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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diffraction X'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Zora, J. A. "X-ray diffraction studies." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374467.

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2

Hinrichsen, Bernd. "Two-dimensional X-ray powder diffraction." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:93-opus-33946.

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3

Genetu, Teggen Linda. "Material identification using X-ray diffraction." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för elektronikkonstruktion, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-37122.

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This study reviews the theoretical and experimental aspects of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique and evaluates its use in identifying toxic elements or compounds in waste that has been incinerated. Many industries incinerate materials that contain large significant amounts of toxic elements, and these elements should be identified and re-moved to reduce environmental pollution. The aim of this project is to identify the elemental content of an incinerated ash sample, and to recommend a proper identification method when using XRD. Here, we test two ash samples (raw ash without any treatment

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4

R, N. C. Maia Filipe. "Ultrafast Coherent X-ray Diffractive Nanoimaging." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekylär biofysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-122002.

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X-ray lasers are creating unprecedented research opportunities in physics,chemistry and biology. The peak brightness of these lasers exceeds presentsynchrotrons by 1010, the coherence degeneracy parameters exceedsynchrotrons by 109, and the time resolution is 105 times better. In theduration of a single flash, the beam focused to a micron-sized spot has the samepower density as all the sunlight hitting the Earth, focused to a millimetresquare. Ultrafast coherent X-ray diffractive imaging (CXDI) with X-ray lasers exploitsthese unique properties of X-ray lasers to obtain high-resolution structur

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5

Dicken, A. "Diffraction enhanced kinetic depth X-ray imaging." Thesis, Department of Engineering and Applied Science, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8046.

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An increasing number of fields would benefit from a single analytical probe that can characterise bulk objects that vary in morphology and/or material composition. These fields include security screening, medicine and material science. In this study the X-ray region is shown to be an effective probe for the characterisation of materials. The most prominent analytical techniques that utilise X-radiation are reviewed. The study then focuses on methods of amalgamating the three dimensional power of kinetic depth X-ray (KDFX) imaging with the materials discrimination of angular dispersive X-ray di

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6

Northey, Thomas. "Ab initio molecular diffraction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28772.

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In 1915, Debye derived his well-known equation for the X-ray scattering from a sample of randomly orientated gas-phase molecules. He approximated the molecular scattering by adding the contributions of isolated atomic constituents. This is known as the Independent Atom Model (IAM). However, it omits the redistribution of valence electrons due to bonding, and is limited to the electronic ground state. The main proposition of this thesis is that it is worthwhile going beyond the IAM when interpreting X-ray scattering data. In part, this is motivated by the arrival of new X-ray sources called X-r

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7

Kegel, Ingo. "X-ray diffraction from semiconductor quantum dots." Diss., [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2000. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00000330.

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8

Escudero, Adán Eduardo Carmelo. "High resolution X-ray single crystal diffraction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586278.

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Aquesta tesi doctoral descriu l'ús de dades d'alta resolució de difracció de raigs X de monocristall per a la obtenció de mapes experimentals detallats de distribució de densitat de càrrega. Aquests mapes serveixen per evidenciar experimentalment l'existència d'interaccions intra- i inter-moleculars febles dins de l'estructura del vidre. Els mapes de densitat de càrrega s'obtenen mitjançant un refinament multipolar de l'estructura cristal·lina. En concret, aquest treball se centra en evidenciar experimentalment les interaccions atractives no covalent recentment descrites teòricament i que

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9

Anderoglu, Osman. "Residual stress measurement using X-ray diffraction." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1507.

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This paper briefly describes the theory and methods of x-ray residual stress measurements. Residual stresses can be defined as the stresses which remain in a material in the absence of any external forces. There are many stress determination methods. Some of those methods are destructive and some are nondestructive. X-ray residual stress measurement is considered as a nondestructive method. X-ray diffraction together with the other diffraction techniques of residual stress measurement uses the distance between crystallographic planes as a strain gage. The deformations cause changes in the spac

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10

Falch, Thomas Løfsgaard. "3D Visualization of X-ray Diffraction Data." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for datateknikk og informasjonsvitenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18903.

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X-ray diffraction experiments are used extensively in the sciences to study the structure, chemicalcomposition and physical properties of materials. The output of such experiments are samples of thediffraction pattern, which essentially constitutes a 3D unstructured dataset. In this thesis, wedevelop a method for visualizing such datasets.Our visualization method is based on volume ray casting, but operates directly on the unstructuredsamples, rather than resampling them to form voxels. We estimate the intensity of the X-raydiffraction pattern at points along the rays by interpolation using ne

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11

He, Baoping. "X-ray diffraction from point-like imperfection." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09232008-144700/.

