Relevant bibliographies by topics / Differentiation (Sociology)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Differentiation (Sociology)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Differentiation (Sociology)"

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Fomicheva, T. V. "Measurement of values differentiation in sociology: management aspect." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 14, no. 3 (2015): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2015-14-3-2-80-85.

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Rasborg, Klaus. "Individualisering og social differentiering i den refleksive modernitet." Dansk Sociologi 24, no. 4 (December 15, 2013): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v24i4.4719.

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Ikke kun i klassisk, men også i moderne sociologi spiller begrebet om ”individualisering” en helt central rolle. I nyere sociologi har ikke mindst Ziehe, Beck, Giddens og Bauman gjort individualiseringsbegrebet til et nøglebegreb i deres teorier om sen-, refleksiv og flydende modernitet. Individualiseringssociologiens betoning af frisættelse, valg og social forandring udfordres imidlertid af differentierings- og magtsociologien (Bourdieu, Dean, Rose m.fl.), der i højere grad betoner klasser, magt og social reproduktion. I artiklen søges skismaet mellem forandring og social reproduktion ”overvundet” i form af et forsøg på at tænke individualiseringens differentierede former i den refleksive modernitet. Antagelsen er således, at der – afhængigt af besiddelsen af økonomisk, social og kulturel kapital – er forskel på refleksiv moderne menneskers evne til at håndtere individualiseringens krav, hvilket – med fokus på unge – illustreres med en række empiriske eksempler. Afslutningsvis peges der på muligheden af en teoretisk integration af fundamentale indsigter i såvel individualiserings- som differentieringssociologien. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Klaus Rasborg: Individualization and Social Differentiation in Reflexive Modernity The concept of ”individualization” plays a central role in both classic and modern sociology. In modern sociology writers such as Ziehe, Beck, Giddens and Bauman made the concept of individualization a key concept in their theories of ”late”, ”reflexive” and ”liquid modernity”. However, the emphasis which the sociology of individualization puts on ”liberation”, choice and social change is challenged by the sociology of differentiation and power (Bourdieu, Dean, Rose and others) with its greater emphasis on class, power and social reproduction. This article seeks to ”overcome” this schism between social change and social reproduction in the form of an attempt to think the differentiated forms of individualization in reflexive modernity. The assumption is that there is a differentiation in reflexive modern people’s ability to deal with the requirements of individualization, depending on their possession of economic, social and cultural capital. This is argued by means of a theoretical ”reconstruction” of the insights and deficiencies of the sociology of individualization, and demonstrated – with a focus on young people – by a number of empirical examples. In conclusion, the article discusses the possibility of a theoretical integration of the fundamental insights of both the sociology of individualization and the sociology of differentiation. Key words: Individualization, social differentiation, young people, risk, reflexive habitus.
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Turner, Jonathan H. "American sociology in chaos: Differentiation without integration." American Sociologist 37, no. 2 (June 2006): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12108-006-1002-z.

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Fomicheva, T. V. "Measurement of values differentiation in sociology: management aspect." Social’naya politika i sociologiya 14, no. 3 (2015): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2015-14-3-1-134-139.

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Svinukhova, Yuliya Nikolaevna. "Gender aspect of social differentiation of population in modern Russian society: trends of manifestation and leveling measures." Социодинамика, no. 12 (December 2020): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-7144.2020.12.34528.

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This article examines the gender form of division of labor as one of the vectors of analysis of social stratification of the Russian society. The goal consists in determination of the role and specificity of gender factor in the current level of differentiation, as well as in demonstration of its growing relevance in the current Russian conditions. The subject of this research is gender as a stereotype of perception and a stratification category. The study is based on the methods of systemic analysis, gender approach to the analysis of labor market, theoretical positions and methods accumulated in sectoral and cross-disciplinary field of sociology: sociology of labor, sociology of family, economic sociology, and economic anthropology. The empirical base contains the data of the Federal State Statistics Service. Secondary data analysis is applied. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of gender asymmetry are described. The author highlights the main types and forms of discrimination against women in labor sphere. The article determines and systematizes the key factors of increase in social differentiation of population. The conducted comparative analysis of statistical data demonstrates that in modern world, gender does not lose its importance within the system of differentiating characteristics in the social structure; namely in the Russian Federation, it considerably affects the process of social stratification. The author describes relevant regulatory measures in this area.
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A. Octamaya Tenri Awaru, M. Ridwan Said Ahmad, and Andi Sadriani. "Obstacles to Implementation of Differentiation Learning in Sociology Subjects." Technium Social Sciences Journal 50 (November 1, 2023): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v50i1.9933.

