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Journal articles on the topic 'Differential weathering'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

White, Art F., Thomas D. Bullen, Marjorie S. Schulz, Alex E. Blum, Thomas G. Huntington, and Norman E. Peters. "Differential rates of feldspar weathering in granitic regoliths." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 65, no. 6 (2001): 847–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(00)00577-9.

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2

Deng, Zhiyong, Fengchong Lan, and Jiqing Chen. "Differential Distribution Analysis and Region and Grade Regulation on Auto-Parts Weathering External Factors with Non-Uniform Thermal Environment." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155116.

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It is difficult to comprehensively master and precisely regulate the external factors distribution of automobile weathering in non-uniform thermal environment as well as the consequent disequilibrium weathering problem, while exploring weather-resistant materials in uniform thermal environment. Thus, a numerical calculation method for the weathering external factors is proposed, on the basis of annual experimental study on the outdoor weathering inconsistencies of auto-parts. The time–space distribution characteristics and day–night variation rules of the external factors are studied, and the

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3

Guo, Yan Fen, You Ji Tao, Gan Xin Jie, et al. "Degradation Behavior of Pure Polystyrene Subjected to Two Natural Climate Types and the Simulated Effect of Artificial Accelerated Weathering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 2632–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.2632.

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Pure polystyrene (PS) was subjected to natural weathering in Qionghai (QH) and Ruoqiang (RQ) of China, representing hot and humid climate and xerothermic climate respectively. The degradation profile of pure PS was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Spectrophotometer. Artificial accelerated weathering tests protocol A and B were carried out to simulate hot and humid climate and xerothermic climate respectively. Results show that pure PS degrade slowly

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4

McCarroll, Danny. "Differential weathering of feldspar and pyroxene in an arctic-alpine environment." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 15, no. 7 (1990): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290150706.

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5

Ibarra, Daniel E., Jeremy K. Caves, Seulgi Moon, et al. "Differential weathering of basaltic and granitic catchments from concentration–discharge relationships." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 190 (October 2016): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.07.006.

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6

Andersson, P. O. D., and R. H. Worden. "Stratigraphic variations in mudstone mineral assemblages from a submarine fan-complex: Karoo Basin, South Africa." Clay Minerals 41, no. 4 (2006): 839–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855064140223.

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AbstractDespite the high-grade diagenesis experienced by the Skoorsteenberg Formation mudstones, Tanqua Karoo basin, South Africa, geochemical data have been interpreted to reveal primary mineralogy and so help understand provenance evolution. The geochemical signatures show systematic variations related to stratigraphy. The main changes in mudstones from the lower to the upper part of the section include: (1) an increase in the feldspar content of the primary sediment and a decrease in the content of Al-rich clay (probably dioctahedral smectite); (2) a decrease in the degree of chemical weath

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7

Zhu, Tengwei, Feng Huang, Jing Liu, Qian Hu, and Wei Li. "Effects of inclusion on corrosion resistance of weathering steel in simulated industrial atmosphere." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 63, no. 6 (2016): 490–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-05-2015-1538.

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Purpose This paper aims to investigate the atmospheric corrosion mechanism of structural materials to develop more advanced corrosion-control technologies and cost-reduction strategies. As a second phase in steels, the non-metallic oxide inclusions are considered to not only affect the mechanical properties of steel but also the corrosion resistance of steel. So, an important research goal in this paper is to investigate the indoor accelerated corrosion kinetics of Q450NQR1 weathering steel, analyzing the galvanic polarity of different inclusions in electrochemical corrosion microcell between

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8

Darmody, Robert G., Colin E. Thorn, and John C. Dixon. "Differential rock weathering in the ‘valley of the boulders', kärkevagge, swedish lapland." Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 90, no. 3 (2008): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2008.339.x.

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9

Todisco, Dominique, and Hervé Monchot. "Bone Weathering in a Periglacial Environment: The Tayara Site (KbFk-7), Qikirtaq Island, Nunavik (Canada)." ARCTIC 61, no. 1 (2009): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic9.

