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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 29 March 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)"

1

Clark, Ezra L. "(Invited) Investigations of Electrochemical CO₂ Reduction with Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 26 (August 28, 2023): 1720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01261720mtgabs.

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Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) is an analytical technique wherein an electrochemical reactor is interfaced with a mass spectrometer using a pervaporation membrane. This configuration enables volatile electrochemical reaction products to be continuously collected, identified, and quantified during steady state and dynamic polarization. The capabilities of this analytical technique are highly dependent on the design of the electrochemical reactor and how it is interfaced to the mass spectrometer. This presentation will introduce a variety of different DEMS cell designs and will compare their capabilities and limitations in terms of product sensitivity, product quantifiability, and time response. These comparisons will be illustrated through a series of vignettes investigating the electrocatalysis of CO2 reduction over Cu, Ag, and Au. This reaction is particularly difficult to investigate with DEMS since many of the reaction products yield identical mass fragments upon electron impact ionization. A general strategy for deconvoluting the extent to which a given product contributes to the observed mass ion currents will be presented. The utilization of DEMS for the direct observation of both the composition of the local reaction environment and the transient formation of intermediate reaction products will be discussed, as well as how these insights can be leveraged to guide rational electrocatalyst design. Finally, a new type of DEMS setup capable of quantifying the steady state surface coverage and surface lifetimes of electrochemical reaction intermediates will be presented. Figure 1

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Goyal, Akansha, Christoph J. Bondue, Matthias Graf, and Marc T. M. Koper. "Effect of pore diameter and length on electrochemical CO₂ reduction reaction at nanoporous gold catalysts." Chemical Science 13, no. 11 (2022): 3288–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1sc05743j.

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In this work, we employ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) to track the real-time evolution of CO at nanoporous gold (NpAu) catalysts with varying pore parameters (diameter and length) during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).

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Shimizu, Shugo, Atsunori Ikezawa, Takeyoshi Okajima, and Hajime Arai. "Quantitative Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectroscopy Analysis of Electrochemical Carbon Corrosion Reactions in Alkaline Electrolyte Solutions." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2024-02, no. 60 (November 22, 2024): 4054. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2024-02604054mtgabs.

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Introduction Zinc-air secondary batteries are attracting attention as next-generation large-scale energy storage devices. However, one of the challenges for practical application is the prevention of air electrode degradation caused by the oxidative corrosion of carbon. In order to suppress the carbon corrosion reaction, clarification of the reaction mechanism is required. The differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) is the in-situ mass spectrometry for the volatile species generated by electrochemical reactions, and it is possible to measure the partial current of the carbon corrosion reaction by analyzing CO2 evolution. Therefore, DEMS has intensively been applied to carbon corrosion reactions under acidic conditions. However, applying DEMS to alkaline electrolyte systems is challenging due to the relatively high solubility of CO2 as carbonate ions. On the other hand, we have constructed a new DEMS measurement system combining a microreactor and an ion-exchange membrane and quantitatively analyzed CO2 evolution in an alkaline aqueous solution [1]. However, the current measurement system had relatively low temporal resolution and large IR-drop. In this study, we constructed the DEMS measurement system with improved temporal resolution and reduced IR-drop. Experimental A schematicof the electrochemical three-electrode cell used for the DEMS measurement is shown in Fig.1.A platinum-supported carbon composite electrode, a Hg/HgO electrode, a Pt wire, and 1 mol dm–3 KOH solution were used as the working, reference, and counter electrodes and the electrolyte solution, respectively. The electrolyte solution was flown into the cell using a syringe pump and acidified with a 1 mol dm–3 sulfuric acid solution in a microreactor installed downstream of the working electrode. The volatile components were installed from the electrolyte solution to the vacuumed chamber through a PTFE membrane interface placed at the downstream of the microreactor. The electrolyte path from the working electrode to the membrane interface was shortened from 13.5 cm to 4.5 cm to improve the temporal resolution of the previous system. In addition, the position of the reference electrode was changed from the outside of the working electrode chamber to inside of that to reduce the IR-drop at the ion-exchange membrane. We also increase the working electrode area from 78.5 mm2 to 201 mm2 in order to enhance the detectivity. CO stripping voltammetry (Eq. (1)) was performed to evaluate the CO2 detection property of the constructed DEMS system. Pt-COad + 2OH– → Pt* + CO2 + H2O + 2e– (1) Results and discussion Fig.1 shows the CO stripping voltammogram and the corresponding mass signal of CO2. CO oxidation current is observed from –0.5 to –0.2 V, while our previous setup showed CO oxidation current from –0.4 to 0.1 V [1]. This result shows that the IR-drop is effectively suppressed in the new DEMS setup. In addition, the mass signal of CO2 is observed in the almost same potential range (–0.5 to –0.1 V) as that of the CO oxidation current, suggesting that the new DEMS setup has improved temporal resolution. On the other hand, the calibration constant (Eq. 2) of new DEMS setup is to the same extent as the previous one [1], indicating that the new DEMS setup has the comparable detectivity. Analyses of catalyst-loading carbon corrosions will also be presented at the site. References [1] A. Ikezawa, J. Kida, K. Miyazaki, H. Arai, Electrochem. Commun., 159, 107647_1-6 (2024). This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI (JP23K13819) JRP-LEAD with DFG (JPJSJRP20221602) Figure 1

