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Journal articles on the topic 'Differential aptitude test'
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1
Angoff, William H., and Eugene G. Johnson. "The Differential Impact of Curriculum on Aptitude Test Scores." Journal of Educational Measurement 27, no. 4 (December 1990): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1990.tb00750.x.
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Reuterberg, Sven‐Eric. "On Differential Selection in the Swedish Scholastic Aptitude Test." Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research 42, no. 1 (March 1998): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0031383980420105.
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Preetam Pyari, Kritika Mishra, and Binti Dua. "A Study of Impact of Aptitude in Mathematics as Stream Selection at Higher Secondary Level." Issues and Ideas in Education 4, no. 2 (September 5, 2016): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/iie.2016.42011.
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Present study explores the aptitude among higher secondary students. It is aimed to find out the effect of stream selection in terms of aptitude. A sample of 100 students has been taken from a government senior secondary school of Agra, Uttar Pradesh-India. Data is collected by administering Differential Aptitude Test (DAT). Result showed that there is found significant effect of aptitude in the stream selection process of the students and for mathematics numerical reasoning, clerical speed and accuracy, mechanical and verbal reasoning constitute the significant role for mathematics as careers option at higher secondary level.
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Nijenhuis, Jan Te, Arne Evers, and Jakko P. Mur. "Validity of the Differential Aptitude Test for the Assessment of Immigrant Children." Educational Psychology 20, no. 1 (March 2000): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/014434100110416.
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Lynn, Richard. "Sex Differences on the Differential Aptitude Test in British and American Adolescents." Educational Psychology 12, no. 2 (January 1992): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144341920120201.
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Angoff, William H., and Eugene G. Johnson. "A STUDY OF THE DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF CURRICULUM ON APTITUDE TEST SCORES." ETS Research Report Series 1988, no. 2 (December 1988): i—110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2330-8516.1988.tb00302.x.
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Setiawati, Farida Agus. "Aptitude Test's Predictive Ability for Academic Success in Psychology Student." Psychological Research and Intervention 3, no. 1 (September 30, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pri.v3i1.34731.
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The developments that occur in psychological measurement have an effect on the development of the quality of the tests used. Differential Aptitude Test (DAT) is a form of psychological test used to measure a person's talent. Measurement of aspects of talent needs to be proven on the success of post-aptitude test studies. Therefore, this study aims to examine: (1) the predictive validity of differential aptitude tests in predicting study success in psychology study programs, and (2) which subtests are influential in predicting the success of studies in psychology study programs. Data collection was carried out using test techniques and documentation techniques. The research subjects were 62 students majoring in psychology at Yogyakarta State University in the academic year 2016/2017. The data obtained were then analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis techniques, where the subtest scores on the DAT were treated as predictors and the Grade Point Average scores were treated as the dependent variable. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that: (1) the DAT test can predict the success of the study in the psychology study program; and (2) the subtest in DAT that has the most influence in predicting the success of the study in the psychology study program is the verbal subtest and the numerical subtest
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Gavrilova, E. V. "Individual differences in foreign language aptitude and its relation to fluid and crystallized intelligence." Современная зарубежная психология 7, no. 2 (2018): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2018070202.
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This article presents the empirical results of the study on the interaction between fluid and crystallized intelligence and individual differences in foreign language aptitude. The three-factor model of cognitive abilities was constructed and showed a suitable fit to empirical data. According to the model the latent factor of foreign language aptitude demonstrated strong positive correlations with the factors of both fluid and crystallized intelligence. Another important empirical result supports the existence of different patterns of relationships which disclose the variables under study as depending on the level of productivity in the language sphere. Namely, it was shown that on the high level of foreign language test performance there were no significant interactions between foreign language aptitude and different parameters of fluid and crystallized intelligence assessments. We discuss our findings in terms of contemporary approaches to understanding of differential impact of certain cognitive factors on foreign language aptitude
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Schmitt, Alicia P., and Carole A. Bleistein. "FACTORS AFFECTING DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING FOR BLACK EXAMINEES ON SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST ANALOGY ITEMS1." ETS Research Report Series 1987, no. 1 (June 1987): i—46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2330-8516.1987.tb00227.x.
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Oosterveld, Paul, and Harrie C. M. Vorst. "Note on Reliability and Validity of Self-Evaluation of Ability Scales." Perceptual and Motor Skills 82, no. 3 (June 1996): 991–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1996.82.3.991.
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A four-scale questionnaire on self-evaluation of ability was developed, testing 402 pupils. The Differential Aptitude Test was used as the criterion for estimating validity. Values of Cronbach alpha for the Verbal, Reasoning, Spatial, and Numerical Ability scales ranged from .74 to .86. The Reasoning Ability scale lacked validity.
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Beresnevičienė, D. "Vyresniųjų paauglių techniniai sugebėjimai." Psichologija 12 (December 23, 2015): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/psichol.1993.12.9049.
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Straipsnyje pateikiamas Lietuvos bendrojo ugdymo mokyklų 8 ir 9 klasės mokinių tyrimas, naudojant DAT (Differential Aptitude Test). Siekiant suprasti veiksnius, veikiančius mechaninio samprotavimo lygmenį ir erdvinius santykių suvokimą, buvo ištirtą 1100 mokinių. Tyrimas rodo, kad tarp abiejų gebėjimų egzistuoja ryšys. Aukšti techniniai gebėjimai siejosi su polinkiu į technines veiklas, amžiumi ir lytimi.
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French, Christopher C., and J. Graham Beaumont. "The differential aptitude test (language usage and spelling): A clinical study of a computerized form." Current Psychology 10, no. 1-2 (March 1991): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02686779.
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Keller, Johannes. "Differential Gender and Ethnic Differences in Math Performance." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 220, no. 3 (January 2012): 164–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000109.
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The present research investigates the role of self-regulatory mechanisms in the context of gender and ethnic differences (between African Americans and Caucasians) in math test performance. Building on two basic notions proposed in regulatory focus theory, it is argued that gender and ethnic differences in math performance are particularly pronounced under conditions where prevention-focused self-regulation is activated (by emphasizing point deductions for mistakes). This assumption refers to a specific mechanism documented in previous research on regulatory focus theory: The differential-sensitivity mechanism according to which a prevention focus renders individuals particularly sensitive with regard to negative information (such as negative performance expectancies). Results of an archival data analysis document a substantial differential gender and ethnic gap in math performance as a function of test instruction (involving point deductions for mistakes or not) supporting the proposed differential gender and ethnic-gap hypothesis. The gap between women and men as well as the gap between African-American and Caucasian test takers is substantially larger in the Scholastic Aptitude Test for math (which involves point deductions for mistakes) than in the corresponding American College Test.
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Alnabhan, Mousa, and Michael Harwell. "PSYCHOMETRIC CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING A COLLEGE ADMISSION TEST FOR JORDAN." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 5 (January 1, 2001): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.5.445.