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Bone weathering analysis of the Palaeoeskimo Tayara site (Qikirtaq Island, Nunavik, Canada) documents site taphonomy in the Arctic periglacial environment. Like a majority of sites in the eastern Canadian Arctic, Tayara has a faunal assemblage dominated by marine mammals (seal, walrus, and beluga whale) and some terrestrial mammals (caribou, fox, and bear). Statistical and spatial analyses of five weathering stages reveal that large mammal bone preservation is generally good and does not seem to be influenced by taxonomic and skeletal differences. The good preservation of the faunal assemblage

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10

Butylina, Svetlana, Marko Hyvärinen, and Timo Kärki. "Weathering of wood-polypropylene and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites containing pigments in Finnish climatic conditions." Pigment & Resin Technology 44, no. 5 (2015): 313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2014-0066.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study the resistance of wood-polypropylene and wood-wollastonite-polypropylene composites containing pigments to natural weathering. Design/methodology/approach – Natural weathering of composites was conducted in Finnish climatic conditions for one year. The colour of the composites was determined with a spectrophotometer, the morphology of the composite surface was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the changes in the polymer structure in surface layer of the composites were analysed with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Charp

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11

Place, Joachim, Deyan Draganov, Alireza Malehmir, Christopher Juhlin, and Chris Wijns. "Crosscoherence-based interferometry for the retrieval of first arrivals and subsequent tomographic imaging of differential weathering." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 4 (2019): Q37—Q48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0405.1.

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Exhumation of crust exposes rocks to weathering agents that weaken the rocks’ mechanical strength. Weakened rocks will have lower seismic velocity than intact rocks and can therefore be mapped using seismic methods. However, if the rocks are heavily weathered, they will attenuate controlled-source seismic waves to such a degree that the recorded wavefield would become dominated by ambient noise and/or surface waves. Therefore, we have examined the structure of differential weathering by first-break traveltime tomography over a seismic profile extending approximately 3.5 km and acquired at a mi

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12

Kajaks, Janis, Karlis Kalnins, and Juris Matvejs. "Accelerated Aging of WPCs Based on Polypropylene and Plywood Production Residues." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (2019): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0014.

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AbstractA lot of researchers are closely connected with natural, lignocellulose fibre containing bio-composites producing and studies. Various of polymer matrices, mainly polyolefins, combinations with natural fibres as a reinforcement are used. Our studies are focused on polypropylene based bio-composites containing birch plywood production by-product sanding dust (PSD) accelerated weathering processes. The nine groups of the samples with different composition were exposed in an accelerated weathering chamber for a total duration of the 1032 h. The surface colour, gloss, whiteness degree, mic

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Mysiukiewicz, Olga, Mateusz Barczewski, Katarzyna Skórczewska, Joanna Szulc, and Arkadiusz Kloziński. "Accelerated Weathering of Polylactide-Based Composites Filled with Linseed Cake: The Influence of Time and Oil Content within the Filler." Polymers 11, no. 9 (2019): 1495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091495.

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This paper presents the effects of accelerated weathering on the properties of polylactide (PLA) composites filled with linseed cake. The particle-shaped waste filler with different linseed oil content (0.9–39.8 wt %) was incorporated with constant amount of 10 wt % to a polymeric matrix and subjected to accelerated weathering tests with different exposition times. The structure of the composites, their mechanical, thermal, and thermo-mechanical properties were evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy, tensile test, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and differential scanning calor

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14

Genthon, Pierre, Jean-Lambert Join, and Julie Jeanpert. "Differential weathering in ultramafic rocks of New Caledonia: The role of infiltration instability." Journal of Hydrology 550 (July 2017): 268–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.04.059.

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15

Seo. "Effect of geological characteristics on differential weathering of low-graded metasedimentary rock slopes." Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association 15, no. 4 (2013): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.9711/ktaj.2013.15.4.375.

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16

SCHWID, MAXWEL F., SHUHAI XIAO, MORRISON R. NOLAN, and ZHIHUI AN. "DIFFERENTIAL WEATHERING OF DIAGENETIC CONCRETIONS AND THE FORMATION OF NEOPROTEROZOIC ANNULATED DISCOIDAL STRUCTURES." PALAIOS 36, no. 1 (2021): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2020.018.

