Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diffusion des rayons X et des neutrons aux petits angles'
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Dufour, Catherine. "Etude des propriétés structurales et magnétiques de multicouches Fe/Si par spectroscopie Mössbauer et diffusion aux petits angles de R. X. Et de neutrons polarisés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990INPL005N.
Full textJalal, Noureddine. "Etude des agregats formes par neutralisation des chaines monocarboxylees par : diffusion aux petits angles des neutrons et des rayons x." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13137.
Full textJalal, Noureddine. "Etude des agrégats formés par neutralisation des chaînes monocarboxylées, par diffusion aux petits angles des neutrons et des rayons X." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37614476w.
Full textPasquier, Coralie. "Interactions et structures dans les solutions hautement concentrées de protéines globulaires : étude du lysosyme et de l'ovalbumine." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S172/document.
Full textConcentrated phases of proteins are the subject of numerous studies aiming at identifying and characterizing the interactions and phase transitions at play, using the large corpus of knowledge in the field of concentrated colloids. Those concentrated phases of proteins have, in addition, a great importance in various fields, such as food industry, pharmaceutical industry and medicine. The establishment of equations of state relating osmotic pressure (Ð) and volume fraction (Φ) is an efficient way of characterization of the interactions between the components of a system. We applied this method to solutions of two globular proteins, lysozyme and ovalbumin, spanning volume fractions ranging from a dilute phase ( Φ < 0,01) to a concentrated, solid phase ( Φ > 0,62). The equations of state, coupled to other methods (SAXS, numerical simulations), enabled us to show that the two proteins carry a very different behavior when submitted to concentration and that their complexity is beyond that of colloids. Relating equations of state and interfacial behavior of these two proteins also showed points of convergence and enabled us to formulate a new hypothesis which explains some of the results obtained in the study of adsorption of proteins at the air-water interface
Bonnevide, Marine. "Nanocomposites élastomère-nanoparticules de silice greffées : de la synthèse aux mécanismes de dispersion." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0354.
Full textThe addition of nanometric fillers into a polymer matrix significantly improves its use properties. Optimization of nanocomposite reinforcement is related to the filler dispersion state in the matrix as well as to the filler/filler and filler/matrix interactions. In the tire industry, numerous studies have been devoted to these parameters in order to understand and control the reinforcement of elastomeric matrices such as Styrene Butadiene Rubber by silica nanoparticles. On an industrial scale, functional polymer or coupling agents such as bis(triethoxysilyl)propyl tetrasulfide are used to improve the dispersion of silica particles in elastomers and strengthen the matrix. However, it is difficult to control the grafting density and to modulate some parameters that may influence the dispersion state and interactions e.g. the nature and molar mass of the polymer chains covalently attached to the surface. To address these limitations, in this project we propose to synthesize silica nanoparticles grafted with polyisoprene, polybutadiene and statistical poly(butadiene-co-styrene) chains using the “grafting from” method associated to nitroxide mediated polymerization. In this aim, an alkoxyamine is grafted onto the nanoparticle surface in two steps by keeping the colloidal stability of the particles. After optimizing grafting parameters and polymerize the different monomers, the obtained grafted nanoparticles are characterized in terms of molar mass, microstructure, grafting density and gyration radius of the grafted chains. Their dispersion state is evaluated in solution as well as in matrices of various molecular weight and composition after the elaboration of nanocomposites
Liu, Yazhao. "Photo-responsive systems in aqueous solution : from model polyelectrolytes to polyelectrolyte-surfactant complexes." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAE007.
Full textThis thesis aims at designing, synthesizing and characterizing model photo-responsive systems in aqueous solution. These systems are based on polyelectrolytes (PEs) and surfactants. The photo-sensitivity arises from the presence of azobenzene (Azo) groups that undergo a transition from a trans to a cis isomer. We first considered a hydrophilic PE on which we grafted Azo groups. This system forms globular aggregates in solution due to chains collapse and intermolecular associations. The size of the aggregates varies under UV irradiation. It also depends on the molar mass of the PEs and the Azo content. We then considered surfactants in which Azo groups have been introduced (Azo-surfactants). We studied their complexation with oppositely charged PEs. These systems show a pearl necklace organization. The PEs decorate the micelles and penetrate inside (co-micellisation). Under UV irradiation, the size of the pearls decreases without really modifying the general organization of the complexes. Finally, we were interested in the self-assembly of Azo-surfactants and co-surfactants. This mixture leads to the formation of wormlike micelles and the creation of a gel. Under UV irradiation, a gel - fluid transition is observed. The origin of this phenomenon is linked to a morphological transition of the micellar aggregates (wormlike micelles - globular micelles)
Robbes, Anne-sophie. "Nanocomposites à base de particules magnétiques : synthèse et contribution de la dispersion des charges et de la conformation des chaines sur les propriétés de renforcement." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112201/document.