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In 1998, the Jordanian Council of Higher Education authorized the construction of a standardized aptitude test that would be used to assist colleges and universities in admissions decisions. This paper reports the results of a study that examined whether test items were operating as desired and path analyses that explored predictors of student performance for a highly selective sample of Jordanian students. Item analyses indicated that thirty percent of the items showed inadequate discrimination or inappropriate difficulty levels, and an additional nineteen percent of the items showed evidence of differential item functioning attributable to sex. The path analyses indicated that the strongest predictors of performance emerged for female students and included parental educational level and whether students attended a government-sponsored school or a private school. For males, the same predictive relationships were negligible.
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Dale, Philip S., and Kevin N. Cole. "Comparison of Academic and Cognitive Programs for Young Handicapped Children." Exceptional Children 54, no. 5 (February 1988): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001440298805400507.
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Two highly contrasting models of early education for mildly handicapped children, Direct Instruction and Mediated Learning, were compared in a randomized design. A systematic classroom observation system validated differences between the two programs. Both programs evidenced gains for pupils, but with a differential effect for specific measures: Direct Instruction led to greater gains on the Test of Early Language Development and the Basic Language Concepts test; whereas Mediated Learning led to greater gains on the McCarthy Verbal and Memory Scales and Mean Length of Utterance. No significant aptitude-by-treatment interactions were obtained.
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Sehmitt, Alieia P. "Language and Cultural Characteristics That Explain Differential Item Functioning for Hispanic Examinees on the Scholastic Aptitude Test." Journal of Educational Measurement 25, no. 1 (March 1988): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1988.tb00287.x.
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Carlton, Sydell T., and Abigail M. Harris. "CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH DIFFERENTIAL ITEM FUNCTIONING ON THE SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST: GENDER AND MAJORITY/MINORITY GROUP COMPARISONS." ETS Research Report Series 1992, no. 2 (December 1992): i—143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.1992.tb01495.x.
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Chen, Michelle Y., Yan Liu, and Bruno D. Zumbo. "A Propensity Score Method for Investigating Differential Item Functioning in Performance Assessment." Educational and Psychological Measurement 80, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 476–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164419878861.
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This study introduces a novel differential item functioning (DIF) method based on propensity score matching that tackles two challenges in analyzing performance assessment data, that is, continuous task scores and lack of a reliable internal variable as a proxy for ability or aptitude. The proposed DIF method consists of two main stages. First, propensity score matching is used to eliminate preexisting group differences before the test, ideally creating equivalent groups as in a randomized experimental study. Then, linear mixed effects models are adopted to perform DIF analysis based on the matched data set. We demonstrate this propensity DIF method using a high-stakes functional English language proficiency test. DIF due to education was investigated in the writing component, which consists of two continuously scored performance-based tasks. Although the proposed method is demonstrated in the context of language testing, it can be applied to other types of performance assessments.
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Baker, Karla, Joe Beer, and John Beer. "Self-Esteem, Alcoholism, Sensation Seeking, GPA, and Differential Aptitude Test Scores of High School Students in an Honor Society." Psychological Reports 69, no. 3_suppl (December 1991): 1147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3f.1147.
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29 high school students (10 boys, 19 girls), members of an honor society from a rural north central Kansas school district, were administered the MacAndrew Alcohol Scale, the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory—School Form, and the Sensation Seeking Scale (Form V). Their GPAs and the Differential Aptitude Test scores (verbal reasoning, numerical reasoning, verbal plus numerical reasoning) were collected from their school files. Although ranges were restricted, this group's scores fell within normal levels on these measures. Boys scored higher on the MacAndrew scale, verbal plus numerical reasoning, and sensation seeking than girls. The seniors and juniors scored higher on sensation seeking than the sophomores. Correlations among scores were of low magnitude and likely reflected social pressures on this small scholastically able group.
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Goble, David. "Using the Differential Aptitude Tests for Selection and Prediction in Vocational Education and Training." Australian Journal of Career Development 7, no. 1 (November 1998): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629800700107.
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The Differential Aptitude Tests (DAT) were first published in 1947 and have undergone numerous revisions since then. The tests were standardised in Australia and New Zealand in 1983 and are widely used by guidance counsellors, vocational psychologists, schools and business organisations. This paper reports the findings of a study focusing on the validity of the DAT as a predictor of performance in a post-secondary technical training program. Four subtests from the eight-test battery were used to predict student performance in two electronic engineering units: Electronic Principles and Digital Electronics. The sample consisted of 213 electronic engineering students with a mean age of 21.4 years (SD = 9.5 years). Principal Components Analysis and unweighted least squares factor analysis suggested that the DAT measures general ability and that its differential nature is limited. Hierarchical multiple regression was performed to measure the strength of association between the predictor variables and the criterion measures. The regression analysis indicated that general ability accounted for most of the variance in the criterion measures, ranging between 37 and 41% while specific abilities added, at most, 4% to these figures.
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DORANS, NEIL J., and EDWARD KULICK. "DEMONSTRATING THE UTILITY OF THE STANDARDIZATION APPROACH TO ASSESSING UNEXPECTED DIFFERENTIAL ITEM PERFORMANCE ON THE SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE TEST." Journal of Educational Measurement 23, no. 4 (December 1986): 355–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3984.1986.tb00255.x.
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Marriott, Mary E., and Esther Care. "Fluid and crystallised intelligence and their relationship to school outcome." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 19, no. 2 (2004): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081651220002931x.
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AbstractFew studies exist that address the relationship between the higher order factors of fluid (Go and crystallised (Gc) intelligence and Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE) outcomes. In this study, for each of five cohorts, longitudinal data have been collected over a six-year span, consisting of results from standardised achievement and ability tests and ending with achievement outcomes.Two factors, interpreted as Gf and Gc, are derived from the standardised measures. In Year 7, these measures were the Progressive Achievement Test Mathematics (PAT Moths), Progressive Achievement Test Reading Comprehension (PAT Comprehension), and the jenkins Test of Nonverbal Ability. In Year 10, the measures were the subtests of the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT).These factors are investigated in order to identify whether they are differentially important in regard to VCE Performance. The standardised measures and final VCE results were collected at a Melbourne independent girls' school from 414 exiting Year 12 students, in 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. Both Gf and Gc accounted for a significant amount of the variance in VCE performance, with Gc being the most significant indicator.
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Ben-Chaim, David, Glenda Lappan, and Richard T. Houang. "Development and Analysis of a Spatial Visualization Test for Middle School Boys and Girls." Perceptual and Motor Skills 63, no. 2 (October 1986): 659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1986.63.2.659.
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The development of a paper-and-pencil spatial-visualization test for middle school students is repotted. The test consists of 32 multiple-choice items of 10 different types. The basic figures for the stimuli and the responses for the items vary from flat views, to numerical data, to corner views of “buildings” constructed from small cubes. The test was administered to a sample of 674 boys and 676 girls in Grades 5 through 8 from three sites representing a broad range of socioeconomic background. The reliability coefficients for various groups of students ranged from .72 to .86. The test-retest reliability coefficient for 73 students was .79. Site, grade, and sex differences, consistent with many other reports, were found. For additional 582 students in Grades 8 to 12 at two sites scores correlated .61 and .66 with scores of the Differential Aptitude Space Relations Test.
