Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Difficulties adoption of statement'

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
As a new element to align international accounting practices, the Federal Accounting Council, through Resolution 1.255/2009 CFC approved the NBC T 19:41 which deals specifically with the rules of accounting in small and medium enterprises, for use in the financial statements for general purpose of this category of companies. In the context presented, this study aimed to investigate what are the main factors that influenced the Accounting Offices in the preparation, preparation and dissemination of financial statements of their clients, in view of the mandatory application of the CPC SMEs from the year ended December 31, 2010. Additionally highlight the major internal and external factors that influenced the adoption of Statement SMEs, and verify the behavior of society and accounting manager before the new requirement in the Financial Statements in the format CPC SMEs and their level of knowledge about such pronouncement SMEs. The research was exploratory in nature, using the qualitative method, using as a procedure for data collection, in-depth interviews with four partners of accounting firms. The data collected were processed through content analysis using NVivo software. The main results of the data analysis showed that most respondents offices is not motivated to adopt the pronouncement, making him only under special circumstances. The vision priority is the maintenance of tax rules and practices that continue to influence the accounting results, since the internal user is who else uses the accounting information, and not the external. We conclude that the absence of severe penalties for both companies, and for the offices and the lack of customer interest in the majority of SMEs, as well as offices in the tradition of meeting the fiscal aspects, precisely because of the hefty fines, potentiate untimely adoption. Ignorance on the part of the accountants of the differences between the CPC and CPC Full SMEs or full model, where the latter allows a greater economic result for the company, improving its performance indicators economics and finance, is a strong indication of the need for knowledge deep study of both pronouncements, to decide on which pronouncement adopt. Another factor is the Internal Revenue Service of Brazil did not accept the new accounting standard as the baseline for calculating federal taxes, where companies that adopted the standard CPC SMEs have to make several adjustments in order to nullify any impact that may be with the adoption of the new accounting standard on the base for calculating the taxes due.
Como novo elemento para alinhamento internacional das práticas contábeis, o Conselho Federal de Contabilidade, através da Resolução CFC 1.255/2009, aprovou a NBC T 19.41 que trata especificamente sobre as regras aplicáveis na contabilidade de pequenas e médias empresas, para aplicação nas demonstrações contábeis para fins gerais desta categoria de empresas. No contexto apresentado, este trabalho objetivou investigar quais são os principais fatores que influenciaram os Escritórios Contábeis na preparação, elaboração e divulgação das demonstrações financeiras de seus clientes, em vista da obrigatoriedade de aplicação do CPC PME à partir do exercício findo em 31 de dezembro de 2010. Complementarmente evidenciar os principais fatores internos e externos que influenciaram na adoção do Pronunciamento PME, e verificar o comportamento da sociedade contábil e empresária perante a nova exigência nas Demonstrações Contábeis no formato CPC PME e seu nível de conhecimento sobre o referido pronunciamento PME. A pesquisa realizada foi de natureza exploratória, com o uso do método qualitativo, utilizando como procedimento para a coleta de dados, entrevistas em profundidade com quatro sócios de escritórios de contabilidade. Os dados coletados foram tratados por meio da análise de conteúdo com a utilização do software NVIVO. Como principais resultados a análise dos dados apontou que a maioria dos escritórios questionados não está motivada a adotar o pronunciamento, fazendo-o apenas por força de situações especiais. A visão prioritária é a manutenção das práticas e regras fiscais que continuam influenciando os resultados contábeis, uma vez que o usuário interno é quem mais utiliza a informação contábil, e não o externo. Conclui-se que a ausência de penalidades severas tanto para as empresas, quanto para os escritórios e a falta de interesse dos clientes na maioria de PME, bem como a tradição dos escritórios em atender aos aspectos fiscais, justamente por conta das pesadas multas, potencializam a adoção intempestiva. O desconhecimento por parte dos contadores das diferenças entre o CPC PME e o CPC Full ou modelo completo, onde este último possibilita um resultado econômico maior para a empresa, melhorando os seus indicadores de performance econômico-financeira, é um indicativo forte da necessidade de um conhecimento profundo e estudo de ambos os pronunciamentos, para decidir sobre qual pronunciamento adotar. Outro fator preponderante é o da Receita Federal do Brasil não aceitar o novo padrão contábil como base inicial de cálculo dos tributos federais, onde as empresas que adotaram o padrão CPC PME têm que efetuar diversos ajustes como forma de anular todo e qualquer impacto que possa haver com a adoção do novo padrão contábil na base de cálculo dos tributos devidos.