Full textThe mechanical properties of polymeric nanocomposite films can be considerably enhanced by the inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles due to two main effects: (i) the local structure of fillers dispersion and (ii) the potential modification of the chains conformation and dynamics in the vicinity of the filler/polymer interface. However, the precise mechanisms which permit to correlate these contributions at nanometric scale to the macroscopic mechanical properties of the materials are actually poorly described. In such a context, we have synthesized model nanocomposites based on magnetic nanoparticles of maghemite γ-Fe2O3 (naked or grafted with a polystyrene (PS) corona by radical controlled polymerization) dispersed in a PS matrix, that we have characterized by combining small angle scattering (X-Ray and neutron) and transmission electronic microscopy. By playing on different parameters such as the particle size, the concentration, or the size ratio between the grafted chains and the ones of the matrix in the case of the grafted fillers, we have obtained nanocomposite films a large panel of controlled and reproducible controlled filler structures, going from individual nanoparticles or fractal aggregates up to the formation of a connected network of fillers. By applying an external magnetic field during the film processing, we succeeded in aligning the different structures along the direction of the field and we obtained materials with remarkable anisotropic reinforcement properties. The conformation of the chains of the matrix, experimentally determined thanks to the specific properties of neutron contrast of the system, is not affected by the presence of the fillers, whatever their confinement, the dispersion the fillers or their chemical state surface. The alignment of the fillers along the magnetic field has allowed us to describe precisely the evolution of the reinforcement modulus of the materials with the structural reorganization of the fillers and the chains at the local scale under stretching, and thus to highlight the key role played by the fillers reorganization under stretching on the nanocomposite reinforcement mechanisms
Smolyakov, Georgiy. "Polyélectrolytes et liquides ioniques." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766158.
Full textMannix, Oonagh. "Etude de complexes de nanoparticules et polysaccharides par diffusion de rayons X aux petits angles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAV068.
Full textThe macroscopic properties and long-term stability of a colloidal suspension are controlled by its microstructure. Inter-particle interactions determine the microstructure and dynamics of the system. Colloidal systems are often metastable and so the inter-particle correlations can change with time (and so change the microstructure, and macroscopic properties of the system). As smaller colloidal particles can be used to form larger structures with different properties it is necessary to examine a system across various size scales.In this PhD thesis a combination of small and ultra-small angle x-ray scattering (U)SAXS and x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) techniques are used to investigate colloidal complexation across both time and space. Spatial scales from nanometers (si{nanometre}) to microns (si{micrometre}) and time scales from milliseconds (si{millisecond}) to months were examined to elucidate the formation pathway and structural evolution of the complexes. To uncover general mechanisms of broad relevance this work uses technical-grade, non-ideal materials. The study is on the complexation of silica nanoparticles and chitosan, a bio-sourced, cationic polysaccharide.First, a new description for scattering data of polydisperse silica nanoparticles using a fractal model is employed. An investigation into the small-angle scattering of chitosan by neutrons and x-rays, and static light scattering reveals significant differences that are not readily explained. The investigation of nanoparticle and polysaccharide complexes uses kinetic SAXS measurements to study the formation pathways of the complexes, with rapid mixing experiments to access shorter times (stopped-flow apparatus). Combined USAXS and SAXS data are analysed to provide information on the complex structure within a state diagram. Salt was removed from the system using dialysis, and the subsequent behaviour of the system was investigated. It was found that the behaviour of the dialysed system differed to the behaviour of the non-dialysed system over long timescales. In the dialysed system the growth of crystallites of colloidal silica was observed. These results, along with an investigation into the temperature dependency of the system lead to some understanding of the microstructure of this type of colloidal complex
Dufaye, Maxime. "Synthèses, caractérisations et cristallochimie de polyoxométallates incorporant des actinides et des lanthanides comme simulants d’actinides." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R036/document.