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ABSTRACT Annulated discoidal structures are common in many Neoproterozoic and particularly Ediacaran successions. Their interpretations, especially their biogenicity, are often contentious. Some of them (e.g., Aspidella and related forms) are demonstrably biological structures and may represent holdfasts of frondose Ediacara-type organisms. Others may represent fluid escape structures or tool marks produced by the rotation of tethered organisms. Here we show that differential chemical weathering of diagenetic dolomite concretions can also produce annulated discoidal structures that could be mi

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17

Mansur, Lamya, Alan Williams, Keith D. Bartle, and Mark W. Raynor. "CHARACTERIZATION OF THE INITIAL WEATHERING OF PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS BY FTIR SPECTROSCOPY AND SUPERCRITICAL FLUID CHROMATOGRAPHY." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (1989): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-427.

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ABSTRACT Chemical changes resulting from the weathering processes of oils have been investigated on a bench scale weathering apparatus. A multicomponent oil simulating crude oil was developed for this purpose. Hydrocarbon concentrations resulting from evaporation and dissolution were measured using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and interpreted by a computer program (CIRCOM), which uses the method of principal components regression for multicomponent quantitative analysis. This method could be fast and accurate for quantitative assessments of changes in chemical and physical pr

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18

Awad, Sameer A., and Eman M. Khalaf. "Evaluation of the photostabilizing efficiency of polyvinyl alcohol–zinc chloride composites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 1 (2018): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718804585.

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Accelerated weathering of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and PVA reinforced with 20 wt% of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) was investigated. The developed PVA composites were subjected to 100, 200, and 300 h of accelerated weathering exposure times. The effects of exposure on the PVA composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermal properties as thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, the mechanical and morphology properties, and X-ray diffraction analysis. The results of FTIR displayed that lower carbonyl and hydroxyl indexes are due to PVA composite. The r

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19

Awad, Sameer A., Christopher M. Fellows, and Seyed S. Mahini. "Evaluation of bisphenol A-based epoxy resin containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes to improve resistance to degradation." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 21 (2018): 2981–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998318816784.

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The influence of exposure to UV light and moisture on the durability of a multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWCNT)/epoxy nanocomposite was investigated. Samples of epoxy resin based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) cured with 2,2,4-trimethylene-1,6-hexadiamine (TMDA), and epoxy nanocomposite containing 0.5% MWCNT were exposed to different accelerated weathering times between one and six months. Changes in surface chemistry, mechanical properties (tensile tests), thermal properties (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry), and morphology were evaluated before and a

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20

Admassu, Yonathan, Abdul Shakoor, and Neil A. Wells. "Evaluating selected factors affecting the depth of undercutting in rocks subject to differential weathering." Engineering Geology 124 (January 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2011.09.007.

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21

Martínez-Martínez, Javier, Anna Arizzi, and David Benavente. "The Role of Calcite Dissolution and Halite Thermal Expansion as Secondary Salt Weathering Mechanisms of Calcite-Bearing Rocks in Marine Environments." Minerals 11, no. 8 (2021): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11080911.

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This research focuses on the analysis of the influence of two secondary salt weathering processes on the durability of rocks exposed to marine environments: chemical dissolution of rock forming minerals and differential thermal expansion between halite and the hosting rock. These processes are scarcely treated in research compared to salt crystallisation. The methodology followed in this paper includes both in situ rock weathering monitoring and laboratory simulations. Four different calcite-bearing rocks (a marble, a microcrystalline limestone and two different calcarenites) were exposed duri

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22

Nguyen, Khoi Van, Tung Thanh Nguyen, Duc Trung Nguyen, and Ha Thi Thu Pham. "EFFECT OF CaCO3 FILLER ON THE DEGRADATION OF HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) FILM CONTAINING PROOXIDANTS." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 56, no. 3B (2018): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/56/3b/12770.

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The aim of this work is investigation of effect of CaCO3 filler on the degradation of high density polyethylene (HDPE) films containing stearate salts as prooxidant additves. The films with thickness of 30 µm were prepared by adding 0.3 % (w/w) prooxidant additives mixture (manganese (II) stearate/feric stearate/cobalt (II) stearate ratio of 18:4:1) and CaCO3 filler from 5 to 20 % (w/w) in HDPE resins using twin screw extruder. The films were carried out accelerated weathering treatment according to ASTM G154 standard (340 nm UV lamp, 8 hours UV, 4 hours condensation at 50 0C) for maximum dura

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23

ADMASSU, YONATHAN, and ABDUL SHAKOOR. "Cut Slope Design for Stratigraphic Sequences Subject to Differential Weathering: A Case Study from Ohio." Environmental & Engineering Geoscience 21, no. 4 (2015): 311–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.21.4.311.

