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1
Coats, J. "High frequency asymptotics of antenna/structure interactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249595.
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This thesis is motivated by the need to calculate the electromagnetic fields produced by sources radiating in the presence of conductors. We begin by reviewing existing theory concerning sources in the presence of flat structures. Various extensions to the canonical Sommerfeld problem are considered. In particular we investigate the asymptotic solution for a finite source that focusses its energy at a point. In chapter 5 we review and extend the asymptotic results concerning illumination of a convex perfect conductor by an incident plane wave and outline the procedure for decoupling the electromagnetic surface field into two scalar modes. In chapter 6 we place a source on a perfect conductor and obtain a complete asymptotic solution for the fields. Special attention is paid to the asymptotic structure that smoothly matches between the leading order lit and shadow regions. We also investigate the degenerate case where one of the curvatures of the perfect conductor is zero. The case where the source is just off the surface is also investigated. In chapter 8 we use the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula to cheaply calculate the fields due to complicated arrays of point dipoles. The final chapter combines many earlier results to consider more general sources on the surface of a perfect conductor. In particular we must introduce new asymptotic regions for open sources. This then enables us to consider the focussing of the surface field due to a finite source. The nature of the surface and geometrical optics fields depends on the size of the source in comparison to the curvatures of the surface on which they lie. We discuss this in detail and conclude with the practical example of a spiral antenna.
2
Coimbra, Tiago Antonio Alves 1981. "Operação para continuação do afastamento : operador diferencial, comportamento dinâmico e empilhamento multi-paramétrico." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306033.
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Orientadores: Maria Amélia Novais Schleicher, Joerg Dietrich Wilhelm SchleicherTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica
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Resumo: A operação para continuação de afastamento (Offset Continuation Operation - OCO) transforma um registro sísmico adquirido com um certo afastamento entre fonte e receptor, em um registro correspondente como se fosse adquirido com outro afastamento. O deslocamento de um evento sísmico sob esta operação pode ser descrito por uma equação diferencial parcial de segunda ordem. Baseado na aproximação WKBJ, deduzimos uma equação tipo iconal OCO que descreve os aspectos cinemáticos deste deslocamento em analogia a uma onda acústica, e uma equação de transporte que descreve a alteração das amplitudes. Baseado na teoria dos raios representamos uma forma de solução para a nova equação proposta. Notamos que operadores diferencias de transformação de configuração que corrigem o fator de espalhamento geométrico para qualquer afastamento, ao menos de modo assintótico, são novos na literatura. Baseados na cinemática da operação, propomos um operador de empilhamento multi-paramétrico no domínio não-migrado dos dados sísmicos. Esse empilhamento multi-paramétrico usa uma velocidade média, chamada de velocidade OCO, bem como outros parâmetros cinemáticos do campo de onda importantes. Por se basear na OCO, os tempos de trânsito usados neste empilhamento multi-paramétrico acompanham a trajetória OCO que aproxima à verdadeira trajetória do ponto de reflexão comum. Assim, os parâmetros extraídos servem para melhorar a correção do sobretempo convencional ou realizar correções correspondentes para afastamentos não nulos. Desta forma, é possível aumentar a qualidade das seções empilhadas convencionais de afastamento nulo ou até gerar seções empilhadas de outros afastamentos. Os parâmetros cinemáticos envolvidos ainda podem ser utilizado para construir um melhor modelo de velocidade. Exemplos numéricos mostram que o empilhamento usando trajetórias OCO aumenta, de forma significativa, a qualidade dos dados com uso de menos parâmetros que nos métodos clássicos
Abstract: The Offset Continuation Operation (OCO) transforms a seismic record with a certain offset between source and receiver in another record as if obtained with another offset. The displacement between a seismic event under this operation may be modeled by a second order partial differential equation. We base on the WKBJ approximation and deduce an OCO equation type-eikonal and a transport equation. The former decribes the kinematic features of this displacement, analogously to an acoustic wave, and the latter describes the change of the amplitudes. We present a solution for the proposed new equation, based on the ray theory. The differential configuration transformation operators that correct the geometric spreading for any common offset section (CO) in an asymptoptic way are a novelty in the literature. Based on the kinematics of the operation, we propose a multi-parametric stacking on the unmigrated data domain. This multi-parametric use stacking average velocity called OCO velocity and other kinematic parameters important field from waveform. Since it is based on OCO, travel times used in this multi-parametric stacking accompany OCO trajectory that approximates the true trajectory of the common reflection point (CRP). Thus, the extracted parameters are used to improve the precision of the moveout or to do corresponding corrections for nonzero offsets. Thus, it is possible to increase the quality of conventional sections stacked in zero offset or even generate stacked sections other common offsets. The kinematic parameters involved can also be used to build a velocity model better. Numerical examples show that the stacking using trajectories OCO increases, significantly, the quality of the data using fewer parameters than the classical methods
Doutorado
Matematica Aplicada
Doutor em Matemática Aplicada
3
Kasonga, Raphael Abel Carleton University Dissertation Mathematics. "Asymptotic parameter estimation theory for stochastic differential equations." Ottawa, 1986.
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4
Jenab, Bita. "Asymptotic theory of second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24690.
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The asymptotic behaviour of nonoscillatory solutions of second order nonlinear ordinary differential equations is studied. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of positive solutions with specified asymptotic behaviour at infinity. Existence of nonoscillatory
solutions is established using the Schauder-Tychonoff fixed point theorem. Techniques such as factorization of linear disconjugate operators are employed to reveal the similar nature of asymptotic solutions of nonlinear
differential equations to that of linear equations. Some examples illustrating the asymptotic theory of ordinary differential equations are given.Science, Faculty of
Mathematics, Department of
Graduate
5
Chulkov, Sergei. "Topics in analytic theory of partial differential equations /." Stockholm : Dept. of mathematics, Stockholm university, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-782.
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Huang, Guan. "An averaging theory for nonlinear partial differential equations." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/01/00/25/27/PDF/these.pdf.
