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Journal articles on the topic 'Differential absorption'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Theocharous, E. "Differential absorption displacement transducer." Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 18, no. 3 (March 1985): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0022-3735/18/3/019.

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2

Huang, Sheng-Wen, Janet F. Eary, Congxian Jia, Lingyun Huang, Shai Ashkenazi, and Matthew O'Donnell. "Differential-absorption photoacoustic imaging." Optics Letters 34, no. 16 (August 4, 2009): 2393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.34.002393.

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3

Grant, William B., Alan M. Brothers, and James R. Bogan. "Differential absorption lidar signal averaging." Applied Optics 27, no. 10 (May 15, 1988): 1934. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.27.001934.

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4

Mei, Liang, and Mikkel Brydegaard. "Continuous-wave differential absorption lidar." Laser & Photonics Reviews 9, no. 6 (October 29, 2015): 629–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lpor.201400419.

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5

Virtanen, Simo. "ABSORPTION PATTERNS IN THE DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION TEST FOR INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS." Acta Pathologica Microbiologica Scandinavica 56, no. 1 (August 18, 2009): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1699-0463.1962.tb04163.x.

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6

Millán, L., M. Lebsock, N. Livesey, S. Tanelli, and G. Stephens. "Differential absorption radar techniques: surface pressure." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 11 (November 27, 2014): 3959–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3959-2014.

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Abstract. Two radar pulses sent at different frequencies near the 60 GHz O2 absorption band can be used to determine surface pressure by measuring the differential absorption on and off the band. Results of inverting synthetic data assuming an airborne radar are presented. The analysis includes the effects of temperature, water vapor, and hydrometeors, as well as particle size distributions and surface backscatter uncertainties. Results show that an airborne radar (with sensitivity of −20 and 0.05 dBZ speckle and relative calibration uncertainties) can estimate surface pressure with a precision of ~ 1.0 hPa and accuracy better than 1.0 hPa for clear-sky and cloudy conditions and better than 3.5 hPa for precipitating conditions. Generally, accuracy would be around 0.5 and 2 hPa for non-precipitating and precipitating conditions, respectively.
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7

Si Fu-Qi, Xie Pin-Hua, Klaus-Peter Heue, Liu-Cheng, Peng Fu-Min, and Liu Wen-Qing. "Hyperspectral imaging differential optical absorption spectroscopy." Acta Physica Sinica 57, no. 9 (2008): 6018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.57.6018.

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8

CHEN Yafeng, 陈亚峰, 王晓宾 WANG Xiaobin, 刘秋武 LIU Qiuwu, 曹开法 CAO Kaifa, 胡顺星 HU Shunxing, and 黄见 HUANG Jian. "Mobile SO2 Differential Absorption Lidar System." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 46, no. 7 (2017): 701004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20174607.0701004.

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9

Gorbics, Steven G., and N. R. Pereira. "Differential absorption spectrometer for pulsed bremsstrahlung." Review of Scientific Instruments 64, no. 7 (July 1993): 1835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1144019.

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10

Godin, Sophie, Allen I. Carswell, David P. Donovan, Hans Claude, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, I. Stuart McDermid, Thomas J. McGee, et al. "Ozone differential absorption lidar algorithm intercomparison." Applied Optics 38, no. 30 (October 20, 1999): 6225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.38.006225.

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11

Fisher, Robert M. "DXS: Differential absorption x-ray spectroscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (August 1992): 1738–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100133321.

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X-ray spectrochemical analysis, with either energy-dispersive (EDS) or wavelength-dispersive (WDS) systems, is is used extensively by electron microscopists to determine the chemical composition of selected features in a wide variety of specimens. Several decades of development have yielded efficient and rugged detector crystals and goniometer hardware as well as sophisticated, but user-friendly, software for quantitative chemical and image analysis. Nevertheless an alternative system, based on differential x-ray absorption with "balanced" transmission filters (DXS™) has attractive advantages as a simple, low cost, system for qualitative x-ray microanalysis which does not require liquid nitrogen. Computer processing of intensities obviates the former need for impossibly-precise adjustment of filter thickness. However the filter array must be preset for analysis of the elements that are believed to be present for routine work.DXS analysis is based on the abrupt change in x-ray absorption that occurs between particular elements. This is illustrated by the different mass absorption coefficients for Fe and Cr K radiation for a series of filters in increasing atomic number from Ti to Co as shown in Figure 1 (1,2).
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12

Khmel'nitskii, G. S. "Optimization of differential-absorption gas analysis." Journal of Applied Spectroscopy 55, no. 6 (December 1991): 1268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00661211.

