Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diffraction X sous incidence'
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ETGENS, VICTOR. "Etapes de la croissance epitaxiale par jets moleculaires de znte sur gaas(001) : une etude par diffraction de rayons-x sous incidence rasante." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066111.
Full textBROSSARD, FABIEN. "Etudes in-situ d'interfaces creees par voie electrochoimique par les techniques d'ondes stationnaires de rayons x et de diffraction de surface sous incidence rasante." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077183.
Full textMerckling, Clément. "Croissance épitaxiale d'oxydes "High-k" sur silicium pour CMOS avancé : LaAlO3, GdO3, γ-Al2O3." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/cmerckling.pdf.
Full textRésumé en anglais
Wilson, Axel. "Suivi par STM et GIXD de nanoparticules Au-Cu/TiO2(110) : de leur nucléation à leur évolution sous gaz réactifs." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066469/document.
Full textWe have studied the synthesis, the structure and the evolution in reactive environment of Au-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) deposited under UHV on a (110) surface of rutile TiO2. During the growth, the type of the nucleation sites and the evolution of both density and size distribution of the NPs were followed with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM), whereas the structure and the epitaxial relations with the substrate were determined using Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXD). These features were measured under oxygen, carbon monoxide and a mix of CO+O2 for pressures bellow 10-5 mbar.We show trough STM imaging that TiOx type of surface defects are a preferential nucleation site for NPs. Moreover GIXD results show that the Cu is able to diffuse inside the initial Au NPs to form a solid solution of fcc structure. The epitaxial relations between alloyed NPs and substrate indicate that the <110> axis of the NPs is parallel to the [001] axis of the substrate, but several orientations for the interfacial plan are possible.According to their composition, the structure and the morphology of the NPs can be modified in the presence of a low pressure of oxygen. Whereas Cu NPs progressively disappear in reactive environment, a small proportion of Au (around 5%) is enough to stabilize the morphology of the NPs. However, diffraction measurements show that in these conditions, the Cu segregates to the surface of the NP. A thermal annealing of the NPs under UHV allow to recover their initial structure
Jedrecy, Nathalie. "Etude de surfaces reconstruites et d'heteroepitaxies par diffraction des rayons x en ultra-vide sous incidence rasante gaas(001), de si(001) jusqu'a l'heteroepitaxie gaas/si." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066179.
Full textWiegart, Lutz. "Autoassemblage de monocouches organiques à faible température." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164719.
Full textWiegart, Lutz. "Autoassemblage de monocouches organiques à faible température." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10111.
Full textAt ambient temperature monolayer phases of most alkane chain molecules exhibit phases, characterised by the rotation of the chain around the molecular axis. Consequently, these phases are only weakly ordered rather than crystalline. In order to achieve crystalline ordering, the energy of the system needs to be reduced. New cryo-protective liquid subphases extend the accessible range to much lower temperatures than the freezing threshold of water. Monolayers of common surfactants like fatty acids and phospholipids were prepared under constant volume/constant surface pressure conditions and their phase behaviour was studied upon cooling. First insights into film stability and evolution upon cooling were achieved by Langmuir isotherms and GIXOS, while the in-plane ordering was investigated by GIXD. The molecules were found to adapt crystalline phases by a purely entropy driven self-assembly process, reaching packing densities similar to three dimensional single crystals. The evolution of the structure parameters compare to those of bulk alkanes undergoing the rotator-crystalline phase transition. XPCS was employed to relate the surface dynamics of the system to the appearance of crystalline phases. The phase transition was found to be accompanied by a change of the dynamics from propagating to overdamped capillary waves
Pons, Frédéric. "Étude des transformations structurales superficielles induites par implantation ionique et frottement dans les métaux." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112366.