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The implementation of the Merdeka curriculum at SMA Makassar City poses a significant challenge for sociology teachers in implementing differentiated learning. This type of qualitative research with a case study approach was used in this study which focused on the phase of teacher adaptation to an independent curriculum. Teachers from various backgrounds from both public and private schools were the main informants in this study. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, and observations made during the differentiated learning process were applied by teachers. The data obtained is then analyzed through three stages., Validation through source triangulation. The results of the study found that there are at least four main obstacles faced by teachers in their efforts to implement differentiated learning. First, the complexity of the process in differentiated learning causes some teachers to feel overwhelmed in designing and managing learning experiences that fit students' individual needs. Second, limited resources such as diverse teaching materials and different assessment instruments pose a real challenge in providing effective responses to variations in student styles and levels of understanding. Third, it is difficult to ensure active involvement of students in the classroom mainly due to time constraints and students' skills that are still developing. Fourth, teachers' understanding and skills in applying differentiated learning are still lacking The barriers found in this study are real challenges faced by sociology teachers, and indicate the need for more intensive training and support to optimize differentiated approaches in the sociology learning process.
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Parsons, Talcott. "Několik problémů, jimž čelí sociologie jako profese." Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 30, no. 3–4 (May 23, 2009): 201–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2008.5.

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Talcott Parsons wrote this paper as a basis for discussion at the General Session: Analysis of the Sociological Profession organized within the frame of annual meeting of the American Sociological Society in Chicago. He sketched here some of the most urgent problems facing sociological profession. These problems can be broken down into four basic questions. The most central of these concerns the extent to which the canons of scientific objectivity have come to be established as the working code of the profession in dealing with defined intellectual subject matters. The second concerns the present clarity of the differentiation from and relation to neighboring scientific disciplines, so that we can speak with certain definiteness about what, as distinct from other scientists, a sociologist does. The third question concerns the differentiation of sociology as a science from sociological “practice” and its proper relation to applied field. Finally, there is a problem of sociology’s differentiation as a scientific discipline and a relation to the non-scientific aspects of the general culture.
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Barbesino, Paolo, and Salvino A. Salvaggio. "How is a Sociology of sociological Knowledge possible?" Social Science Information 35, no. 2 (June 1996): 341–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/053901896035002010.

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By deconstructing Merton's distinction between the history and systematics of sociological thought, this paper aims first at uncoupling the process of legitimation of sociology as a scientific discipline from classical narratives commonly arranged around the “founding fathers”. Second, a constructivist approach to the history of sociology is deployed by dealing with issues of reflexivity. Drawing on the concept of autopoiesis, internal links are highlighted between the chance of persistence of a scientific domain and the conditions of its possibility. In line with Steve Woolgar, a reflexive Sociology of sociological Knowledge (SsK) is said to be possible by deconstructing the standard view of science, and its implementation within social sciences. This requires an integration of: (a) the post-structuralist concept of “discipline” as put forward by Michel Foucault; (b) postmodern theories prompting an understanding of cognitive differentiation of scientific discourses as a kind of “self-similarity” within a given episteme; and (c) Niklas Luhmann's systems theory focusing on the functional differentiation of science.
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Carrier, James G. "Sociology and Special Education: Differentiation and Allocation in Mass Education." American Journal of Education 94, no. 3 (May 1986): 281–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/443850.

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Splichal, Slavko, Anuska Ferligoj, and Zdravko Mlinar. "Integration and Differentiation in International Sociology: Clustering of ISA Research Committees." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 21, no. 1 (January 1989): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/075910638902100102.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Differentiation (Sociology)"

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YAU, Yuen Ling Elaine. "Social differentiation and age-friendly characteristics : a case study in Tuen Mun." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2013. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/soc_etd/32.