Full textThe research of molecules for the extraction and stabilization of actinides is a key topic in the field of chemistry related to the reprocessing of spent fuels in the nuclear industry. Among the chemical species, vacant polyoxometalates, owing to their modular structural properties and high nucleophilia, are good candidates for the complexation of metal cations. In this context, the association of trivacant polyoxotungstates with tetravalent and hexavalent actinides (thorium(IV), uranium(IV and VI)) and lanthanides considered as minor actinide simulants was investigated. The studies concerned the reactivity of trivacant precursors {SiW9O34}, {AsIIIW9O33}, {AsVW9O34} and {PW9O34} with 4f elements (Ce(IV)) and 5f (Th(IV), (U(VI)), which resulted in the complexation of hexanuclear clusters {Ce6O8} or polyanionic systems incorporating up to 12 actinides Th(IV) or U(VI) centers. Cryptand species {As4W40O140} and {P8W48O184} have encapsulated up to 4 uranium(IV) cations or 7.2 uranyl cations per molecule respectively. The third cryptant tested {Na2Sb8W36O132(H2O)4} did not allow actinide complexation. It nevertheless reorganizes, forming a polyanionic entity containing the species {SbW10O37} and {SbW8O31} during the reaction with trivalent lanthanides (Gd --> Lu). A total of 23 crystallized compounds were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The various molecular assemblies have been subjected to physico-chemical characterizations (IR, TGA). Their stability, particularly in aqueous solution, has been demonstrated by X-ray scattering (SAXS)
Sbai, Ali. "Analyse et simulations par ordinateur de la microstructure des craquelures et de leur diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=840.
Full textEGEA, PASCAL. "Etudes structurales des recepteurs nucleaires des retinoides : rxr et rar par diffusion aux petits angles et cristallographie des rayons x." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13131.
Full textMaurer, Thomas. "Magnétisme de nano-objets anisotropes: Etudes magnétiques et par diffusion de neutrons de nanofils de Co(1-x)Ni(x)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00471180.
Full textLours, Thierry. "Etude structurale de la transformation sol-gel : caractérisation des aérogels et étude de leur densification par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20012.
Full textFouilloux, Sarah. "Nanoparticules et microfluidique pour un système modèle d'émulsions de Pickering. Etude des mécanismes de stabilisation et déstabilisation." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00628612.
Full textBelhoucine, Mohammed. "Etude de la morphologie de blocks copolymères Polyamide polyéthers, par diffusion de rayons X, aux petits et grands angles et par microscopie électronique à transmission." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA07F128.
Full textBellet, Daniel. "Etude des textures des superalliages monocristallins par diffraction et diffusion des rayonnements : X, [gamma] et neutrons." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10016.
Full textLemoine, Asseline. "Organisation et ségrégation lors de la formation de nanoalliages d'AgCo étudiés par diffusion aux petits et aux grands angles et effet anomal." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2067/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the role of size, composition and growth kinetic conditions on the morphology, the structure and the chemical configuration of AgCo bimetallic supported nanoparticles. Thus, in-situ and in real-time anomalous grazing incidence small and wide angle X-ray scattering measurements were performed during AgCo nanoparticles growth. Two types of growth conditions were studied : simultaneous or successive deposition of the two metals. Samples were also annealed to study the stability of the structures observed at room temperature, and to investigate if structural transitions occur due to thermal activation. For all kind of deposition modes, the nanoparticles (in a size range between 2 and 7 nm) exhibit a segregated chemical configuration. For the deposition of Co followed by Ag deposition, the nanoparticles are constituted of one (or several) Ag domain(s) juxtaposed with a Co domain, whereas for Ag deposition followed by Co deposition, the nanoparticles present a (Co-Ag) core-shell configuration. For simultaneous depositions and Ag poor compositions (< or =20%), the core-shell configuration is obtained. For richer compositions, the multidomain configuration is observed. Whatever the initial configuration, annealing leads to a phase separation of the two metals towards Janus particles and some structural reorganizations occur
FINET, STEPHANIE. "Interactions entre proteines en solution : etude par diffusion des rayons x aux petits angles du lysozyme et des proteines du cristallin ; application a la cristallisation." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066190.
Full textBen, Cheikh Larbi Fadhel. "Etude par émission de fluorescence et par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles de la séparation de phases dans les mélanges polystyrène-poly (vinylméthyléther)." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602826r.
Full textMANGENOT, Stephanie. "Conformation, inetraction et organisation des particles coeur de nucleosome." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002115.
Full textLe, Maire-Coirier Albane. "Etude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine KIN17 humaine." Paris 6, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361216.
