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Academic literature on the topic 'Diffraction électromagnétique inverse'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diffraction électromagnétique inverse"
Arhab, Slimane. "Profilométrie optique par méthodes inverses de diffraction électromagnétique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4321/document.
Full textOptical profilometry is a nondestructive and fast noncontact surface metrology technique. In this thesis, we have tackled this issue with inverse scattering electromagnetic methods and in an Optical Digital Tomographic Microscopy (ODTM) configuration. The surface is probed with illuminations under several incidence angles; the measure of far scattered field amplitude and phase constitutes the problem data. Surface profiles have been reconstructed using different scattering models among which an approximate theory based on single scattering and paraxiality. The lateral resolution of this technique and classical profilometric approaches is limited by the so-called Abbe-Rayleigh's criterion defined out of the numerical aperture for illumination and field detection. In order to overpass this resolution limit, we have developed a regularized iterative Newton-Kantorovitch's method. The scattering operator is rigorously modelized with the method of moments, that is a numerical solution of boundary integral equations, and its Fréchet derivative adjoint states expression is deduced from the reciprocity theorem. For one-dimensional metallic surfaces, our method succeeds in inverting from synthetic data very rough surfaces with the resolutions beyond the Abbe-Rayleigh's criterion. The performance of this technique and inversion conditions clearly differ from one polarization to the other : in the TM case, interactions at longer distance than in the TE case improve yet the resolution. This work includes also an experimental validation of our inverse model on grooves in indium phosphure substrate at 633 nm
Benedetti, Manuel. "Multi-résolution techniques based on shape-optimization for the solution of inverse scattering problems." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112249.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the development and the analysis of the integration of a multiscale iterative strategy and a level set representation for the solution of electromagnetic inverse scattering problems. The resulting implementation is aimed at suitably exploiting the available a-priori knowledge about the scenario under test and the information content in the scattering measurements. The mathematical formulation of the inverse scattering problem is reduced to the bidimensional transverse-magnetic case when considering one or multiple regions of interest. The thesis is organized as follows. First of all, the mathematical formulation of the inverse scattering problem is described and the main drawbacks of the corresponding model are discussed. More in detail, chapter 3 focuses on the exploitation of regularized solutions and useful approximations in order to overcome the illposedness characterizing the inverse problem to be solved. Moreover, both deterministic and heuristic minimization techniques are presented. Then, the multi-resolution techniques and the shape optimization approaches are analyzed. The architecture of the proposed strategy is presented in chapters 4 and 5. In order to evaluate the reconstruction capabilities, a numerical validation is performed by considering both synthetic and laboratory-controlled data and targets characterized by simple as well as complex shapes
Galan-Malaga, Horacio. "Diffraction électromagnétique en puits de forage : approximations dipolaires et application au problème inverse." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112182.
Full textTarnus, Renaud. "Tomographie électromagnétique multifréquentielle par diffraction : application à la détection d'objets enfouis par transmission entre forages." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066317.
Full textVoznyuk, Ivan. "Méthodes de décomposition de domaines pour la modélisaton électromagnétique et l'imagerie micro-onde quantitative dans des configurations tridimensionnelles de grande taille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4732/document.
Full textThis PhD work is devoted to the electromagnetic modeling of threedimensional large-scale wave propagation problems, which is very challenging in terms of memory and computation time. The main idea of the Finite Element Tearing and Interconnect (FETI) method is to divide the domain into non-overlapping subdomains where each electromagnetic problem can be independently solved. A modification of the classical FETI method, called the FETI-DPEM2-full method, is proposed herein to improve the numerical process. The fields scattered by various structures have thus been computed and successfully compared with measured fields. From these experiments, quantitative microwave imaging algorithms attempt to estimate the physical parameters of the illuminated target. This inverse problem is recasted into a minimization problem where two forward problems are required at each iteration step. A quasi-Newton algorithm has thus been efficiently coupled with the FETI-DPEM2-full method. Reconstructions of various targets from measured scattered fields have been successfully performed, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology
El, Kanfoud Ibtissam. "Résolution de problèmes de rayonnement électromagnétique appliqués à l’imagerie médicale avec FreeFEM++." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4000/document.
