Dissertations / Theses: 'Differentiation (Sociology)'

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YAU, Yuen Ling Elaine. "Social differentiation and age-friendly characteristics : a case study in Tuen Mun." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2013. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/soc_etd/32.

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Hong Kong is one of Asia’s more demographically-aged cities, with 14% of population aged 65+ in 2012, projected to be 23% by 2025. Facilities and transport are generally good by world standards although the urban environment may not consistently be particularly ‘age-friendly’. Drawing on a range of urban sub-areas, this research investigated the ‘age-friendliness’ of Tuen Mun, a ‘new town’ of half a million population in Hong Kong. This study was also interested in socio-cultural variables and age-friendly cities (AFC) characteristics in its predominantly Chinese population, and relationships with psychological well-being (PWB). A total of 503 participants aged 50 years or above were interviewed in a face-to-face questionnaire survey in Tuen Mun. Two focus groups were held afterwards as a post facto evaluation to ascertain and explain the findings of the survey. Among the WHO’s original eight AFC domains, in this study ‘Social participation’ scored the highest AFC rating. ‘Housing’, ‘Civic participation and employment’, and ‘Community support and health services’ perhaps surprisingly scored the lowest. Interestingly, the ‘higher social group’ (i.e. respondents from private housing, with a higher education attainment and household income) tended to be less satisfied with the AFC domains than the lower social group. An important contribution of this study is therefore to show the importance of considering social variations in attitudes to AFC characteristics, as perceptions/expectations of AFC might vary across different social groups. This study also addressed the potential role of AFC characteristics in influencing older persons’ PWB. AFC, especially the ‘software’ aspects related to social support, were found to have the strongest positive correlations with PWB. A newly-proposed ‘Food and shopping’ dimension appeared to be a salient factor affecting PWB, showing such ‘lifestyle’ items should be included in AFC in Asian settings. The policy implications and the value of the AFC concept in cities such as Hong Kong are discussed.

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Saunders, Kenneth C. "Differentiation in the social evaluation of work : an investigation of stigmatizing characteristics of death-related occupations." Thesis, Middlesex University, 1991. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/13369/.

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At the theoretical level, the thesis seeks to confirm the significance of stigma and to analyse its social composition, classifiability and influence on certain occupational groups, an earlier research topic of the author, focussed here on death work. It begins with a critical review of recent theorists' attempts to grapple with the applications to and implications for socially discredited groups and practitioners. A synthesized model is then presented to reflect the crucial variables in stigmatization. The occupational stigma concept as such, whilst the subject of a deeper theoretical examination in relation to such phenomena as status, prestige, public image and self-perception of incumbents exposed to it, must also be capable of empirical verification. This is provided by an examination of the changing social structure of the 'death industry'. Key ethnographic elements associated with the work of funeral directors, embalmers and gravediggers derived from fieldwork material are elaborated to establish attempts to enhance prestige and counter occupational stigma. Further chapters focus particularly on forensic pathologists as professional doctors in death work, made most acutely aware of their marginality by medical colleagues' denial that they are healers. The reasons for the demise of the forensic pathology profession are critically examined with regard to how incumbents perceive their work and their propensity to manage stress. Stigma-alleviating factors are identified which attach themselves also to a recognised profession as distinct from other death occupations. The thesis concludes by providing the wider cultural and social policy context for the changes that have occurred within the death industry and by offering a reassessment of the concept of stigma in the light of the empirical findings. The five-part appendix includes matters methodological, a discussion of stigma origins, cases studies, some detailed responses from the forensic pathologists and ideas for measuring stigma.

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HANLEY, DENA E. "RISK DIFFERENTIATION AND INTENSIVE SUPERVISION: A MEANINGFUL UNION?" University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1028229354.

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Kefale, Kende. "The paradox of differentiation : Niklas Luhmann's social systems theory and the impossibility of unilateral control - the case of apartheid." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8952.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65).
The German sociologist, Niklas Luhmann, proposed a social theory that could describe a society at a far more abstract level than is customary. Based on his study of general systems theory and drawing on the works of biologists and mathematicians, Luhmann formulated his theory of social systems which he hoped would move social theory away from the discourse of oppression. In developing his theory, one of the conclusions he arrived at was that unilateral control (or domination) was impossible as a permanent feature of a system. This paper demonstrates (a) how such unilateral control cannot be a defining structure of a society although it appears temporarily from time to time and (b) how Luhmann's social systems theory provides a theoretical framework to understand the impossibility of unilateral control. By using Luhmann's theory of differentiation, this paper will show how the unique evolution of the Apartheid subsystem led to the temporary success of its efforts at unilateral control. It will also be shown how the same unique differentiation could not allow for this kind of control to persist over time - hence the paradoxes of differentiation. The paper concludes by indicating the dangers of superficial abstractions based on temporary states of a system, and advocates a level of abstraction more concerned with action than experience.

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Wasberg, Gregory D. "Differentiation of self and leadership effectiveness in Christian clergy| A mixed methods study." Thesis, Capella University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3602885.

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Organized religion plays a significant, even defining role for millions of people worldwide. Recently however, churchgoers, pastors, and denominational hierarchies are becoming increasingly dissatisfied with clergy leadership effectiveness and pastors are experiencing higher than expected levels of burnout and emotional exhaustion. Leadership effectiveness is often reported as one of the least satisfying aspects of working in faith-based settings and religious congregations. Clergy and congregational leaders need a leadership paradigm that provides a framework for leading in highly relational contexts such as religious organizations that also addresses the leaders need to maintain emotional health and psychological well-being. The present study utilized a mixed-methods approach to examine the relationship between self-differentiation and leadership effectiveness among 97 pastors in leadership positions from a variety of Christian religious denominations. Participants completed the Differentiation of Self and Role for Clergy and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Results of this study suggest that pastors performing in leadership roles have higher levels of self-differentiation than pastors performing in non-leadership roles and that self-differentiation was moderately and positively correlated with the transformational leadership components of intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. For the qualitative portion of the study, fourteen pastors participated in telephone interviews about their experiences of self-differentiation in leadership roles. Utilizing thematic analysis, nine distinct themes emerged and identified as precipitating event, “aha” moment, self-regulating, systemic awareness, self-in-role, take a stand, use of self-in-system, lead through connection and inclusion, and followers first. Qualitative results suggest that higher self-differentiation is related to pastors’ use of self-regulation of emotion, experiential learning, awareness of social context, and willingness to accept risk in exchange for progress. Higher levels of self-differentiation may contribute to the leaders ability to develop and maintain emotional connections with followers during times of conflict or disagreement.

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Polanska, Vergara Dominika. "The emergence of enclaves of wealth and poverty : A sociological study of residential differentiation in post-communist Poland." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-56066.

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Since the fall of communism, some crucial political, economic and social changes have been taking place in the former communist societies. The objective of the thesis is to examine the processes of residential differentiation taking place in the urban landscape of the Polish city of Gdańsk after the introduction of the capitalist system. The focus is on different forms of residential differentiation and the social, economic and historical factors behind these forms. The empirical material that forms the basis of the thesis consists of interviews, newspaper articles, a questionnaire, official (national and local) reports and documents. Study I examines the way in which different social, economic, historical and physical conditions coincide in the formation of space and the processes of decline in the period of transformation in Poland. The focus lies on a specific residential area in the center of Gdańsk and the lack of improvements in this particular area, which would stop its successive decline. Study II explains the emergence of gated communities in the post-communist urban context and discusses the reasons for their increasing numbers and popularity. The main argument is that the popularity of gated communities is tightly intertwined with the communist past, emerging in reaction to the housing conditions that prevailed under communism. Study III investigates how social class markers are constructed in the discourse on gated communities in post-socialist Poland. The “new” capitalistic system, with its inherent social divisions, is described in the discourse as creating demands for “new” forms of housing, where gates function as separators, protectors and class identifiers. Study IV concentrates on the support for the formation of gated communities in the legal and regulatory framework in Poland since 1989. The paper asserts that the outcome of liberal politics and legal regulation in the country is the neglect of spatial planning and imprecise urban policies.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Submitted.

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Lange, Ann-Christina. "Inclusive differentiation : a study of artistic techniques and devices of innovation." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2012. http://research.gold.ac.uk/8003/.