Full textBen, Cheikh Larbi Fadhel. "Étude par émission de fluorescence et par diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles de la cinétique de séparation de phases dans les mélanges polystyrène-poly (vinylmethylether)." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112125.
Full textRoblin, Pierre. "Caractérisation structurale de la polykétide synthase pks13 de mycobactérium tuberculosis : étude structurale des composés S et F de la gamma-hémolysine de staphylococcus aureus sous forme d'hétérodimère covalent." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30297.
Full textTuberculosis is now the principle cause of death due to a single infectious agent (Mycobacterium tuberculosis). Mycolic acids are essential lipids of the mycobacteria cell wall. Their relative abundance and their hydrophobic nature gives the envelope a strong impermeability, thus protecting the mycobacterium from the external environment. As Pks13 enzyme is involved in the last stage of mycolic acids biosynthesis, this inactivation affects directly the integrity of the envelope and to the survival of the mycobacteria. Pks13 is a large protein (186 kDa), consisting of five catalytic domains located on the same polypeptide chain and connected each other by loops of varying length. No structure of a type PKS I has yet been established. However, low-resolution structures of two bacterial similar systems (FAS) have recently been determined and high-resolution structures of homologues domains are known. The manuscript of the thesis contents the work carried out on a number of fragments Pks13, showing their production and purification and their biophysical characterization solution and the crystal genesis. .
Destremaut, Fanny. "Microfluidique et diffusion de rayonnements : des outils pour l'étude cinétique de la polycondensation du silicate." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13776/document.
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Vivares, Denis. "Interactions en solution et cristallisation de l'urate oxydase." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066336.
Full textBrisard, Sébastien. "Analyse morphologique et homogénéisation numérique : application à la pâte de ciment." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00617356.
Full textIvanov, Ivan Yavorov. "Etude biophysique et structurale du complexe de réplication des virus à ARN négatif." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENV083/document.
Full textRhabdoviruses, including vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and rabies virus (RAV), are enveloped viruses which genome is made of a single molecule of negative-sense RNA and are classified in the order Mononegavirales (MNV). The transcription/replication machinery of these viruses consists of the genomic RNA and of three proteins, which are common to all other viruses of the order MNV, a nucleoprotein (N) that encapsidates the viral genome, a large subunit of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L) and a phosphoprotein (P) that acts as a non-catalytic cofactor of L and a chaperone of N. The first goal of my research project was to determine the crystallographic structure of the dimerization domain of the rabies virus phosphoprotein. The P protein of the rhabdoviruses is a modular protein, which contains two intrinsically disordered regions, a central dimerization domain and a C-terminal domain involved in binding to the N-RNA template. The atomic model obtained at a resolution of 1.5 A showed that the structure is different from that of the corresponding domain of VSV. The second goal was the structural characterization of the large subunit L of VSV polymerase. The enzyme of 2109 aa has six conserved regions. Conserved region III includes the residues involved in the RNA synthesis activity, whereas domains V and VI are involved in mRNA capping formation. Three strategies were successively developed: (1) On the basis of secondary structure and disorder predictions, we tried to express different fragments in bacterial expression systems. These constructions appeared to be insoluble and some of them bound GroEL suggesting a folding problem; (2) We tried to express L alone or co-express it with P in eukaryotic expression system. The purification appeared to be impossible, the L protein always remaining associated with host-cell proteins in amounts detectable by Coommassie staining; (3) We succeeded in purifying the L protein from the virus. The L samples were homogenous and allowed a characterization by electron microscopy. Image classes allowed the reconstruction of a first low-resolution model. This model revealed the presence of a large ring-like domain and several globular domains. Cryo-electron microscopy and tomography should lead to a more detailed description of this protein
le, Maire Albane. "étude structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine KIN17 humaine." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361216.