Full textThe use of microwaves for diagnosis is booming in the medical field. One of the latest applications is the detection of strokes by microwave imaging. The company EMTensor GmbH based in Vienna, Austria is currently studying such a system in collaboration with LEAT, the LJAD of the Côte d’Azur University and the LJLL of Sarbonne University, for the diagnosis and control of the treatement efficiency. The purpose of this work is to model the brain imaging measurement system developed by EMTensor GmbH. It is a transmission/ reception system consisting of 160 antennas arranged in 5 rings of 32 antennas distributed on a cylinder metal tank of semi-open circular section. One of the major issues of this work is the modeling and electromagnetic simulation (EM) of the complete system including a realistic brain model. The difficulty lies both in the size of the EM problem to be simulated beacause of the relationship between the considerable size of the system and the the very small size of certain inhomogeneities within the brain, and the great heterogeneity of the dielectric permittivities present inside the brain. We decided to use an open source software, FreeFem++ for this modelling because it is well adapted to high performance computing through domain decomposition methods, which is mandatory for the complexity of the EM problem. First, we compared the simulation results of the vacuum matching measurement system (without the brain) to the measurements and the results obtained by the FEM-based EM HFSS simulation software to those obtained by FreeFem++. We then simulated a virtual threedimensional head model, from brain imaging system cuts (CT scan and MRI), in partnership with EMTensor, looking for the position and type of stroke (ischemic and hemorragic). The influence of the measurement noise, the value of the adaptation gel used, the coupling between the sensors and the coupling between the head and the sensors are also studied. In order to validate these models, two simple cases have been studied. A large tube and a small plastic tube are fielld with adaptation liquid with the dielectric characteristic of a brain to find the shape of the tubes used by qualitative imaging. Finally, with the MEDIMAX project partners and the EMTensor company we applied a quantitative method to the detection of ischemic stroke by the microwave tomography. The direct problem has been solved with the help of FreeFem++, using hight order elements and parallel preconditioners for the domain decomposition method. We solved the inverse problem by a minimization algorithm, in order to reconstruct tomographic images of the brain in times compatible with medical imperatives defined by clinicians.”
Micolau, Gilles. "Etude théorique et numérique de la méthode de la Décomposition de l'Opérateur de Retournement Temporel (D. O. R. T. ) en diffraction électromagnétique." Aix-Marseille 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX30027.
Full textThe present work deals with the potentiality of the Decomposition of the Time Reversal Operator (DORT) method in order to solve inverse electromagnetic scattering problems. This fast method may be used to detect, to localize and in some cases, to characterize an unknown scatterer embeded in a complex medium from the scattered field (steel rods in reinforced concrete, buried water pipes, unexploded mines, etc. ). The principle of the method is based on the construction and the reduction of a linear self-adjoint operator involving only the scattered field. The eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of this operator are related to the number and to the localisation of the scatterers, respectively. In the first part, an analytic analysis of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors is carried out in the time harmonic regime when the probed medium is completely surrounded by the antennas. This analysis enables us to study the influence of several fundamentals parameters such as the operating frequency and the polarization of the electromagnetic field. In order to simulate the detection of buried objects, the configuration where the antennas are located along a finite segment has been studied in the second part of this work. .
Litman, Amelie. "Techniques d'inversion pour la diagraphie différée et l'imagerie électromagnétique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00453676.
Full textNsengiyumva, Florence. "Contribution à la détection d’objets sur pistes d’aéroport (FOD) par tomographie millimétrique en bande W et polarimétrie." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4041/document.
Full textMillimeter-wave radar systems in W-band (75-110 GHz) are booming, due to advances in integrated circuits, allowing the fabrication of low-cost and high-resolution compact systems, thanks to the short wavelength. First, these systems were used for detecting and localizing purposes, with the aim of identification. Thus, imaging radar systems have been developed, especially using qualitative imaging, based for example, on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Nevertheless, in order to reconstruct the electromagnetic properties of objects, for a complete identification, we must develop quantitative reconstruction algorithms. The work presented in this manuscript is to give the basis of a qualitative and quantitative millimeter wave imaging system for detecting and identifying foreign debris on airport runways using tomography, taking into account the polarization of the incident wave. In this thesis, a simulation tool for solving forward and inverse problems, for the two-dimensional polarization cases 2D-TM and 2D-TE, based on the method of moments (MoM) has been developed. The first step was to study the validation of the direct problem by comparing numerical results with analytical solutions for canonical targets. Then, experimental measurements have ben carried out and compared with numerical results. Finally, reconstruction results obtained have validated the reconstruction algorithm developed for quantitative imaging
Lencrerot, R. "Outils de modélisation et d'imagerie pour un scanner micro-onde : Application au contrôle de la teneur en eau d'une colonne de sol." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00438308.
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