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This thesis presents a study of innovation that focuses on the promotion of art as a force of genuine invention and the unfolding of a much-desired ability to profit from this development. Innovation lies at the heart of contested and divergent views on the role of artistic critique and the creation of value so pervasive in recent economic development, not least in the light of the financial crisis that erupted in 2007. This research connects to and builds upon an increasing engagement within economic sociology and social theory with the intermingling between art and business, or how art has come into view as a source of change. It takes experimental filmmaking and design methods associated with the European artistic avant-garde and anti-capitalistic critique as empirical examples. In doing so, this thesis explores an inclusive logic of differentiation centring on how ‘anti- capitalist’ critique feeds into processes of valuation, and explores how innovation practice benefits from the realities that it also excludes. The thesis draws together insights from two ethnographic studies of innovation in which artistic critique is translated into tools of innovation. In doing so, it explores the way in which artistic critique suspends, provokes and tests ‘realities’ that might stand as sources of knowledge for the purpose of business innovation. It makes the key argument that art and business exist in differential relations in which the principles and values associated with art and business coexist in multiple combinations, which are intimately bound up with new sites of action, such as the formation of camps, labs and studio workshops. Drawing attention to how such differential relations between art and business are becoming central to the construction of contemporary economies, this thesis makes a critical contribution to innovation studies expanding its vocabulary and, at the same time, its empirical field.

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Henriette, Bering. "An Even Playing Field? : Patterns of Differentiation in the Biographical Backgrounds of American College Athletes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-415110.

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The internationally unique position of sports in the American higher education system raisesquestions about the impact of sports on patterns of social stratification in education. The presentthesis explores dynamics of social differentiation among American college athletes based on theirhigh school and hometown background. Data on more than 250,000 student athletes active incompetitive college sports in the Divisions I and II of the National Collegiate Athletic Associationin the season 2019/2020 was assembled and analyzed through geometric data analysis. Multiplecorrespondence analysis and principal component analysis was used to construct a social spaceof college athletes and college sports teams. The results indicate a significant differentiationbetween student athletes in terms of the characteristics of their high schools and hometowns. Theposition of student athletes in the space of college sports seems to be somewhat related to anathlete’s socioeconomic background, in so far that student athletes from different biographicalbackgrounds differ in their tendencies to play certain sports and to attend prestigious universities.The findings of this thesis thus reveal that educational recruitment through sports exhibitsdynamics of social stratification similar to academic selection.

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Zhang, Lijuan. "Ti zhi zhuan xing yu guo you qi ye gong ren fen hua de duo chong luo ji = Institutional transformation and the multi-facet logic of differentiation of state-owned enterprise workers /." View abstract or full-text, 2006. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202006%20ZHANG.

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Chen, Chih-Jen. "The spatial patterning of residential differentiation in metropolitan community : the case of Kaohsiung City in Taiwan, 1982." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4284.

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The urban growth process produces a complex socio-geographic division of labor among the component parts of the urban community. During this process, each subarea of the community differentiates from the other parts in its physical and demographic characteristics, becomes specialized functionally and structurally. The spatial patterning of the urban community is the result of this differentiation process.

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Kennedy, Edward Fabian. "The politics of representing the past in Bolivia." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3386536.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed January 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 312-328).

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Likcani, Adriatik. "Differentiation and intimate partner violence." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15547.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Family Studies and Human Services
Sandra Stith
Farrell Webb
This study explored the impact of differentiation of self on Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). First, the study determined if differentiation of self in a relationship added to the variance accounted for by the known risk factors including relational satisfaction, marital conflict, romantic jealousy, depression, anxiety, and attitude about violence towards women. Second, it examined the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between differentiation of self and IPV. Results indicated that differentiation of self in a relationship is a predictor of perpetration of intimate partner violence in relationships even after controlling for other known risk factors. Results also indicated that gender did not moderate the relationship between differentiation of self and perpetration of violence.

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Henderson-Ross, Jodi A. "Informal Social Control in Action: Neighborhood Context, Social Differentiation, and Selective Efficacy." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1395755045.

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Duque, Tiago 1977. "Gêneros incríveis : identificação, diferenciação e reconhecimento no ato de passar por." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/280487.

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Orientador: Karla Adriana Martins Bessa
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Esta tese de doutorado tem por objetivo estudar a experiência de passar por homem e/ou passarpor mulher como performances contemporâneas de feminilidades e masculinidades que revelam normas e convenções constitutivas de um regime de visibilidade/conhecimento. A partir de uma postura desconstrutivista, reunindo principalmente teóricos queers e feministas, os interlocutores deste estudo não foram classificados a priori de modo identitário. A pesquisa focou em seus processos de autoidentificação, analisando suas multiplas experiências corporais e subjetivas, envolvendo suas agências e percepções de si enquanto lésbica, gay, homem transexual, mulher transexual, andrógino, drag king, drag queem e travesti. Através de uma multiplicidade metodológica, incluindo etnografia (online e offline), documentos, matérias jornalísticas, entrevistas e imagens, considerou-se vários outros marcadores sociais da diferença que constituem esse regime, que não somente gênero e sexualidade, como também classe, raça/cor e idade. A constituição do passar por se dá via a agência dos interlocutores diante de uma diversidade de elementos como a materialidade do corpo, uma legitimidade dos documentos legais, a localidade espacial em que se encontram e a forma como se aprendeu a revestir o corpo, mas, sobretudo, porque há interação com os outros, os olhares dos outros. Por fim, se discute a existência desse regime de visibilidade/conhecimento do passar por considerando o desejo de reconhecimento dos interlocutores num contexto em que, se por um lado, multiplicam-se os discursos de valorização das diferenças, por outro, se constata o quanto aqueles que desafiam as normas e convenções legitimadas do que é ser homem e mulher estão expostos a distintas violências
Abstract: This thesis aims to study the passing as a gender performance, i.e., people acting like a man and / or a woman appropriating femininity and masculinity revealing norms and conventions concerned to a regime of visibility. From a deconstructive theoretical point of view, mostly in dialogue with feminists and queer theorists, the interlocutors of this study were not characterized a priori by her/his gender or sexuality identity. The research focuses on their self-rating process of identification, analyzing their varying corporeal and subjective experiments involving their own agency in being/perceiving themselves as lesbian, gay, transgender man, transsexual woman, androgynous, dragking, drag queen and transvestite. Through the use of multiple methodological tools, including ethnography (online and offline), documents, newspaper articles, interviews and pictures, this study was aware of other social markers that constitute this system of differentiation, which not only gender and sexuality, as well as class, race / color and age matters. This constitution occurs via agency that consider factors such as the materiality of the body, legitimacy of legal documents, spatial locality in which they are and how they learned to get their bodies redressed, but mainly because there are interactions with others, the eyes of others. Finally, the research interrogates the existence of this regime of visibility / awareness of passing, considering the desire for recognition of the interlocutors in a local context in which, on one hand, the speeches of appreciation of differences are multiplied, on the other, it turns out how those who defy the legitimate rules and conventions of what it means to be a man and woman are exposed to violence
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutor em Ciências Sociais

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Leigh, Diana Marie. "The relationship between differentiation and religion in the marital relationship : it's impact on marital satisfaction in Black and White couples /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1380895479.

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Nogueira, Cassia Michela Alves. "Significados sociais da variação estilistica em esquetes de radio." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270425.

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Orientador: Anna Christina Bentes da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Abstract: This research investigates the "parodic stylization", as described by Bakhtin ([1975]1988), made by Brazilian comedians on the radio show "Os manos". The analyzed corpus is composed by 16 comic sketches. The sketches" characters live in a poor neighbor of São Paulo city (Brazilian favela). In this research, data is analyzed using both "sociological poetics" (Bakhtin) and "theory of practice" (Bourdieu). The main objective of this work is to describe and analyze the social meaning of stylistic variation that occurs on sketches" dialogs. On the analysis, this work focuses on the following: (1) describing the linguistic variables used to create characters" linguistic style; (2) investigating the association of those linguistic variables and discursive practices which creates character?s social identity. It is found that comedians creates characters" linguistic style by selecting stigmatized linguistic variables which are linked to stigmatized social practices, so parodic stylization, as an image of another's language, reflects social agency which involves the deployment and the construction of social meaning
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística

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Frerichs, Sabine. "The Rule of the Market: Economic Constitutionalism Understood Sociologically." Cambridge University Press, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5711/1/Frerichs_2017_Rule%2Dof%2Dthe%2Dmarket_submitted%2Dversion.pdf.