In this study, I examine whether the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in a country where local Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) is of similar quality to IFRS is associated with changes in the comparability of financial statements. I also investigate the sources of any changes in the comparability of financial statements. I use data from South Africa, where, word for word, prior to the mandatory adoption of IFRS, local GAAP was the same as IFRS, and enforcement remained unchanged. I use two different measures of comparability, one based on accounting data (accruals-cash flow measure) and the other based on both accounting data and market data (earnings-return measure). I compare South African firms with two different groups, namely other mandatory IFRS adopters and non-adopters. My data show evidence of an increase in the comparability of the financial statements of South African firms with those of both adopters (both measures) and non-adopters (the earnings-return measure) following the mandatory adoption of IFRS. In additional analysis, I found a global increase in the comparability of firms' financial statements that is consistent with market changes unrelated to IFRS adoption as one of the sources of the increase in comparability. Moreover, an incremental increase in the comparability of the financial statements of South African firms after the mandatory adoption of IFRS, relative to the increase in the comparability of the financial statements of non-adopting firms, is consistent with benefits from using the IFRS "label" and with the expanded IFRS network as sources of increased comparability.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Accounting
PhD
Unrestricted

This study examines issues relating to the mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) by Greek listed companies. Initially, the impact of transition, as a result of differences between IFRS and Greek GAAP, on the first IFRS financial statements in 2005 is assessed. Then, a disclosure index is constructed, containing all the disclosure items mandated by the IFRS extant at the end of April 2006. Based on this research instrument, and two disclosure index methods, compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosures in their first year of implementation is examined. A review of disclosure theories, the features of the Greek financial reporting system, and considerations regarding the timing of the research are used as a basis for establishing a priori expectations and testing the potential factors explaining compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosures. Subsequently, any change in the value relevance of accounting information before and immediately after IFRS mandatory implementation is examined. Whether the reconciliation statements required by IFRS 1 provided value relevant information to investors is also explored. Finally, the valuation implications of IFRS mandatory disclosures are explored. The above analyses indicate the following. Greek listed companies’ financial statements were affected significantly by the adoption of IFRS. The average level of compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosures approximates to 80%. The impact on net income and shareholders’ equity, as a result of the transition to IFRS, as well as audit firm size, are significantly associated with the extent to which companies comply. No change in the value relevance of accounting information between 2004 and 2005 is identified. Reconciliation adjustments are incrementally value relevant and levels of mandatory disclosures do have valuation effects. Based on the findings of the above analyses, the study contributes to the relevant literature and discusses policy implications. It also concludes with suggestions for further research and recommendations on the methods for measuring compliance with IFRS mandatory disclosures.

The goal of the master's thesis is to prepare the opening statement of financial position according to the International Financial Reporting Standards. The theoretical part commences with the analysis of the current regulation of IFRS in the Czech Republic. Then follows the explanation of conditions and reasons for transition to IFRS. In the end of the theoretical part, the process of transition is explained as well as the application of IFRS 1. The practical part deals with the detail analysis of the individual line items of the statement of financial position according to the Czech GAAP. There also analyzed the relevant regulation of individual line items according to IFRS as well as performed adjustments required from the entity in order to transition to IFRS.

