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Journal articles on the topic 'Differentiation of consumption expenditure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lisauskaitė, Vaida. "Differentiation of Income and Consumption of the Lithuanian Population." Business: Theory and Practice 11, no. (3) (2010): 266–78. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2010.29.

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The article discusses the current disparities as regards the standard of living of the Lithuanian population by analysing changes in the structure and differentiation of income and consumption expenditure. This article claims that the overall economic growth of the country evaluated according to such indicators as the growth of GDP and GDP per capita, is still unable to ensure the welfare, quality of life and increase of life satisfaction among the population. With regard to evaluation of the changes in the welfare of the population, it is appropriate to consider distribution of income and con

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Morteza Alibeigi. "Analyzing the Dimensions and Components of the Effects of Government Military Expenditures on Iran's Business Cycles." Power System Technology 48, no. 2 (2024): 2092–118. https://doi.org/10.52783/pst.779.

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The current research has investigated the effects of the government's military expenditures on Iran's business cycles within the framework of a DSGE model in the period from 1370 to 1400. The DSGE model has been performed in three scenarios. In the first scenario, there is no differentiation in government expenditures and a standard DSGE model is estimated. In the second scenario, government expenditures are separated into military and civilian expenditures, and in the third scenario, a war shock is included in the model. According to the results of the final logarithm of the Laplace approxima

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Kubicová, Ľubica, Zdenka Kádeková, Ľudmila Nagyová, and Jana Stávková. "The Income situation of the private households and its impact on the food consumption in the Slovak Republic." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 59, no. 7 (2011): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201159070217.

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Accession of the Slovak Republic to the EU in 2004 opened up the new opportunities not only in the formation of incomes but also in changes of consumer habits of the population in Slovakia. The basis for these changes were given before 1989, since when it has been possible to monitor realization of reforms. After 1989 have been observed the changes in the evolution of the household income and expenditure structure. The analysis confirms the significant differences and unbalanced right-inclined distribution of income. Households in the fourth income quartile had 2.8 times higher incomes than fa

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Kowalska, Agnieszka. "Differences in the Level and Structure of Consumption of Polish Households from 2010-2019." Olsztyn Economic Journal 15, no. 4 (2020): 313–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.6854.

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This article aims to assess the level and structure of household consumption and its social differentiation in the years 2010–2019 in terms of disposable income and consumption expenditure. The data on household budgets were sourced from Statistics Poland. The analysis revealed clear differences in the level and structure of household consumption observed over a ten year period. The share of expenditure on food, healthcare, as well as transport and communications is growing, while the share of expenditure on housing, clothing and shoes is decreasing. Meanwhile, the level of these changes varie

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Scheers, Tineke, Renaat Philippaerts, Leen Van Langendonck, et al. "Lipid profile in men and women with different levels of sports participation and physical activity." Public Health Nutrition 11, no. 11 (2008): 1098–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007001425.

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AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to analyse the lipid profile in men and women differentiated according to energy expenditure during sports participation (EESPORT), energy expenditure during active leisure time (EEALT) and overall energy expenditure (EETOTAL).DesignThe subjects were grouped by sex, age, EESPORT, EEALT and EETOTAL. Group differences were analysed using analyses of covariance with BMI and alcohol consumption as covariates.SettingPhysical activity was assessed using the Flemish Physical Activity Computerised Questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were taken to

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Maciejewski, Grzegorz. "The food expenditure in Poland and other European Union countries – a comparative analysis." Olsztyn Economic Journal 14, no. 2 (2019): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3970.

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The purpose of this paper is to present the results and conclusions of a comparative analysis of Poland and other European Union countries regarding the level of food expenditure, the share of food expenditure in the structure of total expenditure and the direction of changes in these areas that took place in the years 2006-2016. The conducted analysis employed the desk research method using logical inference methods, based on Eurostat data and academic literature. For a more detailed analysis of the research findings, a cluster analysis was carried out using one of the hierarchical meth

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LAGODIIENKO, Nataliya, Vitaliy KOZYOMA, and Iryna KRUPITSA. "ASSESSMENT OF SOCIAL EFFICIENCY OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION." Ukrainian Journal of Applied Economics 4, no. 3 (2019): 330–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2415-8453-2019-3-37.