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Hong Kong is one of Asia’s more demographically-aged cities, with 14% of population aged 65+ in 2012, projected to be 23% by 2025. Facilities and transport are generally good by world standards although the urban environment may not consistently be particularly ‘age-friendly’. Drawing on a range of urban sub-areas, this research investigated the ‘age-friendliness’ of Tuen Mun, a ‘new town’ of half a million population in Hong Kong. This study was also interested in socio-cultural variables and age-friendly cities (AFC) characteristics in its predominantly Chinese population, and relationships with psychological well-being (PWB). A total of 503 participants aged 50 years or above were interviewed in a face-to-face questionnaire survey in Tuen Mun. Two focus groups were held afterwards as a post facto evaluation to ascertain and explain the findings of the survey. Among the WHO’s original eight AFC domains, in this study ‘Social participation’ scored the highest AFC rating. ‘Housing’, ‘Civic participation and employment’, and ‘Community support and health services’ perhaps surprisingly scored the lowest. Interestingly, the ‘higher social group’ (i.e. respondents from private housing, with a higher education attainment and household income) tended to be less satisfied with the AFC domains than the lower social group. An important contribution of this study is therefore to show the importance of considering social variations in attitudes to AFC characteristics, as perceptions/expectations of AFC might vary across different social groups. This study also addressed the potential role of AFC characteristics in influencing older persons’ PWB. AFC, especially the ‘software’ aspects related to social support, were found to have the strongest positive correlations with PWB. A newly-proposed ‘Food and shopping’ dimension appeared to be a salient factor affecting PWB, showing such ‘lifestyle’ items should be included in AFC in Asian settings. The policy implications and the value of the AFC concept in cities such as Hong Kong are discussed.
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Saunders, Kenneth C. "Differentiation in the social evaluation of work : an investigation of stigmatizing characteristics of death-related occupations." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1991. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13369/.

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At the theoretical level, the thesis seeks to confirm the significance of stigma and to analyse its social composition, classifiability and influence on certain occupational groups, an earlier research topic of the author, focussed here on death work. It begins with a critical review of recent theorists' attempts to grapple with the applications to and implications for socially discredited groups and practitioners. A synthesized model is then presented to reflect the crucial variables in stigmatization. The occupational stigma concept as such, whilst the subject of a deeper theoretical examination in relation to such phenomena as status, prestige, public image and self-perception of incumbents exposed to it, must also be capable of empirical verification. This is provided by an examination of the changing social structure of the 'death industry'. Key ethnographic elements associated with the work of funeral directors, embalmers and gravediggers derived from fieldwork material are elaborated to establish attempts to enhance prestige and counter occupational stigma. Further chapters focus particularly on forensic pathologists as professional doctors in death work, made most acutely aware of their marginality by medical colleagues' denial that they are healers. The reasons for the demise of the forensic pathology profession are critically examined with regard to how incumbents perceive their work and their propensity to manage stress. Stigma-alleviating factors are identified which attach themselves also to a recognised profession as distinct from other death occupations. The thesis concludes by providing the wider cultural and social policy context for the changes that have occurred within the death industry and by offering a reassessment of the concept of stigma in the light of the empirical findings. The five-part appendix includes matters methodological, a discussion of stigma origins, cases studies, some detailed responses from the forensic pathologists and ideas for measuring stigma.
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HANLEY, DENA E. "RISK DIFFERENTIATION AND INTENSIVE SUPERVISION: A MEANINGFUL UNION?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1028229354.

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Kefale, Kende. "The paradox of differentiation : Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory and the impossibility of unilateral control - the case of apartheid." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8952.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65).
The German sociologist, Niklas Luhmann, proposed a social theory that could describe a society at a far more abstract level than is customary. Based on his study of general systems theory and drawing on the works of biologists and mathematicians, Luhmann formulated his theory of social systems which he hoped would move social theory away from the discourse of oppression. In developing his theory, one of the conclusions he arrived at was that unilateral control (or domination) was impossible as a permanent feature of a system. This paper demonstrates (a) how such unilateral control cannot be a defining structure of a society although it appears temporarily from time to time and (b) how Luhmann's social systems theory provides a theoretical framework to understand the impossibility of unilateral control. By using Luhmann's theory of differentiation, this paper will show how the unique evolution of the Apartheid subsystem led to the temporary success of its efforts at unilateral control. It will also be shown how the same unique differentiation could not allow for this kind of control to persist over time - hence the paradoxes of differentiation. The paper concludes by indicating the dangers of superficial abstractions based on temporary states of a system, and advocates a level of abstraction more concerned with action than experience.
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Wasberg, Gregory D. "Differentiation of self and leadership effectiveness in Christian clergy| A mixed methods study." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3602885.

