4.pp742-749.
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In this paper, demand rate and hazardous event frequency considerations which effect to the error on the SIL calculation will be discused. The various value of hazardous event frequency and demand rate will be evaluated in this paper. The result of this paper is when hazardous event frequency 10E-06/year and PFD’s safeguard 0.00002, with test interval 1 year, the SILs of low and high demand start showing different level at demand 5.1/year. At that point, we shouldn’t use simplified formula for low demand, because it will make different SIL with the exponential formula and simplified high demand formula. The requared SIL targets are SIL 2 and SIL 1, for exponential formula and simplified high demand formula, respectifely. Hence, it should be taken more attention and consideration for various value of hazardous event frequency with various demand rate.
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Fazzari, Steven M., Piero Ferri, and Anna Maria Variato. "Demand-led growth and accommodating supply." Cambridge Journal of Economics 44, no. 3 (2020): 583–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cje/bez055.
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Abstract We model of demand-led growth with endogenous adjustment of labour supply and productivity, an approach that reconciles Harrod’s warranted rate of demand growth with supply. The model delivers a range of growth paths and unemployment rates rather than a single ‘natural rate’. Theoretically, the steady-state growth path may be dynamically stable or unstable, but empirical calibration favours stability. We show analytically that if demand dynamics are stable, supply will converge to the demand-determined growth path. While a minimum unemployment rate ultimately imposes a supply constraint on growth, empirical results show that a wide range of growth rates are feasible across different demand regimes. The results explain how economies can become trapped with low growth due to weak demand or fiscal austerity and suggest policy responses to stagnant demand.
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Er., Jagpal Singh Jauhal*1 Dr. T.C. Bhagat2& Er. Harmeet Singh3. "COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF STEAMPOWER PLANT AT DIFFERENT LOADS." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 5, no. 8 (2018): 16–21. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1326472.
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India is a power deficit country and major source of its power generation is from coal based steam power plants of different capacities ranging from 110MW to 660 MW. Coal as fuel is the major contributor to cost of power generation from these power plants. Due to large variations in demand of power generation during the day and night and in various seasons of the year, these power plants run on full load capacity if the demand of power is high or on partial loads called back down if the demand is lower than the full load. If the power plant is required to run on full load capacity then the cost of power generation is less but if the plant is to run on low loads due to less demand of power then there is a large significant rise in cost of generation of power. This is largely attributed to increase in heat rate of the plant. This work intends to strengthen the idea of running the plant on full load capacity. Moreover, effort has been made to calculate the variation of different plant performance parameters in under load running of the power plant, because changes in plant performance parameters affects the key plant efficiencies and results in increase in heat rate of power plant.
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Zhang, Cheng, Yejun Zhou, Pengfei Qin, and Ziqi Zhao. "High-throughput satellite flexibility design and modeling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2469, no. 1 (2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2469/1/012006.
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Abstract The paper presents a high-throughput satellite flexibility modeling and analysis method. The described method gives the design basis for choosing flexible satellite payloads such as transparent digital processors (DTP) for high-throughput satellites. The algorithm in the paper takes different time demands within the high-throughput satellite beams and different area demands between beams as input analyzes the capacity matching rate under the onboard resource constraint in different application scenarios. It also gives the conclusion of whether the satellite chooses a flexible design or not. When the variance of inter-beam demand and design capacity in the coverage area exceeds a given limit, the flexible payload is selected to achieve a higher capacity matching ratio and lower satellite design and usage cost. When the variance of demand and beam design capacity is less than the given limit, the variance of inter-beam demand in the coverage area is smaller, and the satellite system without flexible design is selected considering the full satellite capacity and cost.
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Qing, Qiankai, Wen Shi, Hai Li, and Yuan Shao. "Dynamic Analysis and Optimization of a Production Control System under Supply and Demand Uncertainties." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6823934.
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This study investigates the dynamic performance and optimization of a typical discrete production control system under supply disruption and demand uncertainty. Two different types of uncertain demands, disrupted demand with a step change in demand and random demand, are considered. We find that, under demand disruption, the system’s dynamic performance indicators (the peak values of the order rate, production completion rate, and inventory) increase with the duration of supply disruption; however, they increase and decrease sequentially with the supply disruption start time. This change tendency differs from the finding that each kind of peak is independent of the supply disruption start time under no demand disruption. We also find that, under random demand, the dynamic performance indicators (Bullwhip and variance amplification of inventory relative to demand) increase with the disruption duration, but they have a decreasing tendency as demand variance increases. In order to design an adaptive system, we propose a genetic algorithm that minimizes the respective objective function on the system’s dynamic performance indicators via choosing appropriate system parameters. It is shown that the optimal parameter choices relate closely to the supply disruption start time and duration under disrupted demand and to the supply disruption duration under random demand.
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Kaufman, Benjamin, Abraham Leung, and Matthew Burke. "Evaluating demand responsive transit services using a density-based trip rate metric." Journal of Transport and Land Use 14, no. 1 (2021): 499–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2021.1796.
