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Journal articles on the topic 'Differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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Vercelli, Barbara, Sara Crotti, and Marco Agostini. "Voltammetric responses at modified electrodes and aggregation effects of two anticancer molecules: irinotecan and sunitinib." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 42 (2020): 18233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nj03896b.

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Jemelková, Zuzana, Jiří Zima, and Jiří Barek. "Voltammetric and amperometric determination of doxorubicin using carbon paste electrodes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 74, no. 10 (2009): 1503–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2009081.

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Direct current voltammetric (DCV) and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX) at a carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed. Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 7.0) was used as a supporting electrolyte. The limits of detection are 8 × 10–7 mol l–1 (DCV) and 6 × 10–8 mol l–1 (DPV). The accumulation of DOX at the electrode surface was used to decrease the limits of detection down to 2.2 × 10–7 mol l–1 for adsorptive stripping DC voltammetry (DCAdSV) and 2.8 × 10–9 mol l–1 for adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (DPAdSV) at CPE. The results of the voltammetric methods were utilized for the development of a new determination of doxorubicin using HPLC with amperometric detection on CPE based on spherical microparticles of glassy carbon in a wall-jet configuration. A column with chemically bonded C18 stationary phase and a mobile phase containing 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 5.0)–methanol 25:75 (v/v) were used. The limit of detection is 4 × 10–7 mol l–1 (HPLC with electrochemical detection (ED)).

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Hájková, Andrea, Vlastimil Vyskočil, Aleš Daňhel, Joseph Wang, and Jiří Barek. "Polarographic and voltammetric determination of genotoxic 2-aminofluoren-9-one at mercury electrodes." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 76, no. 12 (2011): 1775–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2011142.

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Electrochemical behavior of genotoxic 2-aminofluoren-9-one (2-AFN) was investigated by DC tast polarography (DCTP) and differential pulse polarography (DPP), both at a classical dropping mercury electrode (DME), and by DC voltammetry (DCV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry (AdSDPV), all at a miniaturized hanging mercury drop minielectrode (HMDmE), in buffered aqueous-methanolic solutions. Optimum conditions were found for the determination of 2-AFN by DCTP at DME in the concentration range from 1 × 10–6to 1 × 10–4mol l–1(with a limit of quantification (LQ) of 5 × 10–7mol l–1), by DPP at DME (from 1 × 10–7to 1 × 10–4mol l–1;LQ ≈ 1 × 10–7mol l–1), by DCV and DPV at HMDmE (both from 1 × 10–7to 1 × 10–4mol l–1;LQs ≈ 2 × 10–7and 1 × 10–7mol l–1for DCV and DPV, respectively), and by AdSDPV at HMDmE (from 2 × 10–9to 1 × 10–7mol l–1;LQ ≈ 4 × 10–9mol l–1). Practical applicability of the developed methods was verified on the direct determination of 2-AFN in model samples of drinking and river water in nanomolar to micromolar concentrations.

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Ağın, Fatma. "Voltammetric Determination of Guaifenesin in Pharmaceuticals and Urine Samples Based on Poly(Bromocresol Purple) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 5 (2020): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412915666190114154434.

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Introduction: The electro-oxidation behavior of expectorant drug Guaifenesin (GUF) was studied on poly(bromocresol purple) modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (GCE) by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) methods. Materials and Methods: GCE was modified with electropolymerization of Bromocresol Purple (BP) monomer for sensitive determination of GUF with voltammetric methods. The oxidation process of GUF showed irreversible and diffusion controlled behavior. The linearity has been obtained in the range from 1.00 × 10-7 to 2.00 × 10-5 M with the limit of detection 3.658 × 10-9 M for DPV in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 3.0. Results and Conclusion: Fully validated differential pulse voltammetry was successfully applied for the determination of GUF in pharmaceutical dosage forms and urine samples obtained satisfying results.

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Suthisa, Leasen, Jose Hector Hodak, Jiraporn Srisala, et al. "Detecting DNA-DNA Hybridization at 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid Self-Assembled on Tin-Doped Indium Oxide Film with Electrochemical Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 770 (September 2013): 402–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.770.402.

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Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were applied on tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) surfaces and used as a working electrode for sensing DNA hybridization. The concentration of probe single stranded DNA (ssDNA), complemented with target DNA, was optimized for the highest yield immobilization on MPA/ITO platform. The ssDNA/MPA/ITO was allowed to hybridize to target DNA prepared from PCR amplification that first tested by the synthesized complementary sequences. Both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed for investigating probe ssDNA immobilization and target DNA hybridization. For fast and low concentration detecting purposes, methylene blue (MB) coupled with differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for detecting the target DNA hybridization events.

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Radi, Abd-Elgawad, Hossam M. Nassef, and Mohamed I. Attallah. "Investigation of antimalarial drug pyrimethamine and its interaction with dsDNA by electrochemical and spectroscopic techniques." Analytical Methods 7, no. 10 (2015): 4159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay00774g.

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The electrochemical behavior of the antimalarial drug pyrimethamine (PMT) was examined at a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) in different aqueous supporting electrolytes using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).

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Aleksic, Mara, Nikola Lijeskic, Jelena Pantic, and Vera Kapetanovic. "Electrochemical behavior and differential pulse voltammetric determination of ceftazidime, cefuroxime-axetil and ceftriaxone." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 11, no. 1 (2013): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1301055a.

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The voltammetric behavior of three cephalosporins: ceftazidime, cefuroxime-axetil and ceftriaxone has been examined in pH range 2.0-8.0 by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), using a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The effect of pH of the electrolyte solution and scan rate on the peak currents and peak potentials was examined. The nature of the electrode reduction process in acid solution was found to be diffusion controlled for ceftazidime and cefuroxime-axetil, but strongly influenced by adsorption in the case of ceftriaxone reduction. The adsorption and reorientation of the ceftriaxone molecule at the electrode surface caused instability of the voltammetric signal and disabled its determination in the acid medium. Ceftriaxone adsorption decreased with the increase of pH, and at pH>7 the reduction process became diffusion controlled. Based on this study, DPV method was developed, validated and suggested for determination of ceftazidime at pH 2.0, cefuroxime-axetil at pH 3.5 and for ceftriaxone at pH 8.0. Linear concentration ranges, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined. The method was applied for determination of cephalosporins in pharmaceutical dosage forms: Ceftazidime powder, Ceroxim tablets and Longaceph powder for injection solution.