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Introduction. Sustainable development of agricultural production in Ukraine involves taking into account social, economic and environmental aspects, which is implemented in many specific directions and measures. The purpose of the study is to assess the social effectiveness of sustainable development of agricultural production in the conditions of the national economy openness. Results. The dynamic of the share of Ukrainian households expenditures on food, non-alcoholic and alcoholic beverages, and tobacco products in the structure of their total expenditures is analyzed. The expenditure share

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Kuznetsov, K. V. "Monitoring of The Consumption Level for Sustainable Development Goals." Statistics and Economics 19, no. 1 (2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2500-3925-2022-1-18-27.

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The indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals (hereinafter referred to as the SDGs) were developed by the UN members and are aimed at the sustainable development of countries in the field of social policy, ecology and ensuring the well-being of the population. Sustainable Development Goals in the field of social policy can be considered necessary for survival. Country indicators are calculated by statistical agencies in accordance with methodologies developed by the SDGs curator agencies. The Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) in accordance with the Federal Statistical Plan calcu

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Jankiewicz, Mateusz. "Cultural Differences and the Consumption Structure in the European Union Countries." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 5, no. 344 (2019): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.344.07.

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The aim of the paper is to study the cultural differentiation in the European Union countries and compare it with the differentiation in their consumption spending. The question is whether similar countries in terms of culture have similar final consumption expenditures and consumption structures. Culture in this research is characterised by six Hofstede dimensions – power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation and indulgence vs. restraint. The consumption structure is characterised by share of durable goods, semi‑dura

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Zhao, Jiaqi, Ailin Zhou, and Wei Qi. "The Potential to Fight Obesity with Adipogenesis Modulating Compounds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 4 (2022): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23042299.

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Obesity is an increasingly severe public health problem, which brings huge social and economic burdens. Increased body adiposity in obesity is not only tightly associated with type 2 diabetes, but also significantly increases the risks of other chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver diseases and cancers. Adipogenesis describes the process of the differentiation and maturation of adipocytes, which accumulate in distributed adipose tissue at various sites in the body. The major functions of white adipocytes are to store energy as fat during periods when energy intake exc

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Lee, Da-Hye, Jiyun Ahn, Young-Jin Jang, et al. "Withania somnifera Extract Enhances Energy Expenditure via Improving Mitochondrial Function in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (2020): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020431.

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Withania somnifera (WS), commonly known as ashwagandha, possesses diverse biological functions. WS root has mainly been used as an herbal medicine to treat anxiety and was recently reported to have an anti-obesity effect, however, the mechanisms underlying its action remain to be explored. We hypothesized that WS exerts its anti-obesity effect by enhancing energy expenditure through improving the mitochondrial function of brown/beige adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 0.25% or 0.5% WS 70% ethanol extract (WSE) for 10 weeks. WSE (0.5%) s

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Matsuo, Flávia Sayuri, Paulo Henrique Cavalcanti de Araújo, Ryerson Fonseca Mota, et al. "RANKL induces beige adipocyte differentiation in preadipocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 318, no. 6 (2020): E866—E877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00397.2019.

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The receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) (RANK), its ligand (RANKL), and the decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) are a triad of proteins that regulate bone metabolism, and serum OPG is considered a biomarker for cardiovascular diseases and Type 2 diabetes; however, the implications of OPG in adipose tissue metabolism remains elusive. In this study, we investigate RANK-RANKL-OPG signaling in white adipose tissue browning. Histological analysis of osteoprotegerin knockout (OPG−/−) mice showed subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) browning, resistance for high-fat diet-induced weig

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Kichurchak, Marianna. "INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AS A FACTOR OF FORMING CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES: EXPERIENCE OF THE STRUCTURAL TRANSFORMATION FOR UKRAINE." Financial and credit activity problems of theory and practice 1, no. 48 (2023): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.55643/fcaptp.1.48.2023.3934.

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The purpose is to identify the key regularities of the information and communication technology sector (ICTS) development in the context of forming creative types of economic activity in the EU countries for the implementation of the European experience in Ukrainian practice of the structural modernization of the economy. Scientific methods of induction and deduction, synthesis and comparison, statistical estimation of variation features, and multiple regression analysis are used. The following scientific and methodological approach to evaluating the ICTS development in the EU countries was wo

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Kozyreva, P. M., Di Zhu, A. E. Nizamova, and A. I. Smirnov. "Justice and inequality in the household consumption in Russia and China: A comparative analysis." RUDN Journal of Sociology 21, no. 1 (2021): 50–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2021-21-1-50-67.