The participation of children and young people (CYP) in decisions affecting them is high on the political agenda. CYP with special educational needs (SEN) in the form of social, emotional and behavioural difficulties (SEBD) continue to be under-represented in the literature with regard to participation and sharing their views. CYP with a statement of SEN must be formally reviewed on an annual basis, which is referred to as the annual statement review (ASR). The current research investigates how CYP with SEBD are presently participating in this formal and regular process that involves reviewing, decision-making and planning around their individual needs. A multiple case study was carried out, which involved two educational provisions, a resource based provision and a special provision, both for CYP with SEBD. Participants included the special educational needs coordinator (SENCo) in each provision, two CYP from the resource based provision, and one CYP from the special provision. Each of the three CYP were the focus of each individual case, with the two CYP from resource based provision being in Key Stage 2 and the individual CYP in special provision in Key Stage 4 of the National Curriculum. Main methods of data collection were semi-structured interview and observation throughout the ASR process. Data was analysed using thematic and content analysis. From a critical realist perspective, the investigation revealed that current practice to enable CYP with SEBD to participate in their ASR was found to be good, although it was proposed it could be better. This overall finding is based on the perspective that CYP should have the opportunity to make an impact on the ASR process as well as the outcome through decision-making, no matter how small the decision is that they are involved with. This was not always the case in the current practice examined in the study, more so with the younger CYP attending the resource based provision. The findings contribute to developing a good practice model for schools to support CYP with SEBD to effectively participate in review, decision-making and planning around their needs in statutory processes. A further research opportunity would be to investigate such practice in specialist provision for CYP with SEBD on a wider scale by using the survey design, to consider the current findings in a wider context.

Children with Statements of Special Educational Needs (SSEN) are among the most vulnerable pupils within mainstream schools. However, few studies have attempted to understand the day-to-day educational experiences of such children. Whilst researchers have considered the barriers that parents and schools face in terms of gaining a SSEN; there is little research about the ways in which schools plan and provide for pupils with SSEN and how they rate the support they receive. A key aim of this study was to explore the experiences that two children with a SSEN for Moderate Learning Difficulties (MLD) had in two mainstream primary schools. The secondary aim was to ascertain whether the support put in place for the pupils was related to the objectives set out in their SSEN. Finally, the researcher sought to explore the views that the pupils with a SSEN had about the support they received in school. A Case Study framework was adopted to address these questions. Two pupils with a SSEN for MLD enrolled in year 5 mainstream classroom were invited to take part in the study. Systematic observations were completed over the course of a week and semi-structured interviews were carried out with school staff and the pupils' parents. The pupils' views were obtained via a participatory activity and a semi-structured interview. Interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that the pupils with SSENs had considerably different learning experiences in comparison to their typically developing peers. The target pupils spent almost half of their time outside the classroom and as suggested by other researchers (Blatchford et al, 2009b) the TAs had a crucial role in providing direct pedagogical support to them. There were notable differences between the comparison group and the target pupils in terms of working in groups and accessing peers, which raised questions about the target pupils' sense of belonging within their school.

It is claimed that during the 1960s and 1970s a new chapter in the history of English Religious Education (hereafter RE) began. Christian Confessionalism, whereby children were introduced to, nurtured in, and encouraged to adopt, the Christian faith, was swept aside and replaced by a non-confessional, phenomenological, multi-faith model, in which children were introduced to a variety of World Religions, with the aim that they would become more understanding of and tolerant towards others. Subsequently the study of World Religions (hereafter SWR) was adopted at all phases of the school system. Whilst this transition has been subjected to a wealth of historical analysis, existing accounts concentrate on narrative reconstructions of what happened, rather than investigating the complex interaction of discourses that created circumstances in which the change became possible. By framing analysis within national boundaries these reconstructions also overlook supranational influences. Thus, the supranational ecumenical movement (concerned with achieving greater unity and co-operation between denominationally separated Christian groups) has hitherto been largely overlooked. Drawing on Michel Foucault’s historical methods, I have developed a critical methodology, which examines how certain practices become possible. This method, Statement Archaeology, follows Foucault in emphasizing ‘discontinuities’, ‘statements’, and the search for the ‘relative beginnings’ of particular practices. Deploying the method entailed a detailed forensic exploration of relevant primary, unutilized, sources drawn from relevant domains of ecumenical discourses at both supranational (World Council of Churches) and national (British Council of Churches) levels. These sources were identified by tracing the provenance, and origin, of ecumenical statements repeated within Schools Council Working Paper 36 (1971). A ‘compound’ framework of understanding, combining the notions of Governmentality and Normalization, has been used. The thesis presents a number of original contributions to knowledge. By focusing on the multiple intersections of supranational and national domains of ecumenical discourse, Statement Archaeology reveals a much greater level of complexity than has hitherto been described and exposes a more nuanced understanding of how it became possible for SWR to be adopted, suggesting that the ‘relative beginnings’ of the practice are located—to some extent—in national ecumenical discourses. Further, supranational issues that affected these processes are unearthed, and motivations behind them are exposed, thus highlighting the importance of incorporating ecumenical discourses into the historiography of RE. The research also problematizes some assertions that have become characteristic of the existing historical narrative. Amongst other things, it disputes the existing positioning of Working Paper 36, highlights the problematic positioning of ‘mass immigration’ as a causal factor in adoption of SWR, and exposes a complexity of terminology, none of which appear to have been examined previously. These findings have application both in England and elsewhere, and are briefly discussed in relation to two other national contexts where approaches akin to SWR have been adopted. Finally, the limitations of the study are discussed and recommendations made for further work.