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Setting out from the works of Max Weber and Karl Polanyi, this chapter outlines a sociology of economic constitutionalism. The starting point is a functional definition of economic constitution as the law constituting the market order, no matter if it is public or private, national or international, official or informal law. Economic constitutionalism is understood as a system of thought, which emphasises the role of a liberal economic constitution in integrating the global economy. Adapting Weber's ideal-typical method, the economic constitution is conceived as a constitutional ideal type, next to juridical constitution, political constitution, social constitution, and security constitution. Sociologically speaking, these ideal types capture different constitutional rationalities, which are all culturally significant but not equally successful in the global age. Drawing on Polanyi's work, which exposes the self-regulating market as an artefact of economic thinking, the argument proceeds by highlighting the constitutive role of economics in constructing the law of the globalised market society. After economic law came to be embedded in national welfare states in the twentieth century, economic constitutionalism furthers the opening up of national laws and economies. In contrast to the rule of law, the rule of the market is inherently transnational in character.

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Rodrigues, Raquel Nair. "Desenvolvimento econômico e distribuição de renda: enfoque sobre as causas do subdesenvolvimento brasileiro." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20070.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The present research uses the analysis of recognized authors, to address the poor distribution of income in Brazil from the perspective of its structural constraints, particularly, it sought to point to technological dependence as the main determinant of inequality. It is argued that without the ownership technology, the internal market would tend to turn more and more towards the richer top of the population. In this model, only the highest income layer would be able to give continuity to capital accumulation. Thus, the National Development Plans while adopting economic growth policies, not changing the exogenous nature of technical transformations, referred to in the model, only reinforced underdevelopment. In addition, it is pointed out that this mode of accumulation implies overexploitation of labor. In rescuing the conclusions drawn by the pioneers in the underdevelopment, study, its causes and consequences, it is intended to contribute to bring the subject up for debate
A pesquisa que ora se apresenta, recorre às análises de Celso Furtado entre outros reconhecidos autores, para abordar a má distribuição de renda no Brasil sob a perspectiva de seus condicionantes estruturais, em especial, procura-se apontar a dependência tecnológica como o principal fator determinante da desigualdade. Argumenta-se que sem tecnologias próprias, o mercado interno tenderia a voltar-se cada vez mais para o topo mais rico da população. Nesse modelo de acumulação, somente a camada mais elevada da renda seria capaz de dar continuidade à acumulação de capital. Assim, os Planos Nacionais de Desenvolvimento ao adotarem políticas de crescimento econômico, mantido o caráter exógeno das transformações técnicas, base do referido modelo, apenas reforçaram o subdesenvolvimento. Ademais, busca-se salientar que esse modo de acumulação implica em superexploração do trabalho. Ao resgatar as conclusões, elaboradas por um dos pioneiros no estudo do subdesenvolvimento, suas causas e consequências, pretende-se contribuir para trazer à tona o referido tema para o debate

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Cherub, Fauzia. "An exploration of understandings and expectations around differentiation in mathematics, science and technology education." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008179.

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The exploratory study presented in this thesis is a case study, interpretive in nature and located in the qualitative paradigm. The conceptual focus is on differentiation, recognizing that learners vary from one another and so will need educators to consider a wide range of factors to enable learners to learn. The objectives of the study are: • To identify what Whole School Evaluation (WSE) supervisors understand by the term differentiation (conceptual) • To identify how WSE supervisors expect differentiation to be achieved by educators (conceptual). [n order to contextualise this research, a further objective was considered necessary: • To identify the roles of WSE supervisors (contextual) This was set in the context of mathematics, science and technology education. The study was carried out with a group of ten WSE supervisors who were involved in evaluating Mathematics, Science and or Technology education in the GET (General Education and Training) Band. Analysis of questionnaires and documents led to the identification of supervisory roles, while analysis of semi-structured interviews revealed a range of dimensions related to differentiation understandings and expectations. These dimensions have been developed into a typology which is then drawn upon in the development of a new conceptual model of differentiation, particularly relevant to the South African context. Findings presented in the study represent an attempt to understand and make recommendations related to policy, practice, research, curriculum and learning support material (LSM) development, training and evaluation. Textual layering in the form of reflective footnotes and issue boxes. plus specific reflective sections in the main text e.g. limitations and assumptions, help the text to achieve this goal. While the study was focused on the context of mathematics, science and technology education, it became apparent that the findings could be applied across all the learning areas.

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Boij, Anita. "Jorden är mörk och svart : Vad som rör pastorer i Svenska Missionsförbundet när de ska predika om samhället." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Theology, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3160.

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Boij, A. 2002: Jorden är mörk och svart. Vad som rör pastorer i Svenska Missionsförbundet när de ska predika om samhället. (The world is black and dark. What concerns pastors in the Mission Covenant Church of Sweden when they preach about society). Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Psychologia et Sociologia Religionum 16. 239 pp. Uppsala. ISBN 91-554-5488-7.

The dissertation reflects a study of what pastors in the Mission Covenant Church in Sweden say in their sermons about society and social responsibility and represents an attempt at finding factors such as gender, education, age, values, and faith behind what has been said in the sermons.

The results show that in general pastors have a negative picture of society irrespective of which of its aspects they are addressing. The pastors’ view of Christian responsibility for society is that it is primarily something for the individual to take, not for the congregation. Above all, Christian responsibility for society is about individual Christians' taking responsibility for her fellow human beings.

For theoretical clarification the findings are discussed within the framework of the concept of secularisation, following Casanova (1994) sub-divided into differentiation, decline of religion and privatisation. In the study differentiation is identified when pastors do not relate theological reflection to their description and analysis of society. Thus they do not provide an integrated system of meaning for everyday life. As for privatisation, even when pastors are mainly speaking about public events, they are unable to place those events in a religiously interpreted context. According to the pastors social problems are to be met with private and individual solutions through Christians' actions to the benefit of their fellow men.

The MCC is a part of what in Swedish can be called a popular movement, a kind of "social movement" or "voluntary organisation." The analysis shows that its pastors in their sermons do not embrace some of the central parts of the ideology that generally pertain to popular movements, namely concern with reforming society.

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Castillo, Daniel. "Statens förändrade gränser : En studie om sponsring, korruption och relationen till marknaden." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-31225.

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This thesis brings fresh light on the types of problems that contemporary democracies might face when interacting with private interests. More specifically, the study examines the separation between the state and private interests, based on the assumption that this separation is a precondition for maintaining democracy and legitimate governance. It is thereby a contribution towards understanding the social forces that allow private interests to penetrate the public realm, as well as the forces that protect the state from such penetration. Under which circumstances do private interests access state apparatus in ways that contradicts its universalistic principles? How does the state consider challenges against its legitimacy and how are such threats dealt with? These questions are answered by means of two case studies. The first concerns the interaction between a number of state authorities that receive sponsoring from business enterprises. The second concerns interaction - partially afflicted by corruption - between the state monopoly for selling alcoholic beverages (‘Systembolaget’) in Sweden and its private suppliers. Applying theories on organizational boundaries, exchange, trust, networks as well as legitimacy to these cases, the study demonstrates how state reforms, inspired by the logic of markets, has introduced new ways for private interest to access state affairs. In the case of ‘Systembolaget’, this is particularly evident. The possibility of access, the study argues, is a consequence of reshaping the internal boundaries of the state, broadening informal relations as well as extended scope of action for state employees. This replaced social differentiation as a mechanism of separation by the personal integrity of state employees. Interestingly, this finding should be considered in relation to how the state has attempted to sharpen its organizational boundaries through a strengthening of regulation and the businesslike relations of exchange.

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Hung, Auris Huang. "The concept of differentiated oneness and implications for Asian American families." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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Sousa, Agostinho Costa. "Contributo para a compreensão das condições de sucesso académico em jovens do concelho de Ponte de Lima." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29259.

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Ågren, Maria. "Jord och gäld : social skiktning och rättslig konflikt i södra Dalarna ca 1650-1850 /." Stockholm : Almqvist och Wiksell, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb366570406.