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Cette thèse se consacre aux études des comportements de longtemps des solutions pour les EDPs nonlinéaires qui sont proches d'une EDP linéaire ou intégrable hamiltonienne. Une théorie de la moyenne pour les EDPs nonlinéaires est presenté. Les modèles d'équations sont les équations Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) perturbées et quelques équations aux dérivées partielles nonlinéaires faiblementThis Ph. D thesis focuses on studying the long-time behavior of solutions for non-linear PDEs that are close to a linear or an integrable Hamiltonian PDE. An averaging theory for nonlinear PDEs is presented. The model equations are the perturbed Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations and some weakly nonlinear partial differential equations
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Mateos, González Álvaro. "Asymptotic Analysis of Partial Differential Equations Arising in Biological Processes of Anomalous Diffusion." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN069/document.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'analyse asymptotique d'équations aux dérivées partielles issues de modèles de déplacement sous-diffusif en biologie cellulaire. Notre motivation biologique est fondée sur les nombreuses observation récentes de protéinescytoplasmiques dont le déplacement aléatoire dévié de la diffusion Fickienne normale. Dans la première partie, nous étudions la décroissance auto-similaire de la solution d'une équation de renouvellement à queue lourde vers un état stationnaire. Les idéesmises en jeu sont inspirées de méthodes d'entropie relative. Nos principaux apports sont la preuve d'un taux de décroissance en norme L1 vers la loi de l'arc-sinus et l'introduction d'une fonction pivot spécifique dans une méthode d'entropie relative.La seconde partie porte sur la limite hyperbolique d'une équation de renouvellement structurée en âge et à sauts en espace. Nous y prouvons un résultat de « stabilité » : les solutions des problèmes rééchelonnés à ε > 0 convergent lorsque ε --> 0 vers la solution de viscosité de l'équation de Hamilton-Jacobi limite des problèmes à ε > 0. Les outilsmis en jeu proviennent de la théorie des équations de Hamilton-Jacobi.Ce travail présente trois idées intéressantes. La première est celle de prouver le résultat de convergence sur la condition de bord du problème plutôt que d'utiliser des fonctions test perturbées. La deuxième consiste en l'introduction de termes correcteurslogarithmiques en temps dans des estimations a priori ne découlant pas directementdu principe du maximum. Cela est dû à la non-existence d'un équilibre du problèmehomogène en espace. La troisième est une estimation précise de la décroissance de l'influence de la condition initiale sur le terme de renouvellement. Elle correspond à une estimation fine d'une version non-locale de la dérivée temporelle de la solution. Au cours de cette thèse, des simulations numériques de type Monte Carlo, schémas volumes finis, Lax-Friedrichs et Weighted Essentially Non Oscillating ont été réaliséesThis thesis is devoted to the asymptotic analysis of partial differential equations modelling subdiffusive random motion in cell biology. The biological motivation for this work is the numerous recent observations of cytoplasmic proteins whose random motion deviates from normal Fickian diffusion. In the first part, we study the self-similar decay towards a steady state of the solution of a heavy-tailed renewal equation. The ideas therein are inspired from relative entropy methods. Our main contributions are the proof of an L1 decay rate towards the arc-sine distribution and the introduction of a specific pivot function in a relative entropy method.The second part treats the hyperbolic limit of an age-structured space-jump renewal equation. We prove a "stability" result: the solutions of the rescaled problems at ε > 0 converge as ε --> 0 towards the viscosity solution of the limiting Hamilton-Jacobi equation of the ε > 0 problems. The main mathematical tools used come from the theory of Hamilton-Jacobi equations. This work presents three interesting ideas. The first is that of proving the convergence result on the boundary condition of the studied problem rather than using perturbed test functions. The second consists in the introduction of time-logarithmic correction termsin a priori estimates that do not follow directly from the maximum principle. That is due to the non-existence of a suitable equilibrium for the space-homogenous problem. The third is a precise estimate of the decay of the inuence of the initial condition on the renewal term. This is tantamount to a refined estimate of a non-local version of the time derivative of the solution. Throughout this thesis, we have performed numerical simulations of different types: Monte Carlo, finite volume schemes, Lax-Friedrichs schemes and Weighted Essentially Non Oscillating schemes
8
Howard, Timothy G. "Predicting the asymptotic behavior for differential equations with a quadratic nonlinearity." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28823.
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Shi, Changgui. "The global behavior of solutions of a certain third order differential equation." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834515.
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In computer vision, object recognition involves segmentation of the image into separate components. One way to do this is to detect the edges of the components. Several algorithms for edge detection exist and one of the most sophisticated is the Canny edge detector.Canny [2] designed an optimal edge detector for images which are corrupted with noise. He suggested that a Gaussian filter be applied to the image and edges be sought in the smoothed image. The directional derivative of the Gaussian is obtained, then convolved with the image. The direction, n, involved is normal to the edge direction. Edges are assumed to exist where the result is a local extreme, i.e., where∂2 (g * f) = 0.(0.1)_____∂n2In the above, g(x, y) is the Gaussian, f (x, y) is the image function and The direction of n is an estimate of the direction of the gradient of the true edge. In this thesis, we discuss the computational algorithm of the Canny edge detector and its implementation. Our experimental results show that the Canny edge detection scheme is robust enough to perform well over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios. In most cases the Canny edge detector performs much better than the other edge detectors.Department of Mathematical Sciences
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Lattimer, Timothy Richard Bislig. "Singular partial integro-differential equations arising in thin aerofoil theory." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243192.
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Surnachev, Mikhail. "On qualitative theory of solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42611.
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In this work I study certain aspects of qualitative behaviour of solutions to nonlinear PDEs. The thesis consists of introduction and three parts. In the first part I study solutions of Emden-Fowler type elliptic equations in nondivergence form. In this part I establish the following results; 1. Asymptotic representation of solutions in conical domains; 2. A priori estimates for solutions to equations with weighted absorption term; 3. Existence and nonexistence of positive solutions to equations with source term in conical domains. In the second part I study regularity properties of nonlinear degenerate parabolic equations. There are two results here: A Harnack inequality and the H51der continuity for solutions of weighted degenerate parabolic equations with a time-independent weight from a suitable Muckenhoupt class; A new proof of the Holder continuity of solutions. The third part is propedeutic. In this part I gathered some facts and simple proofs relating to the Harnack inequality for elliptic equations. Both divergent and nondivergent case are considered. The material of this chapter is not new, but it is not very easy to find it in the literature. This chapter is built entirely upon the so-called "growth lemma" ideology (introduced by E.M. Landis).