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BAKER, KARLA. "SELF-ESTEEM, ALCOHOLISM, SENSATION SEEKING, GPA, AND DIFFERENTIAL APTITUDE TEST SCORES OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN AN HONOR SOCIETY." Psychological Reports 69, no. 8 (1991): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.69.8.1147-1150.
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Eccles, Jacquelynne S., and Ming-Te Wang. "What motivates females and males to pursue careers in mathematics and science?" International Journal of Behavioral Development 40, no. 2 (November 22, 2015): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025415616201.
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Drawing on Eccles’ expectancy-value model of achievement-related choices, we examined the personal aptitudes and motivational beliefs at 12th grade that move individuals toward or away from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) occupations at age 29. In the first set of analyses, occupational and lifestyle values, math ability self-concepts, family demographics, and high school course-taking more strongly predicted both individual and gender differences in the likelihood of entering STEM careers than math scores on the Differential Aptitude Test. In the second set of analyses, individual and gender differences in career decisions within STEM disciplines (health, biological, and medical sciences (HBMS) versus mathematics, physical, engineering, and computer sciences (MPECS)) were best predicted by occupational values (i.e. preferences for work that were people oriented and altruistic predicted entrance into HBMS instead of MPECS careers). Females were less likely to hold the beliefs that predicted selection of STEM in general, but those who did choose STEM were more likely to select HBMS than MPECS. One Sentence Summary: Gender differences in selecting STEM related and health, biological, and medical occupations result primarily from gender differences in occupational and lifestyle values.
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Lalovic, Dejan. "Verbal aptitude and the use of grammar information in Serbian language." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 38, no. 2 (2006): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0602317l.
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The research presented in this paper was an attempt to find differences in the use of grammatical information carried by the function words in Serbian. The aim was to determine the level of word processing at which grammatical information shows its differential effects in groups of subjects who themselves differ in verbal ability. For this purpose, the psycholinguistic tasks applied were grammatically primed reading aloud and grammatically primed grammatical classification with an appropriate control of extra-linguistic factors that may have affected aforementioned tasks. Verbal aptitude was assessed in a psychometric manner, and the subjects were divided into "high verbal" and "low verbal" groups. Taking into account statistical control of extra-linguistic factors, the results indicate that groups of high verbal and low verbal subjects cannot be differentiated based on reading aloud performance. The high verbal subjects, however, were more efficient in grammatical classification than low verbal subjects. The results also indicated that the presence of grammatical information embedded in function words-primes had a stronger effect on word processing in low verbal group. Such pattern of results testify to the advantage of high verbal subjects in lexical and post lexical processing, while no differences were established in the word recognition processes. The implications of these findings were considered in terms of test construction for the assessment of verbal ability in Serbian language. .
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Li, Haitao, Xiaoyan Zhang, and Rui Zhao. "Investing in Talents: Manager Characteristics and Hedge Fund Performances." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 46, no. 1 (November 22, 2010): 59–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109010000748.
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AbstractUsing a large sample of hedge fund manager characteristics, we provide one of the first comprehensive studies on the impact of manager characteristics, such as education and career concern, on hedge fund performances. We document differential ability among hedge fund managers in either generating risk-adjusted returns or running hedge funds as a business. In particular, we find that managers from higher-SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) undergraduate institutions tend to have higher raw and risk-adjusted returns, more inflows, and take fewer risks. Unlike mutual funds, we find a rather symmetric relation between hedge fund flows and past performance, and that hedge fund flows do not have a significant negative impact on future performance.
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González Ariza, Antonio, Ander Arando Arbulu, José Manuel León Jurado, Francisco Javier Navas González, Juan Vicente Delgado Bermejo, and María Esperanza Camacho Vallejo. "Discriminant Canonical Tool for Differential Biometric Characterization of Multivariety Endangered Hen Breeds." Animals 11, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 2211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11082211.
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This study aimed to develop a tool to perform the morphological characterization of Sureña and Utrerana breeds, two endangered autochthonous breeds ascribed to the Mediterranean trunk of Spanish autochthonous hens and their varieties (n = 608; 473 females and 135 males). Kruskal–Wallis H test reported sex dimorphism pieces of evidence (p < 0.05 at least). Multicollinearity analysis reported (variance inflation factor (VIF) >5 variables were discarded) white nails, ocular ratio, and back length (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.191, 0.357, and 0.429, respectively) to have the highest discriminant power in female morphological characterization. For males, ocular ratio and black/corneous and white beak colors (Wilks’ lambda values of 0.180, 0.210, and 0.349, respectively) displayed the greatest discriminant potential. The first two functions explained around 90% intergroup variability. A stepwise discriminant canonical analysis (DCA) was used to determine genotype clustering patterns. Interbreed and varieties proximity was evaluated through Mahalanobis distances. Despite the adaptability capacity to alternative production systems ascribed to both avian breeds, Sureña and Utrerana morphologically differ. Breed dimorphism may evidence differential adaptability mechanisms linked to their aptitude (dual purpose/egg production). The present tool may serve as a model for the first stages of breed protection to be applicable in other endangered avian breeds worldwide.
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Ridho, Ali. "Does Multidimensionality Cause DIF?" ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal 33, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v33i2.1583.
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The differential item functioning (DIF) of an item that initially assumed unidimensional is frequently attributed to the assumption of multidimensionality. Therefore, it is important to test the assumption that multidimensionality causes an item to be functionally different between the disadvantaged group (i.e. focal group) and the benefited group (i.e. reference group) on the Aptitude Potential Test for New Student Selection in State Islamic University (AP SPMB-PTAIN). This study aims to: (a) explore and confirm the internal structure of AP SPMB-PTAIN; (b) identify items containing DIF based on the types of school the candidates attended (Madrasah Aliyah/MA, that is, secondary education managed by the Ministry of Religious Affairs, or regular high school/SMA); and (c) evaluate the multidimensionality effects on DIF. The data analyses (n = 10,000) showed that: (1) the internal structure of AP SPMB-PTAIN is semi-complex multidimensional; (2) 15 items contain DIF UIRT (12 items benefited high school graduates while three items benefited MA graduates); five items contain DIF MRT that benefited high school graduates; and (3) the multidimensionality difference between the focal and reference group did not appear to correspond to DIF.
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Dnov, K. V., A. I. Kolchev, D. А. Seregin, V. K. Mikhalsky, V. D. Bigunets, and A. N. Yatmanov. "Prediction of Suicidal Behavior in Students at Military Academies." Doctor.Ru 19, no. 9 (2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31550/1727-2378-2020-19-9-65-70.