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The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the household consumption in Russia and China on the basis of the reputable empirical information sources. The article focuses on the main trends and peculiarities in how households from each country differed in terms of the structure and level of consumption under dramatic transformations associated with market reforms. Inequality in consumption in Russia and China, which can be characterized as high or excessive, largely determines the overall situation with social inequality and significantly influences the development of state social policy i

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Kagiyan, A. V. "Interregional comparison of some living standard indicators (by the example of the steppe regions of the European part of Russia)." Nauka Innovatsii Tekhnologii, no. 4 (2024): 29–44. https://doi.org/10.37493/2308-4758.2024.4.2.

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The current state of the population income is characterized by high polarization, resulting in growing problems in the social sphere, which can lead to instability and unrest in society. In this regard, the state pays special attention to the growth of the population well-being: the growth of the standard and quality of life, as well as the population income, are defined as strategically important areas for the development of our state. By the level of differentiation of the structure of consumer spending, we can talk about the degree of development of individual territories, and, accordingly,

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Xiao, Zhenquan, Polat Muhtar, Wenxiu Huo, Chaogao An, Ling Yang, and Fengrong Zhang. "Spatial and Temporal Differentiation of the Tourism Water Footprint in Mainland China and Its Influencing Factors." Sustainability 13, no. 18 (2021): 10396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810396.

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While tourism generates economic benefits at destinations, it also creates certain environmental pressures. In the global context of water scarcity, the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of water consumption at tourism destinations have become a focus of attention. Based on panel data, the present study calculates the change trends in China’s tourism water footprint (TWF) in the 2013–2018 period using input-output analysis, analyses the regional differences in TWF changes using kernel density estimation and the Theil index, and investigates the driving factors of the spatial

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BROYAKA, Antonina. "INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON CONSUMER DEMAND FORMATION." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 6 (46) (June 2019): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-6-3.

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The article is devoted to the study of modern approaches to the formation of consumer demand. The classification of the types of various factors influencing the consumer's behavior and deciding on the purchase of a product or service has been made, on the basis of which the types of consumption are distinguished. Given the advent of the era of consumerism, the attention is paid to the network effects, in particular the Bandwagon effect and the Snob effect. Their influence on the consumer from the point of view of economic theory is considered and the result of their influence on the consumer d

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Dementieva, I. N. "Consumption of Material Goods and Services: Regional Characteristics and Trends." World of Economics and Management 24, no. 1 (2024): 44–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2024-24-1-44-70.

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Consumption of material goods and services is a sphere of economic relations that is aimed at satisfying the material, spiritual and intellectual needs of people. Consumption is the most important stage of the reproduction process. characterizes the level and quality of life of the population, reflects the effectiveness of the state’s socio-economic policy. In recent years, against the backdrop of changing socio-economic conditions, the study of patterns, features and trends in the consumption of material goods and services is a fairly relevant and sought-after area of research. This article a

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Shrivastav, Shashi, Liyan Zhang, Koji Okamoto та ін. "HIV-1 Vpr Enhances PPARβ/δ-Mediated Transcription, Increases PDK4 Expression, and Reduces PDC Activity". Molecular Endocrinology 27, № 9 (2013): 1564–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2012-1370.

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HIV infection and its therapy are associated with disorders of lipid metabolism and bioenergetics. Previous work has suggested that viral protein R (Vpr) may contribute to the development of lipodystrophy and insulin resistance observed in HIV-1–infected patients. In adipocytes, Vpr suppresses mRNA expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activating receptor-γ (PPARγ)-responsive genes and inhibits differentiation. We investigated whether Vpr might interact with PPARβ/δ and influence its transcriptional activity. In the presence of PPARβ/δ, Vpr induced a 3.3-fold increase in PPAR response element

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Guijas, Carlos, Andrew To, J. Rafael Montenegro-Burke, et al. "Drug-Initiated Activity Metabolomics Identifies Myristoylglycine as a Potent Endogenous Metabolite for Human Brown Fat Differentiation." Metabolites 12, no. 8 (2022): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080749.