I have worked my whole career with children presenting with what is now refer to as ‘social, emotional and behavioural difficulties’ (SEBD) and I feel I have gained much expertise in this field. One of the ongoing problems of working in the field is that although much good work is done with the children and many strategies, that seem to work well, are intuitively used by experienced teachers, there is little research to back this experiential approach. Therefore there is a lack of evidence- based practice as to what works with these young people and even less evidence about what the children think works for them. Researchers in the field, Cooper and Jacobs (2011, p3) state ‘The paucity of literature was in itself significant given not only the current widespread concern about addressing emotional and behavioural difficulties within schools in England but also the ready acceptance of a relatively small number of initiatives, which have an identifiable structure in terms of training courses and anecdotal evidence of efficacy but negligible support in terms of research studies’. They conclude their ‘International Review’ suggesting, ‘There is relatively little independent research and evaluation on curriculum provision for permanently excluded pupils below key stage 4. Apart from notable examples such as Hayden and Ward (1996) the experiences of such pupils also do not feature in recent literature’ (Cooper and Jacobs, 2011,p.23). Fletcher-Campbell and Wilkin (2003,p.3) concur that, ‘ the sources upon which this review draws were limited to post-1994 literature. It became apparent that a considerable number of the post-1994 sources identified focused on statistical trends, causes, and preventative work in mainstream schools, rather than on provision for excluded pupils.’ Working in this area gives me a great opportunity to study some aspects that may add to the current research on the provision for excluded pupils. The other interest I have is to explore if the same approaches work for or can change behaviours in Looked After Children. This vulnerable group of young people are growing in numbers and schools are often ill equipped to manage the emotional and behavioural fallout of being a Looked After Child. Dowling et al. (2012,p.4) would suggest, ‘with the exception of a few important local studies, there remains a noticeable lack of research knowledge regarding the numbers, characteristics and experiences of this vulnerable group of children looked after by social services. In our school the number of looked after children is growing year on year and I thought it timely that we investigate if what we do not only helps change behaviours in children with SEBD but in children with SEBD who are also Looked After. According to VOIPIC (2012,p.2) ‘There is a gap in research, investment and services which leave Looked After Children/Care Leavers in Northern Ireland doubly disadvantaged.’ In a school such as ours we are in a prime position to help fill this research gap and improve the life chances of this very vulnerable group of young people.

This diploma thesis deals with application of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS SME) in conditions of a certain manufacturing company. First parts of the thesis are focused on identification of differences between IFRS SME and full IFRS as well as on IFRS SME concept compared to the Czech and Dutch GAAP. Practical part aims to analyze the overall process of first Standard's adoption that is linked to necessary modification of company's accounting policies. The goal of this part is also to prepare Statements of financial position covering two accounting periods after the transition date. In one part of this thesis there are also brief comments on qualification and education of accountants. As a result of all mentioned above, this thesis helps to outline benefits and constraints of possible IFRS SME implementation in the Czech Republic.