Full textI have designed and realized a friction test equipment suitable for the study of friction behaviour of ion implanted surfaces. An experimental X-Ray diffraction set up, allowing crystallographical depth resolved analysis (50nm) on thin layers, has also been developed and a methodology proposed. We have contributed to the study of amorphization mechanisms in two cases: ion implantation of a pure metal and irradiation of crystalline metallic alloys. Combined with the channeling technique. Grazing X-Ray diffraction has led to study the particular role of stresses in the lattice. Preceding or accompanying amorphous cluster formation. Different amorphization kinetics obtained as a function of temperature on a metal-metal system (Ni implanted A1) reinforce previous results on metal-metalloid systems (P,B and Si implanted in Ni and Pd). The temperature and the concentration of stabilizing species in the amorphous phase are the main parameters governing ion implantation. Whereas the important parameter in the case of ion irradiation is the defects density created by incident ions. The use of different spectroscopy techniques (R. B. S. , N. R. A, S. I. M. S, X. P. S. ) combined with channeling and grazing X-Ray has allowed to correlate the mechanical properties to the structure and the transformations under friction in the case of Ti 1-x Nx layers elaborated by nitrogen multi-energy implantation
Nappé, Jean-Christophe. "Évaluation du comportement sous irradiation de Ti3SiC2 : Étude de l'endommagement structural et microstructural." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00445458.
Full textMerckling, Clément. "Croissance épitaxiale d'oxydes "high-κ" sur silicium pour CMOS avancé : LaAlO3, Gd2O3, γ-Al2O3." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201791.
Full textLes solutions industrielles actuelles développées sont à base d'oxydes « high-κ » amorphes. Une alternative serait l'utilisation d'oxydes monocristallins épitaxiés directement sur silicium qui permettrait de retrouver les propriétés de l'oxyde massif et d'obtenir des interfaces abruptes sans présence de couches interfaciales. Cependant le choix du matériau est limité par le désaccord de maille avec le substrat et aussi par la compatibilité et la stabilité thermodynamique des oxydes vis-à-vis du Si. Les matériaux explorés dans cette thèse ont été LaAlO3 et Gd2O3 choisis pour leurs propriétés électroniques (constante diélectrique et discontinuités de bandes) et γ-Al2O3 choisi pour ses qualités thermodynamiques vis-à-vis du Si. La méthode d'élaboration utilisée a été l'épitaxie par jets moléculaires (EJM).
Nous avons tout d'abord commencé par étudier le système LaAlO3/Si. Après avoir défini les conditions optimales de croissance (température, pression d'oxygène et vitesse de croissance), par homoépitaxie (sur un substrat de LaAlO3(001)) et hétéroépitaxie (sur un substrat de SrTiO3(001)), nous avons exploré les possibilités de faire croître cet oxyde directement sur Si(001). N'ayant pas pu trouver de fenêtre de croissance compatible, une solution a été d'utiliser une fine couche interfaciale de SrO ou de SrTiO3 pour obtenir une phase solide de LaAlO3 sur Si. Cependant les limitations thermodynamiques de l'interface à base d'alcalino-terreux (Sr) rendent incompatible la réalisation de transistors CMOS.
Le deuxième oxyde étudié a été l'oxyde de gadolinium (Gd2O3). Si la croissance s'est révélée monodomaine et de très bonne qualité sur Si(111), nous avons observé une croissance bidomaine sur substrat de Si(001). Ceci provient de l'alignement des plans (110) de l'oxyde sur les plans (001) du Si, tournés de 90° à chaque marche de silicium, Nous avons alors montré que l'utilisation d'un substrat vicinal de Si(001) désorienté de 6° permet de favoriser qu'un seul domaine de Gd2O3. Malgré ses limitations (formation de silicate interfacial à hautes températures) le système Gd2O3/Si est actuellement considéré comme un des plus intéressants pour l'intégration dans les technologies CMOS.
Afin d'obtenir des interfaces abruptes et stables thermodynamiquement, nous avons exploré les possibilités offertes par l'oxyde γ-Al2O3. Après avoir mis en évidence la possibilité de faire croître un film fin de γ-Al2O3(001) pseudomorphe avec une interface cohérente, nous avons défini différents assemblages possibles combinant γ-Al2O3 et un oxyde « high-κ ». Une solution originale qui permet d'intégrer un oxyde « high-κ » cristallin sur Si avec une interface abrupte et stable a été proposée.