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Demand responsive transit (DRT) is attracting increased attention as a means to provide public transit to low-density populations. This research aims to provide a suite of evaluation metrics with low data requirement and widespread availability, so that operators, funders, regulators, and practitioners can better evaluate the performance of DRT services. Trip numbers can be divided by a number of available variables (period, trip length, population, and density) to create a number of derived metrics. By applying these variables across three different DRT service areas in Logan City, Australia, where other key factors are held constant, one can see how different formulations lead to very different readings of DRT system performance. The results confirm the dilemma of cost efficiency versus equity in service provision in low-density environments. This paper also highlights current data limitations and calls for better data collection to facilitate the development of new evaluation methods for DRT services and a new composite metric that can be used for inter-service comparison.
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Skouri, K., and I. Konstantaras. "Order Level Inventory Models for Deteriorating Seasonable/Fashionable Products with Time Dependent Demand and Shortages." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2009 (2009): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/679736.
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An order level inventory model for seasonable/fashionable products subject to a period of increasing demand followed by a period of level demand and then by a period of decreasing demand rate (three branches ramp type demand rate) is considered. The unsatisfied demand is partially backlogged with a time dependent backlogging rate. In addition, the product deteriorates with a time dependent, namely, Weibull, deterioration rate. The model is studied under the following different replenishment policies: (a) starting with no shortages and (b) starting with shortages. The optimal replenishment policy for the model is derived for both the above mentioned policies.
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Ning, Yi-Zi. "Factors Affecting the Cost Savings Rate of University Procurement." Archives of Business Research 11, no. 5 (2023): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.115.14540.
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The procurement function is an essential part of a university’s operations, as it provides the necessary goods and services for academic and administrative activities.This paper explores the impact of different demand channels on cost savings rate in university procurement. Through surveying and analyzing the demand channels used in university procurement, this study finds that the use of multiple demand channels can improve procurement efficiency and performance, and help reduce procurement costs. Moreover, the quality of communication and information sharing between universities and suppliers, as well as the level of competition among suppliers for procurement contracts, affect the cost savings rate. The findings of this study will also provide important implications for university procurement practices, by helping universities make more informed decisions regarding the selection of procurement demand channels. Ultimately, the goal is to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of university procurement practices, which can lead to cost savings, improved procurement outcomes, and increased value for money.
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Dr., Sangeeta Malpani, and Inder Singh Rathore Dr. "IMPACT OF DEMONETIZATION ON THE DIFFERENT SECTOR OF ECONOMY." International Journal of Marketing & Financial Management 4, no. 9 (2016): 113–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10816084.
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<strong>ABSTRACT </strong> <strong> </strong> Demonetization was an imitative step which taken by Indian govt. At that time it was so painful and not accepted by a large part of country but slowly and slowly it accepted. Due to demonetization different type of impact shown on different sector of economy. The supply of money increase in banking sector but many sector of economy affected by less working capital and lower availability of cash. Industrial and business sector growth rate decrease at rapid rate. Lower availability of cash in public hand is most powerful factor which decreases the demand of everything capital goods as well as consumer goods but capital goods demand more lower than consumer goods. In this paper we are trying to explore the impact of demonetization on different sector of economy. <strong>Keywords</strong> : availability, demonetization, economy, growth, sectors.
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Alam, Shaista, Qazi Masood Ahmed, and Muhammad Shahbaz. "The Effect of Exchange Rate Volatility on Pakistan’s Bilateral Exports to Major Recipients." Global Business Review 19, no. 2 (2017): 328–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713539.
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The dynamic relationship between bilateral exports demand for Pakistan and exchange rate volatility as well as some selected explanatory variables with six major trading partners’ countries, namely, USA, UK, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Germany and UAE, has been examined during 1982Q1 to 2013Q2. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing approach suggests a stable long-run relationship among selected explanatory variables over the sample period from Pakistan’s bilateral exports to each of its chosen trading partner except Japan. The result suggests that exchange rate volatility adversely affects the demand for Pakistani exports to USA but it positively affects demand for Pakistani exports to Germany in the long run. The short-run causality analysis of ARDL demonstrates that exchange rate volatility causes demand for Pakistani exports in USA and UK adversely, while in case of Germany it causes positively. For Saudi Arabia and UAE, real effective exchange rate volatility does not affect demand for Pakistani exports in the short run as well as in the long run. The study concludes that different export elasticities for different export recipient countries derived in the present study suggest that a single trade policy will not provide a solution to improve country’s external trade sector.
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Alecsandru, Ciprian, Sherif Ishak, and Yan Qi. "Passenger car equivalents of trucks on four-lane rural freeways under lane restriction and different traffic conditions." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 39, no. 10 (2012): 1145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l2012-098.
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Truck lane restriction and differential speed limits for trucks and passenger cars are becoming more common policies to improve freeway operations and safety. The most recent edition of the Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) recognizes that the passenger car equivalent (ET) values may differ with various traffic conditions, but does not explicitly address how ET values may be impacted by truck lane restrictions or differential speed limit policies. This study developed a flow-based methodology to determine ET for trucks under truck lane restriction policies and different levels of demand and traffic composition. A simulation model (VISSIM) was calibrated to reproduce ET in HCM on a level terrain freeway segment and then used to simulate various scenarios to capture the effect of demand flow rate, truck percentage, and compliance ratio to lane restriction, all under the enforcement of differential speed limit policy. The results showed that ET increases as the compliance ratio increases, regardless of the truck percentage and demand flow rate. For a given traffic flow rate, ET decreases as the truck percentage increases. Moreover, regardless of the compliance ratio to lane restriction and the truck percentage, ET increases with the demand flow rate. The statistical analysis revealed that the truck percentage has a significant effect on ET for most cases, except when the truck percentage exceeds 30%. The results also showed significant differences in ET for all demand flow rates at 95% confidence level. The study also developed linear regression models for each level of service to estimate the value of ET as a function of the truck percentage and compliance ratio.