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Kim, Dong Wook, Su Mi Ahn, Jungwon Kang, Jungdon Suk, Hwan Kyu Kim, and Yongku Kang. "In situ real-time and quantitative investigation on the stability of non-aqueous lithium oxygen battery electrolytes." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 17 (2016): 6332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ta00371k.

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Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) results clearly show that dimethylacetamide (DMA) is more stable and exhibits better performance than tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), suggesting that DMA is a more favorable electrolyte for Li–O₂ battery applications.

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Queiroz, Adriana, Wanderson Oliveira da Silva, Daniel Cantane, Igor Messias, Maria Rodrigues Pinto, Fabio De Lima, and Raphael Nagao. "Building a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS): A Powerful Toll for Investigation of (photo)Electrochemical Processes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2021-01, no. 46 (May 30, 2021): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2021-01461873mtgabs.

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Cuomo, Angelina, Pavlo Nikolaienko, and Karl J. J. Mayrhofer. "Designing a Novel Setup for High-Throughput Investigations of Electrochemical Reactions in Real Time." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 55 (December 22, 2023): 2702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02552702mtgabs.

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With the great interest in new electrochemical processes, fast screening of various reaction parameters is highly desirable. For this purpose, differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) and membrane-inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS) have been established to enable real-time monitoring of volatile compounds. However, the analysis of non-volatile compounds is commonly limited by the temporal resolution of traditional quantification methods such as NMR, GC-MS, or LC-MS. While ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) generally enables time-resolved monitoring of non-volatile compounds, electrolyte salts can lead to ionization suppression. The latter can decrease the sensitivity of product detection and the reliability of quantitative data. Therefore, a suitable reaction setup and thorough investigations are needed when utilizing AIMS. Nonetheless, in recent efforts, an electrochemical flow cell was coupled with such a technique to provide a method for on-line monitoring of non-voltile reaction products in aqueous electrolytes. To keep up with the increasing interest in electrosynthesis in organic media, we now present a new setup that is also applicable to non-aqueous media. It pairs a novel and versatile electrochemical cell with an AIMS and DEMS for highly sensitive detection of reaction products. Moreover, various reaction parameters such as electrode material, electrolyte, and temperature can be investigated in high-throughput. Key words: Electrocatalysis, Electrosynthesis, Real-time, On-line monitoring, High-throughput

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Celorrio, V., L. Calvillo, R. Moliner, E. Pastor, and M. J. Lázaro. "Carbon nanocoils as catalysts support for methanol electrooxidation: A Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS) study." Journal of Power Sources 239 (October 2013): 72–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.03.037.

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Winiwarter, Anna, Kim Degn Jensen, and Johannes Novak Hartmann. "Quantitative Electrochemistry-Mass Spectrometry: Real-Time Detection of Volatile Products for Electrocatalysis and Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 48 (August 28, 2023): 2537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01482537mtgabs.