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Study Objective: To develop a mathematical model for predicting suicide risk in students at military academies. Study Design: This was a comparative prospective study. Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty-three students at the Naval Polytechnic Institute, a subdivision of the Naval Academy named for the Admiral of the Fleet of the Soviet Union N.G. Kuznetsov, participated in the study. Assessment of the participants was done with the following tools: “The Ratio of Value and Accessibility in Various Areas of Life,” “Self-reflection Test,” “Semantic Differential,” “Military Occupational Aptitude,” and the “Mental Well-being Scale” questionnaire. Discriminative analysis was done to develop a mathematical model for predicting suicide risk. Study Results: Participants at high risk for suicide had scores for their personal emotional attitude towards the concepts “military service” and “ego ideal” that were lower by a statistically significant margin (p<0.05), and higher levels of self-reflection. In addition, more of them had intrapsychic conflict. The combination of these psychological characteristics was a risk factor for suicidal behavior in these military academy students. Conclusion: An informative model for predicting suicide risk in naval academy students was created, using discriminant modelling. Keywords: suicide risk, prediction, officer trainee, semantic differential, military servicemen
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Paliy, Anatoliy. "Cognitive-Style Approach to Psychological Support of the Gifted Pupils Mountain Schools of the Ukrainian Carpathians." Journal of Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University 1, no. 2-3 (December 22, 2014): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/jpnu.1.2-3.181-187.
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The differential-cognitological point of view, giftedness is “a systemic quality of apersonality that develops throughout life and determines their abilities to achieve exceptionallyhigh results in one or more activities compared to those of other people”. Herewith, it is thefundamental concept of general aptitude, under which “the level of general abilities developmentthat determines the range of activities in which a person can achieve great success” is understood.Within the structure of general aptitude intellectual giftedness is singled out as the level ofdevelopment, as well as the type of organization of individual mental experience, which ensure anopportunity of creative intellectual activity, i. e. an activity, related to the creation of subjectivelyand objectively new ideas, to the use of innovative approaches to solving problems and opennessto controversial aspects of the situation and so on. In order to identify talented children and adultsthe value of intellectual quotient (IQ) is still most commonly used. Psychometric approach (themeasurement of psychic phenomena with the help of standardized IQ tests) to the diagnosis ofintellectual giftedness, which is dominant in psychological diagnostics today, by definition, cannot“measure” the phenomena of an individual psyche, since the modern level of psychological sciencedoes not allow to proceed to psychological diagnosis, let alone prediction of a certain person`sbehavior, on the basis of individual results in performing a psychological test (psychometric test ofintelligence, personality questionnaire, projective methods etc).In our opinion, many problems in psychological and pedagogical support of gifted childrencould be avoided by making use of cognitive-style approach to diagnosis of intellectual giftedness,creative abilities, propensities and peculiar mental traits of a separate individuality. Objectivity ofsuch an approach is corroborated by the results of individual cognitive styles (hereinafter CS)diagnostics, carried out by means of experimental techniques. In contrast to standardized tests,such techniques allow to perform diagnostic tests individually and reveal the peculiarities of thearrangement and functioning of an individual mind.Obviously, nowadays we are faced with the need for providing theoretical, methodological andempirical grounds for the development of a conceptual model that would consider giftedness as anintegral psychological system, all aspects of which could be understood in the context of agedynamics and mental experience of an individual. CS approach to interpreting and diagnosis ofgiftedness provides a reliable theoretical basis for working out a systematic methodology ofpsychological diagnostics of the general aptitude, as it meets the basic principles of humanizationof the educational environment in Ukraine. CS approach is child-centered, therefore, it brings infocus individual uniqueness and originality of each child.
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Sastre-Riba, Sylvia, Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero, and Antoni Castelló-Tarrida. "Stability of Measure In High Intellectual Ability: Preliminary Results." Anales de Psicología 34, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.34.3.315181.
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Despite there having been improvements in efficiency and ease on test scoring for individuals with high intellectual ability, the stability of these scores is not assured. The main objective of our research is a preliminary detection of variations in test scores from a group of children that were identified as having HIA. This was done by means of a single-time assessment of children currently following an enrichment program. A total of n=26 students participated (19 male and 7 female) in the study. The age range was between 12 and 17 years, being the average age 13.89 years (SD = 1.09 years). Differential Aptitude Test (DAT-5) and Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) were used to assess the logical-deductive intellectual skills and creative thinking. The results show that test scores may change in a considerable amount in many supposedly HIA individuals. More than 30% of the variance cannot be attributed to common components in the two measurements points. The scores in creativity were the most fluctuating, something that could be expected of these scales having the lowest reliability indexes. Only eight participants remain steady, according to the one standard deviation criterion, and it is quite notorious that two participants show a decrease in three subscales out of five. On the other hand, two other participants have shown an increase in one subscale as well as a decrease in another. In order to foster HIA individuals and their wellbeing, it is essential to be careful with mistaken diagnoses (false-negatives and false-positives), given the fact that they will lead to developmental consequences.
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Wardani, Tristina, IGAN Sugitha Adnyana, IGA Trisna Windiani, Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih, and Luh Kadek Pande Ary Susilawati. "Sarapan dan Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Hasil Tes Kecepatan dan Ketelitian pada Remaja." Sari Pediatri 20, no. 1 (August 10, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/sp20.1.2018.31-6.
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Latar belakang. Konsumsi sarapan berdampak positif pada remaja, yaitu meningkatkan kecukupan makanan, penurunan risiko kelebihan berat badan, obesitas dan, meningkatkan fungsi kognitif. Remaja yang melewatkan sarapan memiliki masalah perhatian lebih banyak yang memengaruhi performa belajar. Tes kecepatan dan ketelitian (differential aptitude test) digunakan untuk mengukur respon terhadap tugas atau pekerjaan, yang meliputi kecepatan persepsi, respon terhadap kombinasi huruf-angka, ingatan jangka pendek, pemahaman simbol, bekerja secara detail, dan kesuksesan akademik. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan sarapan dengan hasil tes kecepatan dan ketelitian pada remaja.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Pemilihan sekolah menengah pertama (SMP) di Kotamadya Denpasar menggunakan metode purposive.Hasil. Pelajar SMP yang mengikuti penelitian 175 orang. Pada analisis multivariat regresi logistik didapatkan sarapan, jenis kelamin perempuan dan durasi tidur >9 jam memiliki hubungan dengan hasil tes kecepatan dan ketelitian yang baik secara signifikan (p=0,005; OR 2,5; IK95%: 1,322-4,924), (p=0,001; OR 2,9; IK95%: 1,545–5,764) dan (p =0,04; OR 1,9; IK95%: 1,028–3,874). Kesimpulan. Sarapan, jenis kelamin perempuan, dan durasi jam tidur >9 jam secara signifikan memiliki hubungan dengan hasil tes kecepatan dan ketelitian yang baik.
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Taulena, Susana. "Pengaruh Bakat Numerikal Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Menegah Atas." JAMBURA Guidance and Counseling Journal 1, no. 2 (November 3, 2020): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37411/jgcj.v1i2.532.