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Organized religion plays a significant, even defining role for millions of people worldwide. Recently however, churchgoers, pastors, and denominational hierarchies are becoming increasingly dissatisfied with clergy leadership effectiveness and pastors are experiencing higher than expected levels of burnout and emotional exhaustion. Leadership effectiveness is often reported as one of the least satisfying aspects of working in faith-based settings and religious congregations. Clergy and congregational leaders need a leadership paradigm that provides a framework for leading in highly relational contexts such as religious organizations that also addresses the leaders need to maintain emotional health and psychological well-being. The present study utilized a mixed-methods approach to examine the relationship between self-differentiation and leadership effectiveness among 97 pastors in leadership positions from a variety of Christian religious denominations. Participants completed the Differentiation of Self and Role for Clergy and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Results of this study suggest that pastors performing in leadership roles have higher levels of self-differentiation than pastors performing in non-leadership roles and that self-differentiation was moderately and positively correlated with the transformational leadership components of intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. For the qualitative portion of the study, fourteen pastors participated in telephone interviews about their experiences of self-differentiation in leadership roles. Utilizing thematic analysis, nine distinct themes emerged and identified as precipitating event, “aha” moment, self-regulating, systemic awareness, self-in-role, take a stand, use of self-in-system, lead through connection and inclusion, and followers first. Qualitative results suggest that higher self-differentiation is related to pastors’ use of self-regulation of emotion, experiential learning, awareness of social context, and willingness to accept risk in exchange for progress. Higher levels of self-differentiation may contribute to the leaders ability to develop and maintain emotional connections with followers during times of conflict or disagreement.

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Polanska, Vergara Dominika. "The emergence of enclaves of wealth and poverty : A sociological study of residential differentiation in post-communist Poland." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-56066.

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Since the fall of communism, some crucial political, economic and social changes have been taking place in the former communist societies. The objective of the thesis is to examine the processes of residential differentiation taking place in the urban landscape of the Polish city of Gdańsk after the introduction of the capitalist system. The focus is on different forms of residential differentiation and the social, economic and historical factors behind these forms. The empirical material that forms the basis of the thesis consists of interviews, newspaper articles, a questionnaire, official (national and local) reports and documents. Study I examines the way in which different social, economic, historical and physical conditions coincide in the formation of space and the processes of decline in the period of transformation in Poland. The focus lies on a specific residential area in the center of Gdańsk and the lack of improvements in this particular area, which would stop its successive decline. Study II explains the emergence of gated communities in the post-communist urban context and discusses the reasons for their increasing numbers and popularity. The main argument is that the popularity of gated communities is tightly intertwined with the communist past, emerging in reaction to the housing conditions that prevailed under communism. Study III investigates how social class markers are constructed in the discourse on gated communities in post-socialist Poland. The “new” capitalistic system, with its inherent social divisions, is described in the discourse as creating demands for “new” forms of housing, where gates function as separators, protectors and class identifiers. Study IV concentrates on the support for the formation of gated communities in the legal and regulatory framework in Poland since 1989. The paper asserts that the outcome of liberal politics and legal regulation in the country is the neglect of spatial planning and imprecise urban policies.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Submitted.

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Lange, Ann-Christina. "Inclusive differentiation : a study of artistic techniques and devices of innovation." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/8003/.

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This thesis presents a study of innovation that focuses on the promotion of art as a force of genuine invention and the unfolding of a much-desired ability to profit from this development. Innovation lies at the heart of contested and divergent views on the role of artistic critique and the creation of value so pervasive in recent economic development, not least in the light of the financial crisis that erupted in 2007. This research connects to and builds upon an increasing engagement within economic sociology and social theory with the intermingling between art and business, or how art has come into view as a source of change. It takes experimental filmmaking and design methods associated with the European artistic avant-garde and anti-capitalistic critique as empirical examples. In doing so, this thesis explores an inclusive logic of differentiation centring on how ‘anti- capitalist’ critique feeds into processes of valuation, and explores how innovation practice benefits from the realities that it also excludes. The thesis draws together insights from two ethnographic studies of innovation in which artistic critique is translated into tools of innovation. In doing so, it explores the way in which artistic critique suspends, provokes and tests ‘realities’ that might stand as sources of knowledge for the purpose of business innovation. It makes the key argument that art and business exist in differential relations in which the principles and values associated with art and business coexist in multiple combinations, which are intimately bound up with new sites of action, such as the formation of camps, labs and studio workshops. Drawing attention to how such differential relations between art and business are becoming central to the construction of contemporary economies, this thesis makes a critical contribution to innovation studies expanding its vocabulary and, at the same time, its empirical field.
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Henriette, Bering. "An Even Playing Field? : Patterns of Differentiation in the Biographical Backgrounds of American College Athletes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415110.