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Worldwide, obesity rates have doubled since the 1980s and in the USA alone, almost 40% of adults are obese, which is closely associated with a myriad of metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Obesity is derived from an imbalance between energy intake and consumption, therefore balancing energy homeostasis is an attractive target for metabolic diseases. One therapeutic approach consists of increasing the number of brown-like adipocytes in the white adipose tissue (WAT). Whereas WAT stores excess energy, brown adipose tissue (BAT) can dissipate this energy overload in t

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Dementieva, Irina N. "FOOD WELFARE OF REGIONAL RESIDENTS IN THE CONTEXT OF FOOD SECURITY." Society and Security Insights 6, no. 2 (2023): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/ssi(2023)2-07.

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The most important component of the socio-economic development of each region is food security, which is one of the main directions for ensuring state security in the long term, a factor in maintaining national sovereignty. This article explores the main economic determinants of the food well-being of the population of the Vologda Oblast in the context of ensuring the food security of the region. The features of the structure of consumer expenditures of households in the Vologda Oblast are analyzed; studied the level and dynamics of consumption of food products by the inhabitants of the region

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Jang, Sojeong, Jaerin Lee, Mak-soon Lee, Yunji Lee, Youjin Jeong, and Yangha Kim. "Polyphenol Enriched Chrysanthemum morifolium Extract Increase Energy Expenditure and Decrease Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Rats Fed a High Fat Diet." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac053.033.

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Abstract Objectives This study aimed to examine the improvement effects of polyphenol enriched Chrysanthemum morifolium extract (CE) on energy expenditure and hepatic lipid accumulation in rats fed a high-fat diet. Methods The polyphenols identified in CE were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Each group fed a normal diet (NOR), 45% high-fat diet (HF), or HF supplemented with 0.2% CE (CEL), or HF supplemented with 0.4% CE (CEH) for 13 weeks. Results Polyphenolic compounds of CE were confirmed that

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Ковтун, В. С., А. Н. Павлов, Б. В. Соколов, Д. А. Павлов, and В. Н. Воротягин. "Methodology for the operational assessment of the intensity and uniformity of the expenditure of resources onboard systems of automatic spacecrafts." Вестник НПО им. С.А. Лавочкина, no. 4(50) (December 11, 2020): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26162/ls.2020.50.4.009.

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Определяющим условием выполнения программы полёта автоматического космического аппарата (АКА) является его ресурсное обеспечение (Ковтун В.С. Постановка задачи…, 2017; Ярмолик В.Н., Вашинко Ю.Г., 2011; Ковтун В.С., 2009). В качестве инструмента для исследования и оценки интенсивности и равномерности расходования ресурсов бортовых систем используется метод дифференцирования взвешенного гиперграфа (Алешин Е.Н., Зиновьев С.В., Копкин Е.В., Осипенко С.А. и др., 2018), вершинам которого сопоставляются основные бортовые системы АКА и их «взвешенные ресурсы», а рёбрам соотносятся альтернативные детал

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МАКСИМОВА-КУЛИЕВА, Е. А. "EXCHANGE PHASE IN THE REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS." Экономика и предпринимательство, no. 8(169) (August 30, 2024): 1425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.34925/eip.2024.169.8.265.

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В статье исследована категория обмена. Приведены разносторонние мне ия относительно воспроизводства и функционирования товарного обмена в нем. Актуальным выглядит значимость фаз в условиях импортозамещения. Доказано, что товарный обмен большей частью представлен расходами на конечное потребление, где роль домашних хозяйств существенна. Показана дифференциация в потреблении на покупку продуктов питания и автомобилей. The article explores the category of exchange. Various opinions are given regarding the reproduction and functioning of commodity exchange in it. The importance of the phases in th

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Байкова, Эльвира Рафаэлевна, and Розалия Радмировна Шарафуллина. "Problem of Income Inequality of the Russian Population." Экономика и управление: научно-практический журнал, no. 1(157) (February 24, 2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34773/eu.2021.1.4.