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Seiler, Werner Markus. "Analysis and application of the formal theory of partial differential equations." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238979.
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Benosman, Chahrazed. "Contrôle de la Dynamique de la Leucémie Myéloïde Chronique par Imatinib." Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555973.
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Notre travail de recherche concerne la modelisation de l'hematopoese normale et alteree. Les cellules souches hematopoetiques (CSH) sont des cellules indi erenciee qui se trouvent dans la moelle osseuse, et possedent la capacite d'autorenouvellement et de dierenciation. L'hematopoese montre souvent des anomalies qui causent les maladies hematologiques. La leucemie Myelode Chronique (LMC) est un cancer des globules blancs, resultant d'une transformation des chromosomes dans les CSH. En modelisant la LMC, nous decrivons l'evolution des CSH et cellules dierenciees dans la moelle osseuse, par un systeme d'equations dierentielles ordinaires (EDO). L'homeostasie depend de quelques lignees cellulaires, et contr^ole la division des CSH. Nous analysons le comportement asymptotique global du modele, pour obtenir les conditions de regeneration de l'hematopoese normale et la persistance de la LMC. Nous demontrons que les cellules normales et cancereuses ne peuvent pas coexister longtemps. L'imatinib est un traitement principal de la LMC, administre a des dosages variant de 400 a 1000 mg par jour. Les patients repondent a la therapie suivant les niveaux hematologique, cytogenetique et moleculaire. La therapie echoue quand les patients prennent plus de temps pour reagir (reponse suboptimale), ou bien revelent une resistance primaire ou secondaire apres une bonne reponse initiale. La determination du dosage optimal, necessaire a la reduction des cellules cancereuses represente notre objectif. Alors, nous representons les eets de la therapie par des problemes de contr^ole optimal pour minimiser le co^ut du traitement et le nombre des cellules cancereuses. La reponse suboptimale, les resistances primaire et secondaire, et le retablissement des patients, sont obtenus a travers l'in uence de l'imatinib sur la division et la mortalite des cellules cancereuses. En considerant la competition interspecique, nous construisons a partir du systeme d'EDO un modele structure en ^age, decrivant les eets de la therapie sur les CSH cancereuses. Nous etablissons les conditions d'optimalite et demontrons l'existence et l'unicite d'un contr^ole optimal. Le processus d'interaction joue un r^ole important dans la dynamique des CSH normales ; en eet, les CSH lles normales peuvent se stabiliser ou montrer un rebond durant la therapie. Le dosage optimal est soit stable ou oscillant avec le temps, et les CSH lles cancereuses peuvent cro^tre ou osciller. Cette etude contribue signicativement dans l'obtention du dosage optimal lors du traitement de l'hematopoese alteree.
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Li, Li. "The asymptotic behavior for the Vlasov-Poisson-Boltzmann system & heliostat with spinning-elevation tracking mode /." access full-text access abstract and table of contents, 2009. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/ezdb/thesis.pl?phd-ma-b30082419f.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--City University of Hong Kong, 2009."Submitted to Department of Mathematics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Includes bibliographical references (leaves [84]-87)
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Barge, S. "Twistor theory and the K.P. equations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301766.
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In this thesis, we discuss a geometric construction analogous to the Ward correspondence for the KP equations. We propose a Dirac operator based on the inverse scattering transform for the KP-II equation and discuss the similarities and differences to the Ward correspondence. We also consider the KP-I equation, describing a geometric construction for a certain class of solutions. We also discuss the general inverse scattering of the equation, how this is related to the KP-II equation and the problems with describing a single geometric construction that incorporates both equations. We also consider the Davey-Stewartson equations, which have a similar behaviour. We demonstrate explicitly the problems of localising the theory with generic boundary conditions. We also present a reformulation of the Dirac operator and demonstrate a duality between the Dirac operator and the first Lax operator for the DS-II equations. We then proceed to generalise the Dirac operator construction to generate other integrable systems. These include the mKP and Ishimori equations, and an extension to the KP and mKP hierarchies.
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Köhnlein, Dieter. "Asymptotisches Verhalten von Lösungen stochastischer linearer Differenzengleichungen im Rd." Bonn : [s.n.], 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20267120.html.
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Bales, Walter. "Asymptotic approximation of the free boundary for the American put near expiry." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2009. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.
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Johnsen, Pernilla. "Homogenization of Partial Differential Equations using Multiscale Convergence Methods." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för matematik och ämnesdidaktik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-42036.
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The focus of this thesis is the theory of periodic homogenization of partial differential equations and some applicable concepts of convergence. More precisely, we study parabolic problems exhibiting both spatial and temporal microscopic oscillations and a vanishing volumetric heat capacity type of coefficient. We also consider a hyperbolic-parabolic problem with two spatial microscopic scales. The tools used are evolution settings of multiscale and very weak multiscale convergence, which are extensions of, or closely related to, the classical method of two-scale convergence. The novelty of the research in the thesis is the homogenization results and, for the studied parabolic problems, adapted compactness results of multiscale convergence type.
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Pierson, Mark A. "Theory and Application of a Class of Abstract Differential-Algebraic Equations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27416.
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We first provide a detailed background of a geometric projection methodology developed by Professor Roswitha Marz at Humboldt University in Berlin for showing uniqueness and existence of solutions for ordinary differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). Because of the geometric and operator-theoretic aspects of this particular method, it can be extended to the case of infinite-dimensional abstract DAEs. For example, partial differential equations (PDEs) are often formulated as abstract Cauchy or evolution problems which we label abstract ordinary differential equations or AODE. Using this abstract formulation, existence and uniqueness of the Cauchy problem has been studied. Similarly, we look at an AODE system with operator constraint equations to formulate an abstract differential-algebraic equation or ADAE problem. Existence and uniqueness of solutions is shown under certain conditions on the operators for both index-1 and index-2 abstract DAEs. These existence and uniqueness results are then applied to some index-1 DAEs in the area of thermodynamic modeling of a chemical vapor deposition reactor and to a structural dynamics problem. The application for the structural dynamics problem, in particular, provides a detailed construction of the model and development of the DAE framework. Existence and uniqueness are primarily demonstrated using a semigroup approach. Finally, an exploration of some issues which arise from discretizing the abstract DAE are discussed.Ph. D.