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Figueiredo-Filho, Luiz C. S., Elen R. Sartori, and O. Fatibello-Filho. "Electroanalytical determination of the linuron herbicide using a cathodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode: comparison with a boron-doped diamond electrode modified with platinum nanoparticles." Analytical Methods 7, no. 2 (2015): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02182g.

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David, Iulia Gabriela, Nimet Numan, Mihaela Buleandră, et al. "Rapid Voltammetric Screening Method for the Assessment of Bioflavonoid Content Using the Disposable Bare Pencil Graphite Electrode." Chemosensors 9, no. 11 (2021): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9110323.

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Hesperidin (HESP) is a plant bioflavonoid found in various nutritional and medicinal products. Many of its multiple health benefits rely on the compound’s antioxidant ability, which is due to the presence of oxidizable hydroxyl groups in its structure. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of HESP at a cheap, disposable pencil graphite electrode (PGE) in order to develop rapid and simple voltammetric methods for its quantification. Cyclic voltammetric investigations emphasized a complex electrochemical behavior of HESP. The influence of the electrode material, solution stability, supporting electrolyte pH, and nature were examined. HESP main irreversible, diffusion-controlled oxidation signal obtained at H type PGE in Britton Robinson buffer pH 1.81 was exploited for the development of a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) quantitative analysis method. The quasi-reversible, adsorption-controlled reduction peak was used for HESP quantification by differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV). The linear ranges of DPV and DPAdSV were 1.00 × 10−7–1.20 × 10−5 and 5.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−6 mol/L with detection limits of 8.58 × 10−8 and 1.90 × 10−8 mol/L HESP, respectively. The DPV method was applied for the assessment of dietary supplements bioflavonoid content, expressed as mg HESP.

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Ferreira, Taimara Polidoro, Rafael Arromba de Sousa, and Denise Lowinsohn. "Simultaneous determination of Pb and Cd in low-cost jewelry using differential pulse voltammetry." Analytical Methods 8, no. 45 (2016): 8028–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ay02699k.

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Elqudaby, Hoda M., Hassan A. M. Hendawy, Eglal R. Souaya, Gehad G. Mohamed, and Ghada M. G. Eldin. "Utility of Activated Glassy Carbon and Pencil Graphite Electrodes for Voltammetric Determination of Nalbuphine Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical and Biological Fluids." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8621234.

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This work compares voltammetric response of nalbuphine hydrochloride (NP·HCl) at both activated glassy carbon and pencil graphite electrodes. The electrochemical oxidation of the drug was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. For analytical purpose a well-resolved irreversible diffusion controlled voltammetric peak was established in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffer solution of pH 6.00 using pencil graphite electrode (PGE). Using activated glassy carbon electrode (GCE) a well-resolved irreversible diffusion controlled voltammetric peak was obtained at pH 7.00 using the same buffer solution. According to the linear relationship between the peak current and NP·HCl concentration, DPV and SWV methods were developed for their quantitative determination in pharmaceutical and human biological fluids. The linear response was obtained in the range from1.6×10-5to1.5×10-4 mol L−1using PGE and from12.5×10-6to13.75×10-5 mol L−1using a GC electrode, respectively. Precision and accuracy of the developed method were checked by recovery studies.

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Liu, Chun Xiu, Hong Min Liu, Qing De Yang, et al. "Highly Sensitive Determination of Dopamine Using Osmium/Nafion Modified Disposable Integrated Biosensor." Advanced Materials Research 60-61 (January 2009): 311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.60-61.311.

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A biosensor based on gold electrode modified by Pt nanaoparticles/Osmium redox polymer/Nafion trilayer film was fabricated and used for selective and sensitive determination of dopamine. The biosensor is explored for DA sensing using the cyclic voltammetry (CV), amperometric and differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) methods. The CV anodic peak currents showed a linear range with a correlation coefficient of 0.996, localized in the concentration range 0~192 μM. The differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) peak currents were linear with DA concentration during 2~425 μM with correlation coefficient of 0.99. The biosensor showed high sensitivity of 0.5 nA /nM cm2 and excellent reproducibility with the detection limit of ~10 nM (S/N=3) for the determination of DA. The easy fabrication, low detection limit and high sensitivity of the integrated biosensor making it particularly suitable for the analytical purposes.

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Suliborska, Klaudia, Monika Baranowska, Agnieszka Bartoszek, Wojciech Chrzanowski, and Jacek Namieśnik. "Determination of Antioxidant Activity of Vitamin C by Voltammetric Methods." Proceedings 11, no. 1 (2019): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019011023.

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Voltammetric methods—cyclic (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) are considered the most appropriate way to evaluate antioxidant activity of redox active compounds. They provide information about both mechanism and kinetics of electrochemical oxidation of antioxidants as well as their physical and chemical properties such as the redox potential or the number of electrons transferred. These methods are helpful for understanding the mechanisms of oxidation or reduction processes of antioxidant compounds. This work presents the electrochemical properties of vitamin C obtained by both CV and DPV methods.

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Alharthi, Sarah, Hany A. Batakoushy, Saif A. Alharthy, Mahmoud O. Abd El-Magied, and Waheed M. Salem. "Electro-analytical sensing of anti-hypotensive agents: application to dosage forms and human urine." Toxicology Research 11, no. 1 (2022): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfac004.

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Abstract A new and valid method was developed for the quantitative voltammetric analysis of midodrine hydrochloride (MID) in pharmaceutical tablets (Midodrine) and biological samples. The method is based on electro-oxidation of MID supported by both disposable pencil electrode (PE) and glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The analysis was carried out using cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and square wave voltammetry (SWV) techniques. The proposed analytical method was validated according to ICH guidelines. MID was successively assayed at concentration ranges of 1.15–6.55 and 0.58–3.05 μg mL−1 at PE. Also, MID was successively assayed at concentration ranges of 1.15–5.28 and 2.86–27.6 μg mL−1 at GCE for DPV and SWV methods, respectively. The proposed method was successfully used for the analysis of MID in its dosage form and human urine with good recoveries of 99.66 ± 0.33, 99.8 ± 0.45 at PE and 99.8 ± 0.25, 98.7 ± 1.27 at GCE for the DPV and SWV methods, respectively. The suggested method could be applied to the studied drug in the quality control lab as well as in its pharmacokinetic studies.