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В статье рассматривается проблема дифференциации доходов населения, экономического неравенства. Отражены основные показатели оценки неравенства доходов: коэффициент Джини, уровень денежных доходов населения России, уровень расходов на конечное потребление. Выявлены направления перераспределения доходов в условиях пандемии. Подчеркивается отсутствие взаимосвязи между экономическим ростом и усилением дифференциации доходов. Отмечается необходимость комплексного изучения проблемы экономического неравенства. The article deals with the problem of income differentiation and economic inequality. The

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Regnier, Shane M., Andrew G. Kirkley, Honggang Ye, et al. "Dietary Exposure to the Endocrine Disruptor Tolylfluanid Promotes Global Metabolic Dysfunction in Male Mice." Endocrinology 156, no. 3 (2015): 896–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2014-1668.

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Abstract Environmental endocrine disruptors are implicated as putative contributors to the burgeoning metabolic disease epidemic. Tolylfluanid (TF) is a commonly detected fungicide in Europe, and previous in vitro and ex vivo work has identified it as a potent endocrine disruptor with the capacity to promote adipocyte differentiation and induce adipocytic insulin resistance, effects likely resulting from activation of glucocorticoid receptor signaling. The present study extends these findings to an in vivo mouse model of dietary TF exposure. After 12 weeks of consumption of a normal chow diet

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Goo, Brandee, Samah Ahmadieh, Abdalrahman Zarzour, et al. "Sex-Dependent Role of Adipose Tissue HDAC9 in Diet-Induced Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction." Cells 11, no. 17 (2022): 2698. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11172698.

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Obesity is a major risk factor for both metabolic and cardiovascular disease. We reported that, in obese male mice, histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) is upregulated in adipose tissues, and global deletion of HDAC9 protected against high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and metabolic disease. Here, we investigated the impact of adipocyte-specific HDAC9 gene deletion on diet-induced obesity in male and female mice. The HDAC9 gene expression was increased in adipose tissues of obese male and female mice and HDAC9 expression correlated positively with body mass index in humans. Interestingly, female, bu

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Shen, Guanwang, Die Liu, Haoran Xu, et al. "A Study on the Effect of Energy on the Development of Silkworm Embryos Using an Estrogen-Related Receptor." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914485.

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Energy metabolism is a fundamental process in all organisms. During silkworm (Bombyx mori) embryonic development, there is a high demand for energy due to continuous cell proliferation and differentiation. Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are transcriptional regulatory factors that play crucial roles in mammalian energy storage and expenditure. Although most insects have one ERR gene, it also participates in the regulation of energy metabolism, including carbohydrate metabolism in Drosophila, Aphid, and Silkworm. However, no study has reported the direct impact of energy metabolism on embryon

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Zou, Qiuyu, Jianwei Sun, Jing Luo, Jiaxing Cui, and Xuesong Kong. "Spatial Patterns of Key Villages and Towns of Rural Tourism in China and Their Influencing Factors." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (2023): 13330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813330.

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This study takes 1597 key villages and towns part of rural tourism in China as research objects and uses the ArcGIS spatial analysis method, combined with the geodetector and the multiscale geographically weighted regression model, to analyze the intensity and spatial differentiation of factors influencing the spatial distribution of these villages and towns. (1) The key villages and towns of rural tourism exhibit clustering distribution patterns with more locations in the east than in the west. The center of gravity of this distribution shifts to the northwest, displaying a “belt–point” trend

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Kubicová, Ľubica, and Zuzana Lušňáková. "Consumer foodstuffs demand and income standard development in the households of Slovakia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 58, no. 3 (2010): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201058030099.

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The present social and economic conditions in Slovakia participate to the behaviour differentiation of individual households on the consumer market. It is possible to speak about changes both in the positive and negative sense of word. The positive impact can be observed in the inter-annual increase of the population revenues especially in the years 2006 and 2007 (by 13.86 % and 12.05 %) in connection with greater possibilities of the employment growth and employment on the work market of the EU member countries. The negative manifestations can be seen within the low income household groups

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Cain, Corey J., Joel T. Valencia, Samantha Ho, et al. "Increased Gs Signaling in Osteoblasts Reduces Bone Marrow and Whole-Body Adiposity in Male Mice." Endocrinology 157, no. 4 (2016): 1481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2015-1867.