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Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 4 Ambon memiliki Jumlah siswa kelas X sebanyak 365 orang dan kelas X-8 berjumlah 29 orang. Ada sebagian Siswa kelas X-8 yang memiliki Prestasi Belajar yang rendah atau tidak mencapai KKM yaitu 75. Prestasi Belajar yang rendah dipengaruhui oleh beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah bakat akademik yaitu bakat numerikal atau kemampuan memahami konsep yang berkaitan dengan angka-angka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Bakat Numerikal Terhadap Prestasi belajar Siswa Kelas X (Sepuluh). Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah kelas X yang berjumlah 365 orang dan dipilih sebagai sampel secara teknik sampling purposive. Sampling purposive adalah teknik pengambilan sampel atas pertimbangan tertentu, yang berjumlah 29 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes tertulis kemampuan numerikal yaitu Tes Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), dan pendataan nilai prestasi belajar dari rapot semester ganjil-genap. Pengujian data dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi linear sederhana dan selanjutnya menggunakan program komputer SPSS – 20. Hasil penelitian dengan persamaan regresi : Ý = ß + (b1 .X1) Prestasi belajar matematika = 8,084 + (2.549 x X1) antara kemampuan numerikal mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar karena mempunyai nilai Thitung (17.4422) > Ttabel (1.699) dengan taraf signifikansi 0.05. ini berarti Hipotesa H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima artinya variabel bakat numerikal memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap prestasi belajar.
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Krisna, Idwin Irma, Djemari Mardapi, and Saifuddin Azwar. "Determining standard of academic potential based on the Indonesian Scholastic Aptitude Test (TBS) benchmark." Research and Evaluation in Education 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/reid.v2i2.8465.
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The aim of this article was to classify The Indonesian Scholastic Aptitude Test or Tes Bakat Skolastik (TBS) results for each subtest and describe scholastic aptitudes in each subtest. The subject of this study was 36,125 prospective students who took the selection test in some universities. Data analysis began by estimating testees’ ability using the Item Response Theory, and benchmarking process using the scale anchoring method applying ASP.net web server technology. The results of this research are four benchmarks (based on cutoff scores) on each subtest, characters which differentiate potential for each benchmark, and measurement error on each benchmark. The items netted give a description of the scholastic aptitude potential clearly and indicate uniqueness so that it could distinguish difference in potential between a lower bench and a higher bench. At a higher bench, a higher level of reasoning power is required in analyzing and processing needed information so that the individual concerned could do the problem solving with the right solution. The items netted at a lower bench in the three subtests tend to be few so that the error of measurement at such a bench still tends to be higher compared to that at a higher bench.
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Colonia-Willner, Regina. "Investing in Practical Intelligence: Ageing and Cognitive Efficiency among Executives." International Journal of Behavioral Development 23, no. 3 (September 1999): 591–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/016502599383711.
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This paper has two objectives. (1) To review in part empirical evidence obtained in a recent study on practical intelligence in bank managers (Colonia-Willner, 1998). (2) To discuss the implications of these findings for the study of practical intelligence, expertise, and compensatory abilities. The first goal of the initial study was to determine whether managerial practical intelligence is preserved in older bank managers whereas differences in psychometric measures of reasoning are associated with age. The second was to verify whether practical intelligence measures better predict managerial job performance than traditional psychometric tests. Two hundred bank managers (43 experts and 157 nonexperts) participated in the initial study. Increased age appeared to be associated with lower performance in the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (Raven’s) and the Verbal Reasoning subtest of the Differential Aptitude Test (DAT), but less so with the Tacit Knowledge Inventory for Managers (TKIM). Although scoring lower on psychometric reasoning measures, the best performing older managers, on average, exhibited high levels of tacit knowledge, an instantiation of practical knowledge acquired in situations where information is not openly expressed. TKIM predicted managerial skill; DAT and Raven’s did not. These findings suggest: (1) that stabilisation of some aspects of intelligence may occur in old age; and (2) that domain-specific knowledge may contribute to compensation for age-related losses in functioning.
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Benbow, Camilla Persson. "Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability in intellectually talented preadolescents: Their nature, effects, and possible causes." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 11, no. 2 (June 1988): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00049244.
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AbstractSeveral hundred thousand intellectually talented 12-to 13-year-olds have been tested nationwide over the past 16 years with the mathematics and verbal sections of the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT). Although no sex differences in verbal ability have been found, there have been consistent sex differences favoring males in mathematical reasoning ability, as measured by the mathematics section of the SAT (SAT-M). These differences are most pronounced at the highest levels of mathematical reasoning, they are stable over time, and they are observed in other countries as well. The sex difference in mathematical reasoning ability can predict subsequent sex differences in achievement in mathematics and science and is therefore of practical importance. To date a primarily environmental explanation for the difference in ability has not received support from the numerous studies conducted over many years by the staff of Study of Mathematically Precocious Youth (SMPY) and others. We have studied some of the classical environmental hypotheses: attitudes toward mathematics, perceived usefulness of mathematics, confidence, expectations/ encouragement from parents and others, sex-typing, and differential course-taking. In addition, several physiological correlates of extremely high mathematical reasoning ability have been identified (left-handedness, allergies, myopia, and perhaps bilateral representation of cognitive functions and prenatal hormonal exposure). It is therefore proposed that the sex difference in SAT-M scores among intellectually talented students, which may be related to greater male variability, results from both environmental and biological factors.
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Wilson, Jean, and Claudia R. Wright. "The Predictive Validity of Student Self- Evaluations, Teachers' Assessments, and Grades for Performance on the Verbal Reasoning and Numerical Ability Scales of the Differential Aptitude Test for a Sample of Secondary School Students Attj7Ending Rural Appalachia Schools." Educational and Psychological Measurement 53, no. 1 (March 1993): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164493053001029.
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Peixoto, Renato Mesquita, Alice Andrioli, Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro, Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves, Vanderlan Warlington Souza Dos Santos, Maximiana Mesquita De Souza, Dalva Alana Aragão De Azevedo, Edgar Marques Damasceno, and Maria Fátima da Silva Teixeira. "Mycoplasma agalactiae in Dairy Goat Flocks Bred in State of Ceará in Association with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (February 27, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.86091.