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Kadhum, Nashat Ibrahim. "The spline approach to the numerical solution of parabolic partial differential equations." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1988. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6725.
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This thesis is concerned with the Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations. Initially some definitions and mathematical background are given, accompanied by the basic theories of solving linear systems and other related topics. Also, an introduction to splines, particularly cubic splines and their identities are presented. The methods used to solve parabolic partial differential equations are surveyed and classified into explicit or implicit (direct and iterative) methods. We concentrate on the Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI), the Group Explicit (GE) and the Crank-Nicolson (C-N) methods. A new method, the Splines Group Explicit Iterative Method is derived, and a theoretical analysis is given. An optimum single parameter is found for a special case. Two criteria for the acceleration parameters are considered; they are the Peaceman-Rachford and the Wachspress criteria. The method is tested for different numbers of both parameters. The method is also tested using single parameters, i. e. when used as a direct method. The numerical results and the computational complexity analysis are compared with other methods, and are shown to be competitive. The method is shown to have good stability property and achieves high accuracy in the numerical results. Another direct explicit method is developed from cubic splines; the splines Group Explicit Method which includes a parameter that can be chosen to give optimum results. Some analysis and the computational complexity of the method is given, with some numerical results shown to confirm the efficiency and compatibility of the method. Extensions to two dimensional parabolic problems are given in a further chapter. In this thesis the Dirichlet, the Neumann and the periodic boundary conditions for linear parabolic partial differential equations are considered. The thesis concludes with some conclusions and suggestions for further work.
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Deb, Manas Kumar. "Solution of stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) using Galerkin method : theory and applications /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Ertem, Turker. "Asymptotic Integration Of Dynamical Systems." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615405/index.pdf.
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In almost all works in the literature there are several results showing asymptotic relationships between the solutions of
x&prime&prime
= f (t, x) (0.1) and the solutions 1 and t of x&prime
&prime
= 0. More specifically, the existence of a solution of (0.1) asymptotic to x(t) = at + b, a, b &isin
R has been obtained. In this thesis we investigate in a systematic way the asymptotic behavior as t &rarr
&infin
of solutions of a class of differential equations of the form (p(t)x&prime
)&prime
+ q(t)x = f (t, x), t &ge
t_0 (0.2) and (p(t)x&prime
)&prime
+ q(t)x = g(t, x, x&prime
), t &ge
t_0 (0.3) by the help of principal u(t) and nonprincipal v(t) solutions of the corresponding homogeneous equation (p(t)x&prime
)&prime
+ q(t)x = 0, t &ge
t_0. (0.4) Here, t_0 &ge
0 is a real number, p &isin
C([t_0,&infin
), (0,&infin
)), q &isin
C([t_0,&infin
),R), f &isin
C([t_0,&infin
) ×
R,R) and g &isin
C([t0,&infin
) ×
R ×
R,R). Our argument is based on the idea of writing the solution of x&prime
&prime
= 0 in terms of principal and nonprincipal solutions as x(t) = av(t) + bu(t), where v(t) = t and u(t) = 1. In the proofs, Banach and Schauder&rsquo
s fixed point theorems are used. The compactness of the operator is obtained by employing the compactness criteria of Riesz and Avramescu. The thesis consists of three chapters. Chapter 1 is introductory and provides statement of the problem, literature review, and basic definitions and theorems. In Chapter 2 first we deal with some asymptotic relationships between the solutions of (0.2) and the principal u(t) and nonprincipal v(t) solutions of (0.4). Then we present existence of a monotone positive solution of (0.3) with prescribed asimptotic behavior. In Chapter 3 we introduce the existence of solution of a singular boundary value problem to the Equation (0.2).
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Yang, Xue-Feng. "Extensions of sturm-liouville theory : nodal sets in both ordinary and partial differential equations." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28021.
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Guffey, Stephen. "Application of a Numerical Method and Optimal Control Theory to a Partial Differential Equation Model for a Bacterial Infection in a Chronic Wound." TopSCHOLAR®, 2015. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1494.
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In this work, we study the application both of optimal control techniques and a numerical method to a system of partial differential equations arising from a problem in wound healing. Optimal control theory is a generalization of calculus of variations, as well as the method of Lagrange Multipliers. Both of these techniques have seen prevalent use in the modern theories of Physics, Economics, as well as in the study of Partial Differential Equations. The numerical method we consider is the method of lines, a prominent method for solving partial differential equations. This method uses finite difference schemes to discretize the spatial variable over an N-point mesh, thereby converting each partial differential equation into N ordinary differential equations. These equations can then be solved using numerical routines defined for ordinary differential equations.
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Tsang, Siu Chung. "Preconditioners for linear parabolic optimal control problems." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/464.
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In this thesis, we consider the computational methods for linear parabolic optimal control problems. We wish to minimize the cost functional while fulfilling the parabolic partial differential equations (PDE) constraint. This type of problems arises in many fields of science and engineering. Since solving such parabolic PDE optimal control problems often lead to a demanding computational cost and time, an effective algorithm is desired. In this research, we focus on the distributed control problems. Three types of cost functional are considered: Target States problems, Tracking problems, and All-time problems. Our major contribution in this research is that we developed a preconditioner for each kind of problems, so our iterative method is accelerated. In chapter 1, we gave a brief introduction to our problems with a literature review. In chapter 2, we demonstrated how to derive the first-order optimality conditions from the parabolic optimal control problems. Afterwards, we showed how to use the shooting method along with the flexible generalized minimal residual to find the solution. In chapter 3, we offered three preconditioners to enhance our shooting method for the problems with symmetric differential operator. Next, in chapter 4, we proposed another three preconditioners to speed up our scheme for the problems with non-symmetric differential operator. Lastly, we have the conclusion and the future development in chapter 5.