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Ferreira, Flavia de Melo Leonel. "Vila Nova: entre sonhos, grades e sobrevivência." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21671.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This research deals with the reality of the territorial context of the Vila Nova neighborhood in the municipality of Registro-SP. In the face of complexities we perceived, we sought to reflect on how particular are the expressions of social issues in that territory. Therefore, a brief literature review on the capitalist mode of production and the production and reproduction of unequal social relations was necessary. Within this discussion it was possible to think the role that the state plays in this context. The territory was presented through data, participant observation and research subjects’ narratives, which enabled an analysis of the social locus that it takes in the municipality and in the capitalist system. It reveals a territory affected by poverty, stigma, limited or no access to rights, police violence and a high incarceration rate. By discussing the relationship between the state and "social issues" through the life stories of the research subjects, it is possible to reconcile macro- and micro-level analysis presenting how this relationship occurs both in the broader capitalist context and in the particular context of Vila Nova and considering the conditions for the high incarceration rate of its residents. In the narratives of the subjects, the potentialities and possibilities of the territory become evident, demonstrating that Vila Nova is a place of many struggles and resistances
A presente pesquisa trata de leitura da realidade do contexto territorial do bairro Vila Nova no município de Registro/SP. Diante das complexidades percebidas, buscou-se refletir sobre como as expressões da questão social particularizam-se no território. Para tanto, foi necessária breve revisão bibliográfica sobre o Modo de Produção Capitalista e sobre a produção e reprodução de relações sociais desiguais. Dentro desta discussão foi possível pensar o papel ocupado pelo Estado neste contexto. A apresentação do território, realizada através de dados, observação participante e das narrativas dos sujeitos da pesquisa, permitiu analisar o local social que o território ocupa dentro do município e do sistema capitalista. Revela um território marcado pela pobreza, pelo estigma, pelo não acesso ou acesso precário a direitos, pela violência policial e pelo alto índice de encarceramento. Através das histórias de vida dos sujeitos da pesquisa é possível, ao tratar da relação entre o Estado e “questão social”, conciliar análise macro e micro ao apresentar como esta relação se dá tanto no contexto capitalista mais abrangente quanto no contexto particular da Vila Nova, e assim, pensar as condicionantes para o elevado índice de encarceramento de seus moradores. Nas narrativas dos sujeitos as potencialidades e possibilidades do território se evidenciam demonstrando que a Vila Nova é um local de muitas lutas e resistências

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Zirkle, Laura. "Differentiating behaviors among Spillane's forms of distributed leadership." Thesis, Gannon University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3607483.

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The purpose of this study was to identify what leadership behaviors are associated with each of Spillane's (2006) three conceptually distinct forms of distributed leadership, and to determine whether specific influence tactics (Yukl, Seifert & Chavez, 2008) are differentially associated with each form. A two-phased, mixed methods design was employed. The sampling frame for both phases included student affairs professionals in colleges and universities in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, which were primarily four-year, undergraduate, co-educational, residential institutions. In Phase I, focus groups identified behaviors exhibited by student affairs professionals working together to accomplish a task. The identified behaviors were crafted into leadership behavior statements. These statements were triangulated with Spillane's forms of distribution: The co-investigator associated the statements with Spillane's conceptual definitions; while concurrently, a survey of these statements was sent to distributed leadership experts asking them to rate the expected likelihood of the behaviors being demonstrated in each of Spillane's forms of distributed leadership. Subsequently, in Phase II, student affairs professionals were surveyed regarding leadership behaviors and influence behaviors. Both cluster and factor analytic techniques were employed to associate influence behaviors with Spillane's forms of leadership distribution. Factor analysis of the leadership behaviors were interpreted in light of the co-investigator's cluster analysis of the same data. Spillane's distinct forms of distributed leadership were not affirmed by this study. When practicing distributed leadership – the idea that multiple participants co-create a leadership experience – a universal, differentiated view may be overly simplistic.

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Pedersen, Alexander. "Ett sexuellt sökfält : En kvalitativ studie om socialt och sexuellt kontaktskapande på Grindr." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-107216.

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This study aims to understand how social and sexual relations are initiated, negotiated and constructed among homo- and bisexual men within a specific sexual field; the geo-social application Grindr. It’s based on qualitative and semi-structured interviews with six self-identified homosexual men in Sweden from various age groups and with various social backgrounds who are using, or has used, Grindr in order to initiate and establish contacts with other homo- and bisexual men. Of certain interest are their experiences of using the application and being a part of its social and sexual setting. In order to analyse the interviews, a combination of sexual script theory and sexual field theory has been used, together with Norbert Elias theories on the relationship between the established and the outsiders. The results indicate that Grindr is a refuge and safe space for homo- and bisexual men and queer persons from the social and sexual norms that prevails in a heteronormative society. As such, Grindr could be understood as a social and sexual field of its own, in which interpersonal scripts and negotiations are crucial for establishing contacts of various kinds. There is also a remarkable sexual stratification based on various sexual capitals that the users of Grindr use to position themselves in relation to each other in order to be regarded as desirable. One consequence of these “structures of desire” is that some personal and bodily qualities often are regarded in a less favourable way, sometimes with stigmatization and marginalization of groups of people as dire consequences of these structures of sexuality. There’s also a remarkable distinction, resistance and ambivalence against the heteronormative society and its cultural scenarios, but at the same time it was a necessary part in the collective self-image of being an outsider group.

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Baker, Joseph O., and Samuel Stroope. "Physical and Mental Health among Secular Americans: Differentiating between Atheists, Agnostics,and Nonaffiliated Believers." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/401.

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André-Bigot, Hélène. "D'eaux et de rêves : une identité en transformation : trois générations de pêcheurs de Sainte-Lucie, West-Indies." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0092.

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Cette recherche a pour objectif de dévoiler le sens des pratiques, des stratégies et des enjeux sociaux d'un groupe socio-professionnel. L'établissement d'un lien entre les dispositifs techniques, les formes d'organisation sociale et les systèmes de représentation, a été appréhendé par la prise en compte d'un temps court, mis en évidence par trois générations de pêcheurs. Le concept de génération retenu se réfère à la notion d'+ ideal-type. Le sens des transformations identitaires des pêcheurs et de leurs trajectoires, serait resté incompréhensible s'il n'avait été rapporté à une dynamique de société. C'est pourquoi, il fallait rechercher dans le temps long, de la période esclavagiste jusqu'à la prise en compte de l'état de la société Sainte-Lucienne contemporaine, le regard porté sur ce groupe par la société, révélateur des positions qui lui étaient assignées. Cette démarche a ainsi permis de rendre compte d'évolutions structurales plus larges qui se rapportent directement à la société Sainte-Lucienne : le passage d'une société indifférenciée à une societe différenciée. Cet état societal s'est repercuté sur les identités associées au métier de pêcheurs et, d'un groupe socialement indifferencié a émergé une profession. Ce travail a réservé une large part à l'analyse diachronique des techniques et des pratiques de pêche, ainsi qu'à celle des representations élaborées à propos de la nature et d'autrui (entre autres, l'étude des rêves et des pratiques de sorcellerie)
This research aims to reveal the meaning of practices, strategies end social goals of a socio-professional group. In order to establish a link between technical skills, forms of social organisation and the representation system used within this group, a focus was done on a short time approach consisting in a diachronic study of three fishermen generations. The concept of generation refers to the notion of +ideal-type ;. A wide perspective settled in a long time approach (from the period of slavery to the contemporary Saint-Lucian society) considering the internal dynamic of this society allowed us to understand simultaneously the sense of the changing identities and the transformations of the careers within the group of fishermen. This method underlined global structural modifications which are directly linked to the saint-lucian society : the switch from an undifferentiated society to a differentiated one. This modified identities associated with this profession. A profession emerged from a former socially undifferentiated group. This study left a large part to a diachronic analysis of techniques and fishing skills, as well as to the representations related to nature and the others (analysis of dreams and sorcery pratices)

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Mayaud, Isabelle. "Sciences de la musique sans frontières ? : Contribution à une sociologie du processus de primitivisation." Thesis, Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080007.

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Cette thèse analyse la division moderne des domaines des sciences de la musique et la hiérarchisation des répertoires musicaux qui lui est corrélative. La recherche s’appuie sur une enquête socio-historique menée à partir du cas français et sur plusieurs sources courant du début du XVIIème au milieu du XXème siècle. Elle mobilise des ressources manuscrites et imprimées (documents administratifs, archives savantes et muséales, actes de congrès et autres imprimés issus des Expositions universelles, archives du secteur de l’édition, pièces documentant la collecte et la conservation d’instruments de musique, de chansons et d’enregistrements sonores) qui sont traitées à l’aide de plusieurs méthodes (analyse lexicale, sociologie des textes, bases de données, ethnographie historique). L’enquête met en lumière une configuration de patrimonialisation de la musique pilotée par l’État-nation français, qui participe d’un processus de longue durée de différenciation du social par la musique. Des opérations de collecte et de conservation des objets de musique sont impulsées par le Second Empire et confortées par la Troisième République. Elles concourent à assigner certains répertoires, portés par des populations vivantes, à une anhistoricité – un en-deçà de l’histoire. Ce partage est analysé comme un système de domination symbolique institué par plusieurs administrations (Instruction publique, Commerce et Industrie, Beaux-Arts, Colonies), produit et reproduit par différent·e·s agent·e·s mandaté·e·s par l’État (Professeur·e·s, académicien·ne·s, conservateurs et conservatrices, dirigeant·e·s territoriaux)
In this dissertation, I analyse how, in the modern period, the different scientific domains dealing with music were divided, and how, at the same time, musical repertories were organised into a hierarchy. This research, focused on the French case, is based on a socio-historical enquiry and on several sources dating from the beginning of the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century. Those sources are both manuscript and printed, and range from administrative documents, scientific and museum archives, conference proceedings and other printed sources related to the Universal Exhibitions, to archives from the publishing sector and other pieces related to the collection and curating of musical instruments, songs and audio recordings. The following methods were mobilised : lexical analysis, textual sociology, databases and historical ethnography. The enquiry emphasizes a configuration of the process of making music a part of national heritage by the French State, which is also a long-term process of social differentiation through the music. Collecting and curating operations of musical objects were initiated by the Second Empire and consolidated by the Third Republic. These operations have contributed to make certain repertories anhistorical, kept in a zone below history. This separation is analysed as a symbolic domination system, which was enacted by several administrations (Public Instruction, Trading and Industry, Fine Arts, Colonies), produced and reproduced by different agents commissioned by the State (teachers and professors, academicians, curators, territorial leaders)

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Mayaud, Isabelle. "Sciences de la musique sans frontières ? : Contribution à une sociologie du processus de primitivisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080007.