Pouzet, Eric. "Etude du comportement moléculaire de l'alcane semifluoré F(CF2)8(CH2)18H en couches minces déposées sur substrats liquide et solide : détermination structurale et organisation interfaciale." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066571.
Full textEl, Kazzi Mario. "ETUDE PAR PHOTOEMISSION (XPS & XPD) D'HETEROSTRUCTURES D'OXYDES FONCTIONNELS EPITAXIES SUR SILICIUM." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321458.
Full textDans ce contexte, l'objectif principal de ma thèse a été de mener une étude approfondie des propriétés physicochimiques et structurales de couches fines d'oxydes élaborées par Epitaxie par Jets Moléculaires (EJM) sur substrat silicium ou oxyde, en utilisant la spectroscopie de photoélectrons (XPS) et la diffraction de photoélectrons (XPD).
Nous avons étudié dans un premier temps la relaxation de films minces de LaAlO3 et de BaTiO3 épitaxiés sur des substrats de SrTiO3(001). Nous avons montré qu'au-dessous d'une certaine épaisseur critique ces deux oxydes sont contraints de façon pseudomorphiques sur SrTiO3(001). De plus nous avons clairement mis en évidence une forte augmentation de la déformation ferroélectrique pour une couche contrainte de BaTiO3.
Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons aussi étudié la croissance de LaAlO3 sur Si(001). LaAlO3 est amorphe pour des températures de croissance en dessous de 500°C. Pour des températures supérieures il y a formation de silicates à l'interface qui empêche la cristallisation. Pour surmonter cette difficulté, des procédés d'ingénierie d'interface ont été développés pour limiter les réactions interfaciales et réussir la croissance épitaxiale. Ils sont basés sur l'utilisation de couches tampons interfaciales d'oxydes comme SrO, SrTiO3 et Al2O3.
Enfin, nous avons comparé les modes de croissance et la stabilité d'interface d'Al2O3 et de Gd2O3 épitaxiés sur Si(111) et Si(001). Les résultats prouvent que la croissance de ces deux oxydes sur Si(111) a une orientation suivant [111]. Par contre sur Si(001) le mécanisme de croissance est plus complexe avec des relations d'épitaxie et des orientations inhabituelles.
Duflo, Hugues. "Diffraction de l'onde de Scholte : dièdre sous incidence oblique : étude de réseaux de stries." Le Havre, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEHA0011.
Full textPeng, Jun. "Détermination des contraintes résiduelles dans les revêtements par diffraction des rayons X en faible incidence." Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENAM0019.
Full textA new Pseudo-Grazing Incident X-Ray Diffraction (Pseudo-GIXRD) method for experimental stress analysis, noticed sin2ψ*, was developed to analyze the residual stress (RS) gradient in coatings. This method takes into account the crystalline orientations, the geometry of measurement (the incidence angle, the tilt angles ψ and the thickness of analyzed layer) in order to know the exact depth of penetration. By this method, we can not only evaluate the average level of the RS in coatings, but also determine the gradient and their distribution by varying the incident angles for various desired penetration depths. Uncertainties of measurement were then evaluated and the influence of the surface roughness was studied with some samples loaded by known mechanical traction. An analytical model was established for the correction of the roughness influence on RS determination. In addition, a machined sample of Nickel based alloy with strong RS gradient was studied by applying our sin2ψ* method to evaluate the sensitivity of this method. Two series of thin film (Cu on the substrate of Ni with a phase obtained by PVD and Tantalum on the substrate of Ti with two phases α and β obtained by CVD) were applied by the new method to study the distribution of RS in these near surface layers. The comparison of the results obtained with those by two other methods showed that this new Pseudo-GIXRD method is reliable and easy to be used to determine the level and the distribution of RS
ODIN, SYLVIE. "Etude sous pression du compose invar fe3pt par diffraction x et dichroisme circulaire magnetique des rayons x." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA112193.
Full textFajoui, Jamal. "Influence des hétérogénéités intragranulaires sur le comportement des matériaux métalliques sous sollicitations mécaniques." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2105.