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Rajput, Neelanjana, Anand Chauhan, Abhinav Goel, and Dig Tanwar. "FEOQ model with octagonal fuzzy demand rate and optimize with signed distance method." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 32, no. 4 (2022): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor220317022c.
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Uncertainties in the stock control system development is one of the main concerns of researchers, several studies has been done in this research field with different fuzzy numbers by using different defuzzification methods. In this present article, at first, we have studied the scenario of increasing demand rate with the time and shortage are fully backlogged. Due to some reasons, there is flexible(uncertain) demand rate for the production, so the demand rate has to be taken as octagonal fuzzy number and the model converted into fuzzy model. The purpose of presented model is to optimize the total inventory cost in both the crisp and the fuzzy situations. The designated model included with Signed distance method for an appropriate numerical example, sensitivity analysis and graphical illustration for better explanation of the article.
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Bah, Kebba, Karamat Khan, Artif Taufiq Nurrachman Aziez, and Ali Kishwar. "Do Exchange Rate Changes Have Asymmetric or Symmetric Effects on the Demand for Money in the Gambia." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 9, no. 4 (2019): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijafr.v9i4.15705.
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In trying to explain the relationship between exchange rate and demand for money researchers have applied different models. In this paper, we applied both the linear and nonlinear ARDL to check the effects of exchange rate changes on the demand for money (M1 and M2) in The Gambia. The result revealed that the demand for money is cointegrated with its determinants and have a stable short-run relationship. It also revealed that exchange rate changes have only short-run asymmetric effects on demand for money (M1 or M2) but don’t have long-run effects.
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García-Santana, Manuel, Josep Pijoan-Mas, and Lucciano Villacorta. "Investment Demand and Structural Change." Econometrica 89, no. 6 (2021): 2751–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/ecta16295.
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We study the joint evolution of the sectoral composition and the investment rate of developing economies. Using panel data for several countries in different stages of development, we document three novel facts: (a) the share of industry and the investment rate are strongly correlated and follow a hump‐shaped profile with development, (b) investment goods contain more domestic value added from industry and less from services than consumption goods do, and (c) the evolution of the sectoral composition of investment and consumption goods differs from the one of GDP. We build a multi‐sector growth model to fit these patterns and provide two important results. First, the hump‐shaped evolution of investment demand explains half of the hump in industry with development. Second, asymmetric sectoral productivity growth helps explain the decline in the relative price of investment goods along the development path, which in turn increases capital accumulation and promotes growth.
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Lahtvee, Petri-Jaan, Rahul Kumar, Björn M. Hallström, and Jens Nielsen. "Adaptation to different types of stress converge on mitochondrial metabolism." Molecular Biology of the Cell 27, no. 15 (2016): 2505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e16-03-0187.
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Yeast cell factories encounter physical and chemical stresses when used for industrial production of fuels and chemicals. These stresses reduce productivity and increase bioprocess costs. Understanding the mechanisms of the stress response is essential for improving cellular robustness in platform strains. We investigated the three most commonly encountered industrial stresses for yeast (ethanol, salt, and temperature) to identify the mechanisms of general and stress-specific responses under chemostat conditions in which specific growth rate–dependent changes are eliminated. By applying systems-level analysis, we found that most stress responses converge on mitochondrial processes. Our analysis revealed that stress-specific factors differ between applied stresses; however, they are underpinned by an increased ATP demand. We found that when ATP demand increases to high levels, respiration cannot provide sufficient ATP, leading to onset of respirofermentative metabolism. Although stress-specific factors increase ATP demand for cellular growth under stressful conditions, increased ATP demand for cellular maintenance underpins a general stress response and is responsible for the onset of overflow metabolism.
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Astha, Kumari, Kumar Goyal Ankit, Kumar Kamal, and Agrawal Sweety. "OPTIMAL INVENTORY POLICY WITH PRICE-DEPENDENT DEMAND AND VARIABLE DETERIORATION RATE ALSO DELT WITH TRADE CREDIT." Soch – Mastnath Journal Of Science & Technology 17, no. 1 (2022): 47–59. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7993254.
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ABSTRACT In this paper we developed an inventory model for an optimal payment policy for deteriorating items under the influence of trade credit. Demand rate of the product is considered as the function of selling price. Here, we consider the deteriorating item that follows three-parameter Weibull distribution deterioration. Finally, the optimal solution is illustrated with help of numerical example and the sensitivity analysis is carried out with respect to different parameters.
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Tase, Manjola. "Demand Segmentation in the Federal Funds Market." Finance and Economics Discussion Series, no. 2022-071 (November 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/feds.2022.071.