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12

Duke, Elizabeth Mary Helen. "X-ray diffraction studies on glycogen phosphorylase." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336092.

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13

Karacan, Ismail. "X-ray diffraction studies of aromatic fibres." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329219.

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14

Hubbard, Steven Robert. "X-ray diffraction studies of crystalline DNA." Thesis, University of York, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259840.

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15

Welsh, Liam Christopher Oswin. "X-ray diffraction studies of filamentous bacteriophages." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.627349.

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16

Ndieyira, Joseph Wafula. "X-ray diffraction studies of electrode surfaces." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624193.

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17

Palma, Joseph John. "X-ray Diffraction Studies of Amorphous Materials." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/231213.

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Physics<br>Ph.D.<br>This thesis presents a study on two types of X-ray diffraction methodologies applied to the characterization of amorphous materials. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of measuring the diffractive spectrum of amorphous materials by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXRD) utilizing Cadmium Zinc Telluride detectors. The total scattering intensity (coherent plus incoherent scatter) spectra precisely measured by high-energy Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) were compared to the EDXRD spectra to determine the level of agreement between the two technique

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18

Majumder, Bimal. "X-ray diffraction studies on liquid crystals." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/667.

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19

Dicken, Anthony. "Diffraction enhanced kinetic depth effect X-ray imaging." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2011. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8046.

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An increasing number of fields would benefit from a single analytical probe that can characterise bulk objects that vary in morphology and/or material composition. These fields include security screening, medicine and material science. In this study the X-ray region is shown to be an effective probe for the characterisation of materials. The most prominent analytical techniques that utilise X-radiation are reviewed. The study then focuses on methods of amalgamating the three dimensional power of kinetic depth X-ray (KDFX) imaging with the materials discrimination of angular dispersive X-ray di

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20

Heitner, Gabriele Heike. "Multiple scattering for diffraction enhanced X-ray imaging." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=976522632.

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21

Wrålsen, Arnt Joakim. "X-ray diffraction studies of InAs/GaAs heterostructures." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for elektronikk og telekommunikasjon, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18348.

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Intermediate band solar cells (IBSC) is a proposed new type of solar cell device that has an intermediate energy band in the band gap. One possible implementation of IBSCs is by using arrays of nano-sized semiconductor particles known as quantum dots (QDs). InAs QDs can be grown on GaAs by using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). As a part of this growth process, an InAs wetting layer (WL) is formed on which the InAs QDs grow. One possible method of determining the WL thickness is by using x-ray diffraction (XRD), which is a non-destructive analysis technique used to extract information about the s

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22

Walker, Christopher John. "X-ray diffraction of some technologically important surfaces." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30655.

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Surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) has been used to study the effect of pressure and temperature on the Ni(110)-(2x1)-2CO reconstruction and the effect of temperature on the InSb(001)-c(8x2) reconstruction. The Ni(110)-(2x1)-2CO reconstruction was observed at a carbon monoxide pressure of 2.3 bar and has a structure unchanged from that at 1 x 10 -5 mbar. This structure was found to consist of CO molecules near short bridge sites in agreement with other recent studies in high vacuum conditions. Heating at 1 x 10-5 mbar causes a lifting of the (2x1) reconstruction due to desorption of the CO. In c

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23

Mancuso, Adrian P. "Experimental phase retrieval using coherent x-ray diffraction /." Connect to thesis, 2005. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001775.

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24

Stewart, Alexander. "Reflections from muscle : an x-ray diffraction study." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334921.

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25

Khudheyer, F. Y. "Study of X-ray photoelectron diffraction in crystals." Thesis, Swansea University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637793.

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Photoelectron diffraction pattern is one of a number of surface-structure probes to knowledge of the atomic positions, identities and bonding mechanisms within few layers of the surface. The high-energy forward scattering version of photoelectron diffraction called X-Ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD). XPD features can be described theoretically by a simple single-scattering cluster model (SSC), which used either spherical wave (SW) or plane wave (PW) approximation. X-Ray photoelectron diffraction offers a direct method of determining interatomic bond directions in the surface region of a sol

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26

Griffiths, Jennifer Ann. "X-ray diffraction measurements for breast tissue analysis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444776/.