博士
國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
95
Technology adoption has always been a central research issue in the information systems discipline. Despite years of investigative effort, most of past studies primarily focus on the pre-adoption stage, but very few studies examine post-adoption behaviors, post IT application, and consequences of adoption. In this dissertation, unlike the typical studies to analyze adoption difficulties during pre-adoption stage, I focus on the post technology adoption stage and aim to understand why technology adoption may become failures in organizations after effective deployment for a period of time. In this dissertation, I consider an adoption of supply chain system from the practices fit perspective. The practices fit lens argues that organizational practices (such as procurement practices) are embedded in the technology (such as supply chain systems), and the technology adoption could be as a transfer of the practices to the recipient’s adopters. However, since adopters lie in their specific social/organizational context over time, they have gradually developed a variety of practices to deal with organizational matters. In this circumstance, after the technology is adopted, the difficulties of adoption may occur because of the incompatibility between adopters’ practices and technology practices. From this perspective, I apply an interpretive stance in the study to report a case of supply chain system, and to analyze how and why practices misfit may induce the problems of the adoption. The case study reveals that there are different types of procurement practices for an organization to conduct procurement activities with their suppliers. Each type of procurement practices is affected by the organizational structures, product technologies, and industrial network. However, the supply chain system is not to take account of these conditions into the system principles. As a result, the system is considered inapplicable for supporting the procurement activities by adopters. Important implications are provided to enhance the theoretical development of technology adoption. Practical insights are discussed with regard to supply chain management.

碩士
東吳大學
會計學系
103
This study examines whether Taiwan’s adoption of IFRS increases the financial statement comparability and the impact of corporate governance on financial statement comparability. We also examine the concurrent impact of IFRS adoption and the corporate governance on the financial statement comparability. The sample is based on Taiwan-listed firms and data is collected from Taiwan Economic Journal (TEJ) from the period of the year 2011 to the period of the third quarter of the year 2014. We follow the method developed by De Franco, Kothari, and Verdi（2011）to evaluate the financial statement comparability. Our results show that the adoption of IFRS and better corporate governance positively affect the financial statement comparability. However, the comparability is negatively correlated to better corporate governance before the adoption of IFRS.

碩士
國立臺北大學
會計學系
105
This study investigates whether the adoption of IFRSs version 2013 replace of IFRS version 2010 in Taiwan could increases the comparability of financial statements. Data were collected from the publicly traded firms in TWSE (Taiwan Stock Exchange) and the GreTai (Taipei Exchange) between 2013 and 2016. We follow the methodology proposed by De Franco, Kothari and Verdi (2011) to evaluate the comparability of financial statements. The empirical results show that the adoption of new IFRSs version in Taiwan could improve the comparability of financial statements.

碩士
東吳大學
社會工作學系
94
Abstract In Taiwan, averagely, there are yearly 950,000 youths studying in junior high school in recent five years. The youths who cannot interact well with environment may face difficulties in their family or interpersonal relationship, and may have other problems such as academic underachievement, drug abuse, self-injuring, dropping out from school, and other severe behavior deviance as much as committing crime. Consequently, the youths in this stage need different levels of guidance. However, most junior high schools are facing the shortage of professional youth guide. In 2006, for instance, there are 97,800 junior high students in Taipei city, but there are only 311 professional guides, including 297 professional teachers for counseling and 14 professional social workers. In other words, every professional guide averagely has to take care of about 300 students. In 1995, Minister of Education encouraged the local government and social groups to mobilize community resources and to constitute the voluntary individual guidance system. This system introduces retired teachers or volunteers to be guidance teachers. The purpose of the study was to explore the experiences of the volunteers in the voluntary guidance system of junior high schools. That is specifically to understand their initial motivations, encountered difficulties, and the process of the adoption-guidance. From the volunteers’ experiences, this study interprets the current operation of the volunteer groups in the guidance system. 95 volunteers from 15 public junior high schools in Taipei city are investigated with questionnaires in this study, and six of them are depth-interviewed to find out their motivations of participating adoption-guidance, including “enthusiasm of caring youths”, “expectation to help people”, ”expectation of self-growth”, “expectation to take care of their own children”, “expectation of standing a good model for their own children”, “expectation to do something useful in the leisure time”, “sense of achievement”, “sense of belonging for counseling room”, and “the belief that adoption-guidance works do help the students.” The adoption-guidance works are usually conducted in the lessons or school noon-breaks. Most volunteers meet with the students about 30 to 40 minutes every week. The meeting is one by one and the content of meeting is including students’ daily life, their confusing problems and their deviant behaviors, and sometimes including books discussions. The volunteers play a caring or equivalent friends-like role to continuously guide the students. The difficulties in adoption-guidance are including, “the students’ unchangeable negative self-attitude”, “the environment of counseled students”, “peer effects”, “the insufficiency of counseling capacity”, “lack of resources to solve students’ problems”, “less corporation of parents”, “less corporation of school teachers”, “lack of time”, and “insufficiency of professional studies and case studies.” Based on the findings of this study, the researcher presents the volunteers’ coping strategies to the difficulties. Then the researcher presents discussion and proposed suggestions for future application and research of the adopting guidance.