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13

Browell, E. V. "Differential absorption lidar sensing of ozone." Proceedings of the IEEE 77, no. 3 (March 1989): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/5.24128.

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14

Rarback, H., F. Cinotti, C. Jacobsen, J. M. Kenney, J. Kirz, and R. Rosser. "Elemental analysis using differential absorption techniques." Biological Trace Element Research 13, no. 1 (August 1987): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02796625.

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15

Martin, Chris A., John M. Ruter, Robert W. Roberson, and William P. Sharp. "DIFFERENTIAL HYDRATION AND ELEMENTAL ABSORPTION OF TWO POLYACRYLAMIDE GELS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 670b—670. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.670b.

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Hydration and elemental absorption of two commercially-available polyacrylamide gels (A and B) were studied in response to a 24-hr soak time in Hoagland's solution concentrations of either 2X, 1X, 0.5X, 0.25X, 0.125X or 0X (deionized water). Elemental absorption of gel specimens was observed and analyzed within the gel matrix on a Philips CM12S STEM equipped with an EDAX 9800 plus EDS unit for micro x-ray analysis. Thick sections were cut on dry glass knives using an RMC MT6000 ultramicrotome. Surface analysis of bulk specimens was made with an AMR 1000A SEM plus PGT1000 EDS unit. Overall, gel hydration decreased quadratically as solution concentration increased linearly; however, hydration for gel A was generally greater than for gel B. Surface analysis of gel samples revealed the presence Ca, K, P, S, Fe, and Zn for both gels. An analysis within the matrix of gel B revealed the presence of Ca, K, P, S, Fe, and Zn; however, an analysis within the matrix of gel A revealed the presence of Zn, and Fe only. The increased absorptive capacity of gel A appeared to be coupled to reduced migration of salts into the gel matrix.
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16

Millán, Luis, Matthew Lebsock, Nathaniel Livesey, and Simone Tanelli. "Differential absorption radar techniques: water vapor retrievals." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 6 (June 21, 2016): 2633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-2633-2016.

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Abstract. Two radar pulses sent at different frequencies near the 183 GHz water vapor line can be used to determine total column water vapor and water vapor profiles (within clouds or precipitation) exploiting the differential absorption on and off the line. We assess these water vapor measurements by applying a radar instrument simulator to CloudSat pixels and then running end-to-end retrieval simulations. These end-to-end retrievals enable us to fully characterize not only the expected precision but also their potential biases, allowing us to select radar tones that maximize the water vapor signal minimizing potential errors due to spectral variations in the target extinction properties. A hypothetical CloudSat-like instrument with 500 m by ∼ 1 km vertical and horizontal resolution and a minimum detectable signal and radar precision of −30 and 0.16 dBZ, respectively, can estimate total column water vapor with an expected precision of around 0.03 cm, with potential biases smaller than 0.26 cm most of the time, even under rainy conditions. The expected precision for water vapor profiles was found to be around 89 % on average, with potential biases smaller than 77 % most of the time when the profile is being retrieved close to surface but smaller than 38 % above 3 km. By using either horizontal or vertical averaging, the precision will improve vastly, with the measurements still retaining a considerably high vertical and/or horizontal resolution.
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17

Su Zhaofeng, 苏兆锋, 杨海亮 Yang Hailiang, 邱孟通 Qiu Mengtong, 郭建明 Guo Jianming, 孙剑锋 Sun Jianfeng, 张鹏飞 Zhang Pengfei, 尹佳辉 Yin Jiahui, 孙江 Sun Jiang, and 周军 Zhou Jun. "Diode voltage measurement with differential absorption method." High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 5 (2012): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/hplpb20122405.1217.