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A major challenge both within electrocatalysis and battery research concerns the real-time (i) identification and (ii) quantification of volatile reaction products as a function of the applied electrochemical parameters and the reaction conditions. Analysis of both steadily evolving gases and of fast- and transient reaction phenomena can reveal key insights into reaction mechanisms. To this end, methods like Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS)1 and On-line Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (OLEMS)2 have been used successfully to study reaction mechanisms to an ever-increasing degree in recent years, primarily in aqueous electrolytes. Similarly, Online Electrochemical Mass Spectrometers (OEMS)3 have been essential for the study of gas evolution in batteries. However, to gain an in-depth understanding of these mechanisms, the ability to accurately relate the electrochemical charge transferred in the reaction to the amount of evolved product is essential. To this end, accurate calibration of MS signals is paramount. Calibration procedures available for DEMS systems are by themselves cumbersome and unreliable and full quantification is not possible for OLEMS. Herein, we show how a simple gas-based calibration procedure using chip-based Electrochemistry-Mass Spectrometry (EC-MS) can be used for reliable, fully quantitative real-time analysis of volatile electrochemical reaction products. We validate this calibration with electrochemistry-based calibration methods described previously.4,5 The new procedure allows to extend the quantitative analysis to systems with no a priori knowledge of faradaic efficiencies. We demonstrate calibration of important gases like H2, O2 and C2H4 in aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes and exemplify the calibration methodology’s usefulness on standard electrochemical reactions. References H. Baltruschat, J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 15, 1693–1706 (2004). A. H. Wonders, T. H. M. Housmans, V. Rosca, and M. T. M. Koper, J Appl Electrochem, 36, 1215–1221 (2006). N. Tsiouvaras, S. Meini, I. Buchberger, and H. A. Gasteiger, J Electrochem Soc, 160, A471–A477 (2013). D. B. Trimarco et al., Electrochim Acta, 268 (2018). S. B. Scott, PhD thesis, Technical University of Denmark (2019). Figure 1: a) Schematic of the MS inlet chip’s working principle. b) Uncalibrated M2 and M32 signals (dotted lines) and the same signals after calibration for H2 and O2 (full lines) in a cyclic voltammogram of PtPoly in 0.1 M HClO4 obtained at room temperature at 20 mV/s. Figure 1

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Musilová-Kebrlová, Natálie, Pavel Janderka, and Libuše Trnková. "Electrochemical processes of adsorbed chlorobenzene and fluorobenzene on a platinum polycrystalline electrode." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 4 (2009): 611–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2008221.

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The electrode processes of chlorobenzene (CB) and fluorobenzene (FB) on polycrystalline platinum (Pt-pc) electrode in sulfuric acid were studied by differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). Contrary to the oxidation of adsorbed benzene on Pt surface, the oxidation of adsorbed CB and FB in the oxygen adsorption region does not provide solely CO2 as the final product. At negative polarization potentials CB and FB were desorbed under dehalogenation. While in the case of FB only benzene was detected, CB gave intermediates besides benzene. The final product of stepwise hydrogenation of these species was cyclohexane.

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Amin, Hatem M. A., and Helmut Baltruschat. "How many surface atoms in Co3O4 take part in oxygen evolution? Isotope labeling together with differential electrochemical mass spectrometry." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 37 (2017): 25527–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp03914j.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)"

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Sun, Shiguo [Verfasser]. "Electrooxidation of small organic molecules at elevated temperature and pressure: an online Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry (DEMS) study / Shiguo Sun." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102493134X/34.

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Ashton, Sean James [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Arenz, Moniek [Akademischer Betreuer] Tromp, and Ulrich K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Heiz. "The Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS) / Sean Ashton. Gutachter: Matthias Arenz ; Moniek Tromp. Betreuer: Ulrich K. Heiz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1015029949/34.

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Subba, Rao Viruru Subbarao. "Electrochemical characterization of direct alcohol fuel cells using in-situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry." kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/645809/645809.pdf.

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Rao, Vineet. "Electrochemical characterization of direct alcohol fuel cells using in-situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry." kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/645809/645809.pdf.

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Treufeld, Imre. "I. Polymer Films for High Temperature Capacitor ApplicationsII. Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1465503063.

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6

Vorms, Evgeniia. "Cinétique de l’oxydation de l’hydrate d’hydrazine et d’autres combustibles sans carbone sur électrode de nickel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025STRAF003.