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The internationally unique position of sports in the American higher education system raisesquestions about the impact of sports on patterns of social stratification in education. The presentthesis explores dynamics of social differentiation among American college athletes based on theirhigh school and hometown background. Data on more than 250,000 student athletes active incompetitive college sports in the Divisions I and II of the National Collegiate Athletic Associationin the season 2019/2020 was assembled and analyzed through geometric data analysis. Multiplecorrespondence analysis and principal component analysis was used to construct a social spaceof college athletes and college sports teams. The results indicate a significant differentiationbetween student athletes in terms of the characteristics of their high schools and hometowns. Theposition of student athletes in the space of college sports seems to be somewhat related to anathlete’s socioeconomic background, in so far that student athletes from different biographicalbackgrounds differ in their tendencies to play certain sports and to attend prestigious universities.The findings of this thesis thus reveal that educational recruitment through sports exhibitsdynamics of social stratification similar to academic selection.
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Zhang, Lijuan. "Ti zhi zhuan xing yu guo you qi ye gong ren fen hua de duo chong luo ji = Institutional transformation and the multi-facet logic of differentiation of state-owned enterprise workers /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202006%20ZHANG.

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Chen, Chih-Jen. "The spatial patterning of residential differentiation in metropolitan community : the case of Kaohsiung City in Taiwan, 1982." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4284.

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The urban growth process produces a complex socio-geographic division of labor among the component parts of the urban community. During this process, each subarea of the community differentiates from the other parts in its physical and demographic characteristics, becomes specialized functionally and structurally. The spatial patterning of the urban community is the result of this differentiation process.
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Books on the topic "Differentiation (Sociology)"

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Antônio Flávio de Oliveira Pierucci. Ciladas da diferença. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Curso de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Universidade de São Paulo, 1999.

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Tacke, Veronika, and Michael Bommes. Netzwerke in der funktional differenzierten Gesellschaft. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011.

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Ågren, Maria. Jord och gäld: Social skiktning och rättslig konflikt i södra Dalarna ca 1650-1850. Uppsala: [Uppsala universitet], 1992.

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Smith, Jonathan Z. Differential equations: On constructing the 'other'. Tempe, AZ: Dept. of Religious Studies, Arizona State Univ., 1992.

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Schmid, Michael. Niklas Luhmanns "Soziologische Aufklärung": Rekonstruktion eines Erkenntnisprogramms. Neubiberg: Institut für Soziologie und Gesellschaftspolitik, Universität der Bundeswehr, Fakultät für Pädagogik, 1995.

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Barben, Daniel. Theorietechnik und Politik bei Niklas Luhmann: Grenzen einer universalen Theorie der modernen Gesellschaft. Opladen, Germany: Westdeutscher Verlag, 1996.

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Lê, Văn Toàn. Phân tầng xã hội ở Việt Nam: Trong quá trình chuyển đổi sang nền kinh tế thị trường và hội nhập quốc tế. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản chính trị quốc gia, 2012.

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Veronika, Tacke, ed. Organisation und gesellschaftliche Differenzierung. Wiesbaden: Westdeutscher Verlag, 2001.

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Vischer, Michael P. Precedence: Social Differentiation in the Austronesian World. Canberra: ANU Press, 2009.

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Vischer, Michael P. Precedence: Social differentiation in the Austronesian world. Canberra, A.C.T: ANU E Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Differentiation (Sociology)"

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O’Donnell, G. "Social Differentiation." In Work Out Sociology GCSE, 72–95. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09410-3_5.

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Abrutyn, Seth. "Does Differentiation Matter to Sociology?" In Handbook of Classical Sociological Theory, 147–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78205-4_7.