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Richtera, Lukas, Hoai Viet Nguyen, David Hynek, Jiri Kudr, and Vojtech Adam. "Electrochemical speciation analysis for simultaneous determination of Cr(iii) and Cr(vi) using an activated glassy carbon electrode." Analyst 141, no. 19 (2016): 5577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6an00983b.

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Kaczmarska, Kinga, Mariola Brycht, Andrzej Leniart, and Sławomira Skrzypek. "Differential pulse voltammetric determination of an immunosuppressive drug teriflunomide on an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode." RSC Advances 7, no. 42 (2017): 26028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra00407a.

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In the present work, sensitive and selective determination of teriflunomide (Trf) on an edge plane pyrolytic graphite electrode (EPPGE) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) is presented for the first time.

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Xu, Xiaoting, Xuan Li, Juncong Miao, et al. "A dual-mode label-free electrochemical immunosensor for ultrasensitive detection of procalcitonin based on g-C3N4-NiCo2S4-CNTs-Ag NPs." Analyst 146, no. 10 (2021): 3169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1an00372k.

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A novel label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometric i–t curve (i–t) dual-mode analysis is proposed for early quantitative detection of procalcitonin (PCT).

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Liu, Rong, Cunxi Lei, Tongsheng Zhong, et al. "A graphene/ionic liquid modified selenium-doped carbon paste electrode for determination of copper and antimony." Analytical Methods 8, no. 5 (2016): 1120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ay02945g.

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A graphene (GN) and ionic liquid (IL) modified selenium-doped carbon paste electrode (GN/IL/Se/CPE) was established to simultaneously determine trace Cu(ii) and Sb(iii) by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).

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Mohammadi, Sayed Zia, Hadi Beitollahi, Tahereh Rohani, and Hossein Allahabadi. "Carvacrol electrochemical reaction characteristics on screen printed electrode modified with La2O3/Co3O4 nanocomposite." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (2019): 113–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.637.

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Electrochemical characteristics of carvacrol were investigated on a screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with La2O3/Co3O4 nanocomposite by using voltammetric techniques, which displayed a well-defined peak for sensitive carvacrol determination in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH 7.0. La2O3/Co3O4 nanoparticles demonstrated suitable catalytic activity for carvacrol determination by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. Besides, determination of carvacrol in a real samples was recognized in the light of electrochemical findings and a validated voltammetric technique for quantitative analysis of carvacrol in a real formulation was proposed. The DPV peak currents were found to be linear in the concentration range of 10.0 to 800.0 μM. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1.0 μM.

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Liu, Jingjing, Ning Xu, Hong Men, et al. "Salivary Cortisol Determination on Smartphone-Based Differential Pulse Voltammetry System." Sensors 20, no. 5 (2020): 1422. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051422.

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Cortisol is commonly used as a significant biomarker of psychological or physical stress. With the accelerated pace of life, non-invasive cortisol detection at the point of care (POC) is in high demand for personal health monitoring. In this paper, an ultrasensitive immunosensor using gold nanoparticles/molybdenum disulfide/gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/MoS2/AuNPs) as transducer was explored for non-invasive salivary cortisol monitoring at POC with the miniaturized differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) system based on a smartphone. Covalent binding of cortisol antibody (CORT-Ab) onto the AuNPs/MoS2/AuNPs transducer was achieved through the self-assembled monolayer of specially designed polyethylene glycol (PEG, SH-PEG-COOH). Non-specific binding was avoided by passivating the surface with ethanolamine. The miniaturized portable DPV system was utilized for human salivary cortisol detection. A series current response of different cortisol concentrations decreased and exhibited a linear range of 0.5–200 nM, the detection limit of 0.11 nM, and high sensitivity of 30 μA M−1 with a regression coefficient of 0.9947. Cortisol was also distinguished successfully from the other substances in saliva. The recovery ratio of spiked human salivary cortisol and the variation of salivary cortisol level during one day indicated the practicability of the immunosensor based on the portable system. The results demonstrated the excellent performance of the smartphone-based immunosensor system and its great potential application for non-invasive human salivary cortisol detection at POC.

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Li, Zheng, Yong Zhang, Jiaye Ye, Meiqing Guo, Jing Chen, and Weiyi Chen. "Nonenzymatic Glucose Biosensors Based on Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on TiO2Nanotubes." Journal of Nanotechnology 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9454830.

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In the present research, a nonenzymatic glucose biosensor was fabricated by depositing Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using in situ chemical reduction method on TiO2nanotubes which were synthesized by anodic oxidation process. The structure, morphology, and mechanical behaviors of electrode were examined by scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation. It was found that Ag-NPs remained both inside and outside of TiO2nanotubes whose length and diameter were about 1.2 μm and 120 nm. The composition was constructed as an electrode of nonenzymatic biosensor for glucose oxidation. The electrocatalytic properties of the prepared electrodes for glucose oxidation were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CVs) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Compared with bare TiO2and Ag-fresh TiO2nanotube, Ag-TiO2/(500°C) nanotube exhibited the best electrochemical properties from cyclic voltammetry (CVs) results. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) results showed that, at +0.03 V, the sensitivity of the electrode to glucose oxidation was3.69 mA⁎cm-2⁎mM-1with a linear range from 20 mM to 190 mM and detection limit of 24 μM (signal-to-voice ratio of 3). In addition the nonenzymatic glucose sensors exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and repeatability.

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Macikova, Pavla, Vladimir Halouzka, Jan Hrbac, Petr Bartak, and Jana Skopalova. "Electrochemical Behavior and Determination of Rutin on Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/394756.

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The performances of ionic liquid (1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium-bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, IL/CPE) and iron phthalocyanine (IP/CPE) modified carbon paste electrodes in electroanalytical determinations of rutin were evaluated and compared to the performance of unmodified carbon paste electrode (CPE). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetry (DPAdSV), and amperometry were used for rutin analysis. The best current responses of rutin were obtained at pH 4.0 for all tested techniques. IL/CPE electrode was found to perform best with DPAdSV technique, where a detection limit (LOD) as low as 5 nmol L-1of rutin was found. On the other hand, IP/CPE showed itself to be an optimum choice for DPV technique, where LOD of 80 nmol L-1was obtained. Analytical applicability of newly prepared electrodes was demonstrated on determination of rutin in the model samples and the extracts of buckwheat seeds. To find an optimum method for buckwheat seeds extraction, a boiling water extraction (BWE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), pressurized solvent extraction (PSE), and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) were tested.