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Harrison, Richard I. "A numerical study of the Schrödinger-Newton equations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393230.
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The Schrödinger-Newton (S-N) equations were proposed by Penrose [18] as a model for gravitational collapse of the wave-function. The potential in the Schrödinger equation is the gravity due to the density of $|\psi|^2$, where $\psi$ is the wave-function. As with normal Quantum Mechanics the probability, momentum and angular momentum are conserved. We first consider the spherically symmetric case, here the stationary solutions have been found numerically by Moroz et al [15] and Jones et al [3]. The ground state which has the lowest energy has no zeros. The higher states are such that the $(n+1)$th state has $n$ zeros. We consider the linear stability problem for the stationary states, which we numerically solve using spectral methods. The ground state is linearly stable since it has only imaginary eigenvalues. The higher states are linearly unstable having imaginary eigenvalues except for $n$ quadruples of complex eigenvalues for the $(n+1)$th state, where a quadruple consists of $\{\lambda,\bar{\lambda},-\lambda,-\bar{\lambda}\}$. Next we consider the nonlinear evolution, using a method involving an iteration to calculate the potential at the next time step and Crank-Nicolson to evolve the Schrödinger equation. To absorb scatter we use a sponge factor which reduces the reflection back from the outer boundary condition and we show that the numerical evolution converges for different mesh sizes and time steps. Evolution of the ground state shows it is stable and added perturbations oscillate at frequencies determined by the linear perturbation theory. The higher states are shown to be unstable, emitting scatter and leaving a rescaled ground state. The rate at which they decay is controlled by the complex eigenvalues of the linear perturbation. Next we consider adding another dimension in two different ways: by considering the axisymmetric case and the 2-D equations. The stationary solutions are found. We modify the evolution method and find that the higher states are unstable. In 2-D case we consider rigidly rotationing solutions and show they exist and are unstable.
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Theljani, Anis. "Partial differential equations methods and regularization techniques for image inpainting." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MULH0278/document.
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Cette thèse concerne le problème de désocclusion d'images, au moyen des équations aux dérivées partielles. Dans la première partie de la thèse, la désocclusion est modélisée par un problème de Cauchy qui consiste à déterminer une solution d'une équation aux dérivées partielles avec des données aux bords accessibles seulement sur une partie du bord de la partie à recouvrir. Ensuite, on a utilisé des algorithmes de minimisation issus de la théorie des jeux, pour résoudre ce problème de Cauchy. La deuxième partie de la thèse est consacrée au choix des paramètres de régularisation pour des EDP d'ordre deux et d'ordre quatre. L'approche développée consiste à construire une famille de problèmes d'optimisation bien posés où les paramètres sont choisis comme étant une fonction variable en espace. Ceci permet de prendre en compte les différents détails, à différents échelles dans l'image. L'apport de la méthode est de résoudre de façon satisfaisante et objective, le choix du paramètre de régularisation en se basant sur des indicateurs d'erreur et donc le caractère à posteriori de la méthode (i.e. indépendant de la solution exacte, en générale inconnue). En outre, elle fait appel à des techniques classiques d'adaptation de maillage, qui rendent peu coûteuses les calculs numériques. En plus, un des aspects attractif de cette méthode, en traitement d'images est la récupération et la détection de contours et de structures finesImage inpainting refers to the process of restoring a damaged image with missing information. Different mathematical approaches were suggested to deal with this problem. In particular, partial differential diffusion equations are extensively used. The underlying idea of PDE-based approaches is to fill-in damaged regions with available information from their surroundings. The first purpose of this Thesis is to treat the case where this information is not available in a part of the boundary of the damaged region. We formulate the inpainting problem as a nonlinear boundary inverse problem for incomplete images. Then, we give a Nash-game formulation of this Cauchy problem and we present different numerical which show the efficiency of the proposed approach as an inpainting method.Typically, inpainting is an ill-posed inverse problem for it most of PDEs approaches are obtained from minimization of regularized energies, in the context of Tikhonov regularization. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the choice of regularization parameters in second-and fourth-order energy-based models with the aim of obtaining as far as possible fine features of the initial image, e.g., (corners, edges, … ) in the inpainted region. We introduce a family of regularized functionals with regularization parameters to be selected locally, adaptively and in a posteriori way allowing to change locally the initial model. We also draw connections between the proposed method and the Mumford-Shah functional. An important feature of the proposed method is that the investigated PDEs are easy to discretize and the overall adaptive approach is easy to implement numerically
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Platte, Rodrigo B. "Accuracy and stability of global radial basis function methods for the numerical solution of partial differential equations." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 8.72Mb, 143 p, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3181853.
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Pennanen, Teemu. "Dualization of monotone generalized equations /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5731.
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Brown, Thomas John. "The theory of integrated empathies." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08242006-120817.
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Green, Edward L. "Spectral theory of laplace-beltrami operators with periodic metrics." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29187.
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Choy, Vivian K. Y. 1971. "Estimating the inevitability of fast oscillations in model systems with two timescales." Monash University, Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9068.
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Kokarev, Gerasim Y. "Elements of qualitative theory of quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations for mappings valued in compact manifolds." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/284.
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Kelome, Djivèdé Armel. "Viscosity solutions of second order equations in a separable Hilbert space and applications to stochastic optimal control." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29159.
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De, Villiers Magdaline. "Existence theory for linear vibration models of elastic bodies." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10072009-201522.
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Maroofi, Hamed. "Applications of the Monge - Kantorovich theory." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29197.
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李達明 and Tad-ming Lee. "Isospectral transformations between soliton-solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29866261.
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Lee, Tad-ming. "Isospectral transformations between soliton-solutions of the Korteweg-de Vries equation /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1359753X.
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Cao, Xinlin. "Geometric structures of eigenfunctions with applications to inverse scattering theory, and nonlocal inverse problems." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/754.