Full textnormales, stimulée par les rayonnements UV et ionisants, autant de caractéristiques qui ont
suscité notre intérêt pour l'analyse structurale et fonctionnelle de la protéine KIN17 humaine
(hKIN17) dans le but de caractériser sa ou ses fonction(s) dans la cellule. Plusieurs propriétés ont
été décrites pour la protéine hKIN17 dans différents mécanismes cellulaires tels que la réplication
de l'ADN, la réparation de l'ADN et le métabolisme de l'ARN. Pendant ma thèse, j'ai montré en
combinant des données de DC, RMN et SAXS que la protéine hKIN17 possède un domaine
structuré adoptant probablement le repliement d'un doigt de zinc et un domaine winged helix
dans sa région N-terminale. Seul le premier domaine lie les acides nucléiques, le deuxième
domaine ayant pour partenaires plusieurs hélicases à ARN impliquées dans la transcription et la
traduction. J'ai résolu par cristallographie aux rayons X la structure du domaine C-terminal qui
est retrouvé uniquement chez les eucaryotes supérieurs et se replie en un double domaine de type
SH3. J'ai montré par différentes méthodes biochimiques (filtration sur gel, gel IEF natif) que ce
domaine ancre la protéine hKIN17 à un complexe nucléaire acide de haut poids moléculaire dont
les composants sont en cours d'identification par spectrométrie de masse. De plus, il lie l'ARN et
les histones modifiées. L'ensemble de ces résultats confirment l'implication de la protéine
hKIN17 dans le métabolisme de l'ARN et précisent le rôle de chacun des domaines au sein de la
protéine.
Moussa, Ragueh Deka. "Filtration de silices précipitées : mise en évidence des relations entre propriétés macroscopiques et échelles locales caractéristiques dans les dépôts." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691605.
Full textRodrigues, Catarina. "Etudes structurales et biophysiques de proteines du virion d' ATV, un bicaudavirus infectant des crenarchees du genre acidianus." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4087.
Full textViruses are the most abundant biological entity in the oceans (∼1031 particles) and remarkably, viruses populate every ecosystem on the planet including the extreme acidic, thermal, and saline environments where archaeal organisms dominate. The viruses infecting hyperthermophilic Crenarchaea revealed exceptional morphologies and also a very low proportion of genes with recognizable functions and homologues. Among these viruses we find ATV (Acidianus two-Tailed virus). ATV is a virus infecting hyperthermophilic archaea of the genus Acidianus, which has the unique property of undergoing a major morphological development outside and independently of the host cell. Virions develop long tails at each pointed end of the initial lemon-Shaped particle, at temperatures close to those of the host natural habitat, 85 °C. The subject of my thesis has focused on the virion proteins of ATV. I have solved the crystal structure of ATV-273 that revealed a new α/β fold. I have also obtained a SAXS envelope where it is possible to fit two crystal dimers, in agreement with the oligomerization state in solution as determined by size-Exclusion chromatography coupled to multi angle light scattering. The function of this protein, however, could be not determined. Moreover, a negative staining electron microscopy model was obtained for the AAA+ ATPase ATV-618, which belongs to the MoxR familiy and presents sequence high similarity with the AAA-ATase RavA from Escherichia coli K12. I have shown that this thermostable AAA-ATPase enzyme assumes a hexameric ring organisation in the presence of ATP
Dessombz, Arnaud. "Elaboration et caractérisation de phases cristal liquides de suspensions de rutile (TiO2). Propriétés physiques anisotropes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00354476.
Full textLe travail présenté montrera comment il est possible d'élaborer par Chimie Douce des nanoparticules anisotropes afin d'obtenir en milieu aqueux une mésophase, de nature nématique, et de la caractériser. De plus, des suspensions de bâtonnets, même relativement diluées, s'orientent sous cisaillement, ce qui permet de produire par spin-coating des films anisotropes. Ces films sont des échantillons de choix pour effectuer des mesures, sous irradiation ultraviolette, de photocatalyse d'espèces organiques dissoutes ou encore de photoconduction. Ces mesures peuvent être comparées avec les résultats obtenus à l'aide d'un monocristal de TiO2 présentant les mêmes facettes cristallographique [110] que les nanoparticules.
Un film orienté de bâtonnets de rutile présente naturellement des propriétés anisotropes. En outre, nous avons mis en évidence une forte dépendance des propriétés catalytiques et de la conductivité électronique avec la polarisation de l'irradiation ultra-violette. Nous montrerons dans quelle mesure la théorie des bandes permet d'expliquer ces effets.
Loubat, Anais. "Croissance par voie chimique et propriétés de transport électronique de nanofils d'or." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01037878.
Full textLEMAIRE, Bruno. "Propriétés structurales et magnétiques d'un cristal liquide minéral, les suspensions de goethite (alpha-FeOOH)." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002172.
Full textHabibi, Bajguirani Hamid Reza. "Contribution à l'étude des transformations structurales se développant dans l'alliage 15-5 PH, en particulier les mécanismes de précipitations durcissantes à base de Cu, par microscopie électronique en transmission et diffusion des rayons X aux petits angles. Relations avec les caractéristiques mécaniques." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112245.