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Background: Contagious agalactia is an infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae (M. agalactiae) that occurs in small ruminants leading to productive and economic losses. Due to the similarity of clinical signs presented in Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), which is a viral disease, a differential diagnosis is important. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-Mycoplasma agalactiae antibodies in dairy goat flocks in Ceará State and possible correlation with CAE.Materials, Methods & Results: The research was performed in four mesoregions in Ceará State (Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza-MRF; Northeast Ceará - NeC; North Ceará - NC; Sertões in Ceará - SC), from which 16 productions located in 10 cities with the highest representativeness for goat milk production within the State or mesoregion were sampled. A total of 417 females and 69 males (486 animals) of breeds with dairy production aptitude, pure or crossbreed, maintained in semi-intensive or intensive systems, were tested. Blood serum was obtained by venipuncture of the jugular vein with vacuum pressure syringe followed by centrifugation at 1,500 g for 10min. Antibodies against the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) were detected with micro technique of agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and Western Blot (WB). The anti-Mycoplasma agalactiae antibodies were detected with commercial kit of enzymatic immunoassay (IDEXX Laboratories™). Seroprevalence of M. agalactiae in dairy goat flocks in Ceará State was 0.62% (3/486). From the total of 16 visited productions, 18.75% (3/16) had seropositive animals for M. agalactiae located in MRF, NC and SC mesoregions. CAE was diagnosed in 56.25% (9/16) of productions with AGID and in 81.25% (13/16) with WB. In addition, 5.2% (25/486) of animals were seropositive for CAE with AGID and 16.6% (80/486) with WB. Animals that reacted positive for M. agalactiae were all females of pure breed with milk production aptitude in distinct mesoregions submitted to intensive rearing system. None of these animals was positive in neither test (AGID or WB) for CAE. Therefore, no correlation of results obtained in diagnosis of M. agalactiae by ELISA and CAEV by AGID or WB (P < 0.05) was identified. However, two out of three productions that were positive for M. agalactiae presented positive results for CAEV with frequencies of 10% and 20%.Discussion: Seroprevalence of M. agalactiae in Ceará State was low in comparison with other Brazilian states and even other countries. However, the presence of the pathogen in more than one mesoregion indicates that the disease occurs in different locations within the State. Therefore, flocks in Ceará are susceptible to the infection, which may be favored by uncontrolled commerce that occurs with deficient surveillance, associated with the importation of animals to improve flock genetic quality. The presence of the pathogen in dairy goats may contribute to significant losses in the local production. On the other hand, CAE was diagnosedin nearly all productions proving the dissemination of this lentivirus infection among dairy goat flocks in Ceará State. Although an association between these diseases was not identified, the presence of a retrovirus in the organism may favor co-infection with another micro-organism, promoting the deficiency in the immune system of the host. In conclusion, M. agalactiae is present in different mesoregions of the Ceará State and control measures should be adopted in short term to prevent pathogen dissemination and, consequently reduce economic and productive losses in the local dairy goat production. No correlation was identified between the prevalence of infection by CAEV and M. agalactiae in this study.Keywords: correlation, diagnosis, caprine lentivirus, mycoplasmosis.
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Schneiderman, Eta, and Marjorie B. Wesche. "Right Hemisphere Processing and Foreign Language Aptitude." ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics 71 (January 1, 1986): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/itl.71.03sch.
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In this paper we attempt to link three research areas in the field of second language acquisition : cerebral lateralization for language, language aptitude, and success in inductive versus deductive approaches to language teaching. Based on findings from these three areas, we argue that right as well as left hemisphere type processing may play a role in language acquisition at any age. Furthermore, individuals vary in their ability to use the characteristic processing modes of the two hemispheres and these individual differences may partially underly differences in performance on language aptitude measures as well as success in different language teaching approaches. A study of English-speaking adults is reported. The study tests the hypothesis that different components of language aptitude, as measured by subtests II and IV of the Modern Language Aptitude Test (Carroll and Sapon 1959) may represent functions which are differentially lateralized. Specifically, subtest II, Phonetic Coding, is hypothesized to require at least some right hemisphere processing, whereas subtest IV, Words in Sentences, is hypothesized to rely more on left hemisphere processing. MLAT subtest scores are correlated with scores on an English dichotic listening test. Evidence is found to support the hypothesis that right hemisphere linked abilities may underly some aspects of language aptitude. These findings are discussed in the light of other studies relating MLAT scores and hemisphere preference to success in deductive versus inductive second language courses.
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Oosthuizen, Stanley. "Mathematical Abilities of Preschool Children as Measured by the Aptitude Test for School Beginners." Perceptual and Motor Skills 73, no. 3_suppl (December 1991): 1075–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1991.73.3f.1075.
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The domain of preschool testing has received considerable attention in recent years. This study investigated which mathematical tasks are found most difficult at preschool level for boys and girls of two separate age groups, which tasks indicate a developmental tendency and which differentiate between the sexes. A sample of 60 children (30 boys and 30 girls) aged 5 yr., 6 mo. to 5 yr., 11 mo. were included as well as a sample of 60 children (30 boys and 30 girls) aged 6 yr., 0 mo. to 6 yr., 5 mo. The items referring to the basic arithmetic operations (+, -, x, ÷) were encountered as most difficult, certain items clearly indicated developmental changes, and no items differed significantly in difficulty for boys and girls of the same age.
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Shaffer, Justin F., Julie Ferguson, and Kameryn Denaro. "Use of the Test of Scientific Literacy Skills Reveals That Fundamental Literacy Is an Important Contributor to Scientific Literacy." CBE—Life Sciences Education 18, no. 3 (September 2019): ar31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1187/cbe.18-12-0238.
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College science courses aim to teach students both disciplinary knowledge and scientific literacy skills. Several instruments have been developed to assess students’ scientific literacy skills, but few studies have reported how demographic differences may play a role. The goal of this study was to determine whether demographic factors differentially impact students’ scientific literacy skills. We assessed more than 700 students using the Test of Scientific Literacy Skills (TOSLS), a validated instrument developed to assess scientific literacy in college science courses. Interestingly, we found that Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) reading score was the strongest predictor of TOSLS performance, suggesting that fundamental literacy (reading comprehension) is a critical component of scientific literacy skills. Additionally, we found significant differences in raw scientific literacy skills on the basis of ethnicity (underrepresented minority [URM] vs. non-URM), major (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics [STEM] vs. non-STEM), year of college (e.g., senior vs. freshman), grade point average (GPA), and SAT math scores. However, when using multivariate regression models, we found no difference based on ethnicity. These data suggest that students’ aptitude and level of training (based on GPA, SAT scores, STEM or non–STEM major, and year of college) are significantly correlated with scientific literacy skills and thus could be used as predictors for student success in courses that assess scientific literacy skills.
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Ralph, Vanessa R., and Scott E. Lewis. "Chemistry topics posing incommensurate difficulty to students with low math aptitude scores." Chemistry Education Research and Practice 19, no. 3 (2018): 867–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8rp00115d.
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The identification of students at risk for academic failure in undergraduate chemistry courses has been heavily addressed in the literature. Arguably one of the strongest and most well-supported predictors of undergraduate success in chemistry is the mathematics portion of the SAT (SAT-M), a college-entrance, standardized test administered by the College Board. While students scoring in the bottom quartile of the SAT-M (herein referred to as at-risk) perform significantly worse on first-semester chemistry assessments, little is known of the topics on which these students differentially struggle. The purpose of this study is to provide insight as to which first-semester chemistry topics present an incommensurate challenge to at-risk students. Students were identified as either at-risk or not at-riskviaSAT-M scores. Students’ assessment responses were collected across four semesters of first-semester chemistry courses at a large, public university (N= 5636). At-risk students struggled consistently across all topics but disproportionately with mole concept and stoichiometry. Analyzing the trend in topics suggests that the struggles of at-risk students are not entirely attributable to topics that rely heavily on algorithms or algebraic math. Moreso, at-risk students found to have performed well on mole concept and stoichiometry went on to perform similarly as their not at-risk peers. The results support an instructional emphasis on these topics with reviewed literature offering promising, practical options to better serve at-risk students and broaden representation in the sciences.
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TURNER, LAUREN A., and A. J. ANGULO. "Risky Business: An Integrated Institutional Theory for Understanding High-Risk Decision Making in Higher Education." Harvard Educational Review 88, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 53–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-88.1.53.