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This paper outlines a model of demand segmentation in the federal funds market with two types of borrowers - the "interest on reserves (IOR) arbitrage'' type and the "regulatory'' type - which have different reservation prices and cannot always be separated. When fed funds trade above IOR, the "regulatory" type is revealed and consequently pays an interest rate closer to its real reservation price, pushing the fed funds rate further up. When fed funds trade below IOR, a decrease in the fed funds rate encourages entry in the market for IOR arbitrage purposes thus counteracting the downward pressure on the fed funds rate. We use probit regression models and daily data for the period April 2018 to February 2020 to provide empirical support for this model. We find the following: 1) When fed funds trade above IOR, there is, on average, a 10 percentage points increase in the probability that the fed funds rate increases the following period. Furthermore, analysis using confidential bank-level data shows that this increase in the probability is higher for banks that report their liquidity profile daily and that were present all trading days during this period. 2) When the fed funds trade below IOR, the probability of a decrease in the fed funds rate decreases with the widening of the spread between the fed funds rate and IOR.
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Dejvises, Jackravut. "Energy Storage System Sizing for Peak Shaving in Thailand." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 14, no. 1 (2015): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2016141.171094.
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This paper presents a mathematical model of energy storage systems (ESSs) to minimise daily electrical peak power demand in Thailand. A daily electrical load curve on a peak day obtained from Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) is used to analyse the capability of energy storage system for electrical peak power demand reduction with different ESS sizes. It is found that with power rate of 50 percent of the difference between the minimum and the maximum demands of the daily load curve and with energy capacity of 50 percent of the sum of each time step absolute energy difference between the demand and the average demand of the daily load curve, ESS can decrease daily electrical peak demand approximately 7.4 percent and increase daily load factor approximately 9.9 percent.
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Zeraatpisheh, Milad, Reza Arababadi, and Mohsen Saffari Pour. "Economic Analysis for Residential Solar PV Systems Based on Different Demand Charge Tariffs." Energies 11, no. 12 (2018): 3271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123271.
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It is well known that the use of photovoltaic (PV) systems helps to preserve the environment, produce lower levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and reduce global warming, however, whether it is economically profitable for customers or not is highly debatable. This paper aims to address this issue. To be comprehensive, three different types of buildings are considered as case studies. Then, these three buildings are modeled in EnergyPlus to determine the rate of energy consumption. Afterward, comparisons of various solar system sizes based on economic parameters such as the internal rate of return, the net present value, payback period and profitability indexing for various-sized PV systems are carried out. The results show that by the demand charge tariffs, using PV systems has no economic justification. It has been shown that even with neglecting further costs of the PV system like maintenance, by demand charge tariffs, it is not economically beneficial for customers to use the PV systems. Profitability index of all three buildings with various PV power systems is between 0.2 to 0.8, which are by no means is desirable. Moreover, it was found that bigger solar systems are less cost-effective in the presence of demand charges.
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Fangquan, Wu, Liu Yichi, and Li Xiong. "Customer Power Demand Pattern Recognition and Feature Extraction under Multi-Level Fuzzy Evaluation Model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2979, no. 1 (2025): 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2979/1/012004.
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Abstract A challenging problem is to solve the low recall rate problem in customer electricity demand pattern recognition, as well as accurately identify customer electricity demand patterns and extract relevant features for power system planning, energy scheduling, and user demand prediction. This article proposes a method for pattern recognition and feature extraction of customer electricity demand through a multi-level fuzzy evaluation model. By collecting and preprocessing a large amount of customer electricity demand data, this paper establishes a multi-level fuzzy evaluation model for different electricity demand patterns, and uses fuzzy logic reasoning to accurately classify and extract features of electricity demand. Finally, the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method were verified through experiments. The experimental results show that the recall rate of the model in this article is between 87% and 96%, and the model can effectively identify different power demand patterns and extract relevant features.
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Chand Garg, Subhash, and B. S. Kalra. "Economic Production Quantity Model for Deteriorating Items under the Constant and Non Linear GHG Emission." International Journal of Inventory Control and Management 11, no. 02 (2022): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.58517/ijicm.2022.11205.
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Industry is becoming the largest source of GHG emissions, requiring action from industrialists. The model provided here is developed to address two different scenarios of GHG emission. This paper examines a model for producing inventory to meet the demand rate intended to operate on an infinite planning horizon where the demand rate for deteriorating items is determined by a function based on the on-hand inventory, given that the production rate is linearly related to the demand rate. In the forward manufacturing system, linear and nonlinear GHG emission costs are compared to observe the effects of nonlinearity in emission costs. At last numerical verification is used to illustrate the mathematical expressions, and the sensitivity of the different parameters is examined to draw some managerial conclusions.
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Zhang, Tianzheng, Yingxiang Zeng, Yingjie Zhang, Yan Song, and Hongxun Li. "The Heterogenous Demand for Urban Parks between Home Buyers and Renters: Evidence from Beijing." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (2020): 9058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219058.