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La production d'énergie électrochimique à partir de combustibles sans carbone a récemment suscité un grand intérêt. Ce manuscrit se concentre sur l'étude du mécanisme de la réaction d'oxydation de l'hydrazine (HHOR) sur des électrodes de Ni et le compare avec ceux des réactions d'oxydation du borohydrure et de l’ammoniac-borane (BOR, ABOR). Les sites métalliques de Ni ont été identifiés comme les sites catalytiques pour la HHOR, la BOR et l'ABOR, tandis que la présence de sites de Ni (hydr)oxydés a un effet négatif sur l'activité sans influencer clairement le mécanisme réactionnel. Sur la base des résultats de calculs DFT, de la modélisation microcinétique et de mesures DEMS en ligne, un mécanisme de la HHOR sur Ni a été proposé. Celui-ci implique la réaction directe de l'hydrazine dissoute avec des espèces Ni-OH adsorbées, formant un intermédiaire N2Hx,ad (x<4), qui est ensuite oxydé électrochimiquement, conduisant à la formation de N2 et d’eau
Electrochemical energy production from carbon-free fuels has recently attracted much attention. This manuscript focuses on studying the mechanism of the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HHOR) on Ni electrodes and comparing it with the ones of the borohydride and ammonia-borane oxidation reactions (BOR, ABOR). Metallic Ni sites were identified as the catalytic sites for the HHOR, BOR, and ABOR, while the presence of Ni (hydr)oxide sites was found to negatively affect activity without a clear influence on the reaction mechanism. Based on the results of DFT calculations, microkinetic modelling, and online DEMS measurements, a mechanism for HHOR on Ni was proposed. It involves the direct reaction of dissolved hydrazine with adsorbed Ni-OH species forming N2Hx,ad (x<4) intermediate, which is subsequently electrochemically oxidized, leading to the formation of N2 and water

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Ferreira, de Araújo Jorge Vicente [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Strasser, Helmut [Gutachter] Baltruschat, and Matthias [Gutachter] Bickermann. "Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry – design, set up and application for kinetic isotope labeling studies of the electrocatalytic CO2 electroreduction / Jorge Vicente Ferreira de Araújo ; Gutachter: Helmut Baltruschat, Matthias Bickermann ; Betreuer: Peter Strasser." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211392236/34.

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Machado, Eduardo Giangrossi. "Eletro-oxidação de ácido fórmico assistida por hidrazina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/75/75134/tde-15032017-111419/.