Full textMetal forming may often involve intense forming sequences, leading to large strains and severe strain path changes. These processes, very constraining for material, are limited by the appearance and the development of plastic instabilities and/or damage. Deductive methods based on strain mechanisms and scale transitions constitute relevant tools for a better comprehension. Two-level homogenization approaches are developed for the micromechanical modelling of the elastoplastic material behaviour. At the microscopic level, the mechanical behaviour is described by different scale transition models like self-consistent, Kröner or Mori-Tanaka. The grain is considered as a two-phase material : dislocations walls (with high density dislocation) and cells (with low density dislocation) and cells (with low density dislocation). The intragranular heterogeneities are highlighted by a non-local work-hardening, which is linked to the twophase description. Correct agreement is observed between simulations and experiments (X-ray diffraction, mechanical tests) results at the meso and macroscopic levels
Jukes, Paul Christian. "Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and neutron reflection studies of semi-crystalline polymer surfaces and interfaces." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251303.
Full textSprauel, Jean-Michel. "Etude par diffraction x des facteurs mecaniques influencant la corrosion sous contraintes d'aciers inoxydables." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066549.
Full textSprauel, Jean-Michel. "Etude par diffraction X des facteurs mécaniques influençant la corrosion sous contraintes d'aciers inoxydables." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376186841.
Full textSatapathy, Dillip Kumar. "Molecular-beam epitaxy growth and structural characterization of semiconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=982680724.
Full textVERON, MARIE-BENOITE. "Etude des reconstructions de surface de cdte par diffraction de rayons x et d'electrons en incidence rasante." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066428.
Full textSatapathy, Dillip Kumar. "Molecular-beam epitaxy growth and structural characterization of semiconductor-ferromagnet heterostructures by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15563.
Full textThe present work is devoted to the growth of the ferromagnetic metal MnAs on the semiconductor GaAs by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). The MnAs thin films are deposited on GaAs by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE). Grazing incidence diffraction (GID) and reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) are used in situ to investigate the nucleation, evolution of strain, morphology and interfacial structure during the MBE growth. Four stages of the nucleation process during growth of MnAs on GaAs(001) are revealed by RHEED azimuthal scans. GID shows that further growth of MnAs films proceed via the formation of relaxed islands at a nominal thickness of 2.5 ML which increase in size and finally coalesce to form a continuous film. Early on, an ordered array of misfit dislocations forms at the interface releasing the misfit strain even before complete coalescence occurs. The fascinatingly complex nucleation process of MnAs on GaAs(0 0 1) contains elements of both Volmer-Weber and Stranski-Krastanov growth. A nonuniform strain amounting to 0.66%, along the [1 -1 0] direction and 0.54%, along the [1 1 0] direction is demonstrated from x-ray line profile analysis. A high correlation between the defects is found along the GaAs[1 1 0] direction. An extremely periodic array of misfit dislocations with a period of 4.95 +- 0.05 nm is formed at the interface along the [1 1 0] direction which releases the 7.5% of misfit. The inhomogeneous strain due to the periodic dislocations is confined at the interface within a layer of 1.6 nm thickness. The misfit along the [1 -1 0] direction is released by the formation of a coincidence site lattice.
FRADIN, CECILE. "Structure et elasticite des interfaces liquides : une etude par diffusion de rayons x sous incidence rasante." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066194.