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24

Pye, K., A. S. Goudie, and A. Watson. "Petrological influence on differential weathering and inselberg development in the Kora area of central Kenya." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 11, no. 1 (1986): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290110106.

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25

Putra, Andius D., Masaya Takahashi, and Mamoru Kikumoto. "Weathering-induced deformation of crushed weak rocks and its countermeasure." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 09003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199209003.

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Geotechnical issues such as differential settlements have been reported usually in embankments made of materials derived from weak rocks such as mudstones, siltstones, and shales. The primary cause of the issue is a gradual weakening due to weathering. Crushed weak rocks tend to turn into smaller particles under repeated wetting and drying processes. This phenomenon is a mechanical-hydraulic process known as “slaking”. The present paper discusses the deformation of crushed weak rocks due to slaking and its countermeasure. We performed a series of one-dimensional slaking tests on several weak r

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26

Slack, Richard D., Daniel A. Ebrom, John A. McDonald, and Robert H. Tatham. "Thin layers and shear‐wave splitting." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 10 (1993): 1468–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443361.

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The near‐surface weathering layer is considered by many to be strongly anisotropic. Any shear‐wave signal passing through this low‐velocity layer will inherit, to some degree, the anisotropic response of this layer. For thin weathering layers, information about previous anisotropic events may be distorted; when the thickness of this layer approaches some physically defined limit, however, a previous layer’s anisotropic signature is completely overwritten. Hodograms and Alford rotations are typically used to analyze shear‐wave splitting in the presence of azimuthal anisotropy. When the time‐del

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27

Löhr, S. C., M. Grigorescu, and M. E. Cox. "Iron nodules in ferric soils of the Fraser Coast, Australia: relicts of laterisation or features of contemporary weathering and pedogenesis?" Soil Research 51, no. 2 (2013): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr12372.

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The genesis of ferruginous nodules and pisoliths in soils and weathering profiles of coastal southern and eastern Australia has long been debated. It is not clear whether iron (Fe) nodules are redox accumulations, residues of Miocene laterite duricrust, or the products of contemporary weathering of Fe-rich sedimentary rocks. This study combines a catchment-wide survey of Fe nodule distribution in Poona Creek catchment (Fraser Coast, Queensland) with detailed investigations of a representative ferric soil profile to show that Fe nodules are derived from Fe-rich sandstones. Where these crop out,

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28

Dubey, P. N., B. P. Bhaskar, P. Chandran, B. Singh, and B. K. Mishra. "Geochemistry of some ferruginous soils of Kerala, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 1 (2016): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i1.773.

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The four representative ferruginous soils on lateritic cover developed over Precambrian rocks in parts of Kottayam of Kerala were studied to understand the weathering pattern and genesis through geochemistry. These soils are strongly to moderately acidic, reddish brown with low Cation exchange capacity CEC and base saturation having SiO2 - 33 to 57%, Al2O3 - 16-31%, Fe2O3 - 8 to 15% and TiO2 -0.7 to 1.4%. Kanjirapalli (P3) and Athirampuzha (P4) soil series were more intensely weathered as compared to the Kinalur (P1) and Chingavanam series (P2) with silica to alumina -iron ratio less than 2 an

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29

Das, Biswa Ranjan, Dasaradhan Bharathi, Deepak Kumar Yadav, Manoj Kumar Singh, Thako Hari Goswami, and Namburi Eswara Prasad. "DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALTY COATED FABRICS FOR CANOPY OF INFLATABLE MILITARY TENT (IMT) FOR FOREST AREA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 2 (2021): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i2.2021.3387.