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Aflatoonian, Mohammad Reza, Somayeh Tajik, Behnaz Aflatoonian, and Hadi Beitollahi. "Electrochemical measurements of ascorbic acid based on graphite screen printed electrode modified with La3+/Co3O4 nanocubes transducer." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 9, no. 3 (2019): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.643.

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Electrochemical characterization of ascorbic acid oxidation on a graphite screen printed electrode (SPE) modified with La3+/Co3O4nanocubes is performed by applying cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CHA), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Synthesized La3+/Co3O4nanocubes for SPE modification, La3+/Co3O4/SPE, enhance the ascorbic acid electrooxidation kinetics by reducing the anodic overpotential. Excellent La3+/Co3O4/SPE electrochemical properties provide sensitive ascorbic acid voltammetric determination with low detection limit, good stability and quick response towards electrooxidation of ascorbic acid as compared to bare SPE. Under optimized conditions, DPV current demonstrates a linear response for ascorbic acid over a concentration range of 1.0 to 900.0 mM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997, and detection limit (LOD) (S/N = 3) = 0.3 mM. The proposed procedure offers a potential application for producing the sensor with good repeatability. Also, fast response of fabricated sensor can allow a real-time analysis of real samples.

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Chihava, Ruvimbo, Daniel Apath, Mambo Moyo, Munyaradzi Shumba, Vitalis Chitsa, and Piwai Tshuma. "One-Pot Synthesized Nickel-Cobalt Sulfide-Decorated Graphene Quantum Dot Composite for Simultaneous Electrochemical Determination of Antiretroviral Drugs: Lamivudine and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate." Journal of Sensors 2020 (July 2, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3124102.

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In the present study, simultaneous electrochemical behavior of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and lamivudine (LAM) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a novel nanocomposite, nickel-cobalt sulfide-decorated graphene quantum dots (Ni-CoS/GQDs) was investigated. Characterization of different components used for modifications was achieved using UV-Vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemistry of TDF and LAM at the modified electrode was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A substantial (+39 mV TDF; +20 mV LAM) decrease in potential on oxidation reaction in 0.1 M PBS (pH 8.0) was achieved due to synergy between Ni-CoS and GQDs. Using optimized voltammetric parameters and pH, DPV gave a linear calibration over the range 5-18 μM for TDF and LAM. The detection limits were calculated as 2.42×10−8 mM (LAM) and 1.21×10−8 mM (TDF). The estimated values for Gibbs free energy revealed adsorption of TDF and LAM on Ni-CoS/GQDs/GCE as a spontaneous and favorable process. The voltammetric method was applied for determination of LAM and TDF in a pharmaceutical formulation giving average recovery of 99.65%.

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Safaei, Mohadeseh. "A Sensitive Voltammetric Sensor Based on Au Nanoparticle Decorated Graphene Nanosheets Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Determination of Acetylcholine in Presence of Dopamine." Nanoarchitectonics 1, no. 1 (2020): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37256/nat.112020182.43-52.

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In this study the electro oxidation of acetylcholine (ACh) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) with the modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by Au nanoparticle decorated graphene nanosheets (Au NPs/GNs). DPV is a rapid and sensitive electro analytical technique for determination of acetylcholine in presence of dopamine (DA). Using DPV technique, the current was linear within a concentration range of 0.1-700.0 µM of acetylcholine. The detection limit of the method for acetylcholine is 0.04 µM (S/N=3). Diffusion coefficient, D, and charge transfer coefficients, α, have been determined for oxidizing acetylcholine at the modified surface. The applicability of the proposed method was shown by the successful analysis of acetylcholine in real sample.

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Čížek, Karel, Jiří Barek, and Jiří Zima. "Polarographic and Voltammetric Determination of Trace Amounts of 3-Nitrofluoranthene." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 71, no. 11-12 (2006): 1571–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20061571.

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The polarographic behavior of 3-nitrofluoranthene was investigated by DC tast polarography (DCTP) and differential pulse polarography (DPP), both at a dropping mercury electrode, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV), both at a hanging mercury drop electrode. Optimum conditions have been found for its determination by the given methods in the concentration ranges of 1 × 10-6-1 × 10-4 mol l-1 (DCTP), 1 × 10-7-1 × 10-4 mol l-1 (DPP), 1 × 10-8-1 × 10-6 mol l-1 (DPV) and 1 × 10-9-1 × 10-7 mol l-1 (AdSV), respectively. Practical applicability of these techniques was demonstrated on the determination of 3-nitrofluoranthene in drinking and river water after its preliminary separation and preconcentration using liquid-liquid and solid phase extraction with the limits of determination 4 × 10-10 mol l-1 (drinking water) and 2 × 10-9 mol l-1 (river water).

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Joseph, Teena, Jasmine Thomas, Tony Thomas, and Nygil Thomas. "Engineering Low Cost ZnO/RGO Nanocomposite for the Picomolar Sensing of Epinephrine, Uric Acid and Tyrosine." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 11 (2021): 117509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac334b.

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This paper demonstrates a highly sensitive, selective, biocompatible and cost-effective method for the simultaneous determination of Epinephrine (EPN), Uric acid (UA) and Tyrosine (TYR). Superior electrochemical performance was achieved using ZnO/RGO/CPE modified electrodes compared to individual components, graphene oxide (GO) and ZnO modified electrodes. The electrochemical activity of the fabricated sensor is examined through cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and chronoamperometry (CA). A sharp increase in anodic peak current and negative shift in the electrode potential upon modification indicates enhanced electrocatalytic activity of ZnO/RGO/CPE. Well distinguishable voltammetric peaks with base-to-base separation and better anodic current were achieved with modified electrode in a mixture of EPN, UA and TYR. The developed sensor exhibits good electrocatalytic activity and an excellent rate of electron transfer arising from the synergistic effect of ZnO and RGO. The detection limit of each biomolecule calculated using DPV is 310 pM for EPN, 340 pM for UA and 730 pM for TYR. The practical feasibility of the proposed sensor is demonstrated by recording satisfactory voltammetric responses in human urine and serum samples.