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Inverse problems are problems where causes for desired or an observed effect are to be determined. They lie at the heart of scientific inquiry and technological development, including radar/sonar, medical imaging, geophysical exploration, invisibility cloaking and remote sensing, to name just a few. In this thesis, we focus on the theoretical study and applications of some intriguing inverse problems. Precisely speaking, we are concerned with two typical kinds of problems in the field of wave scattering and nonlocal inverse problem, respectively. The first topic is on the geometric structures of eigenfunctions and their applications in wave scattering theory, in which the conductive transmission eigenfunctions and Laplacian eigenfunctions are considered. For the study on the intrinsic geometric structures of the conductive transmission eigenfunctions, we first present the vanishing properties of the eigenfunctions at corners both in R2 and R3, based on microlocal analysis with the help of a particular type of planar complex geometrical optics (CGO) solution. This significantly extends the previous study on the interior transmission eigenfunctions. Then, as a practical application of the obtained geometric results, we establish a unique recovery result for the inverse problem associated with the transverse electromagnetic scattering by a single far-field measurement in simultaneously determining a polygonal conductive obstacle and its surface conductive parameter. For the study on the geometric structures of Laplacian eigenfunctions, we separately discuss the two-dimensional case and the three-dimensional case. In R2, we introduce a new notion of generalized singular lines of Laplacian eigenfunctions, and carefully investigate these singular lines and the nodal lines. The studies reveal that the intersecting angle between two of those lines is closely related to the vanishing order of the eigenfunction at the intersecting point. We provide an accurate and comprehensive quantitative characterization of the relationship. In R3, we study the analytic behaviors of Laplacian eigenfunctions at places where nodal or generalized singular planes intersect, which is much more complicated. These theoretical findings are original and of significant interest in spectral theory. Moreover, they are applied directly to some physical problems of great importance, including the inverse obstacle scattering problem and the inverse diffraction grating problem. It is shown in a certain polygonal (polyhedral) setup that one can recover the support of the unknown scatterer as well as the surface impedance parameter by finitely many far-field patterns. Our second topic is concerning the fractional partial differential operators and some related nonlocal inverse problems. We present some prelimilary knowledge on fractional Sobolev Spaces and fractional partial differential operators first. Then we focus on the simultaneous recovery results of two interesting nonlocal inverse problems. One is simultaneously recovering potentials and the embedded obstacles for anisotropic fractional Schrödinger operators based on the strong uniqueness property and Runge approximation property. The other one is the nonlocal inverse problem associated with a fractional Helmholtz equation that arises from the study of viscoacoustics in geophysics and thermoviscous modelling of lossy media. We establish several general uniqueness results in simultaneously recovering both the medium parameter and the internal source by the corresponding exterior measurements. The main method utilized here is the low-frequency asymptotics combining with the variational argument. In sharp contrast, these unique determination results are unknown in the local case, which would be of significant importance in thermo- and photo-acoustic tomography.
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Bates, Dana Michelle. "On a free boundary problem for ideal, viscous and heat conducting gas flow." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2180.
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We consider the flow of an ideal gas with internal friction and heat conduction in a layer between a fixed plane and an upper free boundary. We describe the top free surface as the graph of a time dependent function. This forces us to exclude breaking waves on the surface. For this and other reasons we need to confine ourselves to flow close to a motionless equilibrium state which is fairly easy to compute. The full equations of motion, in contrast to that, are quite difficult to solve. As we are close to an equilibrium, a linear system of equations can be used to approximate the behavior of the nonlinear system.
Analytic, strongly continuous semigroups defined on a suitable Banach space X are used to determine the behavior of the linear problem. A strongly continuous semigroup is a family of bounded linear operators {T(t)} on X where 0 ≤ t < infinity satisfying the following conditions.
1. T(s+t)=T(s)T(t) for all s,t ≥ 0
2. T(0)=E, the identity mapping.
3. For each x ∈ X, T(t)x is continuous in t on [0,infinity).
Then there exists an operator A known as the infinitesimal generator of such that T(t)=exp (tA). Thus, an analytic semigroup can be viewed as a generalization of the exponential function.
Some estimates about the decay rates are derived using this theory. We then prove the existence of long term solutions for small initial values. It ought to be emphasized that the decay is not an exponential one which engenders significant difficulties in the transition to nonlinear stability.
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Orispää, M. (Mikko). "On point sources and near field measurements in inverse acoustic obstacle scattering." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2002. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514268725.
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Abstract
The dissertation considers an inverse acoustic obstacle scattering
problem in which the incident field is generated by a point source and the
measurements are made in the near field region.
Three methods to solve the problem of reconstructing the support of
an unknown sound-soft or sound-hard scatterer from the near field
measurements are presented. Methods are modifications of Kirsch
factorization and modified Kirsch factorization methods. Numerical
examples are given to show the practicality of one of the methods.
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Dhamo, Vili [Verfasser], and Fredi [Akademischer Betreuer] Tröltzsch. "Optimal boundary control of quasilinear elliptic partial differential equations: theory and numerical analysis / Vili Dhamo. Betreuer: Fredi Tröltzsch." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022195867/34.
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NORNBERG, GABRIELLE SALLER. "METHODS OF THE REGULARITY THEORY IN THE STUDY OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH NATURAL GROWTH IN THE GRADIENT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=36015@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
PROGRAMA DE DOUTORADO SANDUÍCHE NO EXTERIOR
Nesta tese de Doutorado estudamos uma classe de equações diferenciais parciais de segunda ordem, uniformemente elípticas, completamente não-lineares na forma não-divergência, com crescimento superlinear no gradiente e coeficientes mensuráveis. Para equações com crescimento quadrático, provamos que ocorre multiplicidade de soluções quando o operador não é coercivo e investigamos o comportamento qualitativo dos contínuos de soluções obtidos para uma família parametrizada de problemas. Para isso, estendemos a regularidade e as estimativas C1, alfa, de Caffarelli-Swiech-Winter para equações com crescimento, no máximo quadrático, no gradiente, mostrando que as soluções são continuamente diferenciáveis até o bordo. Além disso, mostramos estimativas a priori na norma uniforme via técnicas puramente não-lineares na forma não-divergência, entre elas desigualdades do tipo Harnack e o princípio do máximo forte de Vázquez para equações de nosso tipo.