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The principal objectives of this present work were to develop novel coated fabrics in olive green (OG) colour to serve as canopy for inflatable military tent (IMT) for forest area. Two varieties of coated fabrics were developed by coating of specific grade aliphatic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) on Nylon fabrics and one more with coating of plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on Polyester fabric. The construction parameters and properties of the substrate basic fabrics used for coating were evaluated and reported. The various functional parameters such as breaking strength and elongation%,

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30

Jiménez-Espinosa, Rosario, Mercedes Vázquez, and Juan Jiménez-Millán. "Differential weathering of granitic stocks and landscape effects in a Mediterranean climate, Southern Iberian Massif (Spain)." CATENA 70, no. 2 (2007): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2006.09.001.

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31

Nagel, Norbert, Hans Bock, and Peter Eller. "Dimorphism and inclusion compounds of N,N′-di(benzenesulfonyl)-p-phenylenediamine." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 56, no. 2 (2000): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768199005790.

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Crystal structures of a new polymorph of N,N′-(p-phenylene)bis(benzenesulfonamide) (C18H16N2O4S2) and of two inclusion compounds with acetone [(CH3)2CO] and dimethylsulfoxide [2(CH3)2SO], respectively, have been determined at 150 K. For a more reliable comparison, the structure of the already known polymorph of N,N′-di(benzenesulfonyl)-p-phenylenediamine has been redetermined under identical conditions. In addition, the phase transformation behavior has been examined by differential scanning calorimetry and the crystallization conditions of both polymorphs including their formation by weatheri

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32

Sam, S. T., H. Ismail, and H. P. S. Abdul Khalil. "Degradation of epoxidized natural rubber compatibilized linear low density polyethylene/ soya powder blends: the effect of natural weathering." Journal of Polymer Engineering 33, no. 7 (2013): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2013-0002.

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Abstract In the present study, linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/soya powder blends were compatibilized with epoxidized natural rubber (ENR 50) and exposed to natural weathering. The exposure period for the blends was 1 year. It was found that the degradability of the compatibilized blends was higher than that of uncompatibilized blends. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, the tensile test, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to analyze the degradability of the blends. IR spectra showed that the carbonyl index (CI) of the bl

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Gao, Shan, Wen-Bin Zhang, Xia-Fang Sheng, Lin-Yan He, and Zhi Huang. "Chitinophaga longshanensis sp. nov., a mineral-weathering bacterium isolated from weathered rock." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 65, Pt_2 (2015): 418–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.067249-0.

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A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain, Z29T, was isolated from the surface of weathered rock (potassic trachyte) from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested that strain Z29T belongs to the genus Chitinophaga in the family Chitinophagaceae . Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain Z29T and the type strains of recognized species of the genus Chitinophaga ranged from 92.7 to 98.2 %. The main fatty acids of strain Z29T were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1ω5c

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34

Zhang, Ke, Peng Tan, Guowei Ma, and Ping Cao. "Modeling of the progressive failure of an overhang slope subject to differential weathering in Three Gorges Reservoir, China." Landslides 13, no. 5 (2015): 1303–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-015-0672-4.

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35

Fisk, Shera, Francesco Berna, Deborah C. Merrett, and Hugo F. V. Cardoso. "Post-mortem gross composition changes and differential weathering of immature and mature bone in an experimental burial environment." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 26 (August 2019): 101904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.101904.

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36

Dahanayake, K., and S. M. N. D. Subasinghe. "Variable mineralogy and solubility of a terrestrial phosphorite resulting from differential weathering phenomena — an example from Sri Lanka." Chemical Geology 84, no. 1-4 (1990): 42–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(90)90159-5.

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37

Zdraveva, Emilija, Budimir Mijovic, Emi Govorcin Bajsic, and Vedrana Grozdanic. "The efficacy of electrospun polyurethane fibers with TiO2 in a real time weathering condition." Textile Research Journal 88, no. 21 (2017): 2445–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517517723025.

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This study focuses on the behavior of electrospun polyurethane fibers filled with nano, micro spheres and nanotube TiO2, thus nTiO2, mTiO2 or TiNT, under real time ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Analyses were conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques. Significant changes of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) + 0.5% nTiO2 and TPU + 0.5% mTiO2 fibers morphology, that is, agglomerated TiO2 particles, were observed on material surfac

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38

Tasaki, Ryo, and Akihiro Ogawa. "Two-Component Model for Crude Oil Evaporation and its Application to Weathering Prediction." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (1999): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-271.