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18

Cheng, Long, Laura B. Andre, Gabriela L. Almeida, Luis H. C. Andrade, Sandro M. Lima, Junior R. Silva, Tomaz Catunda, Yannick Guyot, and Stephen C. Rand. "Differential absorption saturation in laser cooled Yb:LiYF4." Optical Materials 128 (June 2022): 112404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2022.112404.

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19

Laurendeau, D., R. Houde, M. Samson, and D. Poussart. "3D range acquisition through differential light absorption." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 41, no. 5 (1992): 622–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/19.177332.

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20

Powers, Peter E., Thomas J. Kulp, and Randall Kennedy. "Demonstration of differential backscatter absorption gas imaging." Applied Optics 39, no. 9 (March 20, 2000): 1440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.39.001440.

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21

Barbeiro, S., and J. A. Ferreira. "Integro-differential models for percutaneous drug absorption." International Journal of Computer Mathematics 84, no. 4 (April 2007): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207160701210091.

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22

Yamamoto, Kiyoshi, Akio Masui, and Hatsuo Ishida. "Application of differential absorption in infrared spectroscopy." Vibrational Spectroscopy 13, no. 2 (January 1997): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2031(96)00047-1.

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23

Schmitt, J. M., S. H. Xiang, and K. M. Yung. "Differential absorption imaging with optical coherence tomography." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 15, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 2288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.15.002288.

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24

Yakymyshyn, C., and C. Pollock. "Differential absorption fiber-optic liquid level sensor." Journal of Lightwave Technology 5, no. 7 (1987): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.1987.1075599.

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25

Kol'yakov, S. F., and L. P. Malyavkin. "Differential absorption lidar utilizing a TEA CO2laser." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 18, no. 1 (January 31, 1988): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1988v018n01abeh011235.

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26

Koch, Grady J., Bruce W. Barnes, Mulugeta Petros, Jeffrey Y. Beyon, Farzin Amzajerdian, Jirong Yu, Richard E. Davis, et al. "Coherent differential absorption lidar measurements of CO_2." Applied Optics 43, no. 26 (September 10, 2004): 5092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.43.005092.

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27

An, Xuejiao, Lin Qi, Jian Zhang, and Xinran Jiang. "Research on dual innovation incentive mechanism in terms of organizations’ differential knowledge absorptive capacity." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 30, 2021): e0256751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256751.

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Differences in the capacity for absorption between different organizations will have an important impact on an organization’s choices of innovation exploration and exploitive innovation strategies. Organizations need to explore correct strategic decisions under different policies for long-term development. This study with limited rational first-mover and late-mover organizations as the research object, based on the evolutionary game theory model, using visualization system deduced first-mover and late-mover organizations in the knowledge absorptive capacity differences and incentive policies under the condition of different strategies selection process. The research shows that the rationality of policy incentive setting has a direct impact on the choice of organizational dual innovation strategy with different knowledge absorption capacities. The market pattern is stable and organizational knowledge absorption capacity is different. The higher the policy incentive level is, the more the organization is inclined to carry out exploratory innovation activities. Under the environment of stable market structure, different organizational knowledge absorption capacity, and no policy incentive, late-mover cannot adopt exploratory innovation strategy alone. When the market pattern is stable and the absorptive capacity of the organization is different, whether the late-mover can adopt the exploratory innovation strategy depends on the policy incentive level. In this case, the optimal situation is to have the opportunity to change to exploratory innovation at the same time as the first-movers.
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28

Ben-David, Avishai. "Temperature dependence of water vapor absorption coefficients for CO_2 differential absorption lidars." Applied Optics 32, no. 36 (December 20, 1993): 7479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.32.007479.

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29

Puķīte, J., S. Kühl, T. Deutschmann, U. Platt, and T. Wagner. "Extending differential optical absorption spectroscopy for limb measurements in the UV." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 2, no. 6 (November 18, 2009): 2919–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-2-2919-2009.