Full textSihachakr, Davina. "Etude de N2/O2 sous pression." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112036.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to identify the relevant parameters for the high-pressure synthesis of new materials from mixtures of molecular gases. We have chosen a model system: N2/O2 mixtures. In the first part of this document, we determined the binary phase diagram of N2/O2 under pressure at 300 K. In the fluid, a total miscibility is observed, and a large miscibility exists in the solid phases. The solid phase presents numerous allotropic forms. From the x-ray diffraction data, we show that the structures of those different solid solutions are related to those of pure components. A dissymmetry of the binary phase diagram however indicates that the N2-O2 interactions are very similar to the N2-N2 ones but are very different from the O2-O2 ones. In the second part of this document, we observed the synthesis of the ionic compound NO+NO3- from N2/O2 solid phases under Nd: YAG laser irradiation. A new type of layered structure is refined from the x-ray data. Moreover, we show that this opened structurecan trap O2 molecules what constitutes a new class of “clathrate”. Finally, this compound can be recovered at ambient pressure as an amorphous. In the last part of this document, we show from a luminescence study that the coupling of the Nd: YAG laser with O2 molecules in condensed phase is a resonant phenomenon with the electronic transition from the triplet state to the singlet state. This excited state is very reactive and the high-pressure synthesis of other materials should be possible from mixtures containing O2 molecules
GRIMA, GALLARDO PEDRO. "Etude par diffraction x du tellurure de mercure hgte sous hautes pressions et temperatures (hp-ht)." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066337.
Full textFisher, David. "Structural studies of alkali metal overlayers using low-energy electron diffraction and normal incidence standing x-ray wavefield absorption." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.316586.
Full textBeurrot-Borgarino, Stéphanie. "Cristallisation sous contrainte du caoutchouc naturel en fatigue et sous sollicitation multiaxiale." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de nantes - ECN, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00835499.
Full textMalard, Benoît. "Caractérisation multiéchelle par diffraction de neutrons et rayonnement synchrotron de la transformation martensitique sous contrainte dans un alliage à mémoire de forme CuAlBe." Paris, ENSAM, 2008. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004479.
Full textThe Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) have different mechanical properties than usual materials. Their exceptional properties such as superelasticity and shape memory are closely associated with the characteristic of the martensitic transformation in these alloys. The microstructural evolutions associated with this transformation play a considerable role in the nature of the observed macroscopic behaviour. The precise description of these evolutions is an important part of the understanding of the interactions between the microstructure and the macroscopic properties. In this context, diffractometric analyses allow us to obtain useful information on the volume fraction evolution the lattice strains and grain rotations. The use of neutron, synchrotron X-ray and hard X-Ray radiation appears to be the only alternative for quantifying the martensitic transformation at multiple length scales via reliable complementary measurements performed in a laboratory. This work, on superelastic CuAlBe SMA, contributes to the development experimental methodologies on biphasic alloys and sets up new in-situ multiscale analyses on the field of the martensitic transformation. At the macroscopic scale, the transfer stress loading from one to the other phase has been followed when the transformation begins. The plastic and residual transformation strains have been determined from the residual macroscopic strain. At the grain level, the formation and the rotation of small austenitic domains have been measured when the martensitic transformation starts. During unloading, the inverse rotation and the reconstitution of one austenitic domain have been observed. At the microscopic level, the rotations of the small austenitic domains have been confirmed and localized. The increase of the austenite crystal plane mosaicity has been tracked
Menut, Denis. "Contribution au développement de la ligne MARS pour l’analyse au rayonnement synchrotron d’aciers à dispersion d’oxydes irradiés aux neutrons : évolution des phases secondaires sous irradiation." Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN2020.
Full textX-Ray Diffraction coupled with X-ray Absorption Fine Structure analyses at the MARS beamline of the synchrotron SOLEIL facility were used to study the microstructural evolution of oxides phases found in ODS steels irradiated in Material Testing Reactors. Two hold generations of ODS steel grades (DY and MA957) irradiated up to high fluencies (~75 dpa) were studied. These experiments have required specific developments, in particular a dedicated sample holder. An important milestone was overcome integrating the MARS beamline to the nuclearized facilities accessible for CEA. First, XRD analysis provide new results concerning intermediate sizes of precipitates (around 100 nm) essentially from crystallographic point of view, the nano-sized oxides (from 1 to 10 nm) being not detected, due to the material itself, sample preparation as thin foil and experimental set-up calibration. Secondly, XAFS analysis is not a discriminating technique as soon as the absorber atom is involved in the chemical composition of various precipitates found in ODS. Nevertheless, the stability of the Ti with a coordination number of 5 is evidenced whatever the irradiation conditions. As our experimental study was not able to detect the nano-sized oxides, an alternative way is to perform modeling approach of the behavior of massive oxides under irradiation, compared to experimental analyses under ion irradiations. We have shown that the defect-fluorite is an intermediate phase of the crystal-to-amorphous phase transition of the pyrochlore oxide structure, whatever the irradiation conditions and the ratio of the cationic radii, the Ti coordination number remaining around 5 in the amorphous state
Pili, Barbara. "Nanoparticules de gemcitabine-squalène : interaction avec des membranes modèles et activité anticancéreuse de la prodrogue sous forme de liposomes." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA114815.