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Many studies have confirmed that there is demand among urban residents and renters for urban parks. Moreover, as renters and home buyers have very different levels of ownership over their housing resources, their demands for amenities can be heterogenous. To discover and identify such heterogeneous demands is worthy of attention. Using the micro-housing resale transactions and listing data for housing leases in Beijing during 2019, this paper explores the difference between the demand for urban parks among home buyers and renters outside the community from the perspective of the internal quality of the community by using the hedonic price model (HPM). Specifically, from the dimension of the property management service fee and greening rate, we find that for home buyers, compared to residents living in relatively poor-quality communities, a better-quality community will reduce the demand for urban parks outside the community. Conversely, for renters, the higher the quality of the community is, the higher the demand for urban parks outside the community will be.
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Feldman, David L. "Integrated water management and environmental justice – public acceptability and fairness in adopting water innovations." Water Supply 11, no. 2 (2011): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.035.
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Innovations to manage freshwater resources and avert shortages – including conservation through use of reclaimed wastewater, desalination, and demand-side management measures such as increasing block rate structures offer practical, effective remedies for meeting future water demands. We examine the challenges confronting adoption of these innovations that revolve around perceptions of fairness and public acceptability. A major obstacle to these approaches' adoption is environmental justice – that the risk and burden of resource solutions, as well as their benefits – should be borne equitably, despite differences of income or race. We first consider how debates regarding water supply are often disputes over different notions of environmental justice. We then examine general equity debates over adopting various innovations in one US state at the nexus of water demand and supply innovation: California. We contend that fairly adopting these innovations requires embracing open, inclusive, and transparent decision-making processes in which no important constituency is excluded from decisions, and in which different notions of environmental justice are embraced.
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Montgomery, Paul G., David B. Pyne, and Clare L. Minahan. "The Physical and Physiological Demands of Basketball Training and Competition." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 5, no. 1 (2010): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.1.75.
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Purpose:To characterize the physical and physiological responses during different basketball practice drills and games.Methods:Male basketball players (n = 11; 19.1 ± 2.1 y, 1.91 ± 0.09 m, 87.9 ± 15.1 kg; mean ± SD) completed offensive and defensive practice drills, half court 5on5 scrimmage play, and competitive games. Heart rate, VO2 and triaxial accelerometer data (physical demand) were normalized for individual participation time. Data were log-transformed and differences between drills and games standardized for interpretation of magnitudes and reported with the effect size (ES) statistic.Results:There was no substantial difference in the physical or physiological variables between offensive and defensive drills; physical load (9.5%; 90% confidence limits ±45); mean heart rate (-2.4%; ±4.2); peak heart rate (-0.9%; ±3.4); and VO2 (–5.7%; ±9.1). Physical load was moderately greater in game play compared with a 5on5 scrimmage (85.2%; ±40.5); with a higher mean heart rate (12.4%; ±5.4). The oxygen demand for live play was substantially larger than 5on5 (30.6%; ±15.6).Conclusions:Defensive and offensive drills during basketball practice have similar physiological responses and physical demand. Live play is substantially more demanding than a 5on5 scrimmage in both physical and physiological attributes. Accelerometers and predicted oxygen cost from heart rate monitoring systems are useful for differentiating the practice and competition demands of basketball.
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Nam, Sook-Hyun, Ju-Won Lee, Eun-Ju Kim, Jae-Wuk Koo, and Tae-Mun Hwang. "Evaluation of Portable Rhodamine B Analyzer for Monitoring OH Radical Scavenging Demand in Ultraviolet Advanced Oxidation Processes." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (2021): 13279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313279.
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A portable OH radical scavenging demand analyzer that can be installed and operated on site was developed to measure water quality indicators that influence the generation of OH radicals from UV/hydrogen peroxide reactions to determine the UV dose and the hydrogen peroxide injection concentration. Rhodamine B (RhB) was used as an indicator for the continuous measurement of the OH radical scavenging demand of four samples with different water quality parameters using the rapid, easy, and real-time UV-Vis spectrophotometer method. The results demonstrated that the estimated rate constant for the RhB color decay rate resulting from direct UV photolysis was low enough to verify its suitability as a probe compound. The mean values of the OH radical scavenging demand for target water samples at different organic concentrations were 20,659 s−1 for plant N, 42,346 s−1 for plant C, 32,232 s−1 for plant Y, and 81,669 s−1 for plant B. Variations in the monitoring results for the target water treatment plants suggest that on-site OH radical scavenging demands should be considered to determine the UV dose and the hydrogen peroxide injection concentration for the UV advanced oxidation process.
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Khatri, P. D., and U. B. Gothi . "An EPQ Model under Constant Amelioration, Different Deteriorations with Exponential Demand Rate and Completely Backlogged Shortages." International Journal of Scientific Research in Mathematical and Statistical Sciences 5, no. 2 (2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijsrmss/v5i2.2128.
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M. Azam, S.A. Hassan, O.C. Puan, S.F. Azhari, and R.U. Faiz. "Performance of Autonomous Vehicles in Mixed Traffic under different Demand Conditions." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 19, no. 4 (2022): 10050–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.19.4.2022.02.0776.