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Abstract. Methods of UV/VIS absorption spectroscopy to determine the constituents in the Earth's atmosphere from measurements of scattered light are often based on the Beer-Lambert law, like e.g. Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS). Therefore they are strictly valid for weak absorptions and narrow wavelength intervals (strictly only for monochromatic radiation). For medium and strong absorption (e.g. along very long light-paths like in limb geometry) the relation between the optical depth and the concentration of an absorber is not linear anymore. As well, for large wavelength intervals the wavelength dependent differences in the travelled light-paths become important, especially in the UV, where the probability for scattering increases strongly with decreasing wavelength. However, by taking into account these dependencies, the applicability of the DOAS method can be extended also to cases with medium to strong absorptions and for broader wavelength intervals. Common approaches for this correction are the so called air mass factor modified (or extended) DOAS and the weighting function modified DOAS. These approaches take into account the wavelength dependency of the slant column densities (SCDs), but also require a-priori knowledge for the air mass factor or the weighting function calculation by radiative transfer modelling. We describe an approach that considers the fitting results obtained from DOAS, the SCDs, as a function of wavelength and vertical optical depth and expands this function into a Taylor series of both quantities. The Taylor coefficients are then applied as additional fitting parameters in the DOAS analysis. Thus the variability of the SCD in the fit window is determined by the retrieval itself. This new approach gives a description of the SCD that is as close to reality as desired (depending on the order of the Taylor expansion), and is independent from any assumptions or a-priori knowledge of the considered absorbers. In case studies for simulated and measured spectra in the UV (332–357 nm), we demonstrate the improvement by this approach for the retrieval of vertical profiles of BrO from the SCIAMACHY limb observations. Compared to the standard DOAS approach, the results for BrO obtained from the simulated spectra are closer to the true profile, when applying the new method for the SCDs of ozone. Also for the measured spectra the agreement with validation measurements is improved significantly, especially for cases with strong ozone absorption. While the focus of this article is on the improvement of the BrO profile retrieval from the SCIAMACHY limb measurements, the novel approach may be applied for a wide range of DOAS retrievals.
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30

Lampel, Johannes, Johannes Zielcke, Stefan Schmitt, Denis Pöhler, Udo Frieß, Ulrich Platt, and Thomas Wagner. "Detection of O<sub>4</sub> absorption around 328 and 419 nm in measured atmospheric absorption spectra." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 3 (February 6, 2018): 1671–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1671-2018.

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Abstract. Retrieving the column of an absorbing trace gas from spectral data requires that all absorbers in the corresponding wavelength range are sufficiently well known. This is especially important for the retrieval of weak absorbers, whose absorptions are often in the 10−4 range. Previous publications on the absorptions of the oxygen dimer O2–O2 (or short: O4) list absorption peaks at 328 and 419 nm, for which no spectrally resolved literature cross sections are available. As these absorptions potentially influence the spectral retrieval of various trace gases, such as HCHO, BrO, OClO and IO, their shape and magnitude need to be quantified. We assume that the shape of the absorption peaks at 328 and 419 nm can be approximated by their respective neighbouring absorption peaks. Using this approach we obtain estimates for the wavelength of the absorption and its magnitude. Using long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) observations and multi-axis DOAS (MAX-DOAS) observations, we estimate the peak absorption cross sections of O4 to be (1.96 ± 0.20) × 10−47 cm5 molec−2 and determine the wavelength of its maximum at 328.59 ± 0.15 nm. For the absorption at 419.13 ± 0.42 nm a peak O4 cross-section value is determined to be (5.0 ± 3.5) × 10−48 cm5 molec−2.
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31

Jia Pengcheng, 贾鹏程, 曹念文 Cao Nianwen, 范广强 Fan Guangqiang, and 赵忆睿 Zhao Yirui. "重污染过程的差分吸收激光雷达监测." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 58, no. 9 (2021): 0901002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop202158.0901002.