Full textNucleoside analogues may be associated covalently with lipids to improve their pharmacokinetics. It’s in this context that the concept of "squalénisation" has been discovered: the covalent coupling of squalene, a natural lipid precursor of cholesterol, confers specific properties to the molecules bound with it, allowing them self-assemble into nanoparticles. We have been interested in one of these prodrugs: gemcitabine-squalene which has got a greater antineoplastic activity than that of free gemcitabine. These thesis work has allowed (i) to characterize supramolecular organization of nanoparticles of gemcitabine-squalene, (ii) to identify the molecular interactions of squalene, of gemcitabine and of gemcitabine-squalene with a membrane model, (iii) to model the interaction of nanoparticles with a membrane and (iv) to encapsulate the prodrug into liposomes, which therapeutic activity was tested in vivo on a solid tumor model
Glijer, David. "Effets photo-induits coopératifs: du photomagnétisme sous irradiation continue aux phénomènes ultrarapides- étude par spectroscopie et diffraction X." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002257.
Full textMarchivie, Mathieu. "Approche structurale du phénomène de transition de spin par diffraction des rayons X sous contraintes (T, P, hv)." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008265.
Full textGOUDOT, ANNE. "Structures microscopiques dans les films de langmuir d'acides carboxyliques fluores. Etude par diffraction en incidence rasante et reflectivite des rayons x." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066104.
Full textBensaid, Abdelmounim. "Etudes de couches minces par diffraction et fluorescence des rayons X en incidence très rasante : application au silicium poreux et au silicium sur alumine." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10144.
Full textLorut, Frédéric. "Etude de monocristaux de KTiOPO4 sous champ électrique : mesures électriques, observations optiques et imagerie par diffraction aux rayons X." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10211.
Full textScherzer, Michael [Verfasser], Robert [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlögl, Ullrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Pietsch, Robert [Gutachter] Schlögl, Ullrich [Gutachter] Pietsch, and Thorsten [Gutachter] Ressler. "Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction : application on catalyst surfaces / Michael Scherzer ; Gutachter: Robert Schlögl, Ullrich Pietsch, Thorsten Ressler ; Robert Schlögl, Ullrich Pietsch." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1163661481/34.
Full textMezouar, Mohamed. "Etude du diagramme de phase de l'antimoniure d'indium INSB sous hautes pression et température." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077056.
Full textRejm'ankov'a, Petra. "Etude par diffraction et topographie aux rayons X de monocristaux de LiIO3, de KTiOPO4 et de LiNbO3 sous champ électrique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10179.
Full textLeroy, Frédéric. "Diffusion centrale des rayons X en incidence rasante appliquée à l'étude in situ de la croissance de nanostructures : Vers la croissance auto-organisée." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007372.
Full textLarguem, Hadjira. "Évolution structurale et réactivité chimique hors et sous irradiation de céramiques oxydes envisagées pour le confinement spécifique de radionucléides à vie longue." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MARN0321.