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Recentemente, o mecanismo pelo qual o ácido fórmico é oxidado tem gerado debate na literatura. Há discordância em relação às vias pelas quais o processo ocorre e também qual seria o principal intermediário de uma das vias. Como forma de se obter novas informações sobre este sistema, há trabalhos na literatura explorando diferentes condições experimentais, como por exemplo, a adição de um aditivo. Dentre eles, a hidrazina foi eleita por ser outra molécula de interesse para aplicação em dispositivos de conversão de energia química em elétrica. Assim argumenta-se que a presença da hidrazina não interfere na eletro-oxidação do ácido fórmico e, portanto, gera uma resposta total aditiva da soma das partes individuais. Ao se utilizar o estudo do comportamento complexo de um sistema como metodologia, pode-se encontrar novas informações a respeito deste. Desta forma, foi descoberto que o comportamento ao invés de aditivo seria sinergético e que há mudanças significativas na série temporal do ácido fórmico, como um grande aumento na duração do processo e a alteração de algumas de suas variáveis. Também foi observada uma mudança no comportamento das oscilações potenciostáticas, indicando uma dependência do processo com a superfície utilizada. Foi proposto que a hidrazina atuaria reduzindo o acúmulo de espécies oxigenadas na superfície do eletrodo prevenindo que a série temporal terminasse brevemente. Em seguida empregou-se uma técnica espectrométrica (DEMS) para avaliar a produção de produtos gasosos (CO2) e descobriu-se que, na presença de hidrazina, o ácido fórmico oxida-se de forma facilitada, em potenciais mais baixos. Propôs-se que, além de prevenir o acúmulo de espécies oxigenadas, a hidrazina perturbaria a decomposição do ácido fórmico para a geração de CO, permitindo uma oxidação direta em potenciais mais baixos. Finalmente, para se aprofundar o entendimento dos processos superficiais, utilizou-se a técnica EMSI para se obter uma imagem da superfície. Foi descoberto que a decomposição do ácido fórmico a COads ocorre gerando uma frente reacional que se repete ciclo após ciclo durante a série temporal e que é possível monitorar a variação de adsorbatos por uma mudança na intensidade da imagem. Não foi possível obter dados na presença da hidrazina por conta da presença de bolhas. Como conclusão entende-se neste trabalho que há evidências o suficiente para apontar que a eletro-oxidação do ácido fórmico assistido por hidrazina ocorre, não de forma aditiva, mas sim de forma sinergética.
Recently, the mechanism by which formic acid is oxidized is a matter of debate on the literature. There is disagreement on the pathways that the process may occur as well as which would be the intermediates participating. In this sense, there are some work exploring another aspect of this reaction, such as its behavior facing the addition of an additive. Among them, hydrazine has been chosen as it is another molecule of interest for energy generation devices such as fuel cells. In this fashion, it is argued that the presence of hydrazine would not interfere in the electro-oxidation of formic acid and, therefore, would yield an additive current when being co-oxidized. The complex behavior of a system may display new and relevant information thus this methodology was employed to revisit this system. It was found that the system would behave, instead of the argued additive behavior, synergistically and that there are striking differences on the time-series of formic acid, such as an increase on the duration of the process and the alteration of some of its variables. Also, it was observed a change in the potentiostatic oscillations, showing a dependence of the process with the morphology of the surface employed. It was proposed that hydrazine would act reducing the accumulation of oxygenated species on the surface of the electrode, postponing the end of the time-series. Next, it was employed a spectrometric technique (DEMS) to evaluate the production of gaseous products (CO2) and it was found that, in the presence of hydrazine, formic acid gets oxidized in a more facile way, in lower overpotential values. It was proposed that, besides preventing the accumulation of oxygenated species, hydrazine would disturb the decomposition of formic acid to COads, allowing a direct oxidation in lower overpotentials. Finally, for deepening the understanding of the superficial processes it was employed an imaging technique (EMSI). It was discovered that the decomposition of formic acid to COads there is a reactional front that repeats itself cycle after cycle during the time-series and that it is possible to monitor changes in the coverage of adsorbates by changes in the intensity of the image. It was not possible to obtain data in the presence of hydrazine since it generates many bubbles that disrupt the experiment. As conclusion of this work it is presented the thesis that, with the amount of evidences herein presented, the interaction between formic acid and hydrazine is synergistical rather than additive, as stated on the literature.

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Rao, Vineet [Verfasser]. "Electrochemical characterization of direct alcohol fuel cells using in-situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry / Vineet Rao." 2008. http://d-nb.info/99056097X/34.

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Heinen, Martin [Verfasser]. "Electrooxidation of small organic molecules studied by simultaneous in situ ATR-FTIRS and on-line differential electrochemical mass spectrometry / von Martin Heinen." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1010525484/34.

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Books on the topic "Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)"

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Ashton, Sean James. Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30550-4.

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Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS). Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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Ashton, Sean James. Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS). Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2014.

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Design Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer Dems Springer Theses. Springer, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS)"

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Ashton, Sean James. "Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry." In Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS), 9–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30550-4_2.

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Ashton, Sean James. "Practical Aspects of the DEMS Instrument." In Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS), 81–112. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30550-4_4.

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Ashton, Sean James. "Design and Construction of the DEMS Instrument." In Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS), 29–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30550-4_3.

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Ashton, Sean James. "The Electrochemical Oxidation of HSAC Catalyst Supports." In Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS), 153–203. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30550-4_6.

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Ashton, Sean James. "Introduction." In Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS), 1–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30550-4_1.

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Ashton, Sean James. "Methanol Oxidation on HSAC Supported Pt and PtRu Catalysts." In Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS), 113–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30550-4_5.

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Ashton, Sean James. "Summary." In Design, Construction and Research Application of a Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometer (DEMS), 205–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30550-4_7.

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Zhao, Zhiwei, Long Pang, Zhi Yang, Yelong Zhang, Zhangquan Peng, and Limin Guo. "Differential Electrochemical Mass Spectrometry for Lithium-Ion Batteries*." In Microscopy and Microanalysis for Lithium-Ion Batteries, 251–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003299295-9.

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Shi, Boyu, Kewei Liu, Eungje Lee, and Chen Liao. "Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) for batteries." In Batteries. IOP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-2682-7ch5.

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Cremers, C., and D. Bayer. "Differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS) technique for direct alcohol fuel cell characterization." In Polymer Electrolyte Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology, 65–86. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095480.1.65.

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