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32

Wei, Ming, Jun Qian, Qiuqiang Zhan, Fuhong Cai, Arash Gharibi, and Sailing He. "Differential absorption optical coherence tomography with strong absorption contrast agents of gold nanorods." Frontiers of Optoelectronics in China 2, no. 2 (March 21, 2009): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-009-0012-1.

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33

Liudchik, Alexander M. "Further advancement of differential optical absorption spectroscopy: theory of orthogonal optical absorption spectroscopy." Applied Optics 53, no. 23 (August 7, 2014): 5211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.53.005211.

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34

Millán, L., M. Lebsock, N. Livesey, S. Tanelli, and G. Stephens. "Differential absorption radar techniques – Part 1: Surface pressure." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 6 (June 10, 2014): 5795–827. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-5795-2014.

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Abstract. Two radar pulses sent at different frequencies near the 60 GHz O2 absorption band can be used to determine surface pressure by measuring the differential absorption on and off the band. Results of inverting synthetic data assuming an airborne radar are presented. The analysis includes the effects of temperature, water vapor, hydrometeors as well as particle size distributions and surface backscatter uncertainties. Results show that an airborne radar (with sensitivity of −20 and 0.05 dBZ speckle and relative calibration uncertainties and a 400 m by 400 m footprint) can estimate surface pressure with a precision of ~ 1.0 hPa and accuracy better than 1.0 hPa for clear-sky and cloudy conditions and better than 3.5 hPa for precipitating conditions. Generally, accuracy would be around 0.5 and 2 hPa for non-precipitating and precipitating conditions, respectively.
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35

Wang Shaolin, 汪少林, 谢军 Xie Jun, 曹开法 Cao Kaifa, 苏嘉 Su Jia, 赵培涛 Zhao Peitao, 胡顺星 Hu Shunxing, 魏合理 Wei Heli, and 胡欢陵 Hu Huanlin. "Monitoring O3in Atmosphere by Raman-Differential Absorption Method." Chinese Journal of Lasers 35, no. 5 (2008): 739–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl20083505.0739.

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36

Hönninger, G., C. von Friedeburg, and U. Platt. "Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 3, no. 6 (November 11, 2003): 5595–658. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-5595-2003.

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Abstract. Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is a novel measurement technique that represents a significant advance on the well-established zenith scattered sunlight DOAS instruments which are mainly sensitive to stratospheric absorbers. MAX-DOAS utilizes scattered sunlight received from multiple viewing directions. The spatial distribution of various trace gases close to the instrument can be derived by combining several viewing directions. Ground based MAX-DOAS is highly sensitive to absorbers in the lowest few kilometres of the atmosphere and vertical profile information can be retrieved by combining the measurements with Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) calculations. The potential of the technique for a wide variety of studies of tropospheric trace species and its (few) limitations are discussed. A Monte Carlo RTM is applied to calculate Airmass Factors (AMF) for the various viewing geometries of MAX-DOAS. Airmass Factors can be used to quantify the light path length within the absorber layers. The airmass factor dependencies on the viewing direction and the influence of several parameters (trace gas profile, ground albedo, aerosol profile and type, solar zenith and azimuth angles) are investigated. In addition we give a brief description of the instrumental MAX-DOAS systems realised and deployed so far. The results of the RTM studies are compared to several examples of recent MAX-DOAS field experiments and an outlook for future possible applications is given.
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37

Hönninger, G., C. von Friedeburg, and U. Platt. "Multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS)." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 4, no. 1 (February 9, 2004): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-231-2004.

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Abstract. Multi Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the atmosphere is a novel measurement technique that represents a significant advance on the well-established zenith scattered sunlight DOAS instruments which are mainly sensitive to stratospheric absorbers. MAX-DOAS utilizes scattered sunlight received from multiple viewing directions. The spatial distribution of various trace gases close to the instrument can be derived by combining several viewing directions. Ground based MAX-DOAS is highly sensitive to absorbers in the lowest few kilometres of the atmosphere and vertical profile information can be retrieved by combining the measurements with Radiative Transfer Model (RTM) calculations. The potential of the technique for a wide variety of studies of tropospheric trace species and its (few) limitations are discussed. A Monte Carlo RTM is applied to calculate Airmass Factors (AMF) for the various viewing geometries of MAX-DOAS. Airmass Factors can be used to quantify the light path length within the absorber layers. The airmass factor dependencies on the viewing direction and the influence of several parameters (trace gas profile, ground albedo, aerosol profile and type, solar zenith and azimuth angles) are investigated. In addition we give a brief description of the instrumental MAX-DOAS systems realised and deployed so far. The results of the RTM studies are compared to several examples of recent MAX-DOAS field experiments and an outlook for future possible applications is given.
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38