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ABSTRACT The model approximates a crude oil as a mixture of an evaporating and non-evaporating component of which the physico-chemical properties are calculated by their composing fractions. The ordinary differential equation with separated variables derived from the model yields a concept of the evaporation time constant TQ that is defined by the initial oil properties and thickness, and the ambient temperature and wind speed. The evaporation ratios Q measured in flume tests on six types of Middle East crude oils are analyzed for the elapsed time non-dimensionalized by TQ. The measured values

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39

Vu, Thevu, Peyman Nikaeen, William Chirdon, Ahmed Khattab, and Dilip Depan. "Improved Weathering Performance of Poly(Lactic Acid) through Carbon Nanotubes Addition: Thermal, Microstructural, and Nanomechanical Analyses." Biomimetics 5, no. 4 (2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics5040061.

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To understand the interrelationship between the microstructure and degradation behavior of poly(lactic acid) (PLA), single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into PLA as nucleating agents. The degradation behavior of PLA-CNT nanocomposites was examined under accelerated weathering conditions with exposure to UV light, heat, and moisture. The degradation mechanism proceeded via the Norrish type II mechanism of carbonyl polyester. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies showed an increase in glass transition temperature, melting temperature, and crystallinity as a result of t

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40

Ponti, S., M. Pezza, and M. Guglielmin. "The development of Antarctic tafoni: Relations between differential weathering rates and spatial distribution of thermal events, salts concentration and mineralogy." Geomorphology 373 (January 2021): 107475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107475.

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41

Maher, Kate, and Friedhelm von Blanckenburg. "Surface ages and weathering rates from 10Be (meteoric) and 10Be/9Be: Insights from differential mass balance and reactive transport modeling." Chemical Geology 446 (December 2016): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.07.016.

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Al-Salem, S. M., M. H. Behbehani, H. J. Karam, S. F. Al-Rowaih, and F. M. Asiri. "On the Kinetics of Degradation Reaction Determined Post Accelerated Weathering of Polyolefin Plastic Waste Blends." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (2019): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030395.

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Polyolefin (PO) polymers constitute the majority of consumer plastic commodities. The reliance on such materials make it near imposable to avoid touching one in any given day. Therefore, the accumulation of plastic solid waste (PSW) in developed and developing societies alike requires immediate attention to manage and valorize this type of waste. In this work, PSW originating from real life sources and virgin linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) films were compounded in a mechanical recycling effort. The recycled blends constituted up to 100% (by weight) of the waste material. Accelerated w

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Yin, Ke, Hanlie Hong, Gordon Jock Churchman, Zhaohui Li, Wen Han, and Chaowen Wang. "Characterisation of the hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite from the weathering of illite in Jiujiang red earth sediments." Soil Research 52, no. 6 (2014): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14014.

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The clay mineralogy and formation of hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) in the Jiujiang red earth sediments were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) analyses. The 1.4-nm peak of HIV did not change after Mg2+ saturation and glycol solvation, but it exhibited partial collapse to 1.0 nm after K+ saturation followed by heat treatment at successively higher temperatures. HIV was also characterised by FTIR adsorption bands at ~3485

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Douminge, Ludovic, S. Mallarino, X. Feaugas, and J. Bernard. "Following the First Steps of UV Degradation of High Density Polyethylene by Fluorescence Spectroscopy." Defect and Diffusion Forum 289-292 (April 2009): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.289-292.741.

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Ultraviolet radiation is one of the major factors that affect weathering of polymers. Indeed, diffusion of oxygen containing groups [-C-O, C=O and C(=O)O-] into the molecular chains of polymers is particularly enhanced by UV irradiation in air, thus entailing structural and chemical changes such as polymeric chain breaking, cross-linking and oxidation. The goal of this study is to predict the photo-chemical ageing of polymers upon UV radiation through a non destructive method: fluorescence spectroscopy. In the case of high density polyethylene (HDPE) the addition of fluorophore is required to

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Lee, M. R., P. A. Bland, and G. Graham. "Preparation of TEM samples by focused ion beam (FIB) techniques: applications to the study of clays and phyllosilicates in meteorites." Mineralogical Magazine 67, no. 3 (2003): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461036730119.