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Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) are considered one of the potential solutions to future urban mobility with several promised benefits regarding safety and traffic operation. Despite of expected benefits, these vehicles will take decades to have full market penetration and before that, AVs will co-exist with Conventional Vehicles (CVs), which may affect the performance of AVs owing to different driving logic than CVs. The aim of this study is to quantify the impacts of varying penetrations of AVs when introduced in mixed traffic conditions. The study employed simulation environment VISSIM to study the different scenarios based on the percentage of AVs in mixed traffic, category of AVs and varying demand levels. The findings show that at lower demand levels (1000 veh/hr and 2000 veh/hr), CVs and three categories of AVs produced similar results. However, cautious and normal AVs negatively affect traffic operations when the demand level is increased. At demand-3 (3000 veh/hr), the penetration rates of cautious AVs greater than 50% shows negative impact on performance. At demand-4 (4000 veh/hr), even a small proportion (25%) of cautious AVs can negatively affect performance, and a similar effect is observed for normal AVs with a penetration rate greater than 75%. For speed, the minimum reduction with the increase in demand is observed for aggressive AVs, followed by conventional vehicles, normal AVs and cautious AVs. It can be concluded that the aggressive AVs produced better delays, queue length, speed and conflicts than CVs, cautious AVs and normal AVs at the highest demand levels.
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Husman, Jardine A. "DAMPAK FLUKTUASI NILAI TUKAR TERHADAP OUTPUT DAN HARGA: PERBANDINGAN DUA REZIM NILAI TUKAR." Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 10, no. 1 (2007): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v10i1.217.
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This paper analyzes the impact of exchange rate fluctuation on the output and price in two different regimes. The model employed distinguishes four different sources of impacts on the output and price, namely the anticipated and the un-anticipated exchange rate movement, the aggregate demand and the aggregate supply shock.The result confirms the impact of the exchange rate regime switch on how the exchange rate influences the output. The net impact of Rupiah depreciation will expand the output, indicating the dominance of the aggregate the demand shock through the competitive advantage than the aggregate supply shock through import price effect.The regime switch also alters the effectiveness of the monetary and the fiscal policy on the output. The magnitude of monetary and fiscal policy is much larger than the exchange rate impact on output, both managed and free floating regime.Keywords: exchange rate, anticipated vs. unanticipated depreciation, supply vs. demand channels.JEL Classification: F41, F43, F31
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Zubairu, Tijjani brahim Zubairu, and Yusuf Ibrahim Gwanda. "ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) MODEL: WEIBULL AMELIORATING ITEMS WITH CONSTANT DEMAND RATE." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 8, no. 5 (2024): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2024-0805-2726.
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In this study, we investigate the behavior of inventory items having the potential of incurring significant increase in their utilities or values while in stock in accordance to the Weibull distribution law. The amelioration of an inventory occurs when it remains in stock but depletes as a result of constant demand rate. The Weibull amelioration function plays the role of depicting the amelioration state of an inventory whereas the constant demand function describes the different possible stages of market demand. We describe the application of simple, yet analytical, approach for successful derivation and analyses of the underlying inventory system. We furthermore, analyze the model while providing, for the model, the necessary but sufficient and optimal replenishment policy. We use numerical results and examples to better illustrate the solution and successfully carryout the sensitivity analysis and the evaluation of the model.
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R., K. Shrivastava, Sharma Preeti, and B. Singh B. "Unreliable Inventory Model with Price Varying Demand Rate under the Partially Backlogged Situation." International Journal of Mathematics And Computer Research 10, no. 03 (2022): 2621–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6349177.
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The model is proposed for the unreliable supply system and an amount of defective products are found during the screening process. Demand rate for the system is assumed to be price dependent. Shortages are unavoidable hence partially backlogged. Theoretical Preeti Sharma results have been generated via mathematical modeling to get the optimum order quantity, preetibhatele@gmail.com optimum cycle length and maximum profit. These theoretical results are illustrated by numerical verification and sensitivity analysis has been reported to check the effect of variation of different parameters on optimum results.
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Agarwal, Arun, and S. K. Patra. "Performance Prediction of Eureka-147 DAB System Using Interleaving and Different Coding Rates." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 4119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.4119.
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Radio broadcasting technology has evolved rapidly over the last few years due to ever increasing demands for as high quality sound services with ancillary data transmission in mobile environment. The Eureka-147 Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) system with coded OFDM technology accomplish this demand by making receivers highly robust against effects of multipath fading environment. In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of DAB system conforming to the parameters established by the ETSI (EN 300 401) using frequency interleaving and different coding rates in different transmission channels. The results show that interleaving is essential for the forward error correction to work properly and an increased coding rate makes the system more flexible without increase in the receiver complexity.
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Singh, S. R., Shalini Jain, and Sarla Pareek. "A Warehouse Imperfect Fuzzified Production Model with Shortages under Inflationary Conditions." Advances in Decision Sciences 2012 (December 18, 2012): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/638060.
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We develop a two-warehouse production model with imperfect items. Production rate is taken as the linear combination of on-hand inventory and demand, while demand rate is taken as function of time. Most of the researchers consider that the production rate is independent from the demand rate. In this paper we assume production rate as being dependent on the demand rate, and this assumption is more realistic. Shortages are allowed and partially backlogged with time-dependent backlogging rate. Due to different preservation facilities we consider that the deterioration rate is time dependent in own warehouse (OW) and Weibull distribution deterioration in rented warehouse (RW). Holding cost in RW is greater than in OW. We developed a fuzzy model with fuzzifying all the costs of the model as triangular fuzzy numbers. The present model is developed in both crisp and fuzzy senses. Finally, numerical example is shown, and sensitivity is also illustrated.