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Hossain, Md Uzzal, Md Toufiqur Rahman, and Md Qamrul Ehsan. "Simultaneous Detection and Estimation of Catechol, Hydroquinone, and Resorcinol in Binary and Ternary Mixtures Using Electrochemical Techniques." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/862979.

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Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were performed with a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with polyglutamic acid (PGA) on the three dihydroxybenzene isomers, catechol (CT), hydroquinone (HQ), and resorcinol (RS). At bare GCE, these isomers exhibited voltammograms with highly overlapped redox peaks that impeded their simultaneous detection in binary and ternary mixtures. On the contrary, at PGA modified GCE binary and ternary mixtures of the dihydroxybenzene isomers showed well-resolved redox peaks in both CV and DPV experiments. This resolving ability of PGA modified GCE proves its potential to be exploited as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous detection of these isomers.

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Bao, Zhi Juan, Xia Xia Yan, Li Juan Wang, Jian Fei Tian, and Fu Li Tian. "Study on the Electrochemical Properties of Ethylmalto at Carbon Nanotube/ITO Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2487.

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A new voltammetric sensor for the detection of ethylmalto was developed, based on the carbon nanotube ( CNT)/ITO modified electrode which allows for lower background current and more reproducible responses. The resulting sensor exhibits excellent redox activity towards ethylmalto. CNT/ITO electrodes were obtained by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method .Further differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) experiments demonstrate that the oxidative peaks increased linearly with ethylmalto concentration in the range of 2.0×10-6to 8.0×10-5mol L-1with a linear equation of ip= 0.3428 + 0.7132C and coefficient of 0.994.

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Darvishi, Maryam, Shahab Shariati, Fariba Safa, and Akbar Islamnezhad. "Surface blocking of azolla modified copper electrode for trace determination of phthalic acid esters as the molecular barricades by differential pulse voltammetry: response surface modelling optimized biosensor." RSC Advances 11, no. 52 (2021): 32630–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04714k.

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In this work, a sensitive and efficient voltammetric biosensor was introduced for differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) determination of dibutyl phthalate, dimethyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and dicyclohexyl phthalate in aqueous solutions.

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Güney, Sevgi, Gülcemal Yıldız, and Gönül Yapar. "Determination of Mercury (II) Ion on Aryl Amide-Type Podand-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/529415.

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A new voltammetric sensor based on an aryl amide type podand, 1,8-bis(o-amidophenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane, (AAP) modified glassy carbon electrode, was described for the determination of trace level of mercury (II) ion by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). A well-defined anodic peak corresponding to the oxidation of mercury on proposed electrode was obtained at 0.2 V versus Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The effect of experimental parameters on differential voltammetric peak currents was investigated in acetate buffer solution of pH 7.0 containing 1 × 10−1 mol L−1NaCl. Mercury (II) ion was preconcentrated at the modified electrode by forming complex with AAP under proper conditions and then reduced on the surface of the electrode. Interferences of Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ions were also studied at two different concentration ratios with respect to mercury (II) ions. The modified electrode was applied to the determination of mercury (II) ions in seawater sample.

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N.Z.N, Aqmar, W. F. H. Abdullah, Z. M. Zain, and S. Rani. "Embedded 32-bit Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) Technique for 3-electrode Cell Sensing." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 340 (March 2018): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/340/1/012016.

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Dushna, Olha, Liliya Dubenska, Serhiy Plotycya, Mariana Rydchuk, and Mykola Blazheyevskіy. "The Alternative Voltammetric Method for the Determination of Nicotine and Its Metabolite Nicotine N-Oxide." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 1 (2022): 016513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac4b26.

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In the present paper, for the first time, the electrochemical behaviour of nicotine metabolite nicotine N-oxide (NNO) on static mercury dropping electrode (SMDE) and mercury meniscus modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE) has been reported. Nicotine N-oxide is reduced forming one peak at the potential −0.78 V on SDME and −0.86 V on m-AgSAE in Britton-Robinson buffer medium at pH 4.5 using cyclic voltammetry (CV). One electron and one proton take part in the reaction of NNO reduction. Calibration graphs for NNO determination using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) on SDME and square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) on m-AgSAE were obtained. Limit of detection (LOD) is 0.13 μM on SDME, and 0.16 μM (SWV) and 0.29 μM (DPV) on m-AgSAE. Since NNO can be used as an analytical form for nicotine voltammetric determination, so the developed methods were applied for the analysis of pharmaceutical preparations, and the recoveries from 97.3% to 104.6% were achieved. Also, the elaborated methods were used in the analysis of biological fluids, and tobacco products. The obtained results were compared to those indicated in the certificates of drugs analysis, and to the results, obtained by reference methods (HPLC and GC).

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Tyszczuk-Rotko, Katarzyna, Jędrzej Kozak, and Anna Węzińska. "Electrochemically Activated Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode for Determination of Ibuprofen." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (2021): 9908. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11219908.

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In this study, we present a simple, sensitive and selective analytical procedure for the ibuprofen (IBP) analysis using the commercially available screen-printed carbon electrode electrochemically activated (aSPCE) by cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M NaOH. The quantitative determinations of IBP were carried out in 0.25 M acetate buffer solution of pH 4.5 ± 0.1 using the differential-pulse voltammetry (DPV). Different experimental parameters for DPV analysis were optimized, including pH and concentration of supporting electrolyte, amplitude (ΔEA), scan rate (ν) and modulation time (tm). The linear ranges of calibration curve were from 0.50–20.0 and 20.0–500.0 µM. The detection and quantification limits were estimated to be 0.059 and 0.20 µM. The aSPCE displayed satisfactory repeatability, reproducibility, and selectivity. Furthermore, the DPV procedure with the use of aSPCE was used to determination of IBP in pharmaceutical formulations. The results achieved by DPV show satisfactory agreement with those obtained by manufacturers (the relative errors are in the range of 3.1–4.7%).

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Almbrok, Eissa Mohamed, Nor Azah Yusof, Jaafar Abdullah, and Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi. "Electrochemical Detection of a Local Anesthetic Dibucaine at Arrays of Liquid|Liquid MicroInterfaces." Chemosensors 9, no. 1 (2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors9010015.