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Abstract Bone is increasingly recognized as an endocrine organ that can regulate systemic hormones and metabolism through secreted factors. Although bone loss and increased adiposity appear to be linked clinically, whether conditions of increased bone formation can also change systemic metabolism remains unclear. In this study, we examined how increased osteogenesis affects metabolism by using an engineered G protein-coupled receptor, Rs1, to activate Gs signaling in osteoblastic cells in ColI(2.3)+/Rs1+ transgenic mice. We previously showed that these mice have dramatically increased bone for

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Hecht, Vivian C., Lucas B. Sullivan, Robert J. Kimmerling, et al. "Biophysical changes reduce energetic demand in growth factor–deprived lymphocytes." Journal of Cell Biology 212, no. 4 (2016): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201506118.

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Cytokine regulation of lymphocyte growth and proliferation is essential for matching nutrient consumption with cell state. Here, we examine how cellular biophysical changes that occur immediately after growth factor depletion promote adaptation to reduced nutrient uptake. After growth factor withdrawal, nutrient uptake decreases, leading to apoptosis. Bcl-xL expression prevents cell death, with autophagy facilitating long-term cell survival. However, autophagy induction is slow relative to the reduction of nutrient uptake, suggesting that cells must engage additional adaptive mechanisms to res

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Střílková, Regína, and Jan Široký. "Changes in the VAT Burden on Expenses of Selected Households in the Czech Republic (2007–2014)." DANUBE: Law and Economics Review 6, no. 3 (2015): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/danb-2015-0012.

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Abstract The Czech Republic is a typical representative EU Member State which has several times changed VAT rates during the analyzed period 2007–2014 in an effort to consolidate the public budget. These changes are reflected in household spending, which were analyzed by means of the consumer basket, the composition of which is also undergoing changes. Another factor that has an impact on household expenditures is the transfer of commodities between the reduced and standard rate of VAT. The final factor used is the differentiation of households according to their income levels. The aim of this

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Kuzyshyn, Andrii. "SPATIAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SOCIAL SPHERE: LANDMARKS OF THE POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION OF UKRAINE." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 54, no. 1 (2023): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.23.1.7.

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The proposed study is devoted to determining the features of the spatial differentiation of the social sphere within the territory of Ukraine. The essence, objects, subjects, results of the process of differentiation of the social sphere of Ukraine in the spatial context, as well as the specificity of relations and the nature of the development of the corresponding process in space and time are disclosed. For this, an analysis of income was made as one of the key criteria of the level of formation and functionality of the social sphere. The role of the population's needs as a key motivating el

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Yang, Mingchen, Lei Wang, and Hang Hu. "Analysis of Factors Influencing the Spatial and Temporal Variability of Carbon Intensity in Western China." Sustainability 16, no. 8 (2024): 3364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16083364.

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Understanding the spatio-temporal differentiation of carbon intensity factors is crucial for setting scientific and reasonable carbon emission reduction targets. This study, based on relevant data from the western regions for the years 2010–2019, analyzes the influencing factors of the spatio-temporal distribution differences in carbon intensity in these areas. Additionally, the Grey Forecasting Model was utilized to predict the development trend of average carbon intensity in the western regions. The results indicate the following: (1) The temporal dimension of carbon intensity in the western

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Liu, Ke, Huan Jiang, and Qian Zhou. "Spatial Analysis of Industrial Green Development and Sustainable Cities in the Yellow River Basin." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2021 (May 4, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5529153.

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The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important ecological defense and economic zone in China and occupies a very important position in the economy and society of China. Premise condition of ecological protection and development of high quality in YRB is the greening of the industry. Based on the data of 35 cities in YRB in 2012, 2015, and 2018, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for the industrial green development (IGD) and explores spatial differentiation characteristics of the IGD by the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) method. On this basis, this paper uses the geograph

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Dai, Xiao, Jian Wu, Liang Yan, Qian Zhang, Fangli Ruan, and Dan Wang. "Industrial Structure Restructuring, Production Factor Allocation Analysis: Based on a Mineral Resource-Intensive City—Jiaozuo City." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (2019): 1021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041021.

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The importance of sustainable development of the mineral resources industry is self-evident for the reason of that China’s primary energy consumption structure has not changed. While the development level is not only affected by resource endowment, but also by technology. At this important historical stage—namely, transforming China’s economic growth mode—how to effectively conduct the supply-side reform has a remarkable strategic significance to the national sustainable economic development goal. In general, if we want to seek a sustainable development path for a mineral resource-intensive re

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Rezq, Samar, Alexandra M. Huffman, Maryam Syed, et al. "MicroRNA-21 Modulates White Adipose Tissue Browning and Altered Thermogenesis in a Mouse Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A775—A776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.1577.