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Lauren A. Turner and A. J. Angulo explore how institutional theory can be applied to explain variance in higher education organizational strategies. Given strong regulatory, normative, and cultural-cognitive pressures to conform, they ask, why do some colleges engage in high-risk decision making? To answer this, they bring together classic and contemporary approaches to institutional theory and propose an integrated model for understanding outlier higher education strategies. The integrated model offers a heuristic for analyzing external and internal pressures that motivate colleges to implement nontraditional strategies. Through an analysis of recent trends among outlier colleges and their approaches to the Scholastic Aptitude Test, Turner and Angulo contextualize the model and consider its potential for understanding why higher education organizations adopt characteristics that differentiate them from their peers.
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Nair, Ranjit, Samer Al Hadidi, Raphael Eric Steiner, Sairah Ahmed, Paolo Strati, Simrit Parmar, Swaminathan P. Iyer, et al. "Association of Vitamin D Deficiency with Inferior Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma: MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142139.
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Introduction Vitamin D deficiency is a modifiable risk factor for multiple malignancies. There is growing evidence that associates vitamin D deficiency with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). Supplemental ergocalciferol/cholecalciferol may improve chemosensitivity of malignant cells to chemotherapy as evidenced by reduction in the rate of tumor growth in a cHL- xenograft animal model. The goal of our study is to explore the association of pretreatment vitamin D levels on survival outcomes of patients with cHL. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients who were first seen at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center between January, 2016 and May, 2020 for newly diagnosed cHL. Patient charts were reviewed to assess demographic information, clinical staging at the time of vitamin D assessment, pretreatment 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) level and vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D level < 30 nmol/L. PFS and OS outcomes were evaluated for these patients. Descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation, median, and range for continuous variables such as age, and 25(OH) D level, and frequency counts and percentages for categorical variables such as race, gender, vitamin D supplementation and response were analyzed. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for time-to-event analysis including PFS and OS. Median time to event in months with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. The Log-rank test was used to evaluate the difference in time-to-event endpoints between patient groups. Statistical software SAS 9.4 (SAS, Cary, NC) and S-Plus 8.2 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA) were used for statistical analyses. Results 644 patients met the inclusion criteria of which 483 patients had their vitamin D levels assessed at the time of initial visit to this center. The median patient age at diagnosis was 33 years with 52% males. Advanced stage (stages III and IV) occurred in 45% of patients of which the International Prognostic Score was ≥4 in 13% of patients. Patients received doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (ABVD) based therapy (77%), brentuximab vedotin (BV) based therapy (13%) and other agentss (6%). Patient demographics are outlined in Table.1. Pretreatment 25(OH)D level was assessed in 75% of the patients. The median 25(OH)D level was 25 nmol/L (range: 2-78 nmol/L). Vitamin D deficiency was present in 320 of 483 (66%) patients. Ergocalciferol/cholecalciferol supplementation was used in 29% of patients. There was no statistically significant association of vitamin D deficiency with advanced stage (p-value: 0.64). PFS rate at 10 years was significantly longer in patients with normal 25(OH)D level (40% vs 27%, p-value: 0.0481). Ergocalciferol/cholecalciferol supplementation was associated with a 6% improvement of PFS, however this difference was not statistically significant. No OS difference was noted between vitamin D deficient and non-deficient patients, an observation that persisted in patients on vitamin D supplementation versus not on supplementation. Conclusions Vitamin D deficiency was associated with inferior PFS with a 13% difference in vitamin D deficient versus non-deficient patients. There was a numerical PFS benefit associated with ergocalciferol/cholecalciferol supplementation. An OS benefit was not observed as the duration of follow up may not have been sufficient to observe the differential impact of vitamin D levels. Vitamin D screening and replacement is done in patients with newly diagnosed cHL and should be encouraged given the potential benefit from such approach. Prospective studies are warranted to establish the relationship between vitamin D level, supplementation and outcomes in cHL patients. Figure Disclosures Parmar: Cellenkos Inc.:Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties, Research Funding.Nieto:Affimed:Consultancy, Other: Grant Support;Novartis:Other: Grant Support;Astra Zeneca:Other: Grant Support;Secura Bio:Other: Grant Support.Chuang:Sage-Evidence=Based Medicine & Practice:Consultancy.Wang:Lu Daopei Medical Group:Honoraria;Beijing Medical Award Foundation:Honoraria;OncLive:Honoraria;Molecular Templates:Research Funding;Verastem:Research Funding;Dava Oncology:Honoraria;Guidepoint Global:Consultancy;Nobel Insights:Consultancy;Oncternal:Consultancy, Research Funding;InnoCare:Consultancy;Acerta Pharma:Research Funding;VelosBio:Research Funding;BioInvent:Research Funding;Juno:Consultancy, Research Funding;Kite Pharma:Consultancy, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding;Pulse Biosciences:Consultancy;Loxo Oncology:Consultancy, Research Funding;Targeted Oncology:Honoraria;OMI:Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses;Celgene:Consultancy, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding;AstraZeneca:Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding;Janssen:Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding;MoreHealth:Consultancy;Pharmacyclics:Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel, accommodation, expenses, Research Funding.Lee:Takeda:Research Funding;Seattle Genetics:Research Funding;Oncternal Therapeutics:Research Funding;Guidepoint Blogal:Consultancy;Celgene:Research Funding;Bristol-Myers Squibb:Consultancy, Research Funding;Aptitude Health:Speakers Bureau.
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Puchert, Juliet I., Nicole Dodd, and Kim L. Viljoen. "Secondary education as a predictor of aptitude: Implications for selection in the automotive sector." SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 43 (January 23, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v43i0.1416.
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Orientation: Details of applicants’ secondary education (incorporating subject choice) could be a useful screening tool when processing large applicant pools. Here, the relationships between secondary education (incorporating subject choice) and the reasoning and visual perceptual speed components of the Differential Aptitude Test are explored.Research purpose: The objective of the study was to determine whether type of secondary education (incorporating subject choice) could be used as a substitute for reasoning (verbal and non-verbal) and/or visual perceptual speed aptitudes in the selection of operators for an automotive plant in South Africa.Motivation for the study: The motivation for this study arose from the evident gap in academic literature as well as the selection needs of the automotive industry.Research design, approach and method: This research adopted a quantitative approach. It involved a non-probability convenience quota sample of 2463 work-seeking applicants for an automotive operator position in South Africa. Participants completed a biographical questionnaire and three subtests from the Differential Aptitude Test battery. The Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between type of secondary education (incorporating subject choice) and selected cognitive aptitudes.Main findings: The study’s findings revealed statistically and practically significant relationships between type of secondary education (incorporating subject choice), verbal reasoning, non-verbal reasoning and visual perceptual speed. Broad performance levels in the three aptitude subtests employed in this study were significantly associated with the type of matriculation certificate held by applicants. The findings specifically indicated that the secondary education types that included the subjects mathematics or both mathematics and science were associated with higher levels of performance in the three aptitudes. This had consequences for these applicants’ success in the screening process which could lead to enhanced chances of employability.Practical and managerial implications: Applicants’ type of secondary education (incorporating subject choice) could be regarded as a key criterion in human resource selection and be instructive in the screening process. This could reduce the candidate pool prior to more costly psychometric assessments.Contribution or value-add: The findings are specifically relevant to the South African automotive industry in terms of their human resource selection practices. The insights gained from the findings may also be used as a guide to human resource practitioners in the selection of similar level employees in other working contexts. The study makes a case for a multiple-hurdle approach to selection.