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Cette thèse analyse la division moderne des domaines des sciences de la musique et la hiérarchisation des répertoires musicaux qui lui est corrélative. La recherche s’appuie sur une enquête socio-historique menée à partir du cas français et sur plusieurs sources courant du début du XVIIème au milieu du XXème siècle. Elle mobilise des ressources manuscrites et imprimées (documents administratifs, archives savantes et muséales, actes de congrès et autres imprimés issus des Expositions universelles, archives du secteur de l’édition, pièces documentant la collecte et la conservation d’instruments de musique, de chansons et d’enregistrements sonores) qui sont traitées à l’aide de plusieurs méthodes (analyse lexicale, sociologie des textes, bases de données, ethnographie historique). L’enquête met en lumière une configuration de patrimonialisation de la musique pilotée par l’État-nation français, qui participe d’un processus de longue durée de différenciation du social par la musique. Des opérations de collecte et de conservation des objets de musique sont impulsées par le Second Empire et confortées par la Troisième République. Elles concourent à assigner certains répertoires, portés par des populations vivantes, à une anhistoricité – un en-deçà de l’histoire. Ce partage est analysé comme un système de domination symbolique institué par plusieurs administrations (Instruction publique, Commerce et Industrie, Beaux-Arts, Colonies), produit et reproduit par différent·e·s agent·e·s mandaté·e·s par l’État (Professeur·e·s, académicien·ne·s, conservateurs et conservatrices, dirigeant·e·s territoriaux)
In this dissertation, I analyse how, in the modern period, the different scientific domains dealing with music were divided, and how, at the same time, musical repertories were organised into a hierarchy. This research, focused on the French case, is based on a socio-historical enquiry and on several sources dating from the beginning of the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century. Those sources are both manuscript and printed, and range from administrative documents, scientific and museum archives, conference proceedings and other printed sources related to the Universal Exhibitions, to archives from the publishing sector and other pieces related to the collection and curating of musical instruments, songs and audio recordings. The following methods were mobilised : lexical analysis, textual sociology, databases and historical ethnography. The enquiry emphasizes a configuration of the process of making music a part of national heritage by the French State, which is also a long-term process of social differentiation through the music. Collecting and curating operations of musical objects were initiated by the Second Empire and consolidated by the Third Republic. These operations have contributed to make certain repertories anhistorical, kept in a zone below history. This separation is analysed as a symbolic domination system, which was enacted by several administrations (Public Instruction, Trading and Industry, Fine Arts, Colonies), produced and reproduced by different agents commissioned by the State (teachers and professors, academicians, curators, territorial leaders)

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Brasil, Maria Cristina de Faria. "Espelhos e imagens: um estudo sobre o consumo e distinção de mulheres da “alta classe” gaúcha." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2012. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4616.

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O presente estudo tem como principal objeto de investigação e análise o consumo das mulheres de uma fração da “alta classe” do Rio Grande do Sul como forma de obtenção de prestígio e conseqüente fornecedor de símbolos de distinção. A tese parte da hipótese de que o consumo distintivo das mulheres pertencentes a uma fração da “alta classe” gaúcha é, em sua maioria, de bens imateriais que, agregados ao estilo de vida, incorporam um capital social e cultural inimitável, e não de bens conspícuos ou de luxo. A pesquisa compreendeu trabalho de campo, com a aplicação de questionários a 32 (trinta e duas mulheres) de uma fração da “alta classe” gaúcha, e após 6 (seis) entrevistas em profundidade, a fim de identificar quais os bens constituem veículos de interação e proporcionam fatores ou indicadores de distinção social, de que forma é realizada a escolha e classificação destes bens de consumo em detrimento de outros. Apresenta inicialmente o referencial teórico-metodológico para o desenvolvimento do estudo, conceitos como os de luxo, habitus de classe e de gosto articulando às estratégias da obtenção do prestígio e da distinção social. Em um segundo momento, o estudo traz uma análise do processo de acumulação de riqueza da “alta classe” rural gaúcha e suas transformações diante do processo de industrialização que fez emergir uma nova “alta classe”. Ainda neste capítulo problematizamos o discurso do senso comum e difundido pela mídia em relação ao consumo da “alta classe” a partir da exposição dos dados obtidos na pesquisa de campo. O estudo permitiu-nos concluir que o consumo de bens imateriais ou simbólicos é a principal estratégia de distinção social das mulheres da “alta classe” gaúcha, e que o padrão de consumo material que no discurso do senso comum, seria distintivo, a investigação demonstrou que para o grupo estudado não é elemento forte.
The present study has had as the main object of investigation and analysis the consumption of women from a fraction of the high-class of Rio Grande do Sul State as a way of obtaining some prestige and some consequential supplier of distinction symbols. The thesis is from the hypothesis that women’s distinctive consumption that belong to this fraction of “gaúcha” high-class is, in the most, referring to non-material possessions which based on their lifestyle, have been incorporated into social and cultural capital and no referring to luxury possessions. The research has been based on fieldwork with some questionnaires applied to 32 women from this fraction of “gaúcha” high-class and subsequently six interviews in order to identify what possessions are considered interactional resources and what ones provide some factors or indicators of social distinction, besides how the choice and the classifications of these consumptions possessions are made in relation to the others. Firstly it has been presented the theoretical-methodological framework for the development of that study, the concepts about luxury, habitus class and taste linking to some strategies of obtaining prestige and social distinction. Secondly the study has brought some analysis out about the process of amassing wealth of the “gaúcha” rural high-class and its transformations against industrialization process from that high-class has been emerged. In this chapter we have discussed about the common sense speech that has been spread by the media in relation to the high-class’ consumption through the exposition of research data. From this study we have concluded that the consumption of non-material or symbolic possessions is the main strategy of social distinction of “gaúcha” high-class women and that the standard of material consumption which in the common sense speech would be distinctive, the investigation has demonstrated it is not a strong element for the studied group.

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NOCENTE, MARCO. "“It is no longer the prison of the past”: narratives on prison governmentality." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/378180.