In this Ph.D. thesis we study a class of uniformly elliptic partial differential equations of second order in fully nonlinear nondivergence form with superlinear growth in the gradient and measurable coefficients. For equations with quadratic growth, we prove that multiplicity of solutions occurs when the operator is not coercive. We investigate the qualitative behavior of the continuums of solutions obtained for a parameterized family of problems. For this, we extend the Caffarelli-Swiech-Winter C1, alpha, regularity estimates to equations with at most quadratic gradient growth, showing that the solutions are continuously differentiable up to the boundary. Furthermore, we show a priori estimates in the uniform norm using purely nonlinear techniques in the nondivergence form, such as Harnack type inequalities and a Vázquez’s strong maximum principle for equations of our type.
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Manukian, Vahagn Emil. "Existence and stability of multi-pulses with applications to nonlinear optics." Connect to resource Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1117638160.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 134 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 130-134). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Luo, Yong [Verfasser], and Guofang [Akademischer Betreuer] Wang. "Some topics from submanifold theory and geometric partial differential equations = Einige Themen aus Untermannigfaltigkeit Theorie und geometrischen partiellen Differentialgleichungen." Freiburg : Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1114887412/34.
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McMillan, E. "Atomistic to continuum models for crystals." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288533.
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The theory of nonlinear mass-spring chains has a history stretching back to the now famous numerical simulations of Fermi, Pasta and Ulam. The unexpected results of that experiment have led to many new fields of study. Despite this, the mathematics of the lattice equations have proved sufficiently rich to attract continued attention to the present day. This work is concerned with the motions of an infinite one dimensional lattice with nearest-neighbour interactions governed by a generic potential. The Hamiltonian of such a system may be written $H = \sum_{i=-\infty}^{\infty} \, \Bigl(\frac{1}{2}p_i^2 + V(q_{i+1}-q_i)\Bigr)$, in terms of the momenta $p_i$ and the displacements $q_i$ of the lattice sites. All sites are assumed to be of equal mass. Certain generic conditions are placed on the potential $V$. Of particular interest are the solitary wave solutions which are known to exist upon such lattices. The KdV equation has long been known to emerge in a formal manner from the lattice equations as a continuum limit. More recently, the lattice's localized nonlinear modes have been rigorously approximated by the KdV's well-studied soliton solution, in the lattice's long wavelength regime. To date, however, little is known about how, and to what extent, lattice solitary waves differ from KdV solitons. It is proved in this work that a solution (which we prove to be unique) to a particular linear ordinary differential equation provides a correction to the KdV approximation. This gives, in an explicit way, the lowest order effect of lattice discreteness upon lattice solitary waves. It is also shown how such discreteness effects are propagated along the lattice both in isolation (single soliton case), and in the presence of another soliton correction (the bisoliton case). In the latter case their interaction is studied and the impact of lattice discreteness upon lattice solitary wave interactions is observed. This is possible by virtue of the discovery of an evolution equation for discreteness effects on the lattice. This equation is proved to have appropriate unique solutions and is found to be strikingly similar to corresponding equations known in both the theories of shallow water waves and ion-acoustic waves.
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Gilmour, Isla. "Nonlinear model evaluation : ɩ-shadowing, probabilistic prediction and weather forecasting." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298797.
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Physical processes are often modelled using nonlinear dynamical systems. If such models are relevant then they should be capable of demonstrating behaviour observed in the physical process. In this thesis a new measure of model optimality is introduced: the distribution of ɩ-shadowing times defines the durations over which there exists a model trajectory consistent with the observations. By recognising the uncertainty present in every observation, including the initial condition, ɩ-shadowing distinguishes model sensitivity from model error; a perfect model will always be accepted as optimal. The traditional root mean square measure may confuse sensitivity and error, and rank an imperfect model over a perfect one. In a perfect model scenario a good variational assimilation technique will yield an ɩ-shadowing trajectory but this is not the case given an imperfect model; the inability of the model to ɩ-shadow provides information on model error, facilitating the definition of an alternative assimilation technique and enabling model improvement. While the ɩ-shadowing time of a model defines a limit of predictability, it does not validate the model as a predictor. Ensemble forecasting provides the preferred approach for evaluating the uncertainty in predictions, yet questions remain as to how best to construct ensembles. The formation of ensembles is contrasted in perfect and imperfect model scenarios in systems ranging from the analytically tractable to the Earth's atmosphere, thereby addressing the question of whether the apparent simplicity often observed in very high-dimensional weather models fails `even in or only in' low-dimensional chaotic systems. Simple tests of the consistency between constrained ensembles and their methods of formulation are proposed and illustrated. Specifically, the commonly held belief that initial uncertainties in the state of the atmosphere of realistic amplitude behave linearly for two days is tested in operational numerical weather prediction models and found wanting: nonlinear effects are often important on time scales of 24 hours. Through the kind consideration of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasting, the modifications suggested by this are tested in an operational model.
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Gyurko, Lajos Gergely. "Numerical methods for approximating solutions to rough differential equations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d977be17-76c6-46d6-8691-6d3b7bd51f7a.