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Schepers, Johann M. "The utility of canonical correlation analysis, coupled with target rotation, in coping with the effects of differential skewness of variables." SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 32, no. 2 (February 26, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v32i2.236.
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The principal objective of the study was to determine the utility of canonical correlation analysis, coupled with target rotation, in coping with the effects of differential skewness of variables representing two batteries of tests. Generally speaking joint factor analyses of two or more batteries of tests result in factors of skewness rather than factors of content. To examine the problem, the General Scholastic Aptitude Test (GSAT) and Senior Ability Tests (SAT) were jointly applied to a sample of 1598 first-year university students, and subjected to both a principal factor analysis (PFA) and a canonical correlation analysis (CCA), coupled with target rotation. Three factors were obtained in both inst ances. The PFA yielded factors of skewness and the CCA factors of content. The target rotation gave a good fit with the theoretically specified values. The implications of the findings are discussed.
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Schepers, Johann M. "The power of multiple battery factor analysis in coping with the effects of differential skewness of variables." SA Journal of Industrial Psychology 30, no. 4 (October 26, 2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v30i4.174.
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The principal objective of the study was to determine the power of Multiple Battery Factor Analysis (MBFA) in coping with the effects of differential skewness of the variables used. Generally speaking, joint analyses result in factors of skewness. To examine the problem the General Scholastic Aptitude Test (GSAT) and Senior Ability Tests (SAT) were jointly applied to a sample of 1 598 first-year university students, and subjected to both a Principal Factor Analysis (PFA) and a MBFA. Three factors were obtained in both instances. The PFA yielded factors of skewness and the MBFA factors of content. The implications of the findings are discussed. Opsomming Die hoofdoelwit van die studie was om die krag van Veelvuldigebattery-faktorontleding (VBFO) te bepaal ten einde die gevolge van differensiële skeefheid van veranderlikes te bowe te kom. In die algemeen lei gesamentlike faktorontledings van batterye toetse tot faktore van skeefheid. Om die probleem te ondersoek, is die Algemene Skolastiese Aanlegtoets (ASAT) en die Senior Aanlegtoetse (SAT) gesamentlik op ’n steekproef van 1 598 eerstejaaruniversiteitstudente toegepas en aan sowel ’n Hooffaktorontleding (HFO) as ’n VBFO onderwerp. Drie faktore is in albei gevalle verkry. Die HFO het faktore van skeefheid opgelewer en die VBFO faktore van inhoud. Die implikasies van die bevindinge word bespreek.
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Peixoto, Renato Mesquita, Alice Andrioli, Raymundo Rizaldo Pinheiro, Francisco Selmo Fernandes Alves, Vanderlan Warlington Souza Dos Santos, Maximiana Mesquita De Souza, Dalva Alana Aragão De Azevedo, Edgar Marques Damasceno, and Maria Fátima da Silva Teixeira. "Mycoplasma agalactiae in Dairy Goat Flocks Bred in State of Ceará in Association with Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46, no. 1 (May 16, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.81885.
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Background: Contagious agalactia is an infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae (M. agalactiae) that occurs in small ruminants leading to productive and economic losses. Due to the similarity of clinical signs presented in Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis (CAE), which is a viral disease, a differential diagnosis is important. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the presence of anti-Mycoplasma agalactiae antibodies in dairy goat flocks in Ceará State and possible correlation with CAE.Materials, Methods & Results: The research was performed in four mesoregions in Ceará State (Metropolitan Region of Fortaleza- MRF; Northeast Ceará - NeC; North Ceará - NC; Sertões in Ceará - SC), from which 16 productions located in 10 cities with the highest representativeness for goat milk production within the State or mesoregion were sampled. A total of 417 females and 69 males (486 animals) of breeds with dairy production aptitude, pure or crossbreed, maintained in semi-intensive or intensive systems, were tested. Blood serum was obtained by venipuncture of the jugular vein with vacuum pressure syringe followed by centrifugation at 1,500 g for 10min. Antibodies against the caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV) were detected with micro technique of agarose gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and Western Blot (WB). The anti-Mycoplasma agalactiae antibodies were detected with commercial kit of enzymatic immunoassay (IDEXX Laboratories™). Seroprevalence of M. agalactiae in dairy goat flocks in Ceará State was 0.62% (3/486). From the total of 16 visited productions, 18.75% (3/16) had seropositive animals for M. agalactiae located in MRF, NC and SC mesoregions. CAE was diagnosed in 56.25% (9/16) of productions with AGID and in 81.25% (13/16) with WB. In addition, 5.2% (25/486) of animals were seropositive for CAE with AGID and 16.6% (80/486) with WB. Animals that reacted positive for M. agalactiae were all females of pure breed with milk production aptitude in distinct mesoregions submitted to intensive rearing system. None of these animals was positive in neither test (AGID or WB) for CAE. Therefore, no correlation of results obtained in diagnosis of M. agalactiae by ELISA and CAEV by AGID or WB (P < 0.05) was identified. However, two out of three productions that were positive for M. agalactiae presented positive results for CAEV with frequencies of 10% and 20%.Discussion: Seroprevalence of M. agalactiae in Ceará State was low in comparison with other Brazilian states and even other countries. However, the presence of the pathogen in more than one mesoregion indicates that the disease occurs in different locations within the State. Therefore, flocks in Ceará are susceptible to the infection, which may be favored by uncontrolled commerce that occurs with deficient surveillance, associated with the importation of animals to improve flock genetic quality. The presence of the pathogen in dairy goats may contribute to significant losses in the local production. On the other hand, CAE was diagnosed in nearly all productions proving the dissemination of this lentivirus infection among dairy goat flocks in Ceará State. Although an association between these diseases was not identified, the presence of a retrovirus in the organism may favor co-infection with another micro-organism, promoting the deficiency in the immune system of the host. In conclusion, M. agalactiae is present in different mesoregions of the Ceará State and control measures should be adopted in short term to prevent pathogen dissemination and, consequently reduce economic and productive losses in the local dairy goat production. No correlation was identified between the prevalence of infection by CAEV and M. agalactiae in this study.Keywords: correlation, diagnosis, caprine lentivirus, mycoplasmosis.
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Sandoval Q., Myriam Esperanza, and Humberto Caicedo López. "EL ESTILO COGNITIVO Y SU INFLUENCIA EN LA SOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS EN QUIMICA. Un estudio en el aula de clase." TED: Tecné, Episteme y Didaxis, no. 7 (January 11, 2000). http://dx.doi.org/10.17227/ted.num7-5654.
Full textAbstract:
The experimental study was made to get additional empirical evidence to show how thecognitive style in its field dependence-independence dimension differentiate studentswith different aptitude to solve chemistry problems. Twenty eight students participated,11 female and 17 male, average age seventeen. The test used was a set of simpleproblems, to obtain information about level of perception and selected strategy to get anappropriate solution.