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Berggren, Caroline. "Differentiation in higher education." In Routledge Handbook of the Sociology of Higher Education, 187–96. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2016: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315772233-17.

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Lechner, Frank J. "Social Differentiation and Modernity: On Simmel’s Macrosociology." In Georg Simmel and Contemporary Sociology, 155–79. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0459-0_10.

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Teese, Richard. "Social Differentiation and the Academic Curriculum." In The Sage Handbook of Sociology of Education, 373–87. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: Sage Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529783506.n24.

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Moebius, Stephan. "Ups and Downs of Sociology in Germany: 1968–1990." In Sociology in Germany, 85–122. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71866-4_4.

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AbstractIn the 1960s, Germany was strongly marked by changes in cultural values and social concepts of order, by new developments in art, music, and film, as well as suburbanization; also, as in many other countries, in 1968 there were massive student protests in Germany. The student movement brought sociology into the limelight. The Frankfurt School and the more Marxist Marburg School in particular became closely connected with the student movement. As a subject of study, sociology gained enormously in importance, which was connected with the growing need for social reflection in all areas of life. A characteristic feature of sociology in this period was an increasing differentiation into specialized subfields. The number of academic positions for sociologists and the number of students increased, partly as a result of the founding of new universities and of reforms in higher education policy. The increasing number of non-university research institutions complemented sociological research at the universities. This expansion, which coincided with a highly visible public sociology, also led to counter-movements: Conservative sociologists criticized the growing social influence of sociology and propagated an “anti-sociology.” As far as empirical social research is concerned, quantitative research had become more professional; interpretative social research had slowly developed, reinforced by the increasing reception of symbolic interactionism. The “planning euphoria” of the 1960s and 1970s weakened, and many looked at 1968 with disappointment and some even turned away from sociology. There were debates, such as that between representatives of Critical Theory and systems theory (the “Habermas-Luhmann debate”) and the debate on “theory comparison,” and controversies regarding “postmodernism.” The 1980s was the great time for sociological theory in Germany. Also, a further increase in the differentiation and pluralization of the sociological field could be observed.
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Moebius, Stephan. "Sociology in Germany After 1990." In Sociology in Germany, 141–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71866-4_6.

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AbstractWhile far-reaching intellectual influences changed the face of sociology in the 1980s, the development of sociology in the 1990s was first and foremost shaped by a concrete social and political transformation, the fall of the Berlin Wall. Soon after the German reunification, East German sociology almost entirely disappeared and West German sociology extended to the East. The triumph of capitalist society fostered a brief comeback of modernization theory. As the system change came along with severe social problems, theories and research projects focusing on social exclusion, precarious work, and xenophobia moved to the center stage of sociological thinking. The first decade of this century again brought about major changes for society and sociology. Market logic increasingly dominated social and education policy; economic thinking and its involvement in political affairs was on the rise and may have contributed to a marginalization of the influence of sociology on policy making. Characteristic is a further specialization and differentiation, visible through the multiplication of special sociologies. The landscape of sociological theory in Germany continued to change: Earlier, grand theories were dominant, whereas nowadays a trend toward sociological diagnoses of contemporary society can be observed. Overall, contemporary sociology in Germany can be characterized by the following features: (1) historically and philosophically informed sociological theory has always been and still is important, (2) German sociology lacks self-confidence compared to US-American sociology, (3) German sociology has a critical attitude and a strong tradition of public sociology, (4) self-critical debates and internal controversies have always existed and still persist in the field of German sociology. Most recently, this could be observed in the splitting off of the Academy of Sociology from the German Sociological Association and the accompanying debates.
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Maire, Quentin. "School Differentiation in Urban Spaces: Social Diversity, Segregation, and Inequality." In The Sage Handbook of Sociology of Education, 541–56. 1 Oliver's Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: Sage Publications Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529783506.n35.

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Kauppi, Niilo. "Processes of Differentiation of Political Power in the EU." In Toward a Reflexive Political Sociology of the European Union, 107–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71002-0_6.

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Carroll, Jamie M., and Chandra Muller. "Curricular Differentiation and Its Impact on Different Status Groups Including Immigrants and Students with Disabilities." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 251–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76694-2_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Differentiation (Sociology)"

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Damovski, Andon. "CONTEMPORARY SOCIOLOGICAL ISSUES THROUGH THE PRISM OF PUBLIC POLICY." In SECURITY HORIZONS. Faculty of Security- Skopje, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20544/icp.2.5.21.p25.