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The main motivation behind writing this thesis was to construct numerical methods to approximate solutions to differential equations driven by rough paths, where the solution is considered in the rough path-sense. Rough paths of inhomogeneous degree of smoothness as driving noise are considered. We also aimed to find applications of these numerical methods to stochastic differential equations. After sketching the core ideas of the Rough Paths Theory in Chapter 1, the versions of the core theorems corresponding to the inhomogeneous degree of smoothness case are stated and proved in Chapter 2 along with some auxiliary claims on the continuity of the solution in a certain sense, including an RDE-version of Gronwall's lemma. In Chapter 3, numerical schemes for approximating solutions to differential equations driven by rough paths of inhomogeneous degree of smoothness are constructed. We start with setting up some principles of approximations. Then a general class of local approximations is introduced. This class is used to construct global approximations by pasting together the local ones. A general sufficient condition on the local approximations implying global convergence is given and proved. The next step is to construct particular local approximations in finite dimensions based on solutions to ordinary differential equations derived locally and satisfying the sufficient condition for global convergence. These local approximations require strong conditions on the one-form defining the rough differential equation. Finally, we show that when the local ODE-based schemes are applied in combination with rough polynomial approximations, the conditions on the one-form can be weakened. In Chapter 4, the results of Gyurko & Lyons (2010) on path-wise approximation of solutions to stochastic differential equations are recalled and extended to the truncated signature level of the solution. Furthermore, some practical considerations related to the implementation of high order schemes are described. The effectiveness of the derived schemes is demonstrated on numerical examples. In Chapter 5, the background theory of the Kusuoka-Lyons-Victoir (KLV) family of weak approximations is recalled and linked to the results of Chapter 4. We highlight how the different versions of the KLV family are related. Finally, a numerical evaluation of the autonomous ODE-based versions of the family is carried out, focusing on SDEs in dimensions up to 4, using cubature formulas of different degrees and several high order numerical ODE solvers. We demonstrate the effectiveness and the occasional non-effectiveness of the numerical approximations in cases when the KLV family is used in its original version and also when used in combination with partial sampling methods (Monte-Carlo, TBBA) and Romberg extrapolation.
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Sroczinski, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Global existence and asymptotic decay for quasilinear second-order symmetric hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations occurring in the relativistic dynamics of dissipative fluids / Matthias Sroczinski." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184795460/34.
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Guerrier, Claire. "Multi-scale modeling and asymptotic analysis for neuronal synapses and networks." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066518/document.
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Dans cette thèse, nous étudions plusieurs structures neuronales à différentes échelles allant des synapses aux réseaux neuronaux. Notre objectif est de développer et analyser des modèles mathématiques, afin de déterminer comment les propriétés des synapses au niveau moléculaire façonnent leur activité, et se propagent au niveau du réseau. Ce changement d’échelle peut être formulé et analysé à l’aide de plusieurs outils tels que les équations aux dérivées partielles, les processus stochastiques ou les simulations numériques. Dans la première partie, nous calculons le temps moyen pour qu’une particule brownienne arrive à une petite ouverture définie comme le cylindre faisant la jonction entre deux sphères tangentes. La méthode repose sur une transformation conforme de Möbius appliquée à l’équation de Laplace. Nous estimons également, lorsque la particule se trouve dans un voisinage de l’ouverture, la probabilité d’atteindre l’ouverture avant de quitter le voisinage. De nouveau, cette probabilité est exprimée à l’aide d’une équation de Laplace, avec des conditions aux limites mixtes. En utilisant ces résultats, nous développons un modèle et des simulations stochastiques pour étudier la libération vésiculaire au niveau des synapses, en tenant compte de leur géométrie particulière. Nous étudions ensuite le rôle de plusieurs paramètres tels que le positionnement des canaux calciques, le nombre d’ions entrant après un potentiel d’action, ou encore l’organisation de la zone active. Dans la deuxième partie, nous développons un modèle pour le terminal pré- synaptique, formulé dans un premier temps comme un problème de réaction-diffusion dans un microdomaine confiné, où des particules browniennes doivent se lier à de petits sites cibles. Nous développons ensuite deux modèle simplifiés. Le premier modèle couple un système d’équations d’action de masse à un ensemble d’équations de Markov, et permet d’obtenir des résultats analytiques. Dans un deuxième temps, nous developpons un modèle stochastique basé sur des équations de taux poissonniens, qui dérive de la théorie du premier temps de passage et de l’analyse précédente. Ce modèle permet de réaliser des simulations stochastiques rapides, qui donnent les mêmes résultats que les simulations browniennes naïves et interminables. Dans la dernière partie, nous présentons un modèle d’oscillations dans un réseau de neurones, dans le contexte du rythme respiratoire. Nous developpons un modèle basé sur les lois d’action de masse représentant la dynamique synaptique d’un neurone, et montrons comment l’activité synaptique au niveau des neurones conduit à l’émergence d’oscillations au niveau du réseau. Nous comparons notre modèle à plusieurs études expérimentales, et confirmons que le rythme respiratoire chez la souris au repos est contrôlé par l’excitation récurrente des neurones découlant de leur activité spontanée au sein du réseauIn the present PhD thesis, we study neuronal structures at different scales, from synapses to neural networks. Our goal is to develop mathematical models and their analysis, in order to determine how the properties of synapses at the molecular level shape their activity and propagate to the network level. This change of scale can be formulated and analyzed using several tools such as partial differential equations, stochastic processes and numerical simulations. In the first part, we compute the mean time for a Brownian particle to arrive at a narrow opening defined as the small cylinder joining two tangent spheres. The method relies on Möbius conformal transformation applied to the Laplace equation. We also estimate, when the particle starts inside a boundary layer near the hole, the splitting probability to reach the hole before leaving the boundary layer, which is also expressed using a mixed boundary-value Laplace equation. Using these results, we develop model equations and their corresponding stochastic simulations to study vesicular release at neuronal synapses, taking into account their specific geometry. We then investigate the role of several parameters such as channel positioning, the number of entering ions, or the organization of the active zone. In the second part, we build a model for the pre-synaptic terminal, formulated in an initial stage as a reaction-diffusion problem in a confined microdomain, where Brownian particles have to bind to small target sites. We coarse-grain this model into two reduced ones. The first model couples a system of mass action equations to a set of Markov equations, which allows to obtain analytical results. We develop in a second phase a stochastic model based on Poissonian rate equations, which is derived from the mean first passage time theory and the previous analysis. This model allows fast stochastic simulations, that give the same results than the corresponding naïve and endless Brownian simulations. In the final part, we present a neural network model of bursting oscillations in the context of the respiratory rhythm. We build a mass action model for the synaptic dynamic of a single neuron and show how the synaptic activity between individual neurons leads to the emergence of oscillations at the network level. We benchmark the model against several experimental studies, and confirm that respiratory rhythm in resting mice is controlled by recurrent excitation arising from the spontaneous activity of the neurons within the network