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Biological tissues exhibit elastic x-ray scatter properties unique to individual tissue types. It has been suggested that these properties could be exploited in the discrimination of tissues in diagnostic radiology, particularly in mammographic imaging. The work in this thesis investigates the elastic scatter from human breast tissues with a view to moving the Diffraction Enhanced Breast Imaging (DEBI) technique towards the clinical domain. Instrumentation was considered in terms of a suitable scatter detector and its associated collimation. A phosphor coated low-light-level CCD in conjunction

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27

Dower, C. Siobhan. "X-ray diffraction by near-perfect crystalline surfaces." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13707.

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This thesis presents an investigation of the diffraction of x-rays by the types of disordered grating structure which are commonly present on near-perfect crystalline surfaces. Models to calculate the diffraction are developed with the intention of interpreting experimental measurements in terms of both the macroscopic grating structure and the atomic structure. The observability of interference effects from grating structures illuminated by partially coherent radiation is discussed. General kinematical expressions are developed describing the three-dimensional x-ray scattering profile associa

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28

Tian, Yu. "X-ray Diffraction Analysis of with Hydrogen Interstitials." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialfysik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353796.

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Barium Zirconate is a material valuable in many aspects. Among all the significant characteristics of (BZO), the possibility of hydrogen interstitials is of great importance. With the help of X-ray diffraction analysis, many kinds of structure-related information of a crystal sample can be collected. In this thesis, the XRD pattern of hydrogen induced expansion and contraction of oxygen atoms in the BZO perovskite lattice is investigated both experimentally and theoretically.

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29

ENNADI, ABDELALI. "Etude structurale par diffraction x d'hydroxydes doubles lamellaires." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21553.

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Ce travail est consacre a l'etude structurale de quelques hydroxydes doubles lamellaires (hdl) synthetiques dont les feuillets brucitiques sont soit a base de zinc et d'aluminium, soit a base de zinc et de chrome. Les domaines interfoliaires contiennent des anions fluorure, chlorure, bromure, carbonate ou sulfate. Leurs structures ont ete etudiees par drx sur poudres, d'une part en appliquant la methode de rietveld combinee a une representation des profils de raies en serie de fourier et d'autre part en utilisant une methode de simulation basee sur le calcul de l'intensite diffractee a partir

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30

Timonen, T. (Tero). "X-ray diffraction studies of VO₂ thin films." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://jultika.oulu.fi/Record/nbnfioulu-201410281952.

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Abstract. The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of strain in vanadium dioxide (VO₂) thin films. Vanadium dioxide undergoes a metal-insulator transition involving radical changes in the electrical conductivity, and strain is one of the parameters which can influence the transition characteristics. In form of a thin film, vanadium dioxide is subjected to strain which arises from the lattice mismatch between the substrate and the film. To study the effect of strain, a set of vanadium dioxide thin films with thickness from 20 to 240 nm were grown using pulsed laser deposition method, a

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31

Ye, Hong. "X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and circular dichroism studies of nucleic acids and proteins." Thesis, Keele University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245601.

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32

Kumari, Maini S. M. "Development of a breast tissue diffraction analysis system using energy dispersive X-ray diffraction." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1370578/.

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Research groups have shown that diffraction techniques could be applied for characterising materials. In particular, Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXRD) technique has been successfully used in characterising materials such as plastics, drugs and biological tissues. The size of breast tissues used for characterisation so far has been small, in the range of mm. In order to exploit the fullness of the EDXRD technique in characterising breast tissues and hence enable early and precise breast tumour detection, the presented research work takes the existing research work a step forward by de

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33

Castagnos, Anne-Marie. "Les relaxeurs ferroélectriques BaTi0,65 Zr0,35 O3 et Pb(1-x)BixMg(1+x)3Nb(2-x)/3O3(0< ou égalx." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30197.

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"La relaxation diélectrique (dispersion en fréquence de la permittivité diélectrique) est expliquée par l'impossibilité pour l'ordre polaire de s'établir à longue distance. Dans le PMN (PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3), cela est attribué à une nanostructure complexe avec un ordre chimique local entre Mg et Nb et un ordre polaire local dû à des corrélations entre déplacements atomiques. Ces corrélations évoluent jusqu'à une température de gel où elles se bloquent. La " lone pair" du Pb est également mise en cause dans la relaxation. Afin de préciser le rôle de chaque composante, nous avons synthétisé et étudié

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34

Davydok, Anton [Verfasser]. "X-ray diffraction analysis of InAs nanowires / Anton Davydok." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1044457511/34.

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35

Biermanns, Andreas [Verfasser]. "X-ray diffraction from single GaAs nanowires / Andreas Biermanns." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1029241376/34.

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36

Mina, Golshan. "High-resolution X-ray diffraction studies of synthetic diamond." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271313.

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37

Lings, Benjamin B. "Ultrafast X-ray diffraction : coherent phonons in bulk semiconductors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432286.