Full textThe perovskite group minerals is a subclass of oxides of broad geophysical and material science interest. This is because (Mg, Fe)SiO3 is supposed to be the main mineral in the mantle. From the material science point of view, perovskite-type structures are refractory phases, which property can be used for the long-term immobilization of radionuclides. Among these perovskite-type structures, titanates and zirconates of alkali-earth elements (such as CaTiO3 and CaZrO3) are able to accommodate cationic substitutions with actinides and rare earth elements, mostly in their Ca sites (apart vacancy defective structures). Also, perovskite-type compounds are closely related to those from other refractory oxide families such as zirconolite ((Ca,Ce)Zr(Ti,Nb,Fe(III))2O7) and pyrochlore ((Na,Ca)2Nb2O6(OH,F)). The first part of this work is devoted to the study of the structural distorsions induced by a Sr (in the Ca site) and Sn (in the Zr site) of both (CaxSr1-x)ZrO3 and Ca(ZrxSn1-x)O3 perovskites. Both X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectroscopy are used to follow these two substitution processes. The distorsion of the BO6 octaedra strongly decreases while the ionic radius of cation A increases. On the opposite, it increase while the ionic radius of cation B increases. Then, the incorporation of Nd(III) in CaZrO3 lattice is investigated by Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffractograms and by complementary Raman scattering and XAFS spectroscopies. Analysis of the XRD diffractograms and their Rietveld refinements indicate that the substitution of Nd in CaZrO3 occurs preferentially on the Ca site and the solubility limit occurs at 30 mol. % of Nd2O3. On the opposite, Raman observations suggest that this substitution rather occurs on the Zr site. Complementary experiments carried on, using synchrotron induced X-ray absorption spectroscopy excludes the possibility of a substitution of Nd on the Zr site. The second part of this work deals with the study of the chemical reactivity of CaTiO3 and CaZrO3 perovskite compounds coupled or not with a preliminary irradiation by low energy heavy ions (Xe ions between 150 and 260 keV) at various fluences between 5. 1013 and 3. 1016 ions/cm2. The main features of perovskite alteration can be summarized as follow : - stronger surface reactivity in acid medium ; - formation of a passivating layer able to control the further solubility composed of oxohydroxydes ; - growth of secondary phases enriched in Ti and Zr at the water/ceramic interface. Perovskite, chemical durability is strongly affected by ion irradiation when the critical amorphization dose is reached or excessed. Below that threshold, the surface hydration increase remains relatively limited (< 20 %). Finally, this approach is extended to zirconolite (CaZrTi2O7) and pyrochlore (Nd2Zr2O7) compounds with the aim to study both radiation damage and chemical durability
Quentin, Alexis. "Modifications structurales de spinelle sous irradiation." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2059.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of spinel structure materials under radiation. For that purpose, samples of polycrystalline ZnAl2O4 and monocrystalline MgAl2O4 were irradiated by different heavy ions with different energies. Samples of ZnAl2O4 were studied par electron transmission microscopy, and by grazing incidence X-Ray diffraction and Rietveld analysis. Samples of MgAl2O4 were studied by optical spectroscopy. Most of the results concern amorphisation and crystalline structure modification of ZnAl2O4 especially the inversion. We were able to determine a stopping power threshold for amorphisation, between 11 keV/nm and 12 keV/nm, and also the amorphisation process, which is a multiple impacts process. We studied the evolution of the amorphous phase by TEM and showed a nanopatterning phenomenon. Concerning the inversion, we determined that it did happen by a single impact process, and the saturation value did not reach the random cation distribution value. Inversion and amorphisation have different, but close, stopping power threshold. However, amorphisation seems to be conditioned by a predamage of the material which consists in inversion
Li, Linwei. "Etude thermo-chimico-mécanique de l’acier inoxydable AISI 316L oxydé entre 700°C et 900°C sous air humide." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS539.
Full textThe motivation of this study is to investigate the effects of water vapor on the oxidation behaviors of AISI 316L at high temperatures from the view of internal stresses in the oxide scales. Oxidation tests of AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel have been performed from 700˚C to 900˚C in the air with different water vapor contents (0 – 8 vol.%) for various durations (6 – 96 hours). The oxide surface morphology, cross-section microstructure, oxide phase identification and residual stresses in the oxide scales have been studied. The obtained results indicate that: (1) The oxide constituent distribution varies with both temperature and humidity. (2) Residual stresses show the temperature and chemical component dependence. (3) The stress generation and relaxation during oxidation are of great significance due to their key role in the oxide microstructure evolution. Net tensile and compressive growth stresses lead to distinct microstructures of oxide scales. (4) The growth stress also shows sensitivity to water vapor and its concentration, particularly the tensile growth stress developed in humid air, which has a close relationship with breakaway oxidation. Finally based on thermo-chemo-mechanical analyses, oxidation mechanisms have been proposed in two cases in regard to water vapor presence or absence
Baudot, Sophie. "MOSFETs contraints sur SOI : analyse des déformations par diffraction des rayons X et étude des propriétés électriques." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557963.