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Abstract Background and Aim: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with obesity, and white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) dysregulation. However, the molecular mechanisms that mediate WAT and BAT derangements in PCOS are poorly understood. Subcutaneous (SC) WAT (SC-WAT) can transition to a beige/brite adipose tissue phenotype (browning) under altered thermogenic conditions. MicroRNAs play critical functions in brown adipocyte differentiation and maintenance. We aim to study the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in androgen-mediated browning and beiging derangements in

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Gaysin, R. S., Yu N. Romantseva, and A. E. Ulyankin. "Statistical Analysis of Environmental Protection Expenditures in Russia." Voprosy statistiki 27, no. 1 (2020): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-1-85-96.

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The topical relevance of this study lies in the current state of the environment in Russia. It is assessed as unfavorable, and this fact is recognized both by the scientiﬁc community and at the state level, which determines the need for an integrated study of costs aimed at protecting the environment and improving the ecological situation. One of the article’s objectives was to conduct an appropriate statistical analysis both for Russia as a whole and for selected regions. For that purpose, the volumes, structure, and dynamics of environmental protection expenditures and some factors affecting

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Makar, Svetlana, and Aziza Yarasheva. "Consumer behavior of Russians: opportunities and priorities." Population 25, no. 4 (2022): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/population.2022.25.4.6.

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The article examines the dynamics of changes in the volume of monetary income as a means for life of Russians, including implementation of their consumption priorities. It shows distribution of the population's expenditures on consumption of food and non-food products, alcoholic beverages and payment for services. The analysis is based on government statistics on 20 percent income groups, it covers a four-year period, including two years on the eve of the coronavirus pandemic and two years of its development. In the structure of the use of monetary income of the entire (without breakdown into

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Dressler, Marc. "The German Wine Market: A Comprehensive Strategic and Economic Analysis." Beverages 4, no. 4 (2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040092.

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Even though it is famous for beer, Germany offers one of the most attractive wine markets, exemplified by being the fourth biggest wine consumption market and a world champion in sparkling wine consumption as well as in wine imports. Still, fragmentation, intensive competition, lack of growth, and a changing environment speak to a challenging market for suppliers. In the absence of a comprehensive investigation on the market, this article aspires to deliver an economic and strategic market analysis. The statistical data is therefore complemented by the primary market research, notably online s

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Özdemir, Enver Doruk, Sheetal Dattatraya Marathe, Jan Tomaschek, Audrey Dobbins, and Ludger Eltrop. "Economic and environmental analysis of solar water heater utilisation in Gauteng Province, South Africa." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 23, no. 2 (2012): 2–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2012/v23i2a3157.

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This paper focuses on the energy economics and environmental impacts of solar water heaters (SWH) in the Gauteng Province and compares the results with other technology options for residential water heating with regard to the different income groups. The critical energy situation in South Africa and the highly coal dependent energy generation demonstrates the need to shift to a more sustainable way of living. The residential sector proves to be an optimal starting point to implement new technologies, especially for water heating. The residential hot water demand calculation shows that the annu

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Aguiar, Mark, and Erik Hurst. "Consumption versus Expenditure." Journal of Political Economy 113, no. 5 (2005): 919–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/491590.

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Kayabas, Yunus Emre. "The Relationship between Trade Liberalization, Sea Freight, and Carbon-Dioxide Emissions within the Perspective of EKC: The Case of Mexico." International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy 13, no. 2 (2023): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.14210.

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The main purpose of this research is to investigate the long-term nexus among trade liberalization, sea transportation, economic growth, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions by considering the EKC hypothesis for Mexico from 1980 to 2021. In this context, multiple regression, ADF, PP, FMOLS, Bayer-Hanck co-integration tests are employed in order to examine both the effect of independent variables on dependent variables and the long-run relationship. According to results of multiple regression, FMOLS analysis and Bayer-Hanck co-integration test, trade liberalization, sea transportatio

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Pratama, I. Putu Agi, Ratna Komala Dewi, and Ni Putu Artini. "MAPPING THE CONSUMERS COFFEE POWDER MANGSI COFFEE BASED ON SEGMENTING, TARGETING, AND POSITIONING IN DENPASAR CITY." Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian 5, no. 1 (2021): 102–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/agrisocionomics.v5i1.8378.