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38

Bolz, Arne [Verfasser]. "X-Ray diffraction on InAs quantum dots / Arne Bolz." Aachen : Shaker, 2004. http://d-nb.info/1170529984/34.

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39

Rajkumar, Ganeshalingam. "X-ray diffraction analysis and modelling of polycrystalline fibres." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487950.

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This thesis concerns the development of software techniques for polycrystalline fibre diffraction analysis and the application of the techniques to the determination of the structures of target molecules. Fibre diffraction analysis is one of a powerful method for determining the structure of polycrystalline fibres. However, one of the main shortcomings of this method is the paucity of intensity data; the observed intensities need to be modelled using suitable methods. This particular problem is further complicated by the fact that no direct Fourier synthesis methods can be used because of the

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40

Evans, Shaun Russell. "High-pressure X-ray diffraction studies of light lanthanides." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7827.

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The (trivalent) lanthanides exhibit a common sequence of phases upon the application of pressure: hcp → dhcp → fcc → “distorted-fcc”. The “distorted-fcc”’ phase (d-fcc), observed in the light lanthanides is known to be related by geometric distortions to the fcc unit cell, yet the d-fcc phase has been reported to comprise of one or two structures, with no prevailing consensus as to the solution(s). This thesis contains a detailed study of the d-fcc phase of the light lanthanides Pr and Nd. High-pressure angle-dispersive powder-diffraction techniques were employed to systematically study the ph

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41

Elzo, Aizarna Marta Ainhoa. "Diffraction résonnante des rayons X dans des systèmes multiferroïques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870407.

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Le but de cette thèse est d'explorer la faisabilité d'expériences de diffraction résonante sur des systèmes multiferroïques et en particulier avec un champ/courrant électrique appliqué. Un formalisme de matrices de propagation a été développé pour simuler la réflectivité résonante, en utilisant un ensemble d'ondes propres comme base arithmétique pour le calcul. Des expériences de diffraction résonante ont été menées sur trois oxides de métaux de transition. Cette technique combinant la selectivité chimique et la sensibité à l'espace réciproque, elle a été utilisée sur des films très minces de

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42

Gandy, Jonathan Gerard. "An x-ray diffraction study of frog skeletal muscle." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243265.

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43

Hughes, David Stephen. "Polymorphs and solvates of sulfathiazole : X-ray diffraction studies." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398893.

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44

Mao, B. W. "In-situ X-ray diffraction studies of electrochemical interfaces." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378678.

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45

Leake, S. J. "Coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of zinc oxide crystals." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/19345/.

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Zinc Oxide (ZnO) exhibits a plethora of physical properties potentially advantageous in many roles and is why it one of the most studied semiconductor compounds. When doped or in its intrinsic state ZnO demonstrates a multitude of electronic, optical and magnetic properties in a large variety of manufacturable morphologies. Thus it is inherently important to understand why these properties arise and the impact potentially invasive sample preparation methods have for both the function and durability of the material and its devices. Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging (CXDI) is a recently establi

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46

Hughes, Darren John. "X-ray fibre diffraction studies on synthetic DNA analogues." Thesis, Keele University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318160.

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47

Harlow, G. S. "Surface X-ray diffraction studies of the electrochemical interface." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3003643/.

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This thesis describes the application of in-situ surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) experiments to the study of electrochemical interfaces. Measurements performed at synchrotron radiation facilities are used to provide in-sight into the surface structure of electrodes and the electrochemical double layer. The impact of structural changes on electrochemical reactivity, and likewise the impact of electrochemical processes on electrode structure are discussed. Measurements of the Au (111) reconstruction in alkaline solution indicate that the presence of CO causes the partial lifting of the reconstr

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48

Krause, Lennard. "Assessment of Single Crystal X-ray Diffraction Data Quality." Doctoral thesis, Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3DD4-A.

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49

Wu, Chang-Hong. "X-ray diffraction study of aged copper beryllium alloys." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10022008-063043/.

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50

Gorman, Martin Gerard. "X-ray diffraction studies of shock compressed bismuth using X-ray free electron lasers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25865.

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The ability to diagnose the structure of a material at extreme conditions of high-pressure and high-temperature is fundamental to understanding its behaviour, especially since it was found that materials will adopt complex crystal structures at pressures in the Terapascal regime (1TPa). Static compression, using the diamond anvil cell coupled with synchrotron radiation has to date been the primary method for structural studies of materials at high pressure. However, dynamic compression is the only method capable of reaching pressures comparable to the conditions found in the interior of newly

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