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Electrochemical characterization and detection of protonated dibucaine (DIC+) at microinterface array across water|1,6-dichlorohexane were performed using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Some thermodynamic parameters of dibucaine, such as the standard transfer potential, the Gibbs energy of transfer and the partition coefficient, were estimated by CV. In addition to the analytical parameters, the impact of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on dibucaine detection (in artificial serum matrices) was also investigated. DPV was applied to detect a lower concentration of DIC+, resulting in a detection limit of 0.9 ± 0.06 µM. While the presence of BSA affected CV, demonstrated as reduced current responses, DPV was confirmed to be an efficient method for lowering concentrations of the dibucaine detection in the artificial serum matrix in the presence of BSA, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.9 ± 0.12 µM.

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Parsa, Ali, and Maryam Tajik. "Determination of ascorbic acid using differential pulse voltammetry method on aniline-co-para–aminophenol modified electrode." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 19, no. 2 (2017): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjct-2017-0038.

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Abstract The electro-synthesis of poly(aniline-co-para–aminophenol) on graphite electrode was examined using cyclic voltammetry (CV) over the potential window of −0.2 V to 1 V in phosphoric acid medium, which was comprised of potassium chloride and para–Toluene sulfonic acid (pTSA) as electrolyte support. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to identify the electro-synthesized copolymer while impedance techniques were used to determine charge transfer resistance (Rct) in modified and unmodified electrodes. After this, the electro-catalytic effect of the modified electrode on ascorbic acid was examined using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and a very strong response was observed. A negative shift of about 0.33 V was found in the peak anodic potentials for ascorbic acid. Measurement using DPV indicated a proper response by the electrode to a wide range of ascorbic acid concentrations, from 0.0001 to 0.0004 M. The peak anodic currents for increased concentrations showed a proper linear range.

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Kala, Deepak, Tarun Kumar Sharma, Shagun Gupta, et al. "Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Modified Paper Electrode as a Biosensing Platform for Detection of the htrA Gene of O. tsutsugamushi." Sensors 21, no. 13 (2021): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21134366.

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The unique structural and electrochemical properties of graphene oxide (GO) make it an ideal material for the fabrication of biosensing devices. Therefore, in the present study, graphene oxide nanoparticles modified paper electrodes were used as a low-cost matrix for the development of an amperometric DNA sensor. The graphene oxide was synthesized using the modified hummers method and drop cast on a screen-printed paper electrode (SPPE) to enhance its electrochemical properties. Further, the GO/SPPE electrode was modified with a 5′NH2 labeled ssDNA probe specific to the htrA gene of Orientia tsutsugamushi using carbodiimide cross-linking chemistry. The synthesized GO was characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, and XRD. The layer-by-layer modification of the paper electrode was monitored via FE-SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The sensor response after hybridization with single-stranded genomic DNA (ssGDNA) of O. tsutsugamushi was recorded using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Methylene blue (1 mM in PBS buffer, pH 7.2) was used as a hybridization indicator and [Fe(CN)6]−3/−4 (2.5 mM in PBS buffer, pH 7.2) as a redox probe during electrochemical measurements. The developed DNA sensor shows excellent sensitivity (1228.4 µA/cm2/ng) and LOD (20 pg/µL) for detection of O. tsutsugamushi GDNA using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).

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Asadpour-Zeynali, Karim, Mir Majidi, and Mitra Zarifi. "Carbon ceramic electrode incorporated with zeolite ZSM-5 for determination of Piroxicam." Open Chemistry 8, no. 1 (2010): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-009-0122-z.

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AbstractA new chemically modified electrode is constructed based on carbon ceramic electrode incorporated with zeolite ZSM-5. Voltammetric behavior of piroxicam at the carbon ceramic zeolite modified electrode (CCZME) was investigated. The modified electrode exhibited catalytic activity toward the electrooxidation of piroxicam. Experimental parameters such as solution pH, scan rate, concentration of piroxicam and zeolite amount were studied. It has been shown that using the CCZME, piroxicam can be determined by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and hydrodynamic amperometry (HA). Under the optimized conditions the calibration plots are linear in the concentration ranges of 0.20–25.00 and 0.20–50.10 μM with limit of detections of 0.65 and 0.29 μM for DPV and HA, respectively. The modified electrode with DPV and HA methods was successfully applied for analysis of piroxicam in pharmaceutical formulations. The results were favorably compared to those obtained by the spiked method. The results of the analysis suggest that the proposed method has promise for the routine determination of piroxicam in the products examined.

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Radi, Abd-Elgawad M., та Shimaa H. Eissa. "Electrochemical study of glimepiride and its complexation with β-cyclodextrin". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 76, № 1 (2010): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2010091.

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The electrochemical behavior of a hypoglycemic drug, glimepiride (GM), was studied at glassy carbon (GCE) and carbon paste (CPE) electrodes in phosphate buffer over the pH range of 2.7–11.7 using cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Oxidation of the drug was shown to be an irreversible and diffusion-controlled process. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the drug yielded a well-defined voltammetric peak in phosphate buffer pH 6.4 at +1.16 V and pH 7.0 at +1.07 V (vs Ag|AgCl) on glassy carbon and carbon paste electrodes, respectively. This process could be used to determine glimepiride concentrations in the range from 1.0 × 10–5 to 3.2 × 10–5 mol l–1 with a detection limit of 2.0 × 10–6 mol l–1 in case of the glassy carbon electrode and in the range of 2.0 × 10–6 to 1.5 × 10–5 mol l–1 with a detection limit of 7.5 × 10–7 mol l–1 in case of the carbon paste electrode. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the drug in a tablet dosage form. Next, the formation of an inclusion complex of glimepiride with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0):methanol (90:10 (v/v)) has been investigated by differential pulse voltammetry as well as UV spectrophotometry and its stability constant was determined by both methods to be 202.0 and 197.9 l mol–1, respectively.

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Lu, Lin, Xianqiao Hu, and Zhiwei Zhu. "Joint Voltammetry Technology with a Multi-electrode Array for Four Basic Tastes." Current Analytical Chemistry 15, no. 1 (2018): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573411014666180522100504.