Ayrapetyan, Valerik, and Alexander Makeev. "EXPLOSIVES LASER PROBING BY DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 9 (2019): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-9-120-125.

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A scheme of a lidar complex for remote identification of explosives by the method of differential absorption and scattering is proposed. Computational studies on the remote study of the spectroscopic parameters of some explosives (TNT, TATR, DNT) were carried out.
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39

Edner, Hans, Kent Fredriksson, Anders Sunesson, and Wilhelm Wendt. "Monitoring Cl_2 using a differential absorption lidar system." Applied Optics 26, no. 16 (August 15, 1987): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.26.003183.

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40

Pearsall, T. P. "Differential optical absorption spectroscopy in Ge‐Si superlattices." Applied Physics Letters 60, no. 14 (April 6, 1992): 1712–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.107194.

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41

Dinovitser, Alex, Murray W. Hamilton, and Robert A. Vincent. "Stabilized master laser system for differential absorption lidar." Applied Optics 49, no. 17 (June 3, 2010): 3274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.003274.

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42

Fix, Andreas, Mathieu Quatrevalet, Axel Amediek, and Martin Wirth. "Energy calibration of integrated path differential absorption lidars." Applied Optics 57, no. 26 (September 7, 2018): 7501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.57.007501.

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43

Spuler, Scott, Todd Bernatsky, Catharine Bunn, Joshua Carnes, Matthew Hayman, Kevin Repasky, Robert Stillwell, and Tammy Weckwerth. "A Micro-Pulse Differential Absorption Lidar Test Network." EPJ Web of Conferences 237 (2020): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023705001.

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The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and Montana State University (MSU) have developed a test network of five micro-pulse Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) instruments to continuously measure high-vertical-resolution water vapor in the lower atmosphere. The instruments are accurate, low-cost, operate unattended, and eye-safe – all key features to enable larger ‘national-scale’ networks needed to characterize atmo-spheric moisture variability which influences important processes related to weather and climate.
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44

Ben-David, Avishai. "Optimal bandwidth for topographical differential absorption lidar detection." Applied Optics 35, no. 9 (March 20, 1996): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.35.001531.

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45

Plaksin, Oleg, Yoshihiko Takeda, Hiroshi Amekura, and Naoki Kishimoto. "Radiation-induced differential optical absorption of metal nanoparticles." Applied Physics Letters 88, no. 20 (May 15, 2006): 201915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2205161.

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46

Chuang, K. Y., C. Y. Chen, T. E. Tzeng, David J. Y. Feng, and T. S. Lay. "Differential absorption spectroscopy on coupled InGaAs quantum dots." Journal of Crystal Growth 311, no. 7 (March 2009): 1767–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2008.11.074.

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47

Morales, J. A., J. Treacy, and S. Coffey. "Urban ozone measurements using differential optical absorption spectroscopy." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 379, no. 1 (May 1, 2004): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-004-2515-3.

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Safaai-Jazi, A., C. K. Jen, and G. W. Farnell. "Optical fiber sensor based on differential spectroscopic absorption." Applied Optics 24, no. 15 (August 1, 1985): 2341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.24.002341.

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Ben-Artzi, Matania, and Allen Devinatz. "The limiting absorption principle for partial differential operators." Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society 66, no. 364 (1987): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/memo/0364.

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50

Valkunas, L., Sh Kudzhmauskas, and G. Trinkunas. "Picosecond differential absorption spectroscopy of photosynthetic bacterial chromatophores." Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics 15, no. 8 (August 31, 1985): 1117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1985v015n08abeh007591.

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