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The boundaries of modernism are fluid, not only in purely temporal terms but also in sociological terms. The famous Polish sociologist Zygmund Bauman speaks about the very notion of fluid society, and according to him, fluid modernism has changed the way we think and experience the modern world. In his masterpiece Fluid Times, Bauman explores, examines, and attempts to explain the sources and causes of the endemic uncertainty that shapes life in a globalized world. This is primarily due to the speed and depth of change that has taken place over the past decades. These changes concern the fall of communism, the block division of the world, but also the enlargement of the European integration or the increase in the number of new nation-states and conflicts. Consequently, modern social interactions and processes create new sociological issues in society, which significantly change the direction of action of sociology itself. For this goal, modern sociology emphasizes focuses on citizenship and civil rights and responsibilities, an ideology that guides societies, collective action and social movements, culture and globalization. That is why today it is very difficult to systematize all sociological works or to include all theorists. Within this text, the emphasis is placed on public policy and its importance in contemporary sociology. The challenges that contemporary sociology faces in solving contemporary sociological issues were analyzed through the differentiation of three separate but related aspects (civic partnership, culture, and globalization) within the complexity of public policy. Keywords: sociology, public policy, culture, globalization, civil partnership
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Siryy, Evgen. "Exclusive factors and resource opportunities of youth in professional self-fulfillment (taking into account the social challenges of the war in Ukraine)." In Sociology – Social Work and Social Welfare: Regulation of Social Problems. Видавець ФОП Марченко Т.В., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sosrsw2023.096.

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Background.In the conditions of the deepening of the transformational processes in Ukraine, many youth problems have also become more acute. Here, one of the problems of the social formation of youth is highlighted – its prospects for economic employment and professional development from the perspective of access to socio-economic resources, which are decisive in the professional employment of young people, their professional self-realization and competitiveness in the labor market. Purpose. The study of the social formation of youth actualizes and requires the analysis of such problems, especially with the emergence of social challenges of the war and genocide against Ukraine. Methods. The article uses general scientific methods of generalization, the descriptive method, analytical analysis and induction, the sociological method of collecting social information – interviews, which integrally allow to supplement the scientific description of individual situations of social inequality in the aspect of the problem of access to social resources in the social formation of youth. Results. The author singles out and describes in several groups of factors such problems of the social formation of youth in terms of their prospects for economic employment and professional development, such as: access to quality education, resources for professional self-realization, problems of employment, entrepreneurial development and self-employment, which more or less comprehensively reflect the directions of generation obstacles to the professional involvement of young people at the present time in the field of employment and self-employment. Conclusion. It is emphasized that the possibility of full access (use) of relevant resource institutional opportunities shapes the nature of the relationship between the government and society, levels the growth of social-status differentiation, which contributes to the deepening of the social stratification of the population, a decrease in the economic level of youth activit and athe. Keywords: labor market, access to public resources, employment, professional self-realization, educational resources, employment resources, entrepreneurship, exclusion
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Schering, Jan, Sander Keemink, and Johannes Textor. "Fitting stochastic lattice models using approximate gradients." In 38th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2024-0366.

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Stochastic lattice models (sLMs) are computational tools for simulating spatiotemporal dynamics in physics, computational biology, chemistry, ecology, and other fields. Despite their widespread use, it is challenging to fit sLMs to data, as their likelihood function is commonly intractable and the models non-differentiable. The adjacent field of agent-based modelling (ABM), faced with similar challenges, has recently introduced an approach to approximate gradients in network-controlled ABMs via reparameterization tricks. This approach enables efficient gradient-based optimization with automatic differentiation (AD), which allows for a directed local search of suitable parameters rather than estimation via black-box sampling. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of using similar reparameterization tricks to fit sLMs through backpropagation of approximate gradients. We consider three common scenarios: fitting to single-state transitions, fitting to trajectories, and identification of stable lattice configurations. We demonstrate that all tasks can be solved by AD using three example sLMs from sociology, biophysics, and physical chemistry. Our results show that AD via approximate gradients is a promising method to fit sLMs to data for a wide variety of models and tasks.
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Hodek, Viktor. "Různé aspekty fenoménu moci." In Naděje právní vědy 2022. University of West Bohemia, Czech Republic, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24132/zcu.nadeje.2022.137-146.