Full textChan, Yao Chong Maud. "Structure et dynamique de protéines intrinsèquement désordonnées : Caractérisation par une approche combinant dynamique moléculaire avancée et SAXS." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS257.
Full textThe PhD work will consist in exploring and characterizing the conformational ensemble of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), by using several complementary methods, including enhanced molecular dynamics simulations and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). IDPs are proteins having one or several regions that lack stable secondary structures in the unbound state, but which can adopt various structured conformations to bind other proteins. In the case of three IDPs, the project aims to answer the question of whether these secondary structures formed at the protein-protein interfaces transiently pre-exist or not in the unbound state of solvated IDPs. If it is possible to identify and characterize these molecular recognition features (MoRFs) in the IDP unbound state, then the results of this work will subsequently help to determine the structures of protein complexes involving IDPs
Harmouche, Nicole. "Les liposomes biphényles : un nouveau modèle de biomembrane magnétique fluorescent : caractérisation par RMN des solides, microscopies optiques et électroniques et SAXS." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00959353.
Full textAuffret, Yann. "Propriétés Macroscopiques et Microscopiques de Phases Lamellaires Lyotropes Cisaillées d'AOT/Eau/Iso-octane." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358176.
Full textLorsqu'ils sont cisaillés, les cristaux liquides lyotropes présentent des propriétés d'écoulement variées allant du comportement newtonien à des comportements viscoélastiques non linéaires dépendant du temps et de 'l'histoire' de l'échantillon considéré.
Nos travaux liminaires en rhéométrie transitoire contrôlée soit en vitesse soit en contrainte montrent un régime d'écoulement transitoire complexe et inhabituellement long dépendant de la déformation subit par l'échantillon. Dans les deux cas un régime d'écoulement permanent est atteint après une transition rhéopectique (ie. une augmentation de la viscosité _a cisaillement constant). Les propriétés structurelles du matériau sont étudiées au moyen de techniques de visualisation de textures biréfringentes, de diffusion des rayons X aux grands angles et de microscopie électronique en transmission. Les deux dernières techniques montrent à l'échelle nanoscopique une transformation sous cisaillement des structures initialement lamellaires planes en vésicules lamellaires de type 'oignons'. Cette transition à l'échelle nanoscopique s'accompagne d'une réorganisation des défauts topologiques à l'échelle microscopique mise en évidence lors de l'observation des textures biréfringentes. Nous montrons que ces transitions aux échelles nanoscopiques et microscopiques sont à l'origine de la transition rhéopectique observée en rhéométrie.
Enfin, les propriétés viscoélastiques, de seuil d'écoulement et de vieillissement
de la phase vésiculaire induite sous cisaillement sont déterminées à l'aide d'une procédure expérimentale permettant de contrôler l'histoire de l'échantillon.
Bouty, Adrien. "Influence de la dispersion des charges et de la conformation des chaines sur les propriétés mécaniques de systèmes nanocomposites SBR/Silice." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925836.
Full textBadillo, Aurélie. "Analyses structurales et fonctionnelles de la protéine non-structurale 5A (NS5A) du virus de l’hépatite C." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10239.
Full textNS5A is essential for HCV replication and particle assembly, and constitutes a very promising drug target. However, no clear function has yet been described for NS5A, and structural knowledge remains limited. We characterized the intrinsically disordered nature of NS5A domains D2 and D3, and describe their folding propensity and their overall conformational behaviour by combining different biophysical methods. We also highlighted the structural variability of D2 domain in HCV genotypes, which might be correlated with the disparities observed between genotypes in terms of pathogenesis and efficiency of therapies. The interactions between D2 and D3 with human cyclophilin A (CypA) was analysed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We showed that mutations in the D2 domain conferring resistance of HCV replication to CypA inhibitors did not prevent the interaction between D2 and CypA. However, they induce structural perturbations that may affect the kinetics of conformers interconversion of D2. We also showed by SPR that D2 and D3 interact with the of DNA-binding domain of the nuclear receptor FXR (farnesoid X receptor alpha). This interaction reduce the binding of FXR to its DNA target, suggesting an involvement of NS5A in the modulation of the transcriptional activity of FXR. All this data led us to propose a model of the overall structure of NS5A, which provides a useful template for a better understanding of structural and functional properties of this enigmatic protein
Rosenbaum, Eva. "Caractérisation structurale, enzymatique et biophysique d'un complexe peptidase piezo-thermophile issue de l'archaea marine abyssale Pyrococcus horikoshii." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363757.
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