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Background: Rapid and easy technology which can mimic the tongue for the simultaneous perception of several tastes based on sensory analysis and mathematical statistics is sorely needed. Methods: Joint voltammetry technology was developed to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze four basic tastes namely sweetness, saltiness, sourness and bitterness with the multi-electrode array. Four taste stimuli were corresponded to four tastes. Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) were employed. The original voltammetric signals were transformed by Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) in order to reveal more feature information for sensing taste stimuli. Joint voltammetry was applied via the combination of voltammetry. The data of feature points from the transformed signal as the input were used for neural network model. Results: Layer-Recurrent neural network (LRNN) could effectively identify the types of stimuli. The accuracies of the training set and test set by joint voltammetry were both higher than that of regular voltammetry, confirming that Back Propagation neural network (BPNN) could quantitatively predict single taste stimulus of the mixture. Conclusion: Joint voltammetry technology had a strong ability to sense basic tastes as human tongue.

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Lazar, Ioana Georgiana, Elena Diacu, Gabriela Geanina Vasile, Eleonora Mihaela Ungureanu, and Alexandru Anton Ivanov. "Study of Analytical Parameters of a Differential Pulse Voltammetric Method using Chemically Modified Electrodes for Lead Analysis in Water." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 9 (2018): 2311–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.9.6524.

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The development of a new voltammetric method for the determination of Pb2+ ions in water samples using glassy carbon electrodes modified with 2,6-bis((E)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)vinyl)-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-yl)pyrylium perchlorate is here presented. The analytical parameters for differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were established and the method was applied for Pb2+ ions determination in acetate buffer solution at pH 5.5. For the developed DPV method the linearity of calibration curve was set up between 20.71mg L-1 - 103.6 mg L-1 with a good correlation coefficient R2=0.9988, the intermediate precision was calculated for three lead concentrations:20, 60,100mg L-1.The obtained detection and quantification limits were 3.1 mg L-1, respectively 10.4 mg L-1. An uncertainty budget was developed and the value of expanded uncertainty was assessed. The optimized method was used to analyze Pb2+ ions from of water samples and good correlation with standard method was obtained.

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Pan, Hong Cheng, Jiang Tao Liu, Wei Hong Liu, Xue Peng Li, and Guo Xi Liang. "Electrochemical Study on the Effect of Xanthine on Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Pt Thin Films and Pt(IV)-Xanthine Interaction." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.460.

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Nanostructured Pt thin films were electrodeposited in the presence of varying amounts of xanhtine. The electrodeposited Pt films exhibit different catalytic efficiency for methanol electro-oxidation. The anodic current of methanol decreases linearly with the increase of xanthine during the electrodeposition. The effect of xanthine on the catalytic efficiency of Pt films was studied by cyclic votlammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The results of CV and DPV reveal the formation of a 2:1 complex between Pt(IV) and xanthine. The conditional stability constant of the complexes was determined to be 3.8×106.

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Amro, Abdulaziz N. "Voltammetric Method Development for Itopride Assay in a Pharmaceutical Formulation." Current Pharmaceutical Analysis 16, no. 3 (2020): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573412915666190912122421.

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Background: Itopride used for the gastrointestinal symptoms caused by reduced gastrointestinal mobility. For the first time rapid, low cost and green voltammetric method has been applied to analyze itopride in pharmaceutical formulation. Method: Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) methods have been applied in this study. Results: Na2SO4 (1M) supporting electrolyte exhibited sharper anodic peak current than other used supporting electrolytes; glassy carbon electrode (GC) working electrode shows better results than platinum electrode (Pt). SWV results show the lowest limit of detection and quantitation values of 2.3 and 18.1 μg.mL-1, respectively. SWV recovery is 100.56% and 100.46% for 50 μg.mL-1 and 100 μg.mL-1 of commercially available itopride tablets, respectively. Furthermore, SWV inter and intraday results precessions are better than other used methods with 0.96 and 0.56% RSD, respectively. Conclusion: The optimum method of applied methods in this study is SWV method. Voltammetry showed low LOD and LOQ values with high accuracy and precession in addition to comparable repeatability and reproducibility values.

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Kim, Dongwon, Kyeong-Deok Seo, Yoon-Bo Shim, et al. "Pair of chiral 2D silver(i) enantiomers: chiral recognition of l- and d-histidine via differential pulse voltammetry." Dalton Transactions 51, no. 15 (2022): 6046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1dt03371a.

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A pair of chiral 2D enantiomeric sheets were constructed using AgPF6 with a pair of chiral tridentate ligands. The differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique was found to be an effective tool for enantio-recognition of l- and d-histidines.

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Skrzypek, Sławomira, Valentin Mirceski, Sylwia Smarzewska, Dariusz Guziejewski, and Witold Ciesielski. "Voltammetric study of 2-guanidinobenzimidazole: Electrode mechanism and determination at mercury electrode." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 76, no. 12 (2011): 1699–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2011122.

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Although 2-guanidinobenzimidazole (GBI; CAS: 5418-95-1) is a compound of biological interest, generally there is a lack of electrochemical studies and the methods of its determination. The GBI behavior at a mercury electrode was analyzed under conditions of linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), square-wave voltammetry (SWV) and square-wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV). Although GBI is electrochemically inactive at mercury electrode it adsorbs at the mercury surface and catalyzes effectively the hydrogen evolution reaction. Theoretical analysis of two possible pathways, according to which the GBI electrode mechanism can be explained, is performed. Simple analysis of peak current and potential with respect to available time window, i.e. change of frequency can be helpful in discerning the character of the recorded SW current. The established electrode mechanism is assumed to involve a preceding chemical reaction in which the adsorbed catalyst (GBIads) is protonated and the protonated form of the catalyst (GBIH+(ads)) is irreversibly reduced at potential about –1.18 V vs Ag|AgCl (citrate buffer pH 2.5). New methods of voltammetric determination of 2-guanidinobenzimidazole were developed. The detection and quantifications limits were found to be 1 × 10–7, 1 × 10–6 mol l–1 (SWV); 8 × 10–8, 9 × 10–7 mol l–1 (SWSV); 4 × 10–7, 2 × 10–6 mol l–1 (DPV) and 6 × 10–7, 3 × 10–6 mol l–1 (LSV), respectively.

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Panneer Selvam, Sathish, Somasekhar R. Chinnadayyala, Sungbo Cho, and Kyusik Yun. "Differential Pulse Voltammetric Electrochemical Sensor for the Detection of Etidronic Acid in Pharmaceutical Samples by Using rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB." Nanomaterials 10, no. 7 (2020): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10071368.