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AbstractTransmission electron microscope samples were prepared of ALH 78045 and ALH 88045, two clay-and phyllosilicate-bearing Antarctic meteorites, using argon ion milling and focused ion beam (FIB) techniques. ALH 78045 contains clay- and phyllosilicate-filled veins that have formed by terrestrial weathering of olivine, orthopyroxene and metal. Very narrow (∼10 nm) intragranular clay-filled veins could be observed in the TEM samples prepared by argon ion milling, whereas differential thinning and lack of precision in the location of the electron-transparent areas hindered the study of wider

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Yang, Guo Xiang, Jin Yu Dong, Fa Quan Wu, Dong Wang, and Ji Hong Yang. "Study on High Cutting Slopes with Horizontal Soft-Hard Strata in Three Gorges Reservoir Area." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 2595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.2595.

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High cutting slopes with nearly horizontal soft-hard alternant strata are widely distributed in three gorges reservoir area, the soft and hard rocks are mainly mud stone and sandstone of Jurassic system. Sliding failure of this kind of slope is also the main geo-hazards in this area. Firstly, this paper analyzed the impact of topography, water as well as the differential weathering and combination characteristics of soft and hard rocks etc. on the sliding failure of slopes; secondly, sliding failure modes of this kind of slope were classified into four types including circular sliding, sliding

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Tsirambides, Ananias. "Texture and mineralogical composition of Quaternary terrestrial and marine sediments from Macedonia and Thrace, Greece." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 55, no. 1 (2019): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.20628.

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Clastic sediments collected from land and gulfs of Macedonia and Thrace in Greece are examined on the basis of their texture and mineral composition. All terrestrial samples are coarse-grained and poorly sorted, with angular to sub-angular grains. These are mainly composed of quartz and feldspars, followed by micas, calcite and Fe-Mg minerals. Among the clay minerals illite predominates over smectite and smectite over vermiculite (+chlorite+kaolinite). In addition, the interstratified phases illite/smectite, chlorite/vermiculite, and smectite/vermiculite are present in significant amounts in t

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López-Suevos, Francisco, and Charles E. Frazier. "The role of resol fortifiers in latex wood adhesives." Holzforschung 60, no. 5 (2006): 561–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf.2006.093.

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Abstract Static and dynamic rheological analyses using time/temperature equivalence were applied to freestanding poly(vinyl acetate-co-NMA) adhesive films and to wood-bonded films (composites), which were completely dry in all cases. Films and composites were prepared with two types of cross-linking: (1) cross-linking through AlCl3 catalysis of N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) comonomer; and (2) additional cross-linking using a resol phenolic (PF) additive, in addition to AlCl3 catalysis. Rheological experiments revealed that accelerated weathering (AW) significantly modified the mechanical response

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Latos-Brozio, Malgorzata, and Anna Masek. "Biodegradable Polyester Materials Containing Gallates." Polymers 12, no. 3 (2020): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030677.

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Gallates are widely used as antioxidants in the food and cosmetics industries. The purpose of the study was to obtain pro-ecological materials based on biodegradable polyesters, such as polylactide (PLA) and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), and gallates. Gallates (ethyl, propyl, octyl, and lauryl) have not been used so far in biodegradable polymers as stabilizers and indicators of aging. This manuscript examines the properties of gallates such as antioxidant capacity and thermal stability. This paper also presents the following analyses of polymer materials: specific migration of gallates from poly

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Bowden, M. C. B., D. A. Mackay, and N. K. Blood. "A New Survey of Ingleborough Hillfort, North Yorkshire." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 55, no. 1 (1989): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00005454.

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A survey of Ingleborough was undertaken by RCHME in the summer of 1988 at the request of the Yorkshire Dales National Park who are concerned by the considerable erosion and damage occurring on the Peak as a result of the popularity of the Three Peaks footpath. This is affecting not only the natural surface of the hill but also the archaeological remains.The summit of Ingleborough, one of the Three Peaks of the Yorkshire Dales, is a gritstone cap overlying the sandstone, shale and limestone beds of the Yoredale Series which, in turn, overlie the Great Scar Limestone. This formation gives Ingleb

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