Full textTorcheux, Laurent. "Etude de la fluorescence x sous incidence rasante application a l'etude de la contamination chimique du silicium par les bains d'acide fluorhydrique." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA077098.
Full textBensaid, Abdelmounim. "Etude de couches minces par diffraction et fluorescence des rayons X en incidence très rasante application au silicium poreux et au silicium sur alumine /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37611777b.
Full textRoblin, Pierre. "Caractérisation structurale de la polykétide synthase pks13 de mycobactérium tuberculosis : étude structurale des composés S et F de la gamma-hémolysine de staphylococcus aureus sous forme d'hétérodimère covalent." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30297.
Full textTuberculosis is now the principle cause of death due to a single infectious agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Mycolic acids are essential lipids of the mycobacteria cell wall. Their relative abundance and their hydrophobic nature gives the envelope a strong impermeability, thus protecting the mycobacterium from the external environment. As Pks13 enzyme is involved in the last stage of mycolic acids biosynthesis, this inactivation affects directly the integrity of the envelope and to the survival of the mycobacteria. Pks13 is a large protein (186 kDa), consisting of five catalytic domains located on the same polypeptide chain and connected each other by loops of varying length. No structure of a type PKS I has yet been established. However, low-resolution structures of two bacterial similar systems (FAS) have recently been determined and high-resolution structures of homologues domains are known. The manuscript of the thesis contents the work carried out on a number of fragments Pks13, showing their production and purification and their biophysical characterization solution and the crystal genesis. .
Bernu, Sylvain. "Etude structurale sous pression de BaVS3, un composé quasi-1d à électrons corrélés, et effets des substitutions chimiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647329.
Full textDabos-Seignon, Sylvie. "Etudes par diffraction X du comportement sous pression d'actinides (Np,Pu,Am=Cm) et de composés d'actinides AnX(An=Np,X=O,Al) et AnX(An=Th,U,Np,Pu,X=As,Te)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604248w.
Full textDjaziri, Soundès. "Élasticité et endommagement sous chargement bi-axial de nano-composites W/Cuen couches minces sur polyimide : apport des techniques synchrotrons." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2267/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the biaxial deformation of W/Cu nanocomposite thin films deposited on polyimide substrates. The grain size in the thin film is controlled by stratification of two immiscible materials (W and Cu) employing sputtering techniques. We developed a procedure to characterize the mechanical behavior of samples at two different scales. A biaxial tensile test is coupled to X-ray diffraction (microscopic deformation) and digital image correlation (macroscopic deformation) techniques. We used a biaxial tensile setup developed in the framework of an ANR project on the DiffAbs beamline at synchrotron SOLEIL allowing forthe control of stresses in thin films supported by polyimide substrates. By comparing the strains obtained by these two techniques, the applied strain is determined to be transmitted unchanged in the elastic domain through the film - substrate interface. The second part of our work was to study the deformation of W/Cu nanocomposite beyond the elastic range. We have highlighted three domains of deformation associated with different deformation mechanisms. The elastic limit of the W/Cu nanocomposite was determined by comparing the elastic deformation of the thin film to the macroscopic deformation of the substrate. Finally, the elastic limit of W/Cu nanocomposite was studied for different load ratios. The overall results emphasized the brittle behavior of these nanocomposites
Philippe, Julien. "Développement d'une presse portative pour les études in et ex situ sous conditions extrêmes de pression, température et déformation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066008.
Full textHigh pressures are essential in several scientific field. This will be the case in this thesis with the development of a new device enabling new possibilities tomography and deformation under high pressure and high temperature. It brings the possibility of further scientific studies in the various disciplines that are Earth science, mechanical chemistry, physics of materials and liquids physics