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An rGO-Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor was developed to detect etidronic acid (EA) using the differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) technique. Rapid self-assembly of the rGO-Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite was accomplished through probe sonication. The developed rGO-Ag@SiO2 nanocomposite was used as an electrochemical sensing platform by drop-casting on a gold (Au) printed circuit board (PCB). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) confirmed the enhanced electrochemical active surface area (ECASA) and low charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB. The accelerated electron transfer and the high number of active sites on the rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB resulted in the electrochemical detection of EA through the DPV technique with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.68 μM and a linear range of 2.0–200.0 μM. The constructed DPV sensor exhibited high selectivity toward EA, high reproducibility in terms of different Au PCBs, excellent repeatability, and long-term stability in storage at room temperature (25 °C). The real-time application of the rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB for EA detection was investigated using EA-based pharmaceutical samples. Recovery percentages between 96.2% and 102.9% were obtained. The developed DPV sensor based on an rGO-Ag@SiO2/Au PCB could be used to detect other electrochemically active species following optimization under certain conditions.

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Trofin, Alina Elena, Lucia Carmen Trincă, Elena Ungureanu, and Adina Mirela Ariton. "CUPRAC Voltammetric Determination of Antioxidant Capacity in Tea Samples by Using Screen-Printed Microelectrodes." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2019 (May 14, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8012758.

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Measurement of antioxidant capacity represents an analytical major challenge in terms of accuracy, efficiency, rapid response, or low cost of detection methods. Quantification of antioxidant capacity of food samples using disposable screen‐printed microelectrodes (SPMEs) was based on cyclic voltammetry versus open-circuit potential (CV vs OCP) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) as compared with spectrophotometric measurement of the CUPRAC reaction with 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (trolox). The SPMEs are organic‐resistant electrodes and thus compatible with food samples and organic solvents used to dissolve trolox. A micropipette was used to release a drop of 50 μL sample on the spotted surface of the SPME sensor/working electrode that was time programmed to function according to the working protocol. The SPME response was linearly correlated with trolox content. This preliminary demonstration was focused on the analysis of tea infusions, due to the simplicity and reproducibility of the samples’ preparations involved. Analytical results of the antioxidant capacity (expressed as mol·L−1 trolox equivalents) of the tea samples showed a good agreement in the case of spectrophotometry and differential pulse voltammetry (R2 > 0.998). DPV with SPME based on CUPRAC reactions was proven to be a promising approach for the characterization of antioxidant capacity of tea samples with rapid response, cost-effectiveness, and simplicity of operation.

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Lazar, Ioana Georgiana, Elena Diacu, George Octavian Buica, Eleonora Mihaela Ungureanu, Georgiana Luiza Arnold, and Liviu Birzan. "The Heavy Metals Sensing Based on 2,6-Bis(-2-(Thiophen-3-yl)Vinyl)-4-(4,6,8-Trimethylazulen-1-yl)Pyrylium Modified Electrodes." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 11 (2017): 2509–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.11.5917.

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This paper focuses on electrochemical characterization of new azulene compound 2,6-bis((E)-2-(thiophen-3-yl)vinyl)-4-(4,6,8-trimethylazulen-1-yl)pyrylium (L) by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), rotating disk electrode voltammetry (RDE) on glassy carbon disk working electrodes. The character of redox processes was established by CV and RDE using increasing scan rates at different scan domains. PolyL modified electrodes have been prepared by scanning or controlled potential electrolysis (CPE). The complexing properties of L and polyL have been investigated towards detection of heavy metal ions by anodic stripping technique. The voltammetric curves present well defined peaks for Pb2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+, which can be used as analytical signals for their determination. The performances of the modified electrodes obtained at different potentials and charges have been evaluated. The best results have been obtained for Pb2+ and Cd2+ with the achievement of detection limits of 10-7 M.

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Amjadi, Mohammad, Jalal Mohammadi Khoshraj, Mir Reza Majidi, Behzad Baradaran, and Miguel de la Guardia. "Evaluation of Flavonoid Derivative and Doxorubicin Effects in Lung Cancer Cells (A549) Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry Method." Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin 8, no. 4 (2018): 637–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/apb.2018.072.

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Purpose: Electrochemical measurements have prompted the progress as a consequence of their affectability, cost-affectivity and comparatively short examination time. The aim of this study was the fast evaluation of the effect of chemotherapy compounds on the viability of lung cancer cells (A549) via electrochemical methods. Methods: Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used as a primary method to distinguish between electrochemical behavior of normal and lung cancer cells. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed as a complementary analyses method for the impact of doxorubicin (DOX) and Flavonoid modified drug (FMD) (US patent Application number: 62548886) on Lung cancer cells. Results: Only one oxidative peak, at approximately -0.15 V was detected through DPV method in cancer cell line. While a significant distinguish was not seen in CV. The current intensity (I) was decreased in cancer cells with increasing the DOX and FMD levels (t=99.027, α=0.05, P=0.0000), (t=135.513, α=0.05, P=0.0000), respectively. Conclusion: The movement of cancerous cells towards death through chemotherapy drugs such as DOX and FMD can make distinct and significant changes in the electrochemical behaviors of those cells.

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Kamel, Mahmoud Mohamed, Ehab Mahmoud Abdalla, Mohamed Sayed Ibrahim, and Yassin Mohamed Temerk. "Electrochemical studies of ascorbic acid, dopamine, and uric acid at a dl-norvaline-deposited glassy carbon electrode." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 4 (2014): 329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2014-0024.

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Abstract:

The electrochemical behavior of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) on a dl-norvaline-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The bare GCE failed to distinguish the oxidation peaks of AA, DA, and UA in phosphate-buffered solution (pH 5.0), while the dl-norvaline-modified GCE could separate them efficiently. In differential pulse voltammetric (DPV) measurements, the modified electrode resolved the overlapped voltammetric responses of AA, DA, and UA into three well-defined voltammetric peaks. Under optimum conditions, the anodic peak currents of DPV for AA, DA, and UA were proportional to the concentration in the range of 20–400, 1–40, and 15–180 μmol/L, respectively, with a correlation coefficient (r) of around 0.998. The detection limits were 5, 0.3, and 10 μmol/L (S/N = 3) for AA, DA, and UA, respectively. Satisfactory results were achieved for the determination of AA in vitamin C tablets, DA in a dopamine ampoule sample, and UA in human blood serum samples.

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