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La ricerca descrive la governamentalità carceraria attraverso l'analisi di lettere di detenuti “in lotta”. Una raccolta di testimonianze che racconta le occasioni e le difficoltà di resistere nel luogo del potere per eccellenza, che negli ultimi anni è diventato più sofisticato ed efficace. Per questa ragione il carcere diventa un punto di osservazione privilegiato dove è possibile ritrovare strategie di potere e controllo nelle loro forme più punitive e soft. Proseguendo il lavoro teorico degli studiosi di geografia carceraria e di criminologia critica, metto a fuoco lo spazio e il tempo come dimensioni per l'osservazione delle relazioni di potere e della governamentalità. In seguito, descrivo come il potere traccia i suoi confini in relazione a ciò che prevede e gli sfugge. Così, l'archivio degli opuscoli in cui sono contenute le lettere è uno spazio liminale contro-carcerario. Liminale, perché è il risultato dell'incontro tra i prigionieri e gli editori dell’opuscolo. Contro-carcerario, perché proviene da lotte che testimoniano la possibilità di creare ancora connessioni attraverso e oltre le mura. Il lavoro svolto si basa sulle esperienze descritte in una raccolta di lettere prodotte dal collettivo OLGa che copre gli ultimi 15 anni (2006-2021) e buona parte delle carceri italiane. Senza tralasciare il mio ruolo di editore dell'opuscolo propongo una seconda vita accademica per queste testimonianze, descrivendo una realtà che non è casuale né rappresentativa della popolazione generale, ma significativa considerando le posizioni oppositive di chi scrive e il loro rapporto con le logiche governamentali. Descrivo quindi coloro che hanno scritto negli opuscoli, le loro identità all'interno degli spazi codificati delle prigioni. Dopo aver descritto il materiale empirico, elaboro l'approccio narrativo utilizzato per analizzare le lettere e rifletto sulla mia posizione di studioso attivista ed ex tutor universitario in carcere. Nel corso dell'analisi delle lettere, introduco brevemente i ricordi del carcere del "passato", per poi dedicarmi al carcere di oggi, descrivendo in particolare le logiche di differenziazione provenienti dagli anni Settanta, e altre peculiarità dei regimi italiani rispetto alle logiche carcerarie manageriali internazionali. L'analisi si divide poi in due parti che riguardano, rispettivamente, il potere carcerario nelle sue logiche punitive e deterrenti e il potere nella sua espressione più soft e la sua capacità riproduttiva. Ogni parte contiene pratiche discorsive e spaziali: Nella prima descrivo la costruzione del nemico e gli usi spettacolarizzati del crimine e dei fenomeni criminali. Poi passo ai regimi in cui questi discorsi si cristallizzano, come il 41 bis e la massima sicurezza. La seconda parte descrive il meccanismo della ricompensa come tecnica di soft power; il ruolo della collaborazione e del trattamento individuale all'interno dei valori della riabilitazione. In seguito, descrivo il regime delle "celle aperte", dove il concetto di controllo e di libertà sarà discusso più in profondità. Nell'ultima parte mi lascio alle spalle la specificità dei regimi per comprendere alcune tendenze generali della governamentalità carceraria. Descrivendo tecniche vecchie e nuove volte a mantenere l'ordine e ad espandere un controllo sempre più pervasivo, mostro come la governamentalità del carcere e la sua logica di crescente differenziazione abbia prodotto individualizzazione ed eroso la solidarietà tra i prigionieri. Sottolineo anche una caratteristica della penologia, la burocratizzazione della pena, che crea sempre più distanza tra la società e la prigione. Per farlo, descrivo la videoconferenza come la nuova tecnologia che morde l'anima dei prigionieri invece della loro carne. La videoconferenza è l'emblema di una punizione che rinnova la sua legittimità mantenendo le sue logiche e civilizzandosi solo nelle sue forme espressive.
This research describes prison governmentality through the analysis of letters of prisoners “engaged in struggles”. A collection of testimonies which represent the opportunities and difficulties of resisting in the place of power par excellence, which in recent years has become more sophisticated and effective. For this reason, I consider prison as a relevant point of observation where it is possible to find power and control strategies in their most punitive and soft forms. Engaging theories of carceral geography and critical criminology scholars, I focus on space and time as the dimensions for the observation of power relations and governmentality. I then describe how power draws its boundaries in relation to what constantly escapes from its control and on the basis of what the power foresees as a future threat. Thus, the archive of booklets in which the letters are contained are liminal counter-carceral space. Liminal, because this research is the result of the encounter between prisoners and the editors of the collective. Counter-carceral, because it comes from struggles which seek to demonstrate that possibilities to create connections through and beyond the walls remain. The work conducted is based on the experiences described in a collection of letters produced by OLGa Collective covering the last 15 years (2006-2021) and most of the Italian prisons. Without neglecting my role as editor of the booklet, I propose a second academic life for these testimonies, describing a reality that is neither casual nor representative of the general population, but significant considering the writer's oppositional positions and their relationship with governmental logic. I then describe who are the writers, their identities within the codified spaces of prisons. After the relation between the empirical material and OLGa, I elaborate the narrative approach I engaged to analyse letters and my positionality as scholar activist and as ex-university tutor in prison. After describing the empirical material, I elaborate on the narrative approach used to analyse the letters and I reflect on my position as scholar-activist and former university tutor in prison. Throughout analysis of the letter, I briefly introduce the memories of the prison of “the past”, and then move to today's prison, describing particularly the differentiating logics coming from Seventies, and other Italian regimes peculiarities in relation to the international managerial prison logics. Then, the analysis is divided into two parts concerning, respectively, prison power in its punitive and deterrent logics and power in its softness and its reproductive capacity. Each part contains discursive and spatial practises: In the first part I describe the construction of the enemy and the spectacularised uses of crime and criminal phenomena. I then move to the regimes in which these discourses crystallise, such as 41 bis and Maximum security. The second part describes the reward mechanism as a soft power technique; the role of cooperation and individual treatment within the values of rehabilitation. I then describe the “open cells” regime, where the concept of control and freedom will be discussed more in depth. In the last part I leave behind the specificity of the regimes to understand some general tendencies of the prison governmentality. Describing old and new techniques aimed at maintaining order and expanding pervasive control, I show how prison governmentality and its logic of increasing differentiation has produced individualisation and eroded solidarity among prisoners. I also underline a feature of penology, the bureaucratisation of punishment, that creates a distance between society and prison. To do so, I describe videoconferencing as the new technology that bites the soul of prisoners instead of their flesh. Videoconferencing is the emblem of a punishment that renews its legitimacy while maintaining its logics and civilizing its expression.

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Barbosa, Attila Magno e. Silva. "Mudanças organizacionais e diferenciação social: os trabalhadores da indústria do alumínio primário paraense." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6669.

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Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
This study intends to examine to what extent the organizational changes in industry of primary aluminum, in the city of Barcarena, Pará, lead to worker s adhesion and results differentiation in the social identities of direct and outsourced workers. Outsourced workers have a different status in the workplace, which excludes them from the benefits offered by the companies. As a result, society has to deal not only with the fragility of the wage relationship, but also with the collapse of the principles that regulate sociability among workers. The thesis is that the company organizational changes produce the adhesion of direct workers to the organizational ideas cause give them a feeling of colective belonging, even when we take into consideration the reduction of the workers that productive by lean production processes. Fifteen interviews were conducted with each group of workers; two union leaders were also interviewed. Furthermore, were examined the collective agreement between the direct workers and the company, and that company s yearly reports, since 2003.
O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar em que medida as mudanças organizacionais ocorridas em uma indústria de alumínio primário no município de Barcarena, no Estado do Pará, promove a adesão dos trabalhadores e a diferenciação social entre trabalhadores diretos e terceirizados. Como se sabe, os terceirizados possuem estatuto diferenciado no espaço de trabalho, o que os exclui da rede de benefícios oferecida pelas empresas. Nesse sentido, a sociedade passa a conviver não apenas com a fragilidade presente na relação salarial, mas também com o desmoronamento dos princípios reguladores da sociabilidade entre os trabalhadores. A tese que defendemos é a de que as mudanças organizacionais implantadas a partir da década de 1990 na empresa produzem certa adesão dos trabalhadores diretos ao ideário organizacional da empresa por lhes conferir um sentido de pertença coletiva, mesmo quando se considera a redução dos quadros funcionais promovida pelas reestruturações produtivas. Foram realizadas 15 entrevistas com cada grupo de trabalhadores e duas entrevistas com dirigentes sindicais; também analisamos o acordo coletivo dos trabalhadores diretos com a empresa e os relatórios anuais desta desde o ano de 2003.

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Policarpo, Verónica Melo. "Telenovela brasileira : apropriação, género e trajectória familiar." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UC-Universidade de Coimbra -- -Faculdade de Economia, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29570.

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Girard, Denise. "Différenciation sociale et rituels du mariage : les Montréalais francophones, 1925-1940." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26066.pdf.

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Santos, Verônica de Barros. "Condições de acesso e permanência das mulheres no movimento sindical." Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, 2018. http://ri.ufs.br/jspui/handle/riufs/9250.