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Williams, J. B., and B. I. Tieleman. "Flexibility in basal metabolic rate and evaporative water loss among hoopoe larks exposed to different environmental temperatures." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 20 (2000): 3153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.20.3153.
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The ‘energy demand’ hypothesis for short-term adjustments in basal metabolic rate (BMR) posits that birds adjust the size of their internal organs relative to food intake, a correlate of energy demand. We tested this hypothesis on hoopoe larks (Alaemon alaudipes), inhabitants of the Arabian desert, by acclimating birds for 3 weeks at 15 degrees C and at 36 degrees C, then measuring their BMR and total evaporative water loss (TEWL). Thereafter, we determined the dry masses of their brain, heart, liver, kidney, stomach, intestine and muscles of the pectoral region. Although mean body mass did not differ initially between the two groups, after 3 weeks, birds in the 15 degrees C group had gained mass (44.1+/−6.5 g), whereas larks in the 36 degrees C group had maintained a constant mass (36.6+/−3.6 g; means +/− s.d., N=6). Birds in the 15 degrees C group had a mean BMR of 46.8+/−6.9 kJ day(−1), whereas birds in the 36 degrees C group had a BMR of 32.9+/−6.3 kJ day(−1), values that were significantly different when we controlled for differences in body mass. When measured at 35 degrees C, larks in the cold-exposure group had a TEWL of 3.55+/−0.60 g H(2)O day(−)(1), whereas TEWL for birds in the 36 degrees C group averaged 2.23+/−0.28 g H(2)O day(−1), a difference of 59.2%. Mass-independent TEWL differed significantly between groups. Larks in the 15 degrees C group had a significantly larger liver, kidney and intestine than larks in the 36 degrees C group. The total increase in organ mass contributed 14.3% towards the total mass increment in the cold exposure group. Increased food intake among larks in the cold group apparently resulted in enlargement of some of the internal organs, and the increase in mass of these organs required a higher rate of oxygen uptake to support them. As oxygen demands increased, larks apparently lost more evaporative water, but the relationship between increases in BMR and TEWL remains unresolved.
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Li, Xinhu, and Fengzhi Shi. "Salt precipitation and evaporative flux on sandy soil with saline groundwater under different evaporation demand conditions." Soil Research 60, no. 2 (2021): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr21111.
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Context Salt precipitation and its influence on evaporation have been widely studied in recent years. However, the evolution process of salt precipitation and evaporative flux is poorly understood under various evaporation demand (ED) rate condition, which is defined as the evaporation rate of distilled water from soil under constant radiation conditions. Aims and methods This study investigated the evolution of salt crust and evaporative flux on sand soil columns with fixed saline groundwater at a depth of 20 cm under four ED conditions (29.5, 21.5, 9.0 and 4.0 mm day−1). Key results Evaporation rate significantly decreased in all treatments because the salt crust was elevated and salt domes formed, but the salt patterns of salt precipitation and evaporation exhibited significant differences between different EDs. The homogeneous fine powder crystals precipitated under relatively high ED conditions (29.5 and 21.5 mm day−1), and tended to aggregate and form an elevated salt crust in the initial period of salt precipitation. Consequently, it resulted in a sharp decrease in evaporation during the initial period of salt precipitation. In contrast, discrete and large crystals observed under low ED conditions (9.0 and 4.0 mm day−1), resulted in a stable evaporation stage during the initial period of salt precipitation. The highest relative evaporation rate was observed under the lowest ED condition when the evaporation rate reached stability, which was attributed to the formation of small and discrete salt domes, indicating that both the upward and lateral growth of salt precipitation were influenced by ED. Conclusions and implications The physics of salt crust formation needs to be considered in understanding how salt precipitates on the soil surface.
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Naqellari, Alqi. "Positive Slope Model of Aggregate Demand." Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 3 (2018): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ajis-2018-0059.
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Abstract This paper analyzes Internal Aggregate Demand. This aggregate, along with other production indicators, is the main indicator of the country’s economic performance rate. Objective analysis is important for their perspective, as well as for a set of other related indicators, such as inflation rate, unemployment rate, etc. In economic theory, the Aggregate Demand Curve (AD) deals with negative slope. At the point where AD interrupts the AS (aggregate supply curve) there is macroeconomic equilibrium. Creating this equilibrium, shifting curves, creates a number of other figures that show how the level of output, prices and employment will be, and overall the level of economy in the future. In this study, with the data of the Albanian economy, was built, for a period of 17 years, the Internal Demand Curve. Three effects are analyzed: the real balance sheet effect, the interest rates and the external trade effect. The internal demand curve has resulted in a Positive Slope. The equilibrium is not created at the intersection point of the curves. These curves stand facing each other. The equilibrium is set by the different aggregate price level. The Gross Domestic Product Curve (GDP) is the equilibrium curve created by the interaction of Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply. This position is real, and creates opportunities for objective analysis of the economy. This paper uses econometric, statistical, comparative and synthesis methods.
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G, Swathi, Srinivasa Varma P, Sudha Rani Donepudi, and Ramash Kumar K. "Consumer-Centric Rate Design for Peak Time Energy Demand Coincidence Reduction at Domestic Sector Level-A Smart Energy Service for Residential Demand Response." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8294369.