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Not all customers can be served by the company. Each company needs to identify marketsegments that can be served effectively by differentiating the main market segments, aiming at one ortwo segments and developing products so that there are always new breakthroughs. A company in orderto excel in competition must be able to recognize its market segment, target and product position againstits competitors. This research aims to determine the segmenting, targeting, and positioning of MangsiCoffee powder. The sampling technique used is the nonprobability sampling method that is accidentialsampling.

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Hao, Yangguang, Zhongwei Shen, Jiexi Ma, Jiawei Li, and Mengqian Yang. "Research on the Spatial Network Connection Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Chengdu–Chongqing Urban Agglomeration from the Perspective of Flow Space." Land 14, no. 1 (2025): 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/land14010120.

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Urban Agglomerations (UAs), as the primary form of China’s new urbanization and an essential spatial unit for promoting coordinated regional development, play a crucial role in measuring the sustainable and healthy development of urban clusters through the assessment of spatial network connections among cities within the UAs. Taking the 16 prefecture-level cities of the Chengdu-Chongqing Urban Agglomeration (CCUA) as the research subject, this study constructs six types of element flow networks, including population flow, logistics, and information flow. Employing network visualization analysi

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Dukhnytskyi, Bohdan. "Efficiency of Ukraine's foreign trade in fruit and berry products." Ekonomika APK 311, no. 9 (2020): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32317/2221-1055.202009095.

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The purpose of the article is to study the main indicators of Ukraine's foreign trade in fruits and berries, compare them with similar data from other countries for a comprehensive assessment the effectiveness in export-import operations, identify disadvantages and prospects for national industry. Research methods. Methods used: theoretical generalization - for characterizing the main aspects of Ukraine's foreign trade in agri-food products, analysis and synthesis - for detailing the commodity structure of domestic fruits and berries’ exports and imports, formation a comprehensive assessment o

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Ichwan, Mohamad, and Patta Tope. "ESSENTIAL COMMODITY CONSUMPTION: A STUDY ON FOOD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF RURAL SOCIETY." AGROLAND The Agricultural Sciences Journal (e-Journal) 7, no. 2 (2021): 116–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/agroland.v7i2.628.

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The primary commodity consumed by people is reflected in the highest expenditure to fulfill it within a specific period, the dominance of expenditure in all consumption expenditures indicates the importance of commodities in all households' consumption. This study aims to identify the dominant consumption patterns of food commodities using descriptive analysis of 6,178 households obtained through national secondary data from the 2017 national socio-economic survey (Susenas). Several commodities categorized by largest to smallest expenditure are the basis for determining the largest consumption

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Fan, Chaozhi, Siong Hook Law, Saifuzzaman Ibrahim, and N. A. M. Naseem. "The New Economic Era Analysis of the Structure System of Chinese Household Consumption Expenditure Based on the ELES Model." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (August 9, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3278194.

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In recent years, the new economy has entered a phase of rapid development and upgrading China’s service consumption is driving the continuous optimization of the population’s consumption structure. To realize the rationalization of the Chinese household consumption structure, the ELES model is used to analyze the structure system of Chinese household consumption expenditure. This article constructs the ELES model, divides the types of Chinese household consumption expenditure structure systems, establishes consumption expenditure function, analyzes the influencing factors of the consumption ex

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Qomariyah, Naufilatul, Sunlip Wibisono, and Rafael Purtomo. "Keragaman Konsumsi Keluarga TKI dan Keluarga Non TKI Desa Curahnongko Kecamatan Tempurejo Kabupaten Jember." e-Journal Ekonomi Bisnis dan Akuntansi 6, no. 1 (2019): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/ejeba.v6i1.11070.

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This study aims to find out how the diversity of family consumption of migrant workers and non migrant workers, and how much influence the remittance to the consumption of family of migrant workers covering consumption of capital expenditure, food consumption, non-food consumption and total consumption. And how much influence the income on the consumption of non-migrant family which includes consumption of capital expenditure, food consumption, non-food consumption, and total consumption. To achieve these objectives used primary data obtained directly from the place of study. The method of ana

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