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This study is an analysis of the conditions of access and permanence of women in the trade union movement. The issue is framed in the discussions on the political participation of women and the cut is the trade union movement. Considering that the political and trade union fields have traditionally been dominated by men, and considering the increasing participation of women, we aim to investigate the constraints of their insertion in these spaces. To that end, we selected as a reality to be observed the category of Technical-Administrative in Education - TAE, formed by professionals that make up the administrative sphere of Brazilian public higher education institutions. The representation tables, previously composed predominantly by men, gradually changed with the presence of women. Because of these changes, we propose to think the mechanisms that justify them and frame the analysis from two perspectives. In the first, we place the category of TAE in front of the institution that represents it nationally, the Federation of Trade Unions of Technical-Administrative Workers in Public Higher Education Institutions of Brazil - FASUBRA Sindical. In this regard, we analyze the composition of the national leadership and the directorates/coordinations of the affiliated unions, taking into account the percentages and places occupied by men and women. In the second, we selected one of the affiliated unions, the Syndicate of Technical-Administrative Workers in Education of the Federal University of Sergipe - SINTUFS. We seek to understand the conditions of access and permanence of women with the focus on the relational aspects around the engagement of the militants. The study was guided by the sociology of militancy and the gender approach, and the main concepts and notions employed were: trajectories, careers, sexual division of labor, militant engagement and social bonds. We use different methodological strategies, such as document consultation, questionnaire application, participant observation and biographical interview. We have identified the presence of many women in the directorates/coordinations of FASUBRA's basic institutions. However, differences were also observed in the number of places occupied by men and women. The social ties and some experiences found in women's itineraries have emerged as a mechanism to explain their entry and stay in union leadership. Among the types of links, the personalities were more relevant, and educational experiences were the most significant resources for engagement. We find that, in general, the increase of women in the trade union movement is associated with their participation in the labor market and the cultural and social transformations that affect the role of women in society. The unionists justified that the awareness of the need to occupy political spaces by women and, especially, the commitment to the working class were the reasons for their militant engagement.
Este estudo é uma análise das condições de acesso e permanência das mulheres no movimento sindical. A temática está enquadrada nas discussões sobre a participação política das mulheres e o recorte é o movimento sindical. Considerando que os campos político e sindical foram tradicionalmente dominados pelos homens, e considerando a crescente participação de mulheres, objetivamos investigar os condicionantes da inserção delas nesses espaços. Para tanto, selecionamos como realidade a ser observada a categoria dos Técnico-Administrativos em Educação - TAE, formada pelos profissionais que compõem a esfera administrativa das instituições de ensino superior público brasileiro. Os quadros de representação, antes compostos predominantemente por homens, aos poucos sofreram modificações com a presença das mulheres. Em razão dessas mudanças, propomos pensar os mecanismos que as justificam e enquadramos a análise sob duas perspectivas. Na primeira, situamos a categoria dos TAE frente à instituição que a representa nacionalmente, a Federação de Sindicatos de Trabalhadores Técnico-Administrativos em Instituições de Ensino Superior Públicas do Brasil - FASUBRA Sindical. Nesse aspecto, analisamos a composição da direção nacional e das direções/coordenações dos sindicatos filiados, levando em consideração os percentuais e os lugares ocupados por homens e mulheres. Na segunda, selecionamos um dos sindicatos filiados, o Sindicato dos Trabalhadores Técnico-Administrativos em Educação da Universidade Federal de Sergipe – SINTUFS. Buscamos apreender as condições de acesso e permanência das mulheres com o enfoque nos aspectos relacionais em torno do engajamento das militantes. O estudo foi norteado a partir da sociologia da militância e da abordagem de gênero, e os principais conceitos e as noções empregados foram: trajetórias, carreiras, divisão sexual do trabalho, engajamento militante e vínculos sociais. Utilizamos diferentes estratégias metodológicas, tais como, a consulta a documentos, a aplicação de questionário, a observação participante e a entrevista biográfica. Identificamos a presença de muitas mulheres nas direções/coordenações das instituições de base da FASUBRA. Contudo, também foi observado diferenças em relação aos lugares ocupados por homens e por mulheres. Os vínculos sociais e algumas experiências encontradas nos itinerários das mulheres emergiram como mecanismo que servem para explicar a entrada e a permanência delas na liderança sindical. Entre os tipos de vínculos, os pessoais tiveram maior relevância, e as experiências educacionais foram os recursos mais significativos para o engajamento. Constatamos que, de modo geral, o aumento de mulheres no movimento sindical está associado à participação delas no mercado de trabalho e às transformações culturais e sociais que envolvem o papel da mulher na sociedade. As sindicalistas justificaram que, a conscientização da necessidade de ocupação dos espaços políticos pelas mulheres e, principalmente, o compromisso com a classe trabalhadora foram os motivos do seu engajamento militante.
São Cristóvão, SE

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Louvion, Alexis. "Blanchir les zones grises de l'emploi : le portage salarial, extension ou détournement des institutions salariales ?" Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED055.

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Cette thèse étudie l’hybridation des statuts d’emploi à travers le portage salarial, mécanisme qui permet à des travailleurs indépendants de disposer du statut de salarié par la signature d’un contrat de travail avec un tiers employeur. En s’appuyant sur une enquête par entretiens, observations, et analyse documentaire (contrats de travail, jurisprudences, textes de loi, articles de presse), la thèse, qui se situe au carrefour de la sociologie du travail et de l’emploi, de la sociologie économique et de la sociologie du droit, entreprend d’analyser les différentes étapes de la chaîne de production et d’appropriation de ce salariat particulier. Elle retrace ainsi la co-construction juridique et législative du dispositif, étudie la manière dont les entreprises de portage font commerce de cette forme d’emploi, et analyse les bricolages faits par des travailleurs qui tentent de tirer parti de la situation hybride dans laquelle ils se trouvent
Through the umbrella companies’ example, this thesis analyses self-employed and employed work evolutions. Based on interviews, ethnographic material and a document review, this thesis follows retraces how this employment relationship is produced and uses by different actors. The first part focuses on the legal construction of this specific form of employment, and its integration to standard employment. The second part is based on an analysis of third-party employer strategies. The last part shows how this type of employment is used by workers for securing career paths, but helps to consolidate the inequalities

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Duschka, Johannes. "Differentiation Theory and the Sociology of Religion and Secularity: Workshop Report." 2020. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74215.

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Report of a hybrid Workshop on “Differentiation Theory and the Sociology of Religion and Secularity” on 8 and 9 October 2020 hosted by the Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences (CASHSS) “Multiple Secularities – Beyond the West, Beyond Modernities” at Leipzig University and organised by the CASHSS's directors Christoph Kleine and Monika Wohlrab-Sahr together with Daniel Witte from the University of Bonn.

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Zemmin, Florian. "How (Not) to Take ‘Secularity’ Beyond the Modern West: Reflections from Islamic Sociology." 2019. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36128.

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Debates about the usability of the concept of ‘secularity’ in academic research are not merely theoretical. Standpoints are also politically informed and arguments are sometimes emotionally charged. To some, merely using the term ‘secularity’ seems to inflict violence upon certain objects of research or even upon themselves. Others object to applying the concept beyond a particular arrangement of secularity, lest that defense-worthy arrangement be undermined. Taking a step back, however, the actual hermeneutical problem and historical question still seems rather clearly to be this: is it possible to uncouple the link between secularism as a political regime and secularity as an analytical concept with broader historical purchase? In this paper, I argue that the basic approach of Multiple Secularities is indeed the commendable way forward, but could be refined and improved, also by learning from the valid points of its critical alternatives. Thus, this paper aspires to shed light on two basic questions, namely, how to take ‘secularity’ beyond the modern West, and, as a logical prior, why take ‘secularity’ beyond the modern West in the first place?

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KAO, FENG-YING, and 高鳳英. "The Differentiation between Compulsory Indecency (§224 Criminal Code) and Sexual Harassment Crime (§25 Prevention of Sexual Harassment Act)- Under Ascepts of Sociology of Law." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29600688301959779802.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
97
The interpretation and application of Compulsory Indecency (§224 Criminal Code) has originally been difficult and controversial because some important problems, such as abstract, indefinite interest and how to understand the components factors, cannot be solved. However, after the pass of Prevention of Sexual Harassment, Sexual Harassment Crime added in Article 25, the interpretation and application of the law is more confusing. In addition to the definitions of the two crimes themselves, more issues, such as how to differentiate and integrate the two crimes and how to draw the dividing line, have been raised theoretically and practically. It seems limited to adopt only explain the components factors to approach the issue. Hence, in this study, the researcher tried to include the methodology of sociology in order to make the discussion close to people’s life in the society. This research is divided into 5 chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction of the motivation, purpose, methodology and the range of this study. Chapter 2 is a discussion of all the problems related to Compulsory Indecency, including the change of interest after the revision of the law, the analysis of components factors and the research of intention. In chapter 3, the researcher tried to sum up the characteristics of Sexual Harassment Crime from the arguments of other countries, and then induce the elements of Sexual Harassment Crime and the legislative responsibility of the country. The discussion can be applied to our country and taken into consideration when the new law is made. In chapter 4, the researcher used the methods of social studies and collected the actual data to develop the standards of distinguishing the two crimes. Besides, three controversial cases were inspected and analyzed according to these standards. Chapter 5 is the conclusion and the advice for amendment of law.

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"The differentiation of father-daughter incest cases from child physical abuse cases in an United States Air Force Family Advocacy sample." Tulane University, 1990.