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In my contribution, I focus attention on the phenomenon of power, which is the focus of my dissertation research on the topic: „The power of judicial power“. It can be safely said that the very word „POWER“ is surrounded by a veil of mystery and has a magical touch and evokes various feelings. However, this word is often mentioned rather in pejorative connotations. However, it is hard for anyone to deny that power has its „dangerous attraction“. In general, power as a social category is associated with a certain differentiation, hierarchization of society, expresses superiority and subordination. Bertrand Russel (1872–1970), an English mathematician and philosopher, considered power to be „a fundamental concept of the social sciences, just as energy is a fundamental concept of physics“. This phenomenon is therefore investigated by a number of social sciences. In my contribution, at least in theses and quotes, I will try to draw attention to the views of these sciences. The views of philosophy, sociology, political science and, of course, law will be discussed gradually, but also in a connected manner. Unfortunately, due to the scope of the contribution, it will not be possible to discuss psychological, economic, or theological aspects.
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Leão, Celina, Anabela C. Alves, Filomena Soares, and Vinicius Silva. "Preparing Generation Z: Beyond Technologies." In ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95513.

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Abstract Personal skills such as communication, leadership, teamwork, can be the key factor for differentiation in a technological career. Attending to this, the authors of this paper were motivated to propose a different course (or Curricular Unit, CU) to students of Higher Education level. In this way, this paper describes the aim, objectives, methodology in the creation of an elective CU, called “Preparing Generation Z: beyond technologies (Z-Tec)”. Z-Tec, lectured for the first time in the academic year of 2021–2022, allows student to acquire skills that promote a conscious and reflective transition to the job market, namely: to recognize the importance of career preparation and the skills needed for this preparation, to integrate enhancing strategies as a starting point for career management, to recognize such strategies as facilitators for personal, professional and social success, and to identify and critically apply tools that allow to objectively analyze and decide the professional future. Z-Tec puts on active learning methodologies based on practical exercises, debates, seminars and reflective activities. The results discussed are based on the students’ perceptions gathered at the beginning of each semester, on the several activities that students developed and on the students’ feedback gathered at the end of each semester. A total of 62 students from different areas of knowledge (Engineering, Economy, to Sociology and Public Administration) were positively engaged.
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Bastiana. "Investigating Social Differentiations of Student (A case of Special Education Student in Universitas Negeri Makasar )." In 1st UPI International Conference on Sociology Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icse-15.2016.57.

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Martins, João. "Design of products to honor people post mortem." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3323.

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The cemeterial units, are places of social practices of everyday life and worship and the tomb where nostalgia can be externalized and the memory of the deceased revered. In Western societies we can find a category of artifacts meant to evoke the memory or honor the dead. In this paper we we mention three examples of products that enabled a reflection on the concepts that gave rise to their ways, and that risks to fit them into a new "material culture", in that it may have created a break with the traditional system codes and standards shared by companies, and its manifestations in relation to the physical creation of this category of products. This work offers a reflection on the Design Products.What probably makes it special is the field where it is located: the design of products in one post mortem memory. Usually made of granite rock or marble, have the form of plate or tablet, open book or rolled sheet. On one side have a photograph of the person who intend to honor and inscriptions. The thought of inherent design of this work put on one side the intricate set of emotions that this type of product can generate, and other components more affordable, and concerning the form, function and object interactions with users and with use environments. In the definition of the problem it was regarded as mandatory requirements: differentiation, added value and durability as key objectives.The first two should be manifested in the various components / product attributes. The aesthetic and material/structural durability of product necessarily imply the introduction of qualifying terms and quantitative weights, which positively influence the generation and evaluation of concepts based on the set of 10 principles for the project that originated a matrix as a tool to aid designing products. The concrete definition of a target audience was equally important. At this stage, the collaboration of other experts in the fields of psychology and sociology as disciplines with particular ability to understand individuals and social phenomena respectively was crucial. It was concluded that a product design to honor someone post mortem, should abandon the more traditional habits and customs to focus on identifying new audiences. Although at present it can be considered a niche market, it is believed that in the future may grow as well as their interest in this type of products.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3323
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