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Reducing demand coincidence of customers with distribution system peak hours is very essential in the modern world energy sector. There is a great scope for peak demand coincidence reduction at the customer level, especially in the residential sector through Residential Demand Response programs. Through smart meter installations along with IT-enabled technologies, many of the distribution company’s initiatives like residential demand response programs can be taken to domestic customers with ease, less cost, and less technology deployment. Rate design is one such effective approach. Even though time-varying rates like Time of Use have been used as an effective approach for reducing peak electricity demand in different sectors around the world, the residential sector has not gained much attention due to a few challenges like externality problems, high on-peak and low off-peak prices, improper pricing mechanisms. Hence, considering the above challenges and constraints, a rate design, named consumer-centric time of use tariff is proposed in this article for domestic customers. The tariff is consumer-centric such that each customer gets a unique on-peak unit price and off-peak unit price based on their consumption during peak hours both at the house-level and utility level rather than common and fixed on-peak and off-peak prices for all the customers, thus addressing the above-mentioned constraints. For this, customers are classified into different clusters using the Machine Learning Algorithm K-Means. The proposed rate design model has been analyzed on synthetic smart meter data of 10 houses, and it is observed that the proposed tariff shows an increase in the monthly revenue by 4.3% for the utility and a variation of -0.4% to 7% of energy charge for different customers. This study and analysis show that the proposed consumer-centric time of use rate design provides a better pricing mechanism with a win-win strategy for both customers and utility, thereby avoiding windfall gains or losses to both. Furthermore, the proposed tariff influences each residential customer of different consumption levels to reduce peak demand coincidence as well as energy consumption for the power sector.
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CHHORN, Theara. "TOURISM DEMAND AND EXOGENOUS EXCHANGE RATE IN CAMBODIA: A STOCHASTIC SEASONAL ARIMAX APPROACH." Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields 9, no. 1 (2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v9.1(17).01.
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Time series seasonally displays toward either an autoregressive or moving average process where persist in seasonality fluctuation. The paper examines the relationship of tourism demand with controlling an exogenous exchange rate using seasonal ARIMA model. The empirical results reveal that HEGY test for seasonal unit roots with lower and upper panel indicates the statistical significance which explains the failure of rejection of having unit roots at different frequencies. The estimated outcomes from tourism demand model specify that per capita income and exchange rate have the power in explaining tourism demand measured as tourist arrivals. In particular to forecasting model and due to the lower statistical value of RMSE and MAE displays that the SARIMAX (4, 1, 1) – (1, 1, 1)12 model is the best accuracy model to perform the long run ex-ante forecasting of tourism demand. This suggests tourism policy maker to pay more reflection in formulating the policy toward the exogenous factors in line with the uncertainty and unobserved seasonality.
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Zhang, Bei, Xiaoqing Ai, Xingming Fang, and Shi Chen. "The Transmission Mechanisms and Impacts of Oil Price Fluctuations: Evidence from DSGE Model." Energies 15, no. 16 (2022): 6038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15166038.
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This paper constructs an open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with oil to investigate the transmission mechanism and impact effects of oil price fluctuations driven by different factors on China’s macroeconomy using quarterly data from 1996 to 2019. The results show that the international crude oil supply-driven oil price decline promotes positive output growth in the short run through the positive cost effect of the supply channel, and the production regulation cost will dampen the incentive to invest in the new energy sector in the long run. Domestic economic development demand-driven oil price increases act on the demand channel, driving output and oil prices to fluctuate in the same direction, generating a negative real balance effect on the economy through the interest rate channel. The oil-specific demand driven by foreign nominal interest rate shocks is transmitted through the exchange rate channel, triggering imported inflation, lower aggregate demand, and lower output. Different sources of oil price fluctuations have different transmission mechanisms and thus differential effects. For this reason, based on the root causes of oil price fluctuations, policy recommendations to deal with international oil price fluctuations in the new situation are proposed at the supply level, demand level, and international level.
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Madonado-Devis, Mónica, and Vicent Almenar-Llongo. "A Panel Data Estimation of Domestic Water Demand with IRT Tariff Structure: The Case of the City of Valencia (Spain)." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (2021): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031414.
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In urban water provisioning, prices can improve efficiency, contributing to the achievement of the environmental objective. However, household responses to price changes differ widely based on the household characteristics. Analyses performed at the aggregate level ignore the implications of water demand incentives at the individual household level. A large data sample at the household level enables estimation of econometric models of water demand, capturing the heterogeneity in domestic consumption. This study estimated the domestic water demand in the city of Valencia and its elasticity, along with the demands of its different districts and neighbourhoods (intra-urban scale analysis). Water price structure in Valencia is completely different from that of other Spanish cities: it is a price structure of increasing volume (increasing rate tariffs, IRT). For this estimation, from a microdata panel at the household level, the demand function with average prices for the period 2008–2011 was estimated using panel data techniques including a fixed effect for each neighbourhood. The domestic water demand elasticity at the average price in Valencia was estimated at −0.88 (which is higher than that estimated for other Spanish cities). This value indicates an inelastic demand at the average price of the previous period, which can cause consumers to overestimate the price and react more strongly to changes.