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The reason why violence takes different forms in different families is not clearly understood in terms of predictive individual and family features. This study attempted to identify significant clinical variables that distinguished father-daughter incest families from child physical abuse families in an United States Air Force sample. Air Force Family Advocacy Officers performed a retrospective review of 135 substantiated military child maltreatment cases by answering a questionnaire adapted for this study to reflect the point-of-view of the clinician from five well known self-report inventories. The most pronounced difference between the two maltreatment groups was the higher level of overt conflict demonstrated by the child physical abuse families compared to the father-daughter incest families. Child physical abuse families were also found to be more controlling than their counterparts. On the other hand, fathers who sexually molested their daughters were rated as significantly more paranoid-like and socially introverted plus were involved in less satisfying marriages when compared to physically abusive fathers. No significant differences between maltreatment groups were discovered in terms of expressiveness in the family, alcohol abuse by the father, or self-esteem of the wives. Implications for treatment and prevention programs as well as further research are discussed
acase@tulane.edu

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Lafrenière, Catherine. "Délinquance des filles et délinquance des garçons : différence dans les comportements ou différence dans la gestion des comportements? Une étude du point de vue des intervenants." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8348.

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La délinquance juvénile a été souvent dépeinte de façon globale sans distinction de genre, ou encore, elle fut décrite principalement chez les garçons. Constater la faible représentation des adolescentes prises en charge en vertu de la Loi sur le système de justice pénale pour adolescents, comparativement aux garçons, conduit vers diverses explications. Certaines mettent l’accent sur la personne, arguant que la délinquance des filles est différente de celle des garçons, moins fréquente et surtout moins violente. D’autres mettent l’accent sur le traitement des instances judiciaires qu’on dit protectionniste vis-à-vis des filles, ce qui fait qu’on les dirige plutôt vers le système de Protection de la jeunesse pour troubles de comportement. Devant cette divergence d’explication, nous avons cherché à comprendre si la faible représentation des filles dans le système de justice pénale pour adolescent est due aux comportements des adolescents en tant que tels, ou à la manière dont leurs comportements sont perçus et gérés par les intervenants oeuvrant auprès de ces jeunes impliqués dans des situations-problèmes, lesquelles sont susceptibles ou non, d’être judiciarisées. Notre étude pose un regard sur l’enclenchement du processus judiciaire auquel des adolescents se trouvent confrontés, c’est-à-dire leur arrestation ou leur signalement à une instance officielle, sous l’angle de la représentation sociale des jeunes par les intervenants. Pour ce faire, nous avons rencontré des intervenants du milieu scolaire, puisque l’école se situe au deuxième rang des signalants vers le système de prise en charge des adolescents en difficulté, après les parents. Nous leur avons présenté des cas-types, sous forme de vignettes, visant à saisir leurs perceptions et réactions vis-à-vis des situations-problèmes impliquant des adolescentes et des adolescents, en souhaitant déterminer si celles-ci varient en fonction du genre. Bien qu’en théorie la vision des interviewés quant à la délinquance juvénile soit assez uniforme, et ce, peu importe le sexe du délinquant, nos résultats montrent qu’en pratique, il y a un double standard. Ainsi, si les règles sont conçues pour tous et les conséquences de leur non-respect doivent en principe s’appliquer également sans distinction, lorsqu’il s’agit d’intervenir, les interviewés conviennent que leur approche diffère selon qu’ils aient affaire à une fille ou à un garçon. Par ailleurs, ils déplorent le manque criant de ressources et questionnent la volonté de certains parents de contribuer à la réussite scolaire de leur enfant. Ultimement, ils remettent en cause, dans une large mesure, le système éducatif québécois. En tant qu’acteurs sociaux, les intervenants ont le pouvoir de faire valoir leur point de vue. L’analyse de ce point de vue, dans le cadre de notre mémoire, montre l’importance de leur rôle dans le parcours des adolescents, garçons et filles, plus spécialement lorsque ceux-ci se trouvent impliqués dans des situations-problèmes.
Juvenile delinquency has often been described in a global way, without any distinction regarding the gender, or it has been described mainly regarding teenage boys. The fact that there is a low representation of teenage girls taken in charge according to the Youth Criminal Justice Act, compared to teenage boys, leads to several explanations. Some, focusing on the individual aspects, point out that girl delinquency is different, less frequent and especially less violent. Others are pointing out how protectionist the judicial proceedings are towards girls, which leads them to be referred mostly to child protection for behaviour disorders. Considering this difference in the explanations, we wanted to understand if the low representation of girls in the youth criminal justice system was due to teenage behaviour itself, or to the way behaviours were perceived and dealt with by the interveners working with these teenagers involved in problemsituations, which could possibly be subject, or not, to judicial control. Our study looks at the start of the judicial process which teenagers must face, meaning their arrest or their reporting to an official organization, from the point of view of the interveners and how they perceive the teenagers. In order to do this, we have met school interveners, because schools are ranked second after the parents for referring teenagers to the system that will take charge of them. We have presented them with test cases in order to have their perceptions and reactions concerning problematic situations involving teenage girls and boys, aiming to determine if it would vary according to the gender. Even if in theory the vision of the interviewed persons concerning juvenile delinquency is somewhat uniform, regardless of the offender’s sex, our results show that in practice, there is a double standard. Therefore, if the rules are made for all and the consequences of not obeying them are equal without gender distinction, when it comes to the way they act on it, interveners agree that their approach is different if they are dealing with a girl or a boy. Incidentally, they are concerned about the critical lack of resources and question the will of some parents to assist their kids towards school success. Ultimately, they are substantially questioning Quebec’s educational system. As social stakeholders, interveners have some power to promote their point of view. The analysis of this point of view in the framework of our thesis, shows the importance of their role in the path of the teenagers, boys and girls, especially when they are involved in problematic situations.

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Valois, Martine. "Évolution du droit et de la fonction de juger dans la tradition juridique occidentale : une étude sociohistorique de l’indépendance judiciaire." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4372.

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Dans sa thèse, l’auteure analyse la fonction du système judiciaire dans le système juridique selon une double perspective historique et sociologique. Cette approche possède un potentiel euristique important, car elle révèle que la place réservée à la production judiciaire du droit se modifie au gré de la conception que se fait la société de l’origine et de la légitimité du droit. Grâce à la méthodologie proposée par la théorie des systèmes, il est possible d’analyser le phénomène de la montée en puissance des juges dans sa dimension scientifique, en substituant une interprétation sociologique à celle, traditionnelle, formulée par la science politique. Grâce à une réappropriation de la justice par la science juridique, la production judiciaire du droit peut être étudiée dans une perspective systémique. Celle-ci démontre la situation névralgique occupée par la fonction de juger dans le système juridique. Par le biais d’un retour aux sources de la fonction de juger, l’auteur identifie les stratégies empruntées par les titulaires de cette fonction pour maintenir et légitimer leur position dans l’organisation du système juridique. La thèse démontre que le discours judiciaire de la Cour suprême du Canada sur la norme d’indépendance judiciaire homologue la théorie de la place centrale du système judiciaire dans le système juridique. La thèse conclut enfin que des conditions sociologiques sont nécessaires pour assurer l’indépendance judiciaire et garantir la primauté du droit. Ces conditions sont la différenciation sociale, une structure de programme juridique conditionnelle et la limitation de la responsabilité des juges pour l’impact de leurs décisions dans le système social.
This thesis examines the function of the judiciary in the legal system in a historical and sociological perspective. Through the lens of history and sociology, the author reviews and considers the changes in the role of the judge in the development of law. The heuristic benefit of this approach borrowed from history and systemic theory, is invaluable. Firstly, it demonstrates that the place reserved for the judicial creation of law in the legal system is tributary to what is considered as the source and legitimacy of law. Secondly, it sets in an evolutionary perspective the significant changes that occurred in the development of law and the judicial function. The characterization of the judicial function evolves from a political science’s viewpoint to a legal perspective. Through this reappropriation by the legal science, the judicial production of law can now be examined in its systemic function. As well, exploration of the sources of the function of justice renders possible and understanding of the rationale used by judges throughout history to legitimize their position in the legal system. The thesis supports the proposition that, along with legal conditions relating to the status of judges, a set of sociological conditions must exist in order for judicial independence to be fully protected and the rule of law upheld. These conditions are social differentiation, a structure of conditional programs for law, and limitation in the social system of the responsibility and accountability of judges following the fulfillment of their judicial function. Finally, in the final stage of her socio-historical research, the author demonstrates how the current judicial interpretation of the conditions for judicial independence enhances the theoretical foundations that situate the judicial function at the centre of the legal system.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Differentiation (Sociology)'

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