碩士
輔仁大學
會計學系碩士班
96
In previous studies about value relevance of accounting information, information reported in both Income statement and Balance Sheet is no doubt a determinant in valuing equity value. Besides, Xie and Wu (2006) find that firms’ asset impairment behavior via the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No.35 are related to two important earnings management incentives of firms- taking a big bath, income smoothing. This study is aimed at exploring the effects of taking a Bath and income smoothing behaviors via SFAS No.35 on the value relevance of financial statement. The Sample in this study consists of 475 listed firms, which recognize asset impairments loss in their 2004 or 2005 annual reports, belonged to different industries except financial related industries. Then, this study uses the Ohlson(1995) model to verify its hypothesis. The empirical result shows that, based on the incremental R2 of earnings and equity book value test evidence, there is trade off relationship between the value relevance of earnings and the value relevance of equity book value when listed firms recognize asset impairments loss. Furthermore, this study finds that taking a big behavior, which is a kind of speculative earnings management, of listed firms via SFAS No. 35 reduce the value relevance of earnings information and enhance the value relevance of equity book value information. On the other hand, incoming smoothing behavior, a informative earnings management behavior, of listed firms via SFAS No. 35 increases the value relevance of earnings information and decreases the value relevance of equity book value information. The previous empirical results of this study prove that the earnings management incentives of listed firms adopting SFAS No. 35 did affect value relevance of financial statement.

碩士
開南大學
會計學系
102
This study used qualitative research methods in the way data semi-structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the Explore the issue in 2013 after the full integration International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the Group's business arising from the preparation of the consolidated financial statements on Taiwan. The study found that (1) owned clothing industry in helping conglomerates import IFRS, the most difficult point is the company's internal financial staff for IFRS expertise adequacy. Secondly, (2) parent company's information systems and more discrepancies, in order to understand how to integrate systems and related digital enterprise group is a lot of effort to put part of. In this study, investigate and interview results collected through literature analysis, This study found that: In response to today's international development conglomerate of companies are now preparing the financial statements have been systematized information, And systematic achievements so that enterprises in the preparation of the report on the efficiency and effectiveness of the effect much better than artificial, more quickly; And when companies import IFRS, the IFRS and therefore are not familiar with the ad hoc group set up to import IFRS is inevitable; After importing IFRS and businesses for corporate earnings that can also ensure the accuracy and reliability of the financial report.

碩士
淡江大學
會計學系碩士班
94
In June 2004, Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No.35, "Accounting for Asset Impairment", that firms must follow to report the true values of their long-lived assets. The statement is effective on July 1, 2004 with early adoption encouraged. This study investigates the motives of firms to early-adopt the new standard. The logistic regression results indicate that the industry median of market to book ratio and of stock return are both positively related to the decision to adopt SFAS No. 35 early. In addition, the larger the size, the more likely the firm is to early-adopt the pronouncement. The findings also suggest that when a company experiences below normal earnings, managers are more likely to choose to adopt SFAS No. 35 early, supporting the “big bath hypothesis.” A further analysis is conducted to examine whether the assets governed by SFAS No. 35 (i.e., long-term investment under the equity method, real estate investment, fixed assets, goodwill, intangible assets other than goodwill, lease assets, idle assets, long-term receivables, and deferred expenses) have information content. The results using early-adopting firms indicate that real estate investment is positively associated with cumulative abnormal returns (CAR). Moreover, as asset write-offs increase, long-term investment under the equity method, lease assets, and deferred expenses are negatively related to CAR, but fixed assets are positively associated with CAR. The empirical results using the late-adopting firms indicate that, as the write-offs increase, fixed assets are positively associated with CAR, and intangible assets other than goodwill are negatively related to CAR. These findings suggest that part of the assets governed by SFAS No. 35 provides some extent of value relevance to the investors.