Academic literature on the topic 'Differential weathering'

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Journal articles on the topic "Differential weathering"

1

White, Art F., Thomas D. Bullen, Marjorie S. Schulz, Alex E. Blum, Thomas G. Huntington, and Norman E. Peters. "Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, no. 6 (2001): 847–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00577-9.

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2

Deng, Zhiyong, Fengchong Lan, and Jiqing Chen. "Differential Distribution Analysis and Region and Grade Regulation on Auto-Parts Weathering External Factors with Non-Uniform Thermal Environment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155116.

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It is difficult to comprehensively master and precisely regulate the external factors distribution of automobile weathering in non-uniform thermal environment as well as the consequent disequilibrium weathering problem, while exploring weather-resistant materials in uniform thermal environment. Thus, a numerical calculation method for the weathering external factors is proposed, on the basis of annual experimental study on the outdoor weathering inconsistencies of auto-parts. The time–space distribution characteristics and day–night variation rules of the external factors are studied, and the disequilibrium weathering mechanism among parts is revealed from the perspective of non-uniform distribution of external factors. The laws of automotive physical parameters, orientations and locations, as well as their influences on external factors distribution are analyzed in detail, and hereby the targeted schemes to effectively reduce the local external factor intensity and the thermal gradient between parts are investigated. The method can be used to rapidly predict weathering external factors distribution of vehicle exposed to outdoor in any direction during day and night, so as to provide auto-parts with differentiated test schemes in accelerated tests and IP/DP box tests, and it also contributes to present some pertinence guidance for the accurate regulation of automobile disequilibrium weathering on regions at different levels.
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3

Guo, Yan Fen, You Ji Tao, Gan Xin Jie, et al. "Degradation Behavior of Pure Polystyrene Subjected to Two Natural Climate Types and the Simulated Effect of Artificial Accelerated Weathering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2632.

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Pure polystyrene (PS) was subjected to natural weathering in Qionghai (QH) and Ruoqiang (RQ) of China, representing hot and humid climate and xerothermic climate respectively. The degradation profile of pure PS was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Spectrophotometer. Artificial accelerated weathering tests protocol A and B were carried out to simulate hot and humid climate and xerothermic climate respectively. Results show that pure PS degrade slowly at the initial stage and then become faster. Color shift could be an appropriate indicator for evaluating simulated effect of artificial accelerated weathering and protocol A simulate hot and humid climate perfectly while protocol B turns out weak for xerothermic climate.
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4

McCarroll, Danny. "Differential weathering of feldspar and pyroxene in an arctic-alpine environment." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 15, no. 7 (1990): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290150706.

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5

Ibarra, Daniel E., Jeremy K. Caves, Seulgi Moon, et al. "Differential weathering of basaltic and granitic catchments from concentration–discharge relationships." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 190 (October 2016): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.07.006.

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6

Andersson, P. O. D., and R. H. Worden. "Stratigraphic variations in mudstone mineral assemblages from a submarine fan-complex: Karoo Basin, South Africa." Clay Minerals 41, no. 4 (2006): 839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855064140223.

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AbstractDespite the high-grade diagenesis experienced by the Skoorsteenberg Formation mudstones, Tanqua Karoo basin, South Africa, geochemical data have been interpreted to reveal primary mineralogy and so help understand provenance evolution. The geochemical signatures show systematic variations related to stratigraphy. The main changes in mudstones from the lower to the upper part of the section include: (1) an increase in the feldspar content of the primary sediment and a decrease in the content of Al-rich clay (probably dioctahedral smectite); (2) a decrease in the degree of chemical weathering of the sediment, representing a change to a dryer and/or cooler climate; (3) an increase in TiO2/Al2O3 representing increasing mafic sources; (4) an increase in CaO/(K2O+CaO) also possibly representing increasing mafic sources. Mass flux and differential diagenesis are unlikely to be responsible for the depth-related changes since the rocks have undergone the same degree of high-grade diagenesis and the mudstones are interrupted by other lithologies, so disturbing any sort of diffusion gradient. These variations could plausibly be the result of one or more of differential weathering, evolving provenance characteristics or variable hydrodynamic fractionation of the sediment. The ratio of Zr/Y, a possible indicator of hydrodynamic fractionation, increases only slightly and irregularly up-section. There is no relationship between the silica content, representative of the quartz-silt content of the sediment, and TiO2/Al2O3 showing that the amount of quartz, and so the degree of hydrodynamic fractionation, has not controlled mudstone geochemistry. The stratigraphic increase in feldspar content, the decrease in Al-rich clay content and increase of both TiO2/Al2O3 and CaO/(K2O+CaO) must be due to a combination of marginally evolving provenance characteristics (more mafic and felsic rocks exposed to weathering with time) and changes in the degree of rock weathering (less chemical weathering with time).
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7

Zhu, Tengwei, Feng Huang, Jing Liu, Qian Hu, and Wei Li. "Effects of inclusion on corrosion resistance of weathering steel in simulated industrial atmosphere." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 63, no. 6 (2016): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-05-2015-1538.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the atmospheric corrosion mechanism of structural materials to develop more advanced corrosion-control technologies and cost-reduction strategies. As a second phase in steels, the non-metallic oxide inclusions are considered to not only affect the mechanical properties of steel but also the corrosion resistance of steel. So, an important research goal in this paper is to investigate the indoor accelerated corrosion kinetics of Q450NQR1 weathering steel, analyzing the galvanic polarity of different inclusions in electrochemical corrosion microcell between the inclusion and steel matrix and then elucidating the influence mechanism of inclusions on corrosion resistance of weathering steel. Design/methodology/approach Two methods of inclusion modification are usually used to improve the properties of weathering steel: one is calcium treatment on aluminum killed steel and the other one is rare earth (RE) modification. Wet/dry cyclic immersion corrosion test field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) metallographic optical microscope. Findings The indoor accelerated corrosion kinetics of Q450NQR1 weathering steel could be divided into two stages with different log (thickness loss, D)-log (time, t) fitting functions, and the effect of inclusions on the corrosion resistance of Q450NQR1 weathering steel was only reflected in the initial stages of corrosion. The inclusions of CaS in Ca-modified test steel and RE oxides and sulfides in RE-modified test steel were preferentially dissolved in acid media, slowing down the corrosion rate of steel matrix, but the non-metallic inclusion Al2O3 may accelerate the corrosion rate of the steel matrix as a form of differential aeration corrosion. Originality/value The effects of inclusions on corrosion resistance of Q450NQR1 weathering steel was investigated by dry–wet cycle immersion test and FE-SEM. The effect of inclusions on the corrosion resistance of Q450NQR1weathering steel was only reflected in the initial stages of corrosion. The inclusions of CaS in Ca-modified test steel and rare earth (RE) oxides and sulfides in RE-modified test steel were preferentially dissolved in acid media, slowing down the corrosion rate of steel matrix, but the non-metallic inclusion Al2O3 may accelerate corrosion rate of the steel matrix as a form of differential aeration corrosion.
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8

Darmody, Robert G., Colin E. Thorn, and John C. Dixon. "Differential rock weathering in the ‘valley of the boulders', kärkevagge, swedish lapland." Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 90, no. 3 (2008): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2008.339.x.

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9

Todisco, Dominique, and Hervé Monchot. "Bone Weathering in a Periglacial Environment: The Tayara Site (KbFk-7), Qikirtaq Island, Nunavik (Canada)." ARCTIC 61, no. 1 (2009): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic9.

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Bone weathering analysis of the Palaeoeskimo Tayara site (Qikirtaq Island, Nunavik, Canada) documents site taphonomy in the Arctic periglacial environment. Like a majority of sites in the eastern Canadian Arctic, Tayara has a faunal assemblage dominated by marine mammals (seal, walrus, and beluga whale) and some terrestrial mammals (caribou, fox, and bear). Statistical and spatial analyses of five weathering stages reveal that large mammal bone preservation is generally good and does not seem to be influenced by taxonomic and skeletal differences. The good preservation of the faunal assemblage seems to have been favored by the burial of bones and their incorporation into the active layer, which suggests only limited mechanical deterioration (i.e., freeze-thaw or wet-dry cycles, or both) before or at the time of burial. Burial depth partly explains the degree of bone weathering. Indeed, the well-preserved bones are found mainly where burial is associated with thicker overlying sediments. This implies rapid bone burial with a low degree of exposure to temperature changes and atmospheric processes. However, analysis also shows the presence of highly weathered bones where burial is associated with thicker overlying sediments. Consequently, differential bone depth probably does not explain all bone-weathering variability within the site. These results show the importance of examining bone weathering before any archaeozoological and paleoethnographic interpretations.
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10

Butylina, Svetlana, Marko Hyvärinen, and Timo Kärki. "Weathering of wood-polypropylene and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites containing pigments in Finnish climatic conditions." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 5 (2015): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2014-0066.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the resistance of wood-polypropylene and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites containing pigments to natural weathering. Design/methodology/approach – Natural weathering of composites was conducted in Finnish climatic conditions for one year. The colour of the composites was determined with a spectrophotometer, the morphology of the composite surface was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the changes in the polymer structure in surface layer of the composites were analysed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Charpy impact strength was determined with an impact tester. Findings – The pigments used in this study reduced the colour change of the composites exposed to outdoor weathering as compared with the un-coloured composite. The carbon black pigment was more effective than the iron oxide pigment. Moreover, only the carbon black pigment was found to reduce the degradation of the surface layer of the composites. The addition of the carbon black pigment had a positive effect on the dimensional stability of the composites in a water absorption test. Only the combination of the carbon black pigment and wollastonite resulted in a composite which was capable to retain its Charpy impact strength both after one year of outdoor weathering and cyclic treatment. Research limitations/implications – This study is a part of continuous research on the development of wood-polymer composites (WPUs) suitable for outdoor applications in Finnish climatic conditions. The first part of the study, which has been published earlier, showed the results of weathering of composites in accelerated tests in comparison with 1,000 hours outdoor exposure during summer time (June and July). Outdoor weathering limited to 1,000 hours cannot give an objective view on the weathering behaviour of composites in Finnish climatic conditions. The results of the current study were obtained from one-year outdoor exposure of composites. Originality/value – The wood-polypropylene composite made with the combination of the carbon black pigment and wollastonite can be recommended for outdoor applications. The study provides useful information on the resistance of wood-polypropylene composites to weathering